JP2018122401A - Processing apparatus and processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing device which can be acquired at low cost and which can achieve accurate processing at a short time, and a processing method.SOLUTION: A processing device 100 comprises: an end mill 10 on which a peripheral cutting edge for cutting a workpiece 20 is formed, and a back taper is attached to the peripheral cutting edge; a main shaft 120 to which the end mill 10 is detachably attached, and which can rotate the end mill 10 around a shaft; and an NC device 160 for adjusting cutting resistance of the end mill 10 in an initial wear occurrence time on the basis of the back taper amount and a wear amount of the end mill 10. The NC device 160 has a processing margin correction part for correcting a processing margin in a radial direction of the end mill 10 based on the back taper amount and the wear amount.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining apparatus and a machining method, and more particularly to a machining apparatus and a machining method for machining a workpiece using a cutting tool.

  Cutting is a processing method in which a cutting tool is brought into contact with a workpiece to cut a part of the workpiece. Among cutting tools, an end mill is widely used because it can simultaneously form a workpiece processing surface on the side surface of the end mill and a workpiece processing surface on the bottom surface side of the end mill. However, the end mill is deformed by receiving a reaction force from the work surface of the work on the side surface of the end mill and the work surface of the work on the bottom surface side of the end mill at the time of cutting. For this reason, the processing surface of the workpiece on the side surface of the end mill may be formed inclined with respect to the vertical surface.

  In view of this, a technique for suppressing the inclination of the work surface of the workpiece on the side surface of the end mill has been developed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a processing apparatus that tilts a spindle that rotates while holding an end mill so as to cancel the inclination of the end mill during cutting. Further, in Patent Document 2, when the left and right side surfaces of a workpiece are cut by moving the end mill in the height direction, a plurality of incisions in the height direction of the end mill are cut while alternately cutting the left and right side surfaces of the workpiece. A processing apparatus for performing the processing in divided times is disclosed.

JP 2010-240802 A JP-A-9-131610

  In the processing method of Patent Document 1, since the main axis of the end mill is inclined, there is a problem that the processing surface of the work on the bottom side of the end mill is inclined from the horizontal plane. In addition, the processing method of Patent Document 1 requires a mechanism for controlling the inclination of the main shaft of the end mill, which causes a problem that the cost of the apparatus is high. Furthermore, in the processing method of Patent Document 2, since the cutting in the height direction of the end mill is performed a plurality of times, there is a problem that processing takes time.

  The present invention has been made based on such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method that can be obtained at low cost and can perform highly accurate processing in a short time.

In order to achieve the above object, a processing apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
An outer peripheral blade for cutting a workpiece is formed, and a tool with a back taper attached to the outer peripheral blade;
A spindle on which the tool is detachably mounted and capable of rotating the tool around an axis;
Cutting force adjusting means for adjusting the cutting resistance of the tool when initial wear occurs based on the back taper amount and the wear amount of the tool;
Is provided.

  According to the present invention, the cutting force adjusting means for adjusting the cutting resistance of the tool when initial wear occurs is provided based on the back taper amount and the wear amount of the tool. For this reason, it is possible to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method that can be obtained at low cost and can perform highly accurate processing in a short time.

(A) is a front view which shows the processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, (b) is a side view which shows the processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The enlarged view to which a part of processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention was expanded. (A) is a front view which shows the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, (b) is a bottom view which shows the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The figure which shows the control system of the processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The perspective view which shows a mode that the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention processes a workpiece | work. The figure which shows the mode before a deformation | transformation of the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and after a deformation | transformation. (A) is a diagram showing a processed surface on the side surface when the back taper is larger than the tilt amount of the end mill, and (b) is a diagram showing a processed surface on the side surface when the tilt amount of the end mill is equal to the back taper. (C) is a figure which shows the processed surface of the side surface in case the amount of overturning of an end mill is larger than a back taper Graph showing the relationship between the number of workpieces and the inclination of the side surface FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of processed parts and the inclination of the processed surface on the side surface when the back taper of the end mill is made larger than in the case of FIG. The graph which shows the relationship between the number of processes which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and the inclination of the processed surface of the side surface side The top view which shows the movement path | route of the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention The block diagram of the processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The figure which shows the back taper amount database which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of workpieces and the inclination of the machining surface on the side surface side, (b) is a diagram showing a machining number / machining surface inclination database according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The figure which shows the calculation method of the back taper amount of the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The flowchart which shows the process condition determination process which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. (A) is a graph which shows the relationship between rotation speed and cutting resistance, (b) is a figure which shows the rotation speed and cutting resistance database which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The block diagram of the processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. The flowchart which shows the process condition determination process which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. (A) is sectional drawing which shows a mode that it pre-processes with the pre-processing end mill which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention, (b) is a cross section which shows a mode that it finish-processes with the finishing end mill which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. Figure, (c) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after finishing of (b) (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of machining and the inclination of the machining surface on the side surface side, (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of machining and the machining allowance in the radial direction of the previous machining, and (c) is the number of machining and finishing machining. Showing the relationship of machining allowance in the radial direction The flowchart which shows the process condition determination process which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. The figure which shows a mode that the wall surface from which a curvature differs is processed using the end mill which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. A graph showing the relationship between the number of workpieces and the inclination of the machining surface on the side surface when the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill is reduced in the range where the machining number is large and the inclination of the machining surface on the side surface side is large (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool and the cutting force, and (b) is a diagram showing a machining allowance / cutting force database.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a processing apparatus and a processing method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the same or equivalent parts. In each of the embodiments, the moving direction of the end mill is the X axis, the Y axis is the direction perpendicular to the X axis on the same horizontal plane as the X axis, and the vertical direction is the direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis. An orthogonal coordinate system with the Z axis is used.

In the specification, the “falling amount” of the tool is an amount indicating the degree to which the tool falls when it is deformed during cutting, for example, an amount by which the tip of the tool is displaced in the radial direction due to the deformation.
In the specification, the “back taper amount” of the tool is an amount indicating the degree of back taper in the tool, and is, for example, the difference between the diameter of the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the outer peripheral blade of the tool.
In the specification, the “amount of wear” of the tool is an amount indicating the degree of wear of the tool, and can be expressed, for example, by the number of workpieces that is the number of workpieces cut by the tool.
In the specification, “inclination of the processing surface on the side surface side” is an index indicating the degree of inclination of the processing surface on the side surface side of the workpiece, and is, for example, horizontal between the processing surface on the side surface side of the workpiece and the vertical surface. It is the distance in the horizontal direction at the position farthest in the direction.
In the specification, the “cutting amount” is an amount by which a part of a work is cut off by a tool, and is, for example, a volume of the work cut off by rotation of the tool.
In the specification, “perpendicularity” is one of indices indicating the accuracy of cutting, and is an index that defines the degree of inclination of the machining surface on the side surface side of the workpiece. The “squareness” being X means that the “tilt of the processed surface on the side surface side” is within the range of −X to + X.

