JP2017539074A - Thermoelectric power generation unit and method for producing and using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermoelectric generator unit includes a hot side heat exchanger (HHX) that includes one or more separate conduits and substantially flat first and second cold side plates. The first plurality of thermoelectric elements is between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the HHX; and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements are the second low temperature side plate and the HHX It can be between the second side. A plurality of fasteners may extend between the first and second cold side plates at locations outside the plurality of HHX conduits. The plurality of fixtures are disposed within a plurality of gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first plurality and within a plurality of gaps between the second plurality of thermoelectric elements. obtain. The plurality of fixtures may include the first plurality of thermoelectric elements on the first low temperature side plate and the first side portion of the HHX, and the second low temperature side plate and the second side of the HHX. The second plurality of thermoelectric elements may be provided between the side portions.

Description

(Cross-reference to related applications)
This application is a US provisional application No. 62 / 059,084 filed Oct. 2, 2014 (the title of the invention “THERMOELECTRIC GENERATING UNIT AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME”), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. ) Claim the benefit.

  This application is a US provisional application 62 / 059,092 filed October 2, 2014 (the title of the invention “THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS FOR RECOVERING WASTE HEAT FROM ENGINE EXHAUST, AND”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Claim the interests of METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME.

  This application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, the PCT patent application (TBA) filed on the same day as this application (name of invention “THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS FOR RECOVERING WASTE HEAT FROM ENGINE EXHAUST, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME ”).

  The present application relates to a thermoelectric power generation unit. It will be appreciated that the present invention has a very wide range of applications.

Thermoelectric (TE) elements are often packaged using a plurality of thermoelectric legs arranged in a plurality of series chain arrangements relative to the base structure. Each of the plurality of thermoelectric legs may include a p-type thermoelectric material or an n-type thermoelectric material that may be characterized by high electrical conductivity and relatively high thermal resistance. One or more p-type TE legs are connected in series in a chain-like or electrically series thermally parallel or electrically parallel thermally parallel arrangement with conductors from each direction. Through and paired with one or more n-type TE legs.
One conductor is coupled to the end of the TE leg and the other conductor is coupled to the other end of the TE leg.
When a bias voltage is applied to the entire upper / lower region of the thermoelectric element using two conductors as two electrodes, the temperature difference is such that the thermoelectric element connected to the low temperature side of the connection is a cooling (eg Peltier) device Generated to be used. When the thermoelectric element receives a thermal connection with the conductor in the first end region of the TE leg and the conductor in the second end region of the TE leg in contact with the high temperature side of the connection, the thermoelectric element converts energy As a (eg Xebec) element, a potential can be generated across the entire connection.

The energy conversion efficiency can be measured by the so-called thermoelectric density, or “thermoelectric figure of merit” ZT. ZT is equal to TS ² σ / k. Here, S is the Zeebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric material, σ is the conductivity of the thermoelectric material, and k is the heat conductivity of the thermoelectric material. Searching for high performance thermoelectric materials and developing low cost manufacturing processes is of primary interest in order to even increase the ZT value of thermoelectric elements that utilize the Xebec effect. However, new material combinations and new environmental requirements have revealed the need for improved techniques for packaging thermoelectric elements.

  The present invention relates to a thermoelectric power generation unit. It will be appreciated that the present invention has a very wide range of applications.

  According to one aspect, a thermoelectric power generation unit includes a first side, a second side, and one or more separate conduits, a high temperature side heat exchanger; a substantially flat first low temperature A side plate; and a substantially flat second cold side plate. The thermoelectric power generation unit includes a first plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged between the first side portion of the high temperature side heat exchanger and the first low temperature side plate; and the high temperature side heat exchange. A second plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged between the second side of the vessel and the second cold side plate. The thermoelectric generator unit extends between the first low temperature side plate and the second low temperature side plate at each of the positions outside the one or more separate conduits of the high temperature side heat exchanger. A plurality of fasteners. The plurality of fixtures includes a plurality of gaps within a plurality of gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first plurality and between a plurality of the thermoelectric elements of the second plurality. It can be arranged within a range. The plurality of fixtures press the first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first side of the high temperature heat exchanger and the first low temperature side plate, and the high temperature side heat exchange. The second plurality of thermoelectric elements may be pressed between the second side of the vessel and the second low temperature side plate.

  In some embodiments, a first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is disposed in the center, and a second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is disposed around the periphery. Has been placed. A first subset of the plurality of fixtures may apply a first force to the first subset of the plurality of first thermoelectric elements. A second subset of the plurality of fixtures may apply a second force to the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. The first force may be greater than the second force. For example, the first force is about 1.5 times the second force. In some embodiments, a third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements includes the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. Among these, it is arranged between the third subset. A third subset of the plurality of fixtures may apply a third force to the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. In some embodiments, the first force is about 1.5 times the third force, and the first force is about three times the second force. In some embodiments, the first force is about 11-13 kN, the third force is about 7-9 kN, and the second force is about 3-5 kN.

  In some embodiments, each of the fixtures includes a bolt or screw nail; and a spring, a Belleville washer or a spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw nail. In some embodiments, the first subset of the plurality of fasteners is disposed along the bolt or screw nail more than the second subset of the plurality of fasteners. Includes a Belleville washer or a spring washer.

  In some embodiments, the first plurality of thermoelectric elements are arranged in a plurality of columns and rows between the first cold side plate and the first hot side exchanger, In some embodiments, each fixture is disposed in a gap between the plurality of columns and rows, and in each of the four thermoelectric elements of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the second Four fixing devices are included for every four thermoelectric elements among the plurality of thermoelectric elements.

  In some embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger may further include a plurality of fins disposed within each of the one or more separate conduits. In some embodiments, the plurality of fins include stainless steel, nickel-plated copper, or copper coated with stainless steel. In some embodiments, the density of the plurality of fins within each of the one or more separate conduits is at least 12 fins per inch.

  In some embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger includes at least one threaded rod configured to hermetically connect the hot side heat exchanger to a pipe flange.

  In some embodiments, the first cold side plate further includes a plurality of pin fins, a plurality of linear fins or offset fins. In some embodiments, the plurality of pin fins are arranged in a row or twisted arrangement.

  In some embodiments, the plurality of thermoelectric elements are disposed on a circuit board.

  In some embodiments, the first plurality of thermoelectric elements includes a thermoelectric material, wherein the thermoelectric material is tetrahedral copper ore, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannic silicide, silicon, silicon nanowires, bismuth telluride, It is selected from the group consisting of skutterudite, lead telluride, TAGS (tellurium-antimony-germanium-silver), zinc antimonide, silicon germanium, and semi-Heusler compounds.

  In some embodiments, at least one of the first cold side plate and the second cold side plate includes a high efficiency cold side heat exchanger; the high temperature side heat exchanger is highly efficient. Includes hot side heat exchanger.

  In some embodiments, the first cold side plate includes an inlet for coolant inflow and an outlet for coolant outflow, the inlet and the outlet being the same side of the first cold side plate with respect to each other. It is above.

Some embodiments include a Kapton film disposed between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A Kapton film disposed between the first low temperature side plate and at least one of the first thermoelectric elements; the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger; and the first thermoelectric element. A mica sheet disposed between at least one of the plurality of thermoelectric elements; at least one of the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements A graphite sheet disposed between the thermoelectric elements; a gap pad disposed between the first low temperature side plate and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; and At least one of the anodized layers disposed between the first low temperature side plate and at least one of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is included.

  In accordance with another aspect, a method of assembling a thermoelectric power generation unit provides a hot side heat exchanger that includes a first side, a second side, and one or more separate conduits; Providing a substantially flat first cold side plate; and providing a substantially flat second cold side plate. The method includes arranging a first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger; and the second low temperature side plate and the above Arranging a second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the second side of the high temperature side heat exchanger may be included. The method is also outside the one or more separate conduits of the hot side heat exchanger, within a gap between a plurality of the thermoelectric elements of the first plurality, and the method A plurality of positions extending between the first low temperature side plate and the second low temperature side plate at each of a plurality of positions within a gap between the plurality of thermoelectric elements among the second plurality. Placing a fixture may include. The method also includes the first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger, and the second low temperature side plate and the heat exchanger. The second plurality of thermoelectric elements may be pressed against the second side portion by the plurality of fixtures.

  In some embodiments, the method includes centering a first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; surrounding a second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; Applying a first force to the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements using a first subset of the plurality of fixtures; and a plurality of The method may further include applying a second force to the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements using a second subset of the fixture. The first force is greater than the second force. For example, the first force is about 1.5 times the third force. In some embodiments, the method is between the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, Disposing a third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; and using the third subset of the plurality of fixtures, the third of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. The method further includes applying a third force to the subset. The third force is larger than the first force and smaller than the second force. In some embodiments, the first force is about 1.5 times the third force and the first force is about three times the second force. In some embodiments, the first force is about 11-13 kN, the third force is about 7-9 kN, and the second force is about 3-5 kN.