(Embodiment 1)
With reference to FIGS. 1-17, the case where the end mill 10 is used as a tool is demonstrated to the example about the processing apparatus 100 and the processing method which concern on Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 1A is a front view of the processing apparatus 100, and FIG. 1B is a side view of the processing apparatus 100. In FIG. 1, in order to facilitate understanding, the detailed structure of the processing apparatus 100 is not shown.

  The processing apparatus 100 is an apparatus that cuts the workpiece 20 by moving the rotating end mill 10 in contact with the workpiece 20. The processing apparatus 100 has a table 110 on which a workpiece 20 is installed and fixed, an end mill 10 that is detachably attached, a main shaft 120 that can rotate around the axis together with the end mill 10, and a main shaft 120 that is fixed to the main shaft 120. A spindle motor 130 that rotates, and a moving mechanism unit 140 that moves the spindle 120 relative to the workpiece 20 are provided.

  The movement mechanism unit 140 includes an X-axis movement mechanism unit 141 that moves the main shaft 120 in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis movement mechanism unit 142 that moves the table 110 in the Y-axis direction, and a Z that moves the main shaft 120 in the Z-axis direction. An axial movement mechanism unit 143.

  The X-axis movement mechanism unit 141 includes an X-axis guide 141a that supports the Z-axis movement mechanism unit 143, an X-axis motor 141b that is fixed to the X-axis guide 141a and moves the spindle 120 relative to the workpiece 20, It has. The X-axis movement mechanism unit 141 is fixed to a frame (not shown), and supports the main shaft 120 and the Z-axis movement mechanism unit 143 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction.

  The Y-axis moving mechanism unit 142 includes a Y-axis guide 142a that supports the table 110, and a Y-axis motor 142b that is fixed to the Y-axis guide 142a and moves the table 110 relative to the main shaft 120. . The Y-axis moving mechanism unit 142 is fixed to a frame (not shown) and supports the table 110 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction.

  The Z-axis movement mechanism unit 143 includes a Z-axis guide 143 a that supports the main shaft 120, and a Z-axis motor 143 b that is connected to the Z-axis guide 143 a and moves the main shaft 120 relative to the workpiece 20. . The Z-axis moving mechanism unit 143 is supported by the X-axis moving mechanism unit 141, and supports the main shaft 120 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

  The X-axis guide 141a, the Y-axis guide 142a, and the Z-axis guide 143a are guide mechanisms that linearly move the table 110 or the main shaft 120, and include, for example, a ball screw, a linear guide, and the like. The X-axis motor 141b, the Y-axis motor 142b, and the Z-axis motor 143b are servo motors that linearly move the X-axis guide 141a, the Y-axis guide 142a, and the Z-axis guide 143a.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the end mill 10 is attached to the main shaft 120. The main shaft 120 is a member that transmits the rotation of the main shaft motor 130 to the end mill 10. The main shaft 120 includes a holder 121 that detachably holds the end mill 10 at the tip thereof.

FIG. 3A is a front view of the end mill 10, and FIG. 3B is a bottom view of the end mill 10. The end mill 10 includes a cylindrical shank portion 11 and a blade portion 12 that is provided on the distal end side of the shank portion 11 and cuts the workpiece 20. The blade portion 12 includes an outer peripheral blade 13 provided on the outer peripheral portion and a bottom blade 14 provided on the bottom surface portion of the end mill 10. The outer peripheral blade 13 is provided with a back taper so that the outer diameter increases toward the lower side. The diameter d ₁ of the lower end portion of the outer peripheral blade 13 is preferably 2 μm or more larger than the diameter d ₂ of the upper end portion of the outer peripheral blade 13, and more preferably 10 μm larger.

  Returning to FIG. 2, the machining apparatus 100 includes a back taper measuring unit 150 that measures the back taper of the end mill 10. The back taper measuring unit 150 includes a light emitting unit 151 that irradiates the end mill 10 with illumination light, and a camera unit 152 that continuously photographs the end mill 10. The light emitting unit 151 is, for example, an LED (light emitting diode). The camera unit 152 is, for example, a video camera, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor, or the like.

  In the back taper measuring unit 150, the illumination light is emitted from the light emitting unit 151 toward the end mill 10, and the camera unit 152 continuously captures the light reflected from the surface of the end mill 10, whereby the end mill 10 with a clear outline is obtained. Can be taken. The back taper measurement unit 150 takes an image of the end mill 10 every time a new end mill 10 is mounted on the holder 121.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a control system of the machining apparatus 100. The processing apparatus 100 includes an NC device 160 that controls operations of the main shaft motor 130, the X-axis motor 141b, the Y-axis motor 142b, the Z-axis motor 143b, and the back taper measuring unit 150. The NC device 160 is a programmable logic controller (PLC) that controls the overall operation of the processing apparatus 100.

  The NC device 160 controls the spindle motor 130 via the spindle servo amplifier 131, controls the X axis motor 141b via the X axis servo amplifier 141c, and transmits Y via the Y axis servo amplifier 142c. The shaft motor 142b is controlled, and the Z-axis motor 143b is controlled via the Z-axis servo amplifier 143c.

  The servo amplifier 131 for the spindle, the servo amplifier 141c for the X axis, the servo amplifier 142c for the Y axis, and the servo amplifier 143c for the Z axis are all based on instructions from the NC device 160, respectively, the spindle motor 130, the X axis Signals for controlling the motor 141b, the Y-axis motor 142b, and the Z-axis motor 143b are output.

  Next, the operation of the end mill 10 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the case where the “perpendicularity” of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side is suppressed to X or less, conventionally, the end mill 10 having a back taper amount of X or less is used. In the first embodiment, in order to improve the tool life. The end mill 10 whose back taper amount is larger than X is used. Then, in order to suppress the “perpendicularity” of the processing surface 21 on the side surface to X or less, when the initial wear occurs, the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is made larger than usual, and after the end of the initial wear, the end mill 10 Control to return the machining allowance in the radial direction to normal. Hereinafter, the reason why the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is controlled as described above will be mainly described.

  FIG. 5 shows a state in which the end mill 10 is machining the workpiece 20. The processing apparatus 100 removes a part of the workpiece 20 by moving the end mill 10 in the X-axis direction while rotating the end mill 10 around the axis. At this time, the end mill 10 simultaneously forms the processing surface 21 on the side surface side and the processing surface 22 on the bottom surface side of the workpiece.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the end mill 10 before deformation and the end mill 10 after deformation. The end mill 10 has a back taper. A dotted line indicates the end mill 10 before deformation, and a solid line indicates the end mill 10 after deformation. Further, a chain line a thin one point on the central axis O ₁ of the end mill 10 before deformation, chain line bold one-dot represents the center axis O ₂ of the end mill 10 after deformation.

  The end mill 10 is deformed by a cutting resistance that acts on the blade portion 12 during the cutting process. Specifically, the end mill 10 receives a reaction force in the Y-axis direction from the machining surface 21 on the side surface side of the workpiece 20 and a reaction force in the Z-axis direction from the machining surface 22 on the bottom surface side. As a result, the end mill 10 is deformed as shown by the solid line in FIG. From FIG. 6, it can be understood that the processing surface 21 on the side surface side can be made closer to the vertical surface by attaching an appropriately inclined back taper to the end mill 10.

  FIG. 7A shows a case where the back taper amount is larger than the tilt amount of the end mill 10, FIG. 7B shows a case where the end mill 10 has a tilt amount equal to the back taper amount, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the processed surface 21 of the side surface in case a fall amount is larger than the back taper amount. The falling amount of the end mill 10 is proportional to the cutting resistance, and the cutting resistance is proportional to the cutting amount of the workpiece 20 and the wear amount of the end mill 10. For this reason, the falling amount of the end mill 10 increases as the wear of the end mill 10 progresses. Therefore, when the cutting amount of the workpiece 20 is constant, the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side changes from the state shown in FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C as the wear of the end mill 10 progresses. ) In order.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of workpieces after starting cutting using one end mill 10 and the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface side of the workpiece 20. When the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side is negative, the processing surface 21 on the side surface side is inclined to the right side as shown in FIG. When the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side is zero, the processing surface 21 on the side surface side is vertical as shown in FIG. When the inclination of the side surface 21 is positive, the side surface 21 is inclined to the left as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the number of workpieces is small, initial wear of the end mill 10 occurs and the cutting resistance of the end mill 10 changes greatly, so that the inclination of the processed surface 21 on the side surface side changes greatly. The initial wear is a phenomenon in which wear of the end mill 10 suddenly progresses at the initial stage of processing. When the initial wear is completed, the end mill 10 is gradually worn, so that the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side also changes gently. In order to suppress the “perpendicularity” of the processing surface 21 on the side surface to X or less, it is necessary to keep the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface within the range of −X to + X. At this time, the tool life of the end mill 10 is indicated by Y shown in the graph of FIG.

  FIG. 9 shows the number of workpieces after the start of cutting using one end mill 10 and the machining surface 21 on the side surface of the workpiece 20 when the back taper amount of the end mill 10 is larger than that in FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the inclination of. By increasing the back taper amount of the end mill 10, the tool life of the end mill 10 is increased compared to the end mill 10 of FIG. However, when the number of processed parts in which initial wear occurs is 0th to Nth, the inclination of the processed surface 21 on the side surface side is smaller than −X, so that the perpendicularity of the processed surface 21 on the side surface side cannot be suppressed to X or less as it is. .

  Therefore, in the machining apparatus 100, when the number of machining in which initial wear occurs is 0th to Nth, the operation of the end mill 10 is controlled so that the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is increased. The machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is a movement amount in a direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the end mill 10 and a direction in which the cutting amount in the radial direction of the end mill 10 with respect to the workpiece 20 increases.

  FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of machines processed and the inclination of the machined surface 21 on the side surface when the operation of correcting the machining allowance of the end mill 10 is included. The back taper amount is A, and when the number of machining is 0, the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface side is −X1. In this case, the fall amount of the end mill 10 when the number of processed units is 0 is (A-X1). In order to increase the inclination of the processed surface 21 on the side surface when the number of processed units is zero, it is necessary to make the tilt amount of the end mill 10 smaller than (AX).

The machining allowance and cutting resistance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 are proportional to the cutting resistance of the end mill 10 and the amount of collapse. For this reason, the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is proportional to the amount of collapse. Therefore, when the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is larger than {(A−X) ÷ (A−X1)} times, the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface side becomes larger than −X. Therefore, when the number of workpieces is 0 to N, the radial machining allowance β ₂ after correction of the end mill 10 is expressed by the following equation, where the radial machining allowance after the initial machining of the end mill 10 is β _1. Is done. Note that the radial machining allowance β ₁ after the end machining of the end mill 10 is the radial machining allowance when the number of processed workpieces is larger than N.
β ₂ = β ₁ × {(A−X) ÷ (A−X1)}

For example, a typical radial machining margin beta ₁ to 50μm of the end mill 10, 10 [mu] m a back taper amount A, -8Myuemu inclination -X1 of the processing surface 21 of the side surface side, the side surface side of the inclination of the working surface 21 of the corrected - When X is −5 μm, the machining allowance β _{2 in} the radial direction after correction of the end mill 10 can be calculated as follows.
β ₂ = 50 × {(10−5) ÷ (10−8)} = 125 μm

  FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a moving path of the end mill 10 with a large machining allowance in the radial direction when the number of machining is 0th to Nth. The movement path of the end mill 10 is a path along which a reference point, which is a point on the right side of the traveling direction, is a point where a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction passes through the center of the end mill 10 and the outer periphery of the end mill 10 intersect. In order to facilitate understanding, an example in which the reference point of the end mill 10 moves in the X-axis direction from coordinates (X, Y) = (20 μm, 120 μm) to coordinates (X, Y) = (200 μm, 120 μm) I will explain.

  First, the machining apparatus 100 increases the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 before moving in the traveling direction of the end mill 10 as shown in FIG. More specifically, the reference point of the end mill 10 is a direction perpendicular to the moving direction from the coordinates (X, Y) = (20 μm, 120 μm), and the cutting depth in the radial direction of the end mill 10 with respect to the workpiece 20 is Move in the -Y direction, which is the increasing direction. Next, the end mill 10 is advanced in the X-axis direction in a state where the amount of cutting in the radial direction is increased, and cutting is performed. Next, when the initial wear is completed, the end mill 10 is moved in the + Y direction in order to restore the cutting depth. Next, the end mill 10 is advanced in the X-axis direction with the radial cutting depth restored, and cutting is performed until the reference point of the end mill 10 reaches the coordinates (X, Y) = (200 μm, 120 μm). Do.