  In some embodiments, each fixture includes a bolt or screw nail; and a spring, Belleville washer or spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw nail. In some embodiments, the first subset of the plurality of fasteners is disposed along the bolt or screw nail more than the second subset of the plurality of fasteners. Includes a Belleville washer or a spring washer.

  In some embodiments, the method includes: arranging the first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first cold side plate and the first side of the hot side heat exchanger; Further comprising: arranging the plurality of fixtures within a plurality of gaps between the plurality of columns and rows, respectively. In some embodiments, including four fixtures for every four thermoelectric elements.

  In some embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger further includes a plurality of fins disposed within each of the one or more separate conduits. In some embodiments, the fin comprises stainless steel, nickel-plated copper, or copper coated with stainless steel. In some embodiments, the density of the plurality of fins within each of the one or more separate conduits is at least 12 fins per inch.

  In some embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger includes at least one threaded rod, and the method seals the hot side heat exchanger to a pipe flange via the at least one threaded rod. And further connecting.

  In some embodiments, the first cold side plate further includes a plurality of pin fins, a plurality of linear fins or offset fins. In some embodiments, a plurality of the pin fins are arranged in a row or twisted arrangement.

  In some embodiments, the method further includes disposing the first plurality of thermoelectric elements on a circuit board.

  In some embodiments, the first plurality of thermoelectric elements includes a thermoelectric material, wherein the thermoelectric material is tetrahedral copper ore, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannate, silicon, silicon nanowire, bismuth telluride. , Skutterudite, lead telluride, TAGS (tellurium-antimony-germanium-silver), zinc antimonide, silicon germanium, and semi-Heusler compounds.

  In some embodiments, at least one of the first low temperature side plate and the second low temperature side plate includes a high efficiency low temperature side heat exchanger; the high temperature side heat exchanger is a high efficiency high temperature Includes side heat exchanger.

  In some embodiments, the first cold side plate includes an inlet for coolant inflow and an outlet for coolant outflow, the inlet and the outlet being the same side of the first cold side plate with respect to each other. It is above.

  In some embodiments, a Kapton film is disposed between at least one thermoelectric element of the first low temperature side plate and the first thermoelectric element; the first low temperature side plate and the first thermoelectric element. Disposing a Kapton film between at least one thermoelectric element of the elements; the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger; and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; A mica sheet is disposed between the first side portion of the high-temperature side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. Disposing a gap pad between the first low temperature side plate and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; and the first low temperature side plate and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. During at least one of the thermoelectric elements contains at least one of placing the anode layer.

FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 1D is a diagram illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 1E is a diagram illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 1F is a diagram illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 1G is a diagram showing an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units according to some embodiments. FIG. 2A is a thermoelectric assembly for use in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A-1G and shows an overview of a specific example of a thermoelectric assembly according to some embodiments. FIG. 2B is a thermoelectric assembly for use in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A-1G and shows an overview of a specific example of a thermoelectric assembly according to some embodiments. FIG. 2C is a thermoelectric assembly for use in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A-1G and shows an overview of an example of a thermoelectric assembly according to some embodiments. FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific arrangement of the fixtures used in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G according to some embodiments. FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of a specific arrangement of fixtures used in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G according to some embodiments. FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific arrangement of the fixtures used in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G according to some embodiments. FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a non-limiting example of the arrangement of fixtures used in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. FIG. 4B is a non-limiting example of a pressure distribution that can be obtained using the fixture arrangement shown in FIG. 4A. FIG. 5 is a graph showing output power according to the exhaust flow rate of the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G and showing specific examples of output power according to some embodiments. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pressure drop of the power supply module according to the exhaust flow rate of the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. It is. It is the figure which showed the step in the concrete method of preparing a thermoelectric power generation unit.

  The present application is directed to a thermoelectric power generation unit. It should be understood that the present invention has a wider range of applicability.

  For example, an embodiment of a thermoelectric generator unit according to the present invention includes a central high temperature side heat exchanger that can be configured to receive a fluid carrying exhaust heat, such as engine exhaust, and either of the high temperature side heat exchangers. A plurality of thermoelectric elements provided in a sandwich type arrangement including two low-temperature side plates arranged on the side portions may be included. Some thermoelectric elements may be placed between one side of the hot side heat exchanger and one of the cold side plates. Some thermoelectric elements may also be placed between the other side of the hot side heat exchanger and the other cold side plate. While preventing leakage of fluid carrying the exhaust heat, multiple fixtures are provided in the sandwich to provide sufficient thermal contact between the temperature controlled thermoelectric elements, the hot side heat exchanger, and the respective cold side plates. Pressure can be applied to the mold array. For example, the hot side heat exchanger may include one or more separate conduits. For example, the hot side heat exchanger includes multiple separate conduits through which fluid carrying exhaust heat can flow. For example, the fixture may be arranged outside the one or more separate conduits in the gap between the conduits to reduce the possibility of fluid leaking from the hot side heat exchanger in the thermoelectric generator unit. . In addition to or in place of the above, the fixture may be disposed within the gap between the thermoelectric elements. The cold side plate may be substantially flat so that the pressure exerted on the thermoelectric element by the fixture can be relatively uniform across the temperature control portion of the thermoelectric power generation unit.

  1A to 1G are diagrams illustrating an overview of specific examples of thermoelectric power generation units (TGUs) according to some embodiments. A non-limiting embodiment of the TGU 100 shown in FIGS. 1A-1G includes a first cold side plate 110, a high temperature side heat exchanger 120, a second cold side plate 130, a first thermoelectric assembly 160, a second thermoelectric. An assembly 170 and a plurality of fasteners 111 are included. As seen in FIG. 1C, the first thermoelectric assembly 160 may be disposed between the first cold side plate 110 and the first side 126 of the hot side heat exchanger 120. Also, as seen in FIG. 1C, the second thermoelectric assembly 170 can be disposed between the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and the second side of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120. The fixture 111 has holes formed through the first low temperature side plate 110, the high temperature side heat exchanger 120, the second low temperature side plate 130, the first thermoelectric assembly 160, and the second thermoelectric assembly 170. Can be installed through. The fixture 111 also ensures that the TGU as a whole is maintained in sufficient thermal contact between the components under varying conditions of control so that the components of the TGU can cause different thermal expansions. Provide appropriate force and pressure distribution.

In some embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger 120 may be configured to receive a first side 126, a second side 127, and a fluid carrying exhaust heat, such as exhaust from an engine 1. One or more separate conduits (separation conduits) 121 are included. For example, each of the one or more separation conduits 121 may include a fluid inlet 123 and a fluid outlet 128 and a lumen that fluidly connects the inlet 123 and the outlet 128 to each other. The lumen may be formed to extract heat from the fluid passing through the lumen, for example, in the direction indicated by arrow 112 shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1G. For example, in some embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger 120 may further include fins disposed within the respective lumens of the one or more separation conduits 121. As illustrated, the fins may include, for example, stainless steel, nickel plated copper. Any number of fins suitable for extracting heat from the fluid through one or more separation conduits 121, the density with which the fins are provided, and an array of fins may be provided. For example, in some embodiments, fins are provided at a rate of at least 12 per inch within each of the one or more separation conduits. In certain illustrated embodiments, the hot side heat exchanger includes a high efficiency hot side heat exchanger. As used herein, the term “high efficiency high temperature side heat exchanger” has the characteristic that the thermal resistance is less than about 0.0015 m ² K / W (eg, the thermal resistance is less than about 0.00025 m ² K / W). Used to mean a high-temperature side heat exchanger with

  In addition to or in place of the above, the high temperature side heat exchanger 121 includes a high temperature side heat exchanger and a pipe flange or other suitable source of fluid carrying exhaust heat as a set. Optionally, at least one threaded rod 124 formed to seal may be included. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1G, one or more separation conduits 121 of the hot side heat exchanger 120 each have four screw rods and a hot side heat exchanger 120 in a first region of a pipe flange. And two connected back plates 129 of the high temperature side heat exchanger may be included in the second region of the pipe flange. It should be understood that any suitable type, number, and arrangement of fixtures may be used to couple the hot side heat exchanger 121 and a source of fluid carrying exhaust heat.

  In some embodiments, the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 are substantially flat. “Substantially flat” means that the cold side plate includes first and second major surfaces that are each substantially planar and aligned in parallel with each other. For example, “substantially flat” is indicated by the property that the flatness and flatness over the low temperature side plate is about 0.010 ″ or less. In some embodiments, the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 are each substantially flat so as to substantially cover the entire side of the thermoelectric generator unit 110. In one non-limiting example, the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 may include flat plates that are substantially flat and are a thermally conductive material such as metal or ceramic. As specific examples of metals, metals that may be suitable for use in one or both of the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 are aluminum, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, copper molybdenum alloy, stainless steel, And independently selected from the group consisting of nickel. As ceramic examples, ceramics that may be suitable for use in one or both of the first low temperature side plate 110 and the second low temperature side plate 130 are comprised of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, alumina, and silicon nitride. It can be selected independently from the group. In the illustrated embodiment, one of the first low temperature side plate 110 and the second low temperature side plate 130 may include a metal such as the specific examples listed above. In the embodiment, the other of the first low-temperature side plate 130 and the second low-temperature side plate 130 may include ceramics such as the specific examples listed above. In another illustrated embodiment, both the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 may comprise a metal such as the specific examples listed above. In yet another embodiment, both the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 may comprise a ceramic, such as the specific examples listed above.