  Next, the configuration of the NC device 160 that realizes the operation of the end mill 10 shown in FIG. 10 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the NC device 160.

  The NC device 160 includes an instruction receiving unit 161, a display unit 162, a communication unit 163, a storage unit 164, and a control unit 165. The instruction receiving unit 161, the display unit 162, the communication unit 163, and the storage unit 164 are all communicably connected to the control unit 165 via a wired or wireless communication line.

  The instruction receiving unit 161 receives an instruction from the user and notifies the control unit 165 of the user instruction. For example, the instruction receiving unit 161 receives a user instruction to correct the machining allowance in the radial direction. The instruction receiving unit 161 is a connector, an interface, or the like that can receive an instruction from an external device.

  The display unit 162 includes a liquid crystal display and displays various information. For example, the display unit 162 displays the type of the end mill 10, the back taper amount, the movement path, the radial machining allowance, the shape of the workpiece after cutting, and the like. The instruction receiving unit 161 and the display unit 162 may be integrally configured by a touch panel or the like.

  The communication unit 163 transmits and receives data to and from external terminals and servers. The communication unit 163 transmits information related to the number of workpieces and imaging data around the workpiece 20 to a server, a computer, and an external terminal, and receives information related to a machining shape, a movement route, and various programs from the server, the computer, and the external terminal.

  The storage unit 164 includes a random access memory (RAM) and a read only memory (ROM), stores a program executed by the control unit 165 and various data, and functions as a work area. In addition, the storage unit 164 includes a back taper amount database 164a and a processed number / machined surface inclination database 164b.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the back taper amount database 164a. The back taper amount database 164 a is a database that stores the back taper amount for each end mill 10. As shown in FIG. 13, the back taper amount database 164a includes back taper amounts A, B, C for each of the end mill types 1, 2,..., N, n + 1, ..., and the end mill types M ₁ , M ₂ ,. Memorize ... The back taper amount database 164a stores the back taper amount of the end mill 10 attached to the machining apparatus 100. For this reason, the amount of back taper and the amount of deflection of the end mill 10 when the end mill 10 is mounted on the processing apparatus 100 are taken into account in the back taper amount.

FIG. 14A is a graph showing the relationship between the number of processed pieces for each end mill 10 and the inclination of the processed surface 21 on the side surface side, and FIG. 14B is a view showing the processed number / processed surface inclination database 164b. The processed number / processed surface inclination database 164b is a database that stores data indicating the relationship between the processed number and the inclination of the processed surface 21 on the side surface side. As shown in FIG. 14 (b), the machining number / working surface inclination database 164b is prepared for each type of end mill, and for each back taper amount A, B,..., Machining number 0, 1,. , Inclinations A ₀ ,..., A _n , B ₀ ,..., B _n ,. Since the relationship between the number of processed pieces and the processed surface 21 on the side surface changes for each type of end mill 10 and back taper amount, the number of processed pieces / machined surface inclination database 164b stores data for each type of end mill 10 and back taper amount. ing.

  Returning to FIG. 12, the control unit 165 controls the entire operation of the NC device 160. The control unit 165 includes a processor including a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The control unit 165 operates based on the program stored in the storage unit 164 and determines the operation of the processing apparatus 100.

  The control unit 165 functionally includes a back taper amount calculation unit 165a, a machining number determination unit 165b, and a machining allowance correction unit 165c. The back taper amount calculation unit 165a and the back taper measurement unit 150 constitute a measuring unit that measures the back taper amount.

  The back taper amount calculation unit 165a calculates the back taper amount of the end mill 10 based on the measurement result regarding the back taper measured by the back taper measurement unit 150. Next, with reference to FIG. 15, the procedure in which the back taper amount calculation unit 165a calculates the back taper amount of the end mill will be described. FIG. 15 is an image in which the rotating end mill 10 is continuously photographed by the camera unit 152 and a plurality of photographed images of the end mill 10 are superimposed.

  First, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a extracts an edge in the superimposed image of the end mill 10. Next, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a searches for the lowest point of the edge. The lowest point of the edge of the end mill 10 in FIG. Next, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a searches for the leftmost point and the rightmost point at the edge. In FIG. 15, the leftmost point is point A, and the rightmost point is point B. Next, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a draws a horizontal line 1 extending in the horizontal direction from the point A that is the lowest point of the edge.

Next, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a draws the horizontal line 2 at a position away from the horizontal line 1 by a distance L. The distance L is the amount of cutting in the axial direction into the workpiece 20. The back taper amount calculation unit 165a sets a point C as an intersection between the horizontal line 2 and the left edge, and a point D as an intersection between the horizontal line 2 and the right edge. Next, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a doubles the longer one of the horizontal distance BT ₁ between the point A and the point C and the horizontal distance BT ₂ between the point B and the point D, The back taper amount of the end mill 10 is used. Finally, the back taper amount calculation unit 165a obtains the back taper amount every time the end mill 10 is mounted on the processing apparatus 100, and stores the obtained back taper amount in the back taper amount database 164a shown in FIG.

  Returning to FIG. 12, when the new end mill 10 is mounted on the machining apparatus 100, the machining quantity determination unit 165 b determines the maximum value α of the machining quantity to which the machining allowance correction should be applied. As shown in FIG. 10, when the perpendicularity of the processing surface 21 on the side surface is set to X or less, when the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface when the number of processing is 0 to Nth, is smaller than −X, The number-of-units determination unit 165b determines the maximum value α of the number of workpieces within a range that is 1 to 3 larger than N or a range that is approximately 10% larger than N. The reason why the maximum value α of the number of processed pieces is not set to the same value as N is to further reduce the possibility that the perpendicularity exceeds the specified value.

  The machining quantity determining unit 165b refers to the machining quantity / machined surface inclination database 164b shown in FIG. 14 to obtain the machining quantity N in which the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface is smaller than −X, and performs machining based on the machining quantity N. The maximum value α of the number is determined.

The machining allowance correction unit 165c is an example of a machining allowance correction unit that corrects the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 when the number of processed pieces is 0 to α. Further, the machining allowance correction unit 165c is also an example of a cutting resistance adjusting unit that adjusts the cutting resistance of the end mill 10. The machining allowance correction unit 165c refers to the machined number / machined surface inclination database 164b shown in FIG. 14B, obtains the inclination -X1 of the machined surface 21 on the side surface when the machined number is 0, and obtains the perpendicularity. The machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 when the number of workpieces is 0 to α is corrected from β ₁ to β ₂ so that X becomes X.

  The NC device 160 may be realized by a dedicated system or may be realized by using a small general purpose computer. The processing executed by the NC device 160 is realized by, for example, a device having the above-described physical configuration executing a program stored in the storage unit 164. The present invention may be realized as a program or a storage medium on which the program is recorded.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 16, the processing condition determination process according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing processing condition determination processing executed by the NC device 160 when a new end mill 10 is mounted on the processing device 100. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, as shown in FIG. 10, assuming that the back taper amount of the end mill 10 is A, the specified value of the perpendicularity is X, and the perpendicularity is the specified value X until the number of workpieces reaches N. An explanation will be given using an example of exceeding.

First, the control unit 165 reads the machining margin beta ₁ normal radial end mill 10 from the storage unit 164 (step S101). The normal radial machining allowance β ₁ is received from the user by the instruction receiving unit 161 before executing step S 101, and is stored in the storage unit 164 in advance.

  Next, the control unit 165 reads the prescribed value of squareness from the storage unit 164 (step S102). The specified value of the squareness is received from the user by the instruction receiving unit 161 before executing step S101, and is stored in advance in the storage unit 164.

  Next, the control unit 165 reads the product number of the end mill 10 attached to the processing apparatus 100 by the user from the storage unit 164 (step S103). The product number of the end mill 10 is received from the user by the instruction receiving unit 161 before executing step S <b> 101, and stored in advance in the storage unit 164.

  Next, the control unit 165 reads the back taper amount of the end mill 10 from the back taper amount database 164a (step S104). The back taper amount database 164a stores the back taper amount for each end mill 10 calculated by the back taper amount calculation unit 165a, and the control unit 165 returns the back taper amount based on the product number of the end mill 10 received in step S103. The back taper amount of the end mill 10 is read from the taper amount database 164a.

  Next, the machined number determination unit 165b determines the maximum value α of the machined numbers to which the correction of the machining allowance in the radial direction is applied based on the machined number / machined surface inclination database 164b (step S105). The machined quantity determination unit 165b refers to the machined quantity / machined surface inclination database 164b, so that the back taper amount A of the end mill 10 and the allowable range −X to + X of the machined surface 21 on the side surface are satisfied in the radial direction. The maximum value α of the number of machinings to which the machining cost correction is applied is determined. In order to reduce the possibility that the perpendicularity exceeds the specified value, the maximum value α of the number of workpieces may be determined in a range of 1 to 3 larger than N or in a range of about 10% larger than N.

Next, the machining allowance correction unit 165c corrects the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 when the number of machining operations is 0 to α (step S106). Radial machining margin beta ₂ after correction is calculated with reference to the processing volume and the processing surface tilt database 164b. The machining condition determination process is completed by the above steps.

After the machining condition determination process is completed, the machining apparatus 100 moves the end mill 10 along a movement path that realizes the machining allowance obtained in the machining condition determination process, and executes a cutting process on the workpiece 20. Processing apparatus 100, if the number of processed units 0～Arufa, processed in the machining allowance beta ₂ in the radial direction after the correction, when the processing number is greater than α, the processing in the normal radial direction of the machining margin beta ₁ . Since the processing apparatus 100 can perform processing with micron-order accuracy, it can process a member that requires precise processing, such as a scroll provided in a scroll compressor. For example, the processing apparatus 100 can form a part having a wall height such as a scroll spiral body and having an end mill diameter that cannot be increased by involute processing.

As described above, in the processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, the radial direction of the processing margin beta ₂ processing initial end mill 10, is greater than the radial machining margin beta ₁ of the end mill 10 after initial wear Control means are provided. For this reason, since the amount of collapse of the processing surface 21 on the side surface after the initial wear can be reduced, the processing accuracy and tool life of the processing apparatus 100 can be improved as a result.

  The processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment does not include a mechanism for controlling the inclination of the main shaft 120, so that the cost can be reduced. Moreover, since it is not necessary to process the workpiece 20 in a plurality of times, the time required for processing can be reduced.

  The processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment includes means for measuring the back taper amount of the end mill 10 with the end mill 10 mounted on the main shaft 120. For this reason, since the back taper amount can be measured in consideration of the amount of tilt and deflection of the end mill 10 due to the attachment of the end mill 10 to the main shaft 120, the machining accuracy and tool life can be improved.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, a processing apparatus 200 and a processing method according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the first embodiment, the cutting resistance is adjusted by correcting the machining allowance of the end mill 10 in the radial direction. However, the cutting resistance may be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the end mill 10. Since the basic configuration of the processing apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, the following description will focus on the differences between the two.

  Usually, the cutting resistance of the end mill 10 is proportional to the cutting amount of the workpiece 20 and the wear amount of the end mill 10. However, in a region where the machining allowance in the radial direction is particularly small, the cutting resistance of the end mill 10 is almost dependent on the amount of friction. Therefore, even if the machining allowance in the radial direction is changed, the cutting resistance hardly changes. Further, when the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is larger than the specified value of the dimensional accuracy of the end mill 10, the workpiece does not satisfy the dimensional accuracy. For this reason, the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 cannot be increased beyond a specified value of dimensional accuracy.

  FIG. 17A is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the end mill 10 and the cutting force, and FIG. 17B is a diagram showing the rotational speed / cutting force database 164c. When the rotational speed of the end mill 10 is increased, the cutting surface temperature increases with an increase in the cutting speed, so that the cutting resistance is reduced. Therefore, when the machining apparatus 200 determines that the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 cannot be adjusted, the cutting resistance is adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the end mill 10.

As shown in FIG. 17B, the rotation speed / cutting force database 164c is prepared for each type of the end mill 10, and the back taper amounts A, B,..., The rotation speeds R ₀ , ..., R _n , S ₀ , ..., for each _{S n,} cutting resistance _{D 0, ..., D n,} E 0, ..., and stores _{E n,} ... a. Since the relationship between the rotational speed and the cutting resistance changes for each type of end mill 10 and back taper amount, the rotational speed / cutting force database 164c stores data for each type of end mill 10 and back taper amount.

  FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the machining apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment. The NC device 160 further includes a rotation speed / cutting force database 164 c and a rotation speed changing unit 165 d that changes the rotation speed of the end mill 10. The rotation speed changing unit 165d is an example of a rotation speed changing unit, and refers to the rotation speed / cutting resistance database 164c to change the rotation speed of the end mill 10 to realize an appropriate cutting resistance at the time of initial machining. The rotation speed changing unit 165d is also an example of a cutting force adjusting unit that adjusts the cutting force of the end mill 10.

  For example, if the current rotational speed of the end mill 10 is 5000 rpm, the back taper amount A is 10 μm, the inclination −X1 of the side surface 21 is −8 μm, and the corrected side surface 21 of the processing surface 21 is −X is −5 μm. The cutting resistance in the initial machining needs to be {(10−5) ÷ (10−8)} = 2.5 times that after the initial machining. Therefore, referring to FIG. 17A, the rotational speed at which the cutting resistance becomes 2.5 times is 1000 rpm, and therefore the initial rotational speed may be changed from 5000 rpm to 1000 rpm.

  FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing processing condition determination processing according to the second embodiment. Since steps S201 to S206 are common to steps S101 to S106, the description thereof will be omitted below.

After step S206, control unit 165 determines whether machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction of the end mill 10 is greater than the allowable value (step S207). The allowable value is a value determined by the user in accordance with a specified value of the dimensional accuracy of the end mill 10, a characteristic of cutting resistance, and the like. If radial machining margin beta ₂ of the end mill 10 is greater than the allowable value (step S207; YES), machining margin correction unit 165c cancels the correction process in the radial direction of the processing margin, the machining allowance in the radial direction beta ₂ from back to beta ₁ (step S208). If radial machining margin beta ₂ of the end mill 10 is not greater than the allowable value (step S207; NO), it ends the processing condition determination process.

  Next, the rotation speed changing unit 165d changes the rotation speed of the end mill 10 (step S209). More specifically, the rotation speed changing unit 165d refers to the rotation speed / cutting resistance database 164c of FIG. 17B, and converts the rotation speed of the end mill 10 to a cutting resistance that realizes an appropriate amount of tilting of the end mill 10. Change to the corresponding rotation speed. The machining condition determination process is completed by the above steps.

  As described above, the machining apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment includes the rotation speed changing unit 165d that changes the rotation speed of the end mill 10 according to the back taper amount of the end mill 10 and the number of machines. For this reason, even when the machining allowance in the radial direction cannot be corrected, the amount of tilting of the machined surface 21 on the side surface after the initial wear can be reduced by changing the rotation speed of the end mill 10. Accuracy and tool life can be improved.

(Embodiment 3)
With reference to FIGS. 20-22, the processing equipment and processing method which concern on Embodiment 3 of this invention are demonstrated. Unlike the processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, when the pre-processing end mill is used for pre-processing before finishing using the finishing end mill, the processing allowance in the radial direction of the pre-processing end mill is set according to the number of processing. It may be corrected. Since the basic configuration of the processing apparatus according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, the following description will focus on the differences between the two.

  Conventionally, the radial machining allowance in the pre-processing has been set smaller than the radial machining allowance in the finishing process. Since the machining allowance in the radial direction in the finishing process is small, the cutting resistance during the finishing process is reduced, and as a result, the inclination of the processed surface 21 on the side surface in the finishing process is increased in the negative direction. Therefore, in the third embodiment, in order to increase the cutting resistance of the end mill 10 at the time of finishing, the machining allowance in the radial direction in the pre-machining is set larger than in the past.

  20A shows a state in which the workpiece 20 is pre-processed by the pre-processing end mill 10a, FIG. 20B shows a state in which the work 20 is finished by the finishing end mill 10b, and FIG. 20C shows a workpiece in which the finishing processing has been completed. FIG. By reducing the radial machining allowance in the pre-processing, the radial machining allowance in the finishing process is increased. When the machining allowance in the radial direction in the finishing process is increased, the cutting resistance increases, so that the amount of collapse of the finishing end mill 10b increases. As a result, the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side in the finishing process increases in the positive direction, so that the inclination of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side can be suppressed.

  21A shows the relationship between the machining algebra and the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface, FIG. 21B shows the relationship between the machining algebra and the machining margin of the previous machining, and FIG. 21C shows the machining algebra and the finishing. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the machining allowance of a process. In the initial stage of machining when the perpendicularity exceeds the specified value, the machining allowance correction unit 165c reduces the machining allowance in the pre-process as shown in FIG. 21 (b), thereby finishing as shown in FIG. 21 (c). The machining allowance in the radial direction can be increased, and the amount of collapse of the finishing mill 10b at the initial stage of machining can be increased. The machining allowance in the radial direction at the time of finishing is, for example, 0.05 mm for an iron-based material and 0.1 mm for an aluminum-based material.

  The back taper amount of the pre-processed end mill 10a is preferably larger than the back taper amount of the finishing end mill 10b. The outer diameter on the lower side of the outer peripheral blade 13 of the finishing end mill 10b is preferably 2 μm or more larger than the outer diameter on the upper side of the outer peripheral blade 13, and more preferably about 10 μm. Further, the outer diameter of the lower end of the outer peripheral blade 13 of the pre-processed end mill 10a is preferably at least 2 μm or more, and more preferably 10 to 50 μm larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the outer peripheral blade 13.

  With reference to FIG. 22, the process condition determination process which NC apparatus 160 performs is demonstrated. FIG. 22 is a flowchart of processing condition determination processing according to the third embodiment. Steps S301 to S305 are the same processes as steps S101 to S105, and thus description thereof is omitted.

After step S305 is completed, the machining allowance correction unit 165c corrects the machining allowance in the radial direction of the pre-processed end mill 10a (step S306). Hereinafter, a method for calculating the machining allowance γ ₂ in the radial direction of the pre-processed end mill 10a after correction will be described.