  For example, the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130, which are substantially flat plates, may each include a plurality of holes shaped to pass through each fixture receptacle 111. As an example, the hole may extend through the thickness of each of the substantially flat flat plates. As another example, the holes may extend through only a portion of the thickness of one or both of the substantially flat plates. In some embodiments, the holes are arranged in rows and columns across the surface of each of the substantially flat plates.

  In some embodiments, one or both of the substantially flat first cold side plate 110 and the substantially second cold side plate 130 receive a fluid coolant, such as a liquid or gaseous coolant. It includes one or more gaps formed. One or both of the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 are provided with one or more inlets 113a or 113b for pouring coolant and one or more outlets 113b or 113a for discharging the coolant. May be included. For example, to facilitate entry and exit of the coolant to and from the inlet / outlet, in one example, the inlet 113a or 113b and the outlet 113b or 113a for the first cold side plate 110 are on the same side as the first cold side plate. In addition, the inlet 133a or 133b and the outlet 133b or 133a for the second cold side plate 130 are on the same side as the second cold side plate.

In addition to or instead of the above description, one or both of the first low temperature side plate 110 and the second low temperature side plate 130 may further include a plurality of pin fins, a plurality of straight fins (straight fins), or A plurality of offset fins may be included. In some embodiments, these fins may be located inside one or both of the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130. For example, the fins may be disposed in conduits that are each shaped within one or both of the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130. These fins can also change the hydraulic diameter. Also, these fins can change the flow path by causing the boundary layer to collapse in accordance with an increase in heat exchange. In some embodiments, the pin fins can optionally be arranged in a linear or zigzag arrangement. In one non-limiting example, at least one of the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130 includes a high efficiency cold side heat exchanger. The term “high efficiency low temperature side heat exchanger” as used herein is intended to mean a low temperature side heat exchanger having the property that its thermal resistance is less than about 7.5e-10 m ² K / W. The

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1G, the thermoelectric generator unit further includes a first plurality arranged between the first low temperature side plate 110 and the first side 126 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120. And a second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 arranged between the second low temperature side plate 130 and the second side portion 127 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120.

  In certain embodiments, the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 may be provided as part of the first thermoelectric assembly 160 and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 is provided as part of the second thermoelectric assembly 170. May be. An exemplary embodiment of a thermoelectric assembly suitable for use with one or both of the first thermoelectric assembly 160 and the second thermoelectric assembly 170 is described below with reference to FIGS. In the embodiment described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2A-2C, one or both of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 may be disposed on the circuit board.

  The first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 may be arranged in rows or columns between the first low temperature side plate 110 and the first side 126 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120. Then, each of the fixing devices 111 can be disposed within the range of the gap between the row and the column. For example, the fixture 111 may be arranged so that the fixture does not have to pass through all the thermoelectric elements 161 of the first plurality. In addition to or instead of the above-described content, the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 are arranged between the second low-temperature side plate 130 and the second side portion 127 of the high-temperature side heat exchanger 120. Or it may be arranged in a line. Then, each of the fixing devices 111 can be disposed within the range of the gap between the row and the column. For example, the fixture 111 may be arranged so that the fixture does not have to pass through all the thermoelectric elements 171 of the second plurality.

  The first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 may have any suitable configuration. For example, each of the thermoelectric elements 161 and 171 may include one or more thermoelectric legs. For example, each of the thermoelectric elements 161 and 171 may include one or more P-type thermoelectric legs and one or more N-type thermoelectric legs. Each thermoelectric leg may include a thermoelectric material disposed between the first conductive material and the second conductive material. The P-type thermoelectric legs may include a material that is different from the N-type thermoelectric legs or the same material as the N-type thermoelectric legs but with a different doping. For example, one or both of the first plurality 161 or the second plurality 171 of thermoelectric elements may be tetrahedral copper ore, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannate, silicon, silicon nanowire, bismuth telluride, skutterudite, lead telluride. A thermoelectric material selected from the group consisting of TAGS (tellurium-antimony-germanium-silver), zinc antimonide, silicon germanium, and semi-Heusler compounds, or any thermoelectric material known or developed in the literature May be included. Optionally, the one or more P-type thermoelectric legs are electrically connected in series with the one or more N-type thermoelectric legs so as to generate a current in response to temperature differences between the assemblies. They may be connected in parallel. Any suitable number of thermoelectric legs may be provided in each of the thermoelectric elements 161,171. In a non-limiting example, each thermoelectric element can include 1-100 P-type thermoelectric legs and 1-100 N-type thermoelectric legs. Alternatively, in a non-limiting example, each thermoelectric element can include 10 to 80 P-type thermoelectric legs and 10 to 80 N-type thermoelectric legs. Alternatively, in a non-limiting example, each thermoelectric element can include 20-60 P-type thermoelectric legs and 20-60 N-type thermoelectric legs. For example, each thermoelectric element may include 48 P-type thermoelectric legs and 48 N-type thermoelectric legs. The number of P-type thermoelectric legs in the thermoelectric element may be the same as the number of N-type thermoelectric legs in the thermoelectric element, but the number is not essential.

  The first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 may be electrically connected to obtain a current that flows in response to a temperature difference between the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and the first low temperature side plate 110. The second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 may be electrically connected to obtain a current that flows in response to a temperature difference between the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and the second low temperature side plate 130. In one non-limiting embodiment, the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 are electrically connected in series with the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 using one or more conductors 140. For example, the specific example of the external connection shown in FIG. 1F includes wirings 141, 142, and 143. The positive wiring 141 and the negative wiring 142 extend from the first thermoelectric assembly 160 and the second thermoelectric assembly 170, respectively. A series of wires 143 extends from both the first thermoelectric assembly 160 and the second thermoelectric assembly 170 to electrically connect the assemblies 160, 170 and one another in series. The thermoelectric elements of each of the first thermoelectric assembly 160 and the second thermoelectric assembly 170 are internally wired in a series-parallel configuration.

  Further specific examples of thermoelectric legs, electrical connections, and thermoelectric elements suitable for use in the thermoelectric power generation unit of the present invention can be found in the following references: US Patent No. 8,736, 011 “Low Thermal Conductive Materials Incorporated into Nanostructures and Methods” US Pat. No. 9,051,175 “Bulk-Nano-Ribbon and / or Nanoporous Structures for Thermoelectric Elements, and Methods of Creating the Same”, US Pat. No. 9,065,017 “Thermoelectric elements for reducing thermal stress and contact resistance and methods of forming and using the elements”, US Pat. No. 9,082,930 “Nanostructured thermoelectric elements and elements” US Patent Publication No. 2011/0114146 “Single Wafer Thermoelectric Device”, US Publication No. 2012/0152 95 “Arrangements filled with nanostructures with protruding segments and method thereof”, US Publication No. 2012/0247527 “Electrode structures for arrangement of nanostructures and methods thereof”, US Publication No. 2012/0295074 “Long Nano in Semiconductor Materials” US Pat. No. 2012/0319082, “Low Thermal Conductive Materials and Methods Incorporated into Nanostructures,” US Publication No. 2013/0175654, “Bulk Nanohole Structures for Thermoelectric Elements, and Methods” Method of making ”, US Publication No. 2013/0186445“ Modular Thermoelectric Unit for Heat Recovery System and Method ”, US Publication No. 2014/0024163“ Structure and Method for Thermoelectric Single Coupled Assembly ”, US Public number 2014/01 16491 “Materials for bulk-sized nanostructures and methods for making the materials by sintering of nanowires”, US Publication No. 2014/0182644 “Structures and Methods for Multi-Leg Package Thermoelectric Elements”, US Publication No. 2014/0193982 “Nanostructures” Low thermal conductivity matrix and method thereof incorporated in US Pat. No. 2014/0360546 “Silicon-based thermoelectric materials containing isoelectric impurities, thermoelectric elements based on such materials, and making and using such materials Methods ", US Publication No. 2015/0147842" Arrangements filled with nanostructures with protruding segments and methods thereof ", US Publication No. 2015/0295074" Arrangements of long nanostructures in semiconductor materials and methods thereof ", April 2015 US application number filed on 6th (US A pplication No.) 14 / 679,837 “Flexible Leadframe for Multi-Leg Package Assembly”, US Application No. 14 / 682,471 “Ultra-Long Silicon Nanostructures, filed April 9, 2015, and It can be found throughout the contents incorporated in “Methods of Forming and Transferring Substances”.