As described in the first embodiment, machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction of the finishing end mill 10b after correction, when the machining margin in the radial direction of the finishing end mill 10b and the beta _1, described in equation Is done.
β ₂ = β ₁ × {(A−X) ÷ (A−X1)}
Further, the machining allowance γ _{1 in} the radial direction of the pre-processed end mill 10a, the machining allowance γ _{2 in} the radial direction of the pre-processed end mill 10a after correction, the machining allowance β _{1 in} the radial direction of the finish machining end mill 10b, and the finished machining end mill after correction. radial machining margin beta ₂ and 10b satisfies the following expression.
β ₂ = β ₁ + (γ ₂ −γ ₁ )
Therefore, the machining allowance γ _{2 in} the radial direction of the pre-processed end mill 10a after correction is expressed by the following equation.
γ ₂ = γ ₁ + β ₁ {1− (A−X) ÷ (A−X1)}

For example, 50 [mu] m in the radial direction of the machining margin beta ₁ finishing, pre-processing diameter direction of the machining margin gamma ₁ to 500μm, the back taper amount (diameter) 10 [mu] m to A, the side surface inclination -X1 working surface 21 - When the inclination -X of the processing surface 21 on the side surface side after correction is 8 μm and −X is −5 μm, the processing allowance γ _{2 in} the radial direction of the pre-processing end mill 10 a after correction is calculated as follows.
γ = 500 + 50 × {1− (10−5) ÷ (10−8)} = 425 μm

  As described above, the third embodiment includes the machining allowance correction unit 165c that corrects the machining allowance in the radial direction in the pre-machining at the initial stage of machining. For this reason, since the back taper amount of the finish machining end mill 10b can be increased, machining accuracy and tool life can be improved. In addition, since the machining allowance of the finishing process can be adjusted in the pre-processing, the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece after the finishing process can be maintained.

  In the third embodiment, a pre-processed end mill 10a with a back taper is used. For this reason, since the fall amount of the pre-processing end mill 10a can be suppressed, the processing accuracy and tool life of the processing apparatus 100 can be improved.

(Embodiment 4)
With reference to FIG. 23, the processing apparatus and the processing method which concern on Embodiment 4 of this invention are demonstrated. When machining a part with a different radius of curvature of the workpiece 20 as in the machining apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, pre-processing is performed so that the machining load of the finishing process is approximately the same even at a location where the radius of curvature of the workpiece 20 is different. The machining allowance may be adjusted. Since the basic configuration of the processing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, the following description will focus on the differences between the two.

  When the outside machining site OD and the inside machining site ID are machined with the same machining allowance, the cutting site P-ID cut at the inside machining site ID is the cut cut at the outside machining site OD. It becomes larger than the location P-OD. For this reason, when machining the inner machining part ID, the cutting resistance becomes larger than when the outer machining part OD is machined, and the end mill 10 falls more. Therefore, the machining allowance is corrected so that the end mill 10 is tilted at the same amount at the outer machining site OD and the inner machining site ID.

  FIG. 23 is a plan view showing a state in which the work 20 having wall surfaces with different curvatures is finished by the end mill 10. The machining allowance correction unit 165c determines the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 when machining the outer machining area OD in the finishing process so that the cutting spot P-OD has the same volume as the cutting spot P-ID. The inner machining region ID is corrected to be larger than the radial machining allowance, and the pre-machining allowance is corrected in accordance with this correction. As a result, the end mill 10 is tilted in the same way for the outer diameter and the inner diameter during the finishing process, so that the processing accuracy of the processing apparatus 100 is improved. In order to make the cutting location P-OD and the cutting location P-ID have the same volume, the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 may be reduced when machining the inside of the workpiece 20.

  As described above, in the machining apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, when machining a portion having a different curvature radius of the workpiece, a portion in which a radial machining allowance when machining a portion having a large curvature radius is small has a small curvature radius. Is provided with a machining allowance correction unit 165c that corrects the machining allowance larger than the machining allowance in the radial direction at the time of machining. For this reason, machining accuracy and tool life can be improved.

  And this invention is not restricted to this, The deformation | transformation described below is also possible.

(Modification)
In the above embodiment, the table 110 and the main shaft 120 are configured to be movable relative to each other in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the moving direction in which the table 110 and the main shaft 120 can move relative to each other may be a biaxial direction or four or more axes.

  In the above embodiment, the back taper measuring unit 150 including the light emitting unit 151 and the camera unit 152 is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the back taper of the end mill 10 may be measured using a reflective laser or a contact sensor as the back taper measuring unit 150.

In the above embodiment, based on the relationship between the inclination of the working volume and the side of the working surface 21, but had sought machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction after the correction, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, based on the relationship between the inclination of the working length and side of the working surface 21, it may be determined machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction after the correction. Further, the wear of the tool may be observed by measurement with a microscope or the like, and the machining allowance in the radial direction may be changed according to the amount of wear. In order to detect tool wear, measurement of cutting resistance, measurement of spindle power, measurement of sound, measurement of vibration, and the like may be performed in addition to measurement using a microscope.

In the above embodiment, the corrected machining allowance β _{2 in} the radial direction is calculated based on the formula β ₂ = β ₁ × {(A−X) ÷ (A−X1)}. The present invention is not limited to this. For example, in order to potentially further reduce the perpendicularity exceeds a specified value, tolerance in the range machining margin beta ₂ to 5 to 15% of the radial direction after the correction, more preferably plus 10% tolerance May be.

  In the above embodiment, the machining allowance correction unit 165c increases the machining allowance in the radial direction according to the number of machining operations, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the latter stage of machining, the machining allowance in the radial direction may be reduced according to the number of machines to be machined. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 24, the machining allowance correction unit 165c reduces the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 in the range of the number of machining operations Z to Z ′ in which the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface side increases. To do. Thereby, the tool life of the end mill 10 can be further extended from Z to Z ′.

In the above embodiment, machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction after the correction has been determined based on the inclination -X1 the side of the working surface 21 when the processing number is 0, the present invention is limited thereto I can't. For example, machining margin correction unit 165c, based on the cutting resistance of the end mill 10, it is possible to calculate the machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction after the correction. FIG. 25A is a graph showing the relationship between the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 and the cutting resistance, and FIG. 25B is a machining allowance / cutting resistance database created based on the graph of FIG. It is. As can be understood from FIG. 25 (a), the machining allowance in the radial direction of the end mill 10 and the cutting resistance are generally proportional, but not completely proportional. Therefore, machining margin correction unit 165c refers to the machining margin-cutting resistance database, the machining margin beta ₂ in the radial direction after the correction can be calculated more accurately.

  In the above embodiment, various data such as the prescribed value of the squareness and the back taper amount of the end mill 10 are stored in the storage unit 164, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, all or part of the prescribed value of squareness and the back taper amount of the end mill 10 can be communicated with a storage medium readable from the instruction receiving unit 161 or the communication unit 163 via a LAN (Local Area Network). May be stored in a simple server, an external terminal, or a computer.

  In the above embodiment, the machining condition determination process is executed by the NC device 160, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the processing condition determination process may be executed by a server or an external terminal that is communicably connected to the processing apparatus 100 via a wired or wireless communication circuit.

  In the above embodiment, the control unit 165 operates based on the program stored in the storage unit 164, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a functional configuration realized by a program may be realized by hardware.

  In the third embodiment, the pre-processing is performed immediately before finishing, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the pre-processing may be a step two or more times before the finishing processing.

  In the third embodiment, the pre-processing is cutting, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the pre-processing may be a step of forming the shape of the workpiece 20, or the shape of the workpiece 20 may be molded so as to adjust the finishing machining allowance in the radial direction in advance.

  In the fourth embodiment, the pre-processing end mill 10a and the finishing end mill 10b are both back-tapered, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the back-end taper may not be attached to the pre-processed end mill 10a. Further, the pre-processing end mill 10a and the finishing end mill 10b may be the same end mill.

  In the said embodiment, although the end mill 10 was used as a tool, this invention is not limited to this. For example, you may apply to the grindstone etc. which grind on the outer peripheral surface of a major axis direction like a grindstone with a shaft.

  In the above embodiment, the description has been made on the assumption that the rigidity of the end mill 10 and the main shaft 120, the material of the workpiece 20, the length of the outer peripheral blade 13 of the end mill 10 and the like are constant, but the rigidity of the end mill 10 and the main shaft 120, Needless to say, when the material of the workpiece 20 and the length of the outer peripheral blade 13 of the end mill 10 are different, the relationship between the number of workpieces and the inclination of the machining surface 21 on the side surface side of the workpiece 20 is affected.

  Therefore, a table corresponding to the machining number / machined surface inclination database 164b is previously stored for each combination of parameters to be considered among the rigidity of the end mill 10 and the spindle 120, the material of the workpiece 20, the length of the outer peripheral blade 13 of the end mill 10, and the like. The processing number determination unit 165b may determine the maximum value α of the processing number with reference to the table. For example, if the rigidity of the main shaft 120 and the material of the workpiece 20 are taken into consideration, the number of machining surfaces and the machining surface inclination database 164b correspond to the combination of the back taper amount of the end mill 10, the rigidity of the main shaft 120, and the material of the workpiece 20. A table to be processed may be created to determine the maximum value α of the number of machines.

  The above-described embodiments are exemplifications, and the present invention is not limited to these. Various embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention described in the claims. The components described in each embodiment and modification can be freely combined. Further, inventions equivalent to the inventions described in the claims are also included in the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... End mill, 10a ... Pre-processing end mill, 10b ... Finishing end mill, 11 ... Shank part, 12 ... Blade part, 13 ... Peripheral blade, 14 ... Bottom blade, 20 ... Workpiece, 21 ... Work surface of side surface side, 22 ... Processing surface on the bottom side, 100, 200 ... Processing device, 110 ... Table, 120 ... Main shaft, 121 ... Holder, 130 ... Main shaft motor, 131 ... Servo amplifier for main shaft, 140 ... Moving mechanism section, 141 ... X-axis moving mechanism 141a ... X-axis guide, 141b ... X-axis motor, 141c ... X-axis servo amplifier, 142 ... Y-axis moving mechanism, 142a ... Y-axis guide, 142b ... Y-axis motor, 142c ... Y-axis servo Boamp, 143 ... Z-axis moving mechanism, 143a ... Z-axis guide, 143b ... Z-axis motor, 143c ... Z-axis servo amplifier, 150 ... Back taper measuring section, 151 ... Light emitting section 152 ... Camera unit, 160 ... NC device, 161 ... Instruction receiving unit, 162 ... Display unit, 163 ... Communication unit, 164 ... Storage unit, 164a ... Back taper amount database, 164b ... Processing number / machined surface inclination database, 164c ... rpm cutting resistance database, 165 ... control unit, 165a ... back taper amount calculating unit, 165b ... processing number determining portion, 165c ... machining margin correcting unit, 165d ... rotational speed changing _unit, BT 1, BT _2, L ... distance , D ₁ , d ₂ ... diameter, ID ... inner machining site, OD ... outer machining site, P-ID, P-OD ... cutting site, β ₁ , β ₂ , γ ₁ , γ ₂ ... radial machining Generation

Claims (11)

An outer peripheral blade for cutting a workpiece is formed, and a tool with a back taper attached to the outer peripheral blade;
A spindle on which the tool is detachably mounted and capable of rotating the tool around an axis;
Cutting force adjusting means for adjusting the cutting resistance of the tool when initial wear occurs based on the back taper amount and the wear amount of the tool;
A processing apparatus comprising: The cutting force adjusting means includes machining allowance correcting means for correcting a machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool based on the back taper amount and the wear amount of the tool.
The processing apparatus according to claim 1. The machining allowance correction means makes the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool when initial wear occurs larger than the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool after the end of initial wear.
The processing apparatus according to claim 2. The machining allowance correction means, when performing pre-machining and finishing on the same part of the workpiece, based on the back taper amount and wear amount of the tool used for finishing machining, the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool used for pre-machining. Correct,
The processing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3. The machining allowance correction means, when machining a portion with a different curvature radius of the workpiece, the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool when machining a portion with a large curvature radius, Larger than the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool,
The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4. Based on the machining allowance in the radial direction of the tool corrected by the machining allowance correcting means, involute machining of the scroll is performed.
The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5. The cutting force adjusting means includes rotation speed changing means for changing the rotation speed of the spindle based on the back taper amount and the wear amount of the tool.
The processing apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 6. The rotational speed changing means makes the rotational speed of the tool when initial wear occurs smaller than the rotational speed of the tool after the end of initial wear,
The processing apparatus according to claim 7. The cutting force adjusting means adjusts the cutting resistance of the tool at the time of initial wear so that the machining surface formed on the side surface of the workpiece satisfies a specified squareness.
The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Measuring means for measuring the back taper amount of the tool,
The cutting force adjusting means corrects the cutting resistance of the tool based on the back taper amount measured by the measuring means.
The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9. Mounting a tool with a back taper on the spindle of the processing apparatus;
Measuring a back taper amount of the tool;
Adjusting the cutting force of the tool based on the measured back taper amount and wear amount of the tool;
A processing method including:

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