  1A to 1G, the thermoelectric power generation unit 100 is located between the first low-temperature side plate 110 and the second low-temperature side plate 130, and the position of each of the fixtures 111 outside the one or more separation conduits 121. A plurality of fixtures 111 extending to a position (eg, a position between the separation conduits 121 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120). In addition to or in place of the above-described content, the fixture 111 is within the range of the gap between the thermoelectric elements 161 of the first plurality and of the second plurality of 171s. The thermoelectric element may be disposed. The fixture 111 may be configured to press the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 between the first low temperature side plate 110 and the first side 126 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120. In addition, the fixture 111 can be configured to press the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 between the second low temperature side plate 130 and the second side portion 127 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120.

  Depending on the number of thermoelectric elements of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 or the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171, any suitable number of fixtures 111 may be provided. For example, one, two, three, four, or two or more fixtures 111 may be provided for each thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 or the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171. As another specific example, one, two, three, four, or four or more thermoelectric elements of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 or the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 may be connected to each fixture 111. Can be provided. A non-limiting embodiment of the thermoelectric power generation unit 100 shown in FIGS. 1A-1G includes four fixtures in each of four thermoelectric elements 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, and the second plurality. Each of the four thermoelectric elements 171 includes four fixtures. As mentioned above, the thermoelectric elements 161, 171 can optionally be arranged in rows or columns. The fixtures 111 may be arranged in rows and columns so as to make up along the side from the rows and columns of the thermoelectric elements 161 and 171 so as to pass between the rows and columns of the thermoelectric elements 161 and 171.

  In some embodiments, the fixture 111 may include bolts or screw nails. For example, in the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, the fixture 111 may include a bolt 114. Optionally, the fixture 111 can also include a nut that can fasten bolts and threaded nails to apply pressure between the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 130. In other embodiments, an opening through one or both of the first low temperature side plate 110 and the second low temperature side plate 130 is such that pressure acts between the first low temperature side plate 110 and the second low temperature side plate 120. Threads that can fasten bolts and threaded nails can be included. Optionally, the fixture 111 can also include a spring, a Belleville washer, or a spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw nail. Illustratively, such a spring, a Belleville washer, or a spring washer allows heat diffusion of components of the thermoelectric generator unit 100 within a change in control temperature, eg, the first cold side plate 110 and the second While maintaining the pressure with the low temperature side plate 120, the expected damage to the unit 100 based on such thermal diffusion is suppressed. The fixtures 111 may include different numbers of springs, bellville washers, or spring washers disposed along each other along bolts or screw nails. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3B, the fixture includes a bolt 114 and four Belleville washers 115, whereas in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3C, the fixture includes a bolt 114 and two Belleville washers. Including. One or more springs, Belleville washers, or spring washers may be arranged in a position opposite one or more other springs, Belleville washers, or spring washers to provide further adaptation to heat diffusion.

In some embodiments, the thermoelectric power generation unit 100 optionally includes one or more layers comprising a thermal insulation layer, an insulation layer, or a layer that provides thermal insulation and insulation with the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 and the high temperature side. The one or more layers are included between one or both of the heat exchanger 120 and the first low temperature side plate 110, or the one or more layers are included in the second plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 and the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and the second low temperature side plate 110. It is included between one or both of the low temperature side plates 130. Such additional layers are elements in FIG. 1G that can be placed in any suitable location within the thermoelectric generator unit 100,
A Kapton film disposed between the first side 126 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and at least one thermoelectric element 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A Kapton film disposed between the second side 127 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and at least one thermoelectric element 171 of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A Kapton film disposed between the first low temperature side plate 110 and at least one thermoelectric element 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A Kapton film disposed between the second low temperature side plate 130 and at least one thermoelectric element 171 of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A mica sheet disposed between the first side 126 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and at least one thermoelectric element 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A mica sheet disposed between the second side portion 127 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and at least one thermoelectric element 171 of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A graphite sheet disposed between the first side 126 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and at least one thermoelectric element 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A graphite sheet disposed between the second side 127 of the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 and at least one thermoelectric element 171 of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A gap pad disposed between the first low temperature side plate 110 and at least one thermoelectric element 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A gap pad disposed between the second low temperature side plate 130 and at least one thermoelectric element 171 of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements;
An anodized layer disposed between the first low temperature side plate 110 and at least one thermoelectric element 161 of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; and the second low temperature side plate 130 and at least one second An anodized layer disposed between thermoelectric elements 171 of a plurality of thermoelectric elements;
Are shown as elements 150 and 180, which may include at least one of the following: Exemplary embodiments of various suitable layers are detailed below with reference to FIGS.

  The thermoelectric power generation unit 100 shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G may optionally further include a spacer 125 disposed between the first low temperature side plate 110 and the second low temperature side plate 130. In some embodiments, the spacer 125 is from the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 to the first low temperature side plate 110 or the second low temperature side plate 130 other than via a heat conduction path through the thermoelectric elements 161, 171, respectively. Insulating material may be included to prevent heat conduction.

  1A-1G illustrate one embodiment that includes a high temperature side heat exchanger and a low temperature side plate disposed on either side of a plurality of thermoelectric elements, but in other embodiments, other numbers of high temperature side heat are shown. It should be understood that it may include an exchanger, a cold side plate, and a plurality of thermoelectric elements. An exemplary embodiment includes one high temperature side heat exchanger, one low temperature side plate, a plurality of thermoelectric elements disposed between the high temperature side heat exchanger and the low temperature side plate, and a plurality of thermoelectric elements. May include a plurality of fasteners arranged to apply pressure to them. The hot side heat exchanger, the cold side plate, the thermoelectric element, and the fixture can be arranged in the same manner as described elsewhere herein.

  According to some embodiments, the thermoelectric generator unit (TGU) is expandable and is a modular power supply. In some embodiments, the TGU is adapted to fit the space of the package and / or the above-mentioned US Provisional Application No. 62 / 059,092 (US Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 059,092) and Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) as detailed in the PCT application number (TBA) filed on the same day entitled “THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS FOR RECOVERING WASTE HEAT FROM ENGINE EXHAUST, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME” It can be configured in different sizes and shapes to be suitable for improving the integration in the system. However, it is understood that the TGU is suitable to be used independently of such a TEG, eg, configured separately from the TEG, in a device other than the TEG, or a stand-alone unit. I want to be.

In some embodiments, the power output of the TGU is significantly greater than 300 W when the inlet temperature is in the range of 450 ° C. to 600 ° C. and the fluid flow rate is between 25 g / s and 50 g / s. By way of example, but not essential, the physical size of the TGU is 3 feet (ft) × 3 feet × 0.5 feet (10 ³ feet) or a mass of less than 75 kg. In some embodiments, the operating voltage of the TGU may exceed 300V with an open circuit voltage that may exceed 600V.

  In some embodiments, the TGU includes a cold side heat exchanger (CHX) or a cold plate (referred to herein as a cold side plate) that may include a high performance hot heat exchanger, wherein the CHX or cold plate is 1 One or more pin fins, straight fins, offset fins, or other structures that enhance the effectiveness of heat exchange may be included. In a non-limiting example where the CHX or cold side plate includes a plurality of pin fins, in some embodiments, the pin fins are each about 0.5 mm in diameter, with a gap of 0.5 mm relative to each other in a series configuration. (Zigzag configuration or other arrangements, or other dimensions and positioning are also possible). In some embodiments, the microchannel heat exchanger effectively cools the cold side of the TGU. The terms “about” and “approximately” as used hereinafter are intended to mean that the stated value has a width of plus or minus 10 percent.

  In some embodiments, the CHX or cold side plates are provided such that both the inlet and outlet of the coolant channel are on each other on the same side of the plate. In some embodiments, this configuration provides a U-shaped flow. As an example, such a U-shaped flow increases both heat exchange and pressure drop. In one exemplary configuration, where both the coolant channel inlet and outlet are on the same side of the plate, coolant fluid holes (inlet and inlet) for assembly and maintenance purposes. Access to the exit) can be made easier. In some embodiments, in addition to the coolant fluid holes, the electrical connections are also on one side of both the other TGU and the fluid holes. As illustrated, such a configuration encourages all fluid and electrical connections to occur on the same side as the TGU (or TEG in certain embodiments) for assembly and maintenance purposes. it can.

  In some embodiments, the TGU dielectric insulation plate may be provided in multiple ways. In one non-limiting example, the dielectric insulation plate is from the power card, or to the thermoelectric (TE) element level, from CHX (cold side plate) or hot side heat exchanger (HHX), or both. It can be provided using a ceramic substrate that partially, fully or completely insulates the electrical components. In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, in some embodiments (eg, an embodiment in which the ceramic substrate is provided separately for thermal diffusion incompatibility, and / or In embodiments where the TE element is not sealed, or in both of these embodiments), other dielectric protective materials may be used. For example, CHX or cold side plates can be anodized to provide a relatively thin, electrically isolated layer. In addition to or in place of the above, other specific examples include a configuration in which a thin layer of kapton or mica is added to the thermal interface material (TIMs) to provide electrical insulation. . As shown, such thin layers may be applied to either the hot side or the cold side of TIMs, or both sides. In addition to or in place of the above, in some embodiments, the connection sites between TE elements are partially, fully or fully electrically isolated with electrical tape or kapton. By pressing in this manner, voltage leakage from the connection portion between the TE elements can be suppressed. In addition to or in place of the above, in some embodiments, conformal sections are provided to partially, fully or fully electrically insulate the connection sites between TE elements. A coating may be added.

  2A-2C are thermoelectric assemblies for use in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A-1G, illustrating an overview of a specific example of a thermoelectric assembly according to some embodiments. The thermoelectric assembly 160 shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C corresponds to one or both of the thermoelectric assembly 160 and the thermoelectric assembly 170 described with reference to FIGS.

  2A to 2C includes a first insulating layer 210, a circuit board 220 on which a plurality of thermoelectric elements 221 are disposed, a thermal insulating layer 230, a second insulating layer 240, and a third insulating layer 210. Insulating layer 250, fourth insulating layer 260, fifth insulating layer 270, sixth insulating layer 280, and adhesive 290 may be included.

  The first insulating layer 210 is disposed on the circuit board 220, and the thermoelectric element 221 disposed on the circuit board 220 is substantially flat on the low-temperature side plate (for example, the first described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1G). It may be configured to provide thermal insulation, electrical insulation, or thermal and electrical insulation between the cold side plate 110 or the second cold side plate 130). In one non-limiting embodiment, the first insulation image 210 is one or more films of Kapton, two or more films, or three each having a thickness of about 0.001 inch. The above films can be included, for example, four or more films.

  The circuit board 220 includes a plurality of thermoelectric elements 221 disposed on the thermal insulating layer 230 and disposed on the circuit board 220. The thermoelectric elements 221 may be arbitrarily arranged in a group including an appropriate number of thermoelectric elements 221. For example, one, one or more, two or more, or three or more thermoelectric elements 221 may be grouped together. For example, the thermoelectric elements 221 may be grouped with four thermoelectric elements. The thermoelectric elements 221 or the population of thermoelectric elements 221 can be arranged in columns and rows in a manner as shown in FIGS.

  The thermal insulating layer 230 may be disposed on the second insulating layer 240. Further, the thermal insulating layer 230 can prevent radiant heat from the high temperature side to the low temperature side without passing through the thermoelectric element 221, and can prevent a thermal short circuit in a region where the thermoelectric element 221 does not exist. A suitable thermal insulation material may be included.

  The second insulating layer 240, the third insulating layer 250, the fourth insulating layer 260, the fifth insulating layer 270, and the sixth insulating layer 280 are formed of the circuit board 220 and the thermoelectric element disposed on the circuit board 220. A suitable degree of thermal, electrical, or thermal isolation between the element 221 and the high temperature side heat exchanger (eg, the high temperature side heat exchanger 120 described with reference to FIGS. 1A-1G); It can be selected to provide both electrical insulation. In one non-limiting embodiment, the second insulating layer 240 is disposed over the third insulating layer 250 and is one or more Kapton films, two or more Kapton films, or three or more Kapton films. including. For example, one Kapton film has a thickness of 0.001 inch. In some embodiments, the third insulating layer 250 is disposed over the fourth insulating layer 260 and the fifth insulating layer 270 and includes one or more graphite sheets, two or more graphite sheets, or three The above graphite sheet is included. For example, one graphite sheet has a thickness of 0.25 inches. A dotted line 251 indicates a specific example of the relationship between the third insulating layer 250, the fourth insulating layer 260, and the fifth insulating layer 270. In some embodiments, the fourth insulating layer 260 is disposed adjacent to the fifth insulating layer 270 and disposed under only a subset of the thermoelectric elements 121 (one or more layers disposed therebetween). May include one or more graphite sheets, two or more graphite sheets, or three or more graphite sheets. For example, one graphite sheet has a thickness of 0.25 inches. In some embodiments, the fifth insulating layer 270 is disposed adjacent to the sixth insulating layer 280, disposed adjacent to the fourth insulating layer 260, and under only a subset of the thermoelectric elements 121. Arranged (one or more layers are disposed between) and may include one or more mica sheets, two or more mica sheets, or three or more mica sheets. For example, ten mica sheets each have a thickness of 0.008 inches. In some embodiments, the sixth insulating layer 280 is disposed adjacent to the fifth insulating layer 270 and is disposed under only a subset of the thermoelectric elements 121 (one or more layers disposed therebetween. 1) one or more mica sheets, two or more mica sheets, or three or more mica sheets. For example, seven mica sheets each have a thickness of 0.020 inches. The mica sheets of the fifth insulating layer 270 and the sixth insulating layer 280 can optionally include a mixture of mica and graphite. An adhesive 290, such as Kapton tape, can be used to adhere different insulating layers to each other and to the second insulating layer 240 in a manner as shown in FIGS.

  Note that, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, the sixth insulating layer 280 is the inlet of one or more separation conduits of the hot side heat exchanger (eg, the location where the fluid carrying the exhaust heat can be hottest). Can be placed adjacent to each other. The fifth insulating layer 270 can be disposed adjacent to the center of one or more separation conduits of the hot side heat exchanger (eg, where the fluid carrying the exhaust heat can be cooler than the inlet). The fourth insulating layer 260 can be positioned adjacent to the outlet of one or more separation conduits of the hot side heat exchanger (eg, where the fluid carrying the exhaust heat can be cooler than the center). The sixth insulating layer 280 may provide greater thermal insulation than the thermal insulation between the thermoelectric element 221 and the high temperature side heat exchanger provided by the fifth insulating layer 270. The fifth insulating layer 270 may provide greater thermal insulation than the thermal insulation between the thermoelectric element 221 and the high temperature side heat exchanger provided by the fourth insulating layer 260. Accordingly, an appropriate amount of heat is generated from the thermoelectric element 221 disposed on the insulating layers 260, 270, and 280 in a state where the thermoelectric element 221 is sufficiently protected from damage due to heat. And 280 respectively.

  It should be noted that the specific arrangement of elements in FIGS. One or more insulating layers may be omitted or modified as appropriate to facilitate heat transfer from the fluid to the thermoelectric element while the thermoelectric element is adequately protected from heat damage.

  In one specific example of a non-limiting configuration, the plurality of TE elements are connected together to a circuit board or printed wiring harness so as to reduce the amount of wiring or the complexity of the wiring. In such embodiments, the circuit board traces may suitably be electrically isolated from each other. In some embodiments, the TGU may include a configuration of clamping bolts that pass through a circuit board or wiring harness. In some embodiments, the bolt may be electrically isolated to prevent electrical continuity, electrical contact, or electrical communication between the bolt and the circuit board or wiring harness. For example, the bolt can be electrically isolated by applying Kapton tape to the bolt and / or applying a high temperature electrical insulating coating.

  An exemplary TGU, prepared as provided herein, was tested on a Hi-Pot tester with a voltage significantly greater than 2 kV. The exemplary TGU was also tested with a mega ohm meter in a completely parallel state (with all high temperature heat exchangers connected together) and measured resistance values greater than 50 ohms.

  In one non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the TGU has two sets of TE elements or two CHX sandwiched between power cards connected together to a circuit board or wiring harness, or a low temperature side plate, and A set of high temperature heat exchanger (HHX) conduits. As illustrated, the flow of CHX (cold side plate) and HHX fluids can form cross-flow channels associated with each other, but counter-flow or parallel-flow channels can also be selected. Other structures are also allowed to change CHX (cold side plate) and HHX with the TE circuit board sandwiched between them, and in some embodiments, another CHX (cold side plate) for the set of HHX. ) May be present.

  In some embodiments, the set of HHX includes a plurality of separate HHX channels. For example, a set of HHX can have two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight connected to each other in fluidics in parallel to improve performance to prevent heat diffusion. One, nine, ten, or more than ten HHX channels. In some embodiments, such a structure may reduce thermal stress in the TGU. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat exchanger may specifically experience temperatures of −40 ° C. or 600 ° C. or lower, or higher. In some embodiments, separating the high temperature heat exchangers (HHX conduits) from each other can reduce the length of the high temperature heat exchanger and thus reduce the absolute heat spread. In sonic embodiments, heat diffusion occurs between high temperature heat exchange conduits and can reduce the effect of interacting with a resting TGU. In some embodiments, such a structure may increase some reproducibility, and in some embodiments may reduce cost, eg, volume. In some embodiments, such a structure may also improve the quality of the assembled high temperature heat exchanger. For example, the quality of the assembled high temperature heat exchanger can be improved by reducing the maximum length of fin packs, brazing surfaces, etc. In addition, the modular structures of some embodiments can integrate different sizes of TG-Us by adding or removing conduits.

  To maintain sufficient thermal contact between the HHX, the cold side plate, and the thermoelectric element, the one or more fixtures may have different forces than the other one or more fixtures on the TGU. Can be provided. For example, in the specific TGU embodiment described above with reference to FIGS. 1A-1G, a first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 is disposed in the center, and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 171 Of these, the second subset is arranged in the vicinity. As illustrated, the first subset of the plurality of fixtures 111 applies a first force to the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. In addition, the second subset of the plurality of fixtures 111 applies a second force to the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. The first force is stronger than the second force. In one non-limiting embodiment, the first force is at least 1.5 times the second force. In some embodiments, optionally, the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 is a first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements 161 and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. 161 may be placed between the third subset. The third subset of the plurality of fixtures 111 applies a third force to the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. The third force is weaker than the first force and stronger than the second force. In one non-limiting embodiment, the first force is about 1.5 times the third force, and the first force is about three times the second force. Illustratively, the first force may be about 11-13 kN, the third force may be about 7-9 kN, and the second force may be about 3-5 kN. In some embodiments, such force distribution places a sufficiently uniform pressure on the TGU. For example, a sufficiently uniform pressure of 80 psi is applied across the TGU.

  For example, in some embodiments, the bolt pattern for the TGU design is optimized with non-identical bolt twist. In some embodiments, the control interface pressure at the intersection of the hot and cold portions of the TGU may be useful to improve the performance of the TGU. In some embodiments, the pressure can be locally controlled by reducing the distance between the bolts. In some embodiments, the bolt load is selected to account for or subtract the stiffness effects of other parts of the TGU. For example, as described above, the fixture 111 can include bolts or screws. And the fixture 111 may also include a spring, a Belleville washer, or a spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw. As illustrated, a spring, a Belleville washer, or a spring washer is due to thermal diffusion while maintaining a controlled temperature, for example, the pressure between the first cold side plate 110 and the second cold side plate 120. By changing the temperature so as to reduce the possibility of damage to the thermoelectric power generation unit 100, heat is diffused to the components of the thermoelectric power generation unit 100. Referring back to the above subset, the first subset of the plurality of fixtures optionally includes a spring, a Belleville washer, or a spring washer disposed along a bolt or screw of the subset. More than the second subset of fixtures.

  For example, FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams showing examples of specific arrangements of fixtures used in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G. According to some embodiments, FIG. 3A shows a top view of a first cold side plate 110, similar to that described above with reference to FIGS. The annotated structure of the fixture at different locations through the first cold side plate 110 is shown. More specifically, in FIG. 3A, the “A” annotation indicates the fixture structure used in FIG. 3B, and the “B” annotation indicates the fixture structure used in FIG. 3C. It is a thing. The annotations 1 to 30 clearly indicate the numbers of the fixtures. Table 1 below summarizes one specific example of a set of torsional forces (bolt torques) that can be applied to the various fixtures (eg, bolts) shown in FIG. 3A in a manner different from FIG. 3A.

  FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a non-limiting example of the arrangement of fixtures used in the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. According to some embodiments, for example, FIG. 4A illustrates a partial, full, or complete pressure applied to or across all TE elements or some TE elements of a TGU. In order to make uniform, the outline of one specific embodiment in the case where the value of the torsional force of the fixture (bolt) is made non-identical is shown. In FIG. 4A, a force of about 12 kN is applied to the first subset of thermoelectric elements disposed in the center, and a force of about 4 kN is applied to the second subset of thermoelectric elements disposed in the periphery. A force of about 8 kN is applied to the thermoelectric elements of the third subset arranged between the first subset and the second subset. FIG. 4B is a non-limiting example of a pressure distribution that can be obtained using the fixture arrangement shown in FIG. 4A. For example, FIG. 4B shows a simulation result of the sufficient uniformity of pressure applied to each TE element in a TGU circuit board based on the non-limiting example of the torsional force value of the bolt shown in FIG. 4A. An example is shown. In FIG. 4B, each assembly 461 can include four TE elements 462. In addition, in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the assembly is arranged in rows 401-405 and columns 411-414, and a fixture is disposed between the rows and columns.

  In addition to or in place of the above, in some embodiments, the thermal interface along the length of the HHX in the direction of flow may be altered. Such a configuration facilitates the use of TGU in applying hot exhaust by reducing the lower temperature limit of the TE intersection at the hottest location. Such a configuration can also improve the temperature of the hot intersection of the TE element. For example, a partial, sufficient or complete TE element temperature equalization at a hot intersection of the TE element such that the TE element can be controlled with an optimal load as illustrated with a load that matches the element. Can be made.

  In addition to or in place of the above, in some embodiments, compact thermal expansion management is utilized. For example, in some embodiments, the TGU performs thermal diffusion under control (the diffusion can be periodic or periodic, or periodic and periodic). In some embodiments, the coupling of the Belleville washer allows the TGU control range to remain relatively stable partially or wholly, so that the bolt load-and thereby the TE element pressure Increase-. In some embodiments, a gap pad may be used as an interface between CHX and the cold intersection of the temperature interface material. Such gap pads can be made partially, fully or completely with the thickness required thermodynamically to absorb such thermal diffusion.

  In addition to or in place of the above, in some embodiments, heat in HHX and / or CHX to improve heat exchange concentration and reduce heat exchange pressure drop. Fin positions that are advantageous for replacement can be utilized. For example, the TE element need not be installed throughout the HHC and / or CHX. In some embodiments, the plurality of fins are installed at required locations and need not be installed at locations that are not required. In addition, in some embodiments, the fin density can be varied for different TGU regions to improve the degree of match of thermal impedance to TGU area differences.

  In addition to or in place of the above, in some embodiments, torsional path sealing can be utilized to prevent gas leakage within the TGU. In one non-limiting embodiment, fan-shaped and triangular-shaped ceilings can be utilized to prevent exhaust gas leakage.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing output power according to the exhaust flow rate of the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. 1A to 1G and showing specific examples of output power according to some embodiments. In FIG. 5, the total amount of electric power supplied by the thermoelectric power generation unit increases as the exhaust flow rate through the high temperature side heat exchanger of the thermoelectric power generation unit (“power supply module”) according to the present embodiment increases. I want you to understand. In addition, in FIG. 5, the thermoelectric power generation unit is supplied by the thermoelectric power generation unit in response to an increase in the temperature of the inlet of the exhaust flow passing through the high temperature side heat exchanger of the thermoelectric power generation unit (“power supply module”) according to the present embodiment. It should be understood that total power is increasing.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pressure drop of the power supply module according to the exhaust flow rate of the thermoelectric power generation unit shown in FIGS. It is. In FIG. 6, the pressure drop in the thermoelectric power generation unit increases as the exhaust flow rate increases through the high temperature side heat exchanger of the thermoelectric power generation unit (“power supply module”) according to the present embodiment. I want you to understand.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating specific method steps for preparing a thermoelectric generator unit in accordance with some embodiments. The method 700 includes providing a hot side heat exchanger including a first side, a second side, and one or more separate conduits (701). Exemplary high temperature side heat exchanger embodiments are provided with reference to any location herein, eg, FIGS.

  The method 700 of FIG. 7 also includes providing a substantially flat first cold side plate (702) and providing a substantially flat second cold side plate (703). Exemplary low temperature side plate embodiments are provided with reference to any location herein, eg, FIGS.

  The method 700 of FIG. 7 also includes arranging a first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first cold side plate and the first side of the hot side heat exchanger (704), the second plurality of thermoelectric elements. Arranging (705) a thermoelectric element between the second cold side plate and the second side of the hot side heat exchanger. Specific examples of the arrangement of thermoelectric elements between the low temperature side plate and the heat exchanger are provided with reference to any part of this specification, for example, FIGS. 1A-1G, 2A-2C, 3A, and 4A-4B. Is done.

  The method 700 of FIG. 7 also includes a plurality of fasteners extending between the first cold side plate and the second cold side plate outside the one or more separate conduits of the hot side heat exchanger, Each of a plurality of positions within a plurality of gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements and a plurality of gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the second plurality. , Including placing (706). Specific examples of the arrangement and configuration of fixtures are provided with reference to any location herein, for example, FIGS. 1A-1G, 3A-3C, and 4A-4B.

  The method 700 of FIG. 7 further includes a first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first cold side heat exchanger and the first side of the hot side heat exchanger, and a second cold side heat exchanger. And pressing the second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first side and the second side of the high temperature side heat exchanger with the fixture (707). Specific examples of torsional forces generated by closing the fixture are provided with reference to any location herein, for example, FIGS. 1A-1G, 3A-3C, and 4A-4B.

  Optionally, as described with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C and 4A-4B, for example, method 700 places a first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged in the center. And arranging the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged in the periphery, and fixing the first subset, the first of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. Applying a first force to the subset, applying a second force to the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements with a fixture of the second subset, the first force Can be stronger than the second force. In one non-limiting example, the first force is at least 1.5 times the second force. In some embodiments of the method 700 shown in FIG. 7, each fixture may include a bolt or screw nail; and a spring, a Belleville washer or a spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw nail. . Optionally, the first set of fasteners has more springs, bellville washers, or spring washers disposed along the subset of bolts or screws than the second subset of the plurality of fasteners. May include number.

  Optionally, as described, for example, with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C and 4A-4B, the method 700 converts a third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements to the first plurality of thermoelectrics. Disposing between the first subset of elements and the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, and a third subset of the plurality of solid implements comprising the first subset It may also include applying a third force to the third subset of thermoelectric elements, the third force being weaker than the first force and stronger than the second force. In one non-limiting example, the first force may be about 1.5 times the third force, and the first force may be about 3 times the second force. For example, the first force can be about 11-13 kN, the third force can be about 7-9 kN, and the second force can be about 3-5 kN. In some embodiments, such force distribution places a sufficiently uniform pressure on the TGU. For example, a sufficiently uniform pressure of 80 psi is applied across the TGU.

  Some embodiments of the method 700 arrange the first plurality of thermoelectric elements in a plurality of rows and columns between a first cold side plate and the first side of the hot side exchanger. And placing the fixtures in gaps between the plurality of rows and columns, respectively. In one non-limiting example, method 700 includes four fixtures for every four thermoelectric elements of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and for every four thermoelectric elements of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements. Placing. However, it should be understood that other numbers of fasteners can be used in any number suitable for use.

  In some embodiments of the method 700, the hot side heat exchanger includes further disposing a plurality of fins disposed within each of the one or more separate conduits. Optionally, the plurality of fins may comprise stainless steel, nickel plated copper, or copper coated with stainless steel. Optionally, the density of the plurality of fins within each of the one or more separate conduits is at least 12 fins per inch.

  In some embodiments of method 700, the hot side heat exchanger includes at least one threaded rod configured to hermetically connect the hot side heat exchanger to a pipe flange.

  In some embodiments of the method 700, the first cold side plate further comprises a plurality of pin fins, a plurality of linear fins or offset fins. Optionally, the plurality of pin fins includes a plurality of offset pin fins arranged in a row or twisted arrangement or brass plated.

  Some embodiments of the method 700 include placing the plurality of thermoelectric elements on a circuit board.

  In some embodiments of the method 700, the first plurality of thermoelectric elements includes a thermoelectric material, wherein the thermoelectric material is tetrahedral copper ore, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannate, silicon, silicon nanowires, bismuth. Selected from the group consisting of tellurides, skutterudites, lead tellurides, TAGS (tellurium-antimony-germanium-silver), zinc antimonides, silicon germanium, and semi-Heusler compounds.

  In some embodiments of the method 700, at least one of the first cold side plate and the second cold side plate comprises a high efficiency cold side heat exchanger; the hot side heat exchanger comprises: Equipped with a high-efficiency high-temperature heat exchanger.

  In some embodiments of the method 700, the first cold side plate comprises an inlet for coolant inflow and an outlet for coolant outflow, the inlet and outlet being the same as the first cold side plate. They are on the sides.

Some embodiments of the method 700 further comprise disposing a Kapton film between the first side of the hot side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; Disposing a Kapton film between at least one of the first low temperature side plate and the first thermoelectric element; the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and the first plurality of first electric elements. Disposing a mica sheet between at least one of the thermoelectric elements; between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. Disposing a graphite sheet; disposing a gap pad between at least one thermoelectric element of the first low temperature side plate and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; Comprises disposing an anode layer, at least one of the at least one between said first low-temperature side plates and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements.
The following shows a description of one exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of the TGU.
-Alphabet Energy has introduced the world's largest thermoelectric generator today, collecting waste heat and turning it into a new source of electricity.
• The company's first product (called E1), with an exhaust stack, collects waste heat and converts waste heat into electricity using a thermoelectric material patented by Alphabet. Thermoelectric elements use the difference in heat to generate power; one side is hot and the other side is cold.
The temperature difference between the two causes the electrons to generate a current.
• The introduction of the above product, which was built in 2009 at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, is the first for an intermediary startup.
NASA has been using thermoelectric elements since the 1950s, but material costs have made them expensive. However, new advances in silicon and tetrahedral copper have led Alphabet to produce highly efficient thermoelectric materials using abundant resources. Thermoelectric elements are unique because they mean that they are in the solid state: E1 has no moving parts, no working fluid and does not require maintenance.
“With E1, exhaust heat is immediately useful,” said Matthew L. Scullin, CEO and founder of Alphabet Energy. “Saving fuel has the potential to be one of the largest leverages that a company will have at low operating costs. With E1, that possibility is a simple, powerful and reliable solution. Is ultimately realized with the world's first waste heat recovery product that meets the industry standards for mining oil & gas. "
E1 generates up to 25 kW (meaning 1% energy efficiency) per 1000 kW diesel generator. The power generated by E1 can power additional electrical equipment, increase power to existing systems, reduce power load, in other words, reduce fuel consumption and operating costs.
These ready-to-use systems are shipped in a standard single shipping container, saving over 60000 liters of diesel oil per year when operated by a 1000 kW diesel engine.
E1 does not require engine refurbishment and is incorporated during a simple process associated with exhaust couplings and electrical connections. A standard connection is completed in less than 2 hours. All updates to the host engine (ie, turbine) exhaust system are performed during standard engine maintenance and inspection, and E1 is compatible with all major engine manufacturer back pressure limits and warranty specifications.
In addition to improving the fuel economy and generating good quality electricity, E1
Reduce engine exhaust noise to 23 dBA,
Reduce the exhaust heat characteristics of the engine to 30%,
Reducing diesel emissions _{(C02-198000lbs / yr; NO x -3306lbs} / yr; CO-343bls / yr; HC-103lbs / yr; PM-52lbs / yr).
Alphabet Energy thermoelectric materials have a variety of potential applications, including power generation remote sensors, monitoring, telemetry, automobiles, locomotives, mining equipment, ships, jet engines, and factory exhaust streams. Basic technology.
• Based on the development of materials science R & D at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the US, Alphabet Energy holds over 50 patents that are registered or pending. The highest competence team has many of the best brains in thermoelectric and materials science, as well as rich experience based on the oil & gas, automotive and power generation industries. Alphabet Energy has raised over $ 3 million in funding from top investors (including TPG and Encana).
The following shows a description of one exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of the TGU.
• Conserving fuel has the potential to be one of the biggest leverages that a company will have at low operating costs. With E1, that potential is finally realized with the world's first waste heat recovery product that meets the mining oil & gas industry standards for a simple, powerful and reliable solution.
• When I started the world's first industrial-scale thermoelectric generator, I learned that it must operate as part of a simple industrial facility, not a complex power plant. A team that combines decades of experience in the oil & gas, mining, engine, and combustor industries with the most intelligent intelligence in solid state power generation.
• Talked to hundreds of suppliers who have the most demanding technical requirements for equipment in this area, who spent time exploring ways to improve operational efficiency and profitability in their operations.
・ It was E1 that arrived. E1 takes the exhaust heat from the exhaust and easily converts the exhaust heat into electric power. The result is an engine that requires less fuel to supply the same power.
E1 benefits: savings of a few percent of fuel and a very short recovery for a small amount of direct capital is immediately realized. E1 is optimized for a 800-1400 kW continuous operation engine powered by diesel or natural gas, but works with any engine or exhaust source.
What makes E1 stand out is not only its strength, reliability and simplicity, but also virtually no maintenance and operation.
Installation is possible in just 2 hours with almost no noticeable spread. All the necessary parts are inside an E1, 16 or 20 foot transport container that is simple and easily transportable. There are only two points of connection: E1 is plumbed directly to the exhaust pipe and then routed from E1 to the main breaker on site.
-The operation of E1 is simple and reliable. Exhaust from the engine is directed through 32 modules that generate power in a solid state without moving parts, using Alphabet's proprietary PowerBlocks thermoelectric technology.
DC power is supplied to prepackaged electronics that convert power to AC at the same phase and voltage supplied by the engine. The cooled exhaust then flows into and out of the container at about 200 ° C. In the meantime, the prepackaged E1 radiator keeps the module cool.
The module inside E1 is groundbreaking because it contains the best efficient low-cost thermoelectric elements made so far. Like everything in E1, they have been rigorously tested in the art to guarantee a lifetime of at least 10 years. They can be completely improved, making E1 the only existing generator that can be improved. As Alphabet continues to advance in thermoelectric materials, new modules are replaced with old modules in the same system to provide greater fuel savings.
-According to E1, exhaust heat is immediately useful. Some of the world's sensible and forward thinking companies use Alphabet thermoelectric generators. We are stimulated to be able to help various industries reduce fuel costs and promote operating profits to build more efficient and profitable operations.
(Alternative Other Embodiment)
In other examples, the thermoelectric generator unit includes a first side, a second side, and a hot side heat exchanger including one or more separate conduits; a first cold side plate; and a second side Includes cold side plates. The thermoelectric power generation unit includes a plurality of first thermoelectric elements arranged between the first low temperature side plate and the high temperature side heat exchanger; and the first low temperature side plate and the high temperature side heat exchanger. And a second plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged between the first side portion and the first side portion. The thermoelectric power generation unit may further include a double nest fixture within a plurality of gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first plurality of the plurality of fixtures, A plurality of the thermoelectric elements among the first plurality are pressed between one low temperature side plate and the first side portion of the high temperature side heat exchanger. The plurality of fixtures may be further disposed in gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the second plurality, and the plurality of fixtures include the second low temperature side plate and the high temperature side heat exchanger. The second plurality of thermoelectric elements are pressed against the second side portion.
In another example, a method of assembling a thermoelectric generator unit includes providing a hot side heat exchanger that includes a first side, a second side, and one or more separate conduits. . The method may also include providing a substantially flat first cold side plate; and providing a substantially flat cold side plate. The method also includes arranging a first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first low temperature side plate and the high temperature side heat exchanger; and the second low temperature side plate and the second of the high temperature side exchanger. Arranging a second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the sides of the first and second thermoelectric elements. The method is also outside the one or more separate conduits of the hot side heat exchanger and within a gap between the plurality of the thermoelectric elements of the first plurality, and A plurality of fixings extending between the first low-temperature side plate and the second low-temperature side plate at each position within the gap between the plurality of thermoelectric elements in the second plurality. Arranging the implement may include. The method also includes the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, the second low temperature side plate, and the high temperature side heat between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger. Pressing the second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the second sides of the exchanger with the plurality of fixtures may be included. Non-limiting examples of such embodiments are shown in the specification with reference to FIGS. 1A-1G, 3A-3C, 4A, 4B and 7, for example.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are other embodiments that are equivalent to the described embodiments. For example, various embodiments and / or examples of the invention can be combined. Accordingly, it is understood that the invention is not limited by the specifically illustrated embodiments, but only by the appended claims.

Claims (42)

A high temperature side heat exchanger including a first side, a second side and one or more separate conduits;
A first flat side plate that is substantially flat;
A second flat side plate that is substantially flat;
A first plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and the first low temperature side plate;
A second plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged between the second side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and the second low temperature side plate; and the one or more of the high temperature side heat exchanger; A plurality of fasteners extending between the first cold side plate and the second cold side plate at each of the locations outside the separated conduit;
The plurality of fixtures are provided in a plurality of gaps between a plurality of the thermoelectric elements in the first plurality and between a plurality of the thermoelectric elements in the second plurality. Is located within the range,
The plurality of fixtures press the first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first side portion of the high temperature heat exchanger and the first low temperature side plate, and the high temperature side heat exchange. Pressing the second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the second side of the vessel and the second low temperature side plate,
Thermoelectric power generation unit. A first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is disposed in the center, and a second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is disposed in the periphery;
A first subset of the plurality of fixtures applies a first force to the first subset of the plurality of first thermoelectric elements;
A second subset of the plurality of fixtures applies a second force to the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the first force is greater than the second force. The third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. Is placed between and
The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 2, wherein a third subset of the plurality of fixtures applies a third force to the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. .   The thermoelectric generator unit according to claim 3, wherein the first force is about 1.5 times the third force, and the first force is about three times the second force.   The thermoelectric generator unit according to claim 3, wherein the first force is about 11 to 13 kN, the third force is about 7 to 9 kN, and the second force is about 3 to 5 kN.   The thermoelectric generator unit according to claim 2, wherein the first force is at least about 1.5 times the second force. Each of the fixtures
The thermoelectric generator unit according to claim 1, comprising: a bolt or screw nail; and a spring, a Belleville washer or a spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw nail.   The first subset of the plurality of fixtures includes more springs than the second subset of the plurality of fixtures, the Belleville washers or the spring washers disposed along the bolts or screw nails. The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 7, which is included.   The first plurality of thermoelectric elements are arranged in a plurality of columns and rows between the first low temperature side plate and the first high temperature side exchanger, and the fixtures are respectively a plurality of the plurality of the fixing devices. The thermoelectric generator unit according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generator unit is disposed in a gap between the columns and rows.   The thermoelectric device according to claim 9, comprising four fixtures for every four thermoelectric elements of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and for every four thermoelectric elements of the second plurality of thermoelectric elements. Power generation unit.   The thermoelectric power generation unit of claim 1, wherein the high temperature side heat exchanger further includes a plurality of fins disposed within each of the one or more separate conduits.   The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of fins include stainless steel, nickel-plated copper, or copper coated with stainless steel.   The thermoelectric power generation unit of claim 11, wherein the density of the plurality of fins within each of the one or more separate conduits is at least 12 fins per inch.   The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature side heat exchanger includes at least one screw rod configured to hermetically connect the high temperature side heat exchanger to a pipe flange. .   The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the first low-temperature side plate further includes a plurality of pin fins, a plurality of linear fins, or offset fins.   The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of pin fins are arranged in a row arrangement or a twist arrangement.   The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric elements are arranged on a circuit board.   The first plurality of thermoelectric elements includes a thermoelectric material, and the thermoelectric material includes tetrahedral copper ore, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannate, silicon, silicon nanowire, bismuth telluride, skutterudite, lead telluride, The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric power generation unit is selected from the group consisting of TAGS (tellurium-antimony-germanium-silver), zinc antimonide, silicon germanium, and semi-Heusler compound. At least one of the first low temperature side plate and the second low temperature side plate includes a high efficiency low temperature side heat exchanger;
The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature side heat exchanger includes a high efficiency high temperature side heat exchanger.   The first cold side plate includes an inlet for coolant inflow and an outlet for coolant outflow, the inlet and outlet being on the same side of the first cold side plate. The thermoelectric generator unit described in 1. A Kapton film disposed between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A Kapton film disposed between the first low temperature side plate and at least one of the first thermoelectric elements;
A mica sheet disposed between the first side portion of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A graphite sheet disposed between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
A gap pad disposed between the first low temperature side plate and at least one of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; and the first low temperature side plate and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. The thermoelectric power generation unit according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of an anodized layer disposed between at least one of the two. Providing a hot side heat exchanger including a first side, a second side, and one or more separate conduits;
Providing a first cold side plate that is substantially flat;
Providing a substantially flat second cold side plate;
Arranging the first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger;
Arranging a second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the second low temperature side plate and the second side of the high temperature side heat exchanger;
Outside the one or more separate conduits of the hot side heat exchanger, within a gap between the plurality of the thermoelectric elements of the first plurality, and the second plurality A plurality of fixtures extending between the first low temperature side plate and the second low temperature side plate are disposed at each of a plurality of positions within a range of gaps between the plurality of thermoelectric elements. about;
The first plurality of thermoelectric elements between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger, and the second low temperature side plate and the second of the heat exchanger. A method of assembling a thermoelectric power generation unit, comprising pressing the second plurality of thermoelectric elements between the side portions by a plurality of the fixtures. Placing the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements in the center;
Disposing a second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements in the periphery;
Applying a first force to the first subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements using a first subset of the plurality of fixtures; and of the plurality of fixtures Applying a second force to the second subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements using a second subset;
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first force is greater than the second force. Of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, the first of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements is between the first subset and the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. Placing a third subset; and applying a third force to the third subset of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements using a third subset of the plurality of fixtures Further including
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the third force is greater than the first force and less than the second force.   25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first force is about 1.5 times the third force and the first force is about three times the second force.   25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first force is about 11-13 kN, the third force is about 7-9 kN, and the second force is about 3-5 kN.   24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first force is at least 1.5 times the second force. Each fixture is
24. The method of claim 22, comprising a bolt or screw nail; and a spring, a Belleville washer or a spring washer disposed along the bolt or screw nail.   The first subset of the plurality of fixtures includes more springs than the second subset of the plurality of fixtures, the Belleville washers or the spring washers disposed along the bolts or screw nails. 30. The method of claim 28, comprising. Arranging the first plurality of thermoelectric elements in a plurality of columns and rows between the first low temperature side plate and the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger; and a plurality of the columns 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising disposing a plurality of said fasteners, respectively, within a plurality of gaps between the rows.   34. The method of claim 33, comprising placing four fasteners for every four thermoelectric elements.   23. The method of claim 22, wherein the hot side heat exchanger further includes a plurality of fins disposed within each of the one or more separate conduits.   33. The method of claim 32, wherein the fin comprises stainless steel, nickel plated copper, or copper coated with stainless steel.   35. The method of claim 32, wherein the density of the plurality of fins within each of the one or more separate conduits is at least 12 fins per inch.   The high temperature side heat exchanger includes at least one screw rod, and the method further includes sealingly connecting the high temperature side heat exchanger to a pipe flange via the at least one screw rod. 24. The method of claim 22, comprising.   23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first cold side plate further comprises a plurality of pin fins, a plurality of linear fins or offset fins.   37. The method of claim 36, wherein the plurality of pin fins are arranged in a row array or a twisted array.   23. The method of claim 22, further comprising disposing the first plurality of thermoelectric elements on a circuit board.   The first plurality of thermoelectric elements includes a thermoelectric material, and the thermoelectric material is tetrahedral copper ore, magnesium silicide, magnesium stannate, silicon, silicon nanowire, bismuth telluride, skutterudite, lead telluride 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of TAGS (tellurium-antimony-germanium-silver), zinc antimonide, silicon germanium, and semi-Heusler compounds. At least one of the first low temperature side plate and the second low temperature side plate includes a high efficiency low temperature side heat exchanger;
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the hot side heat exchanger comprises a high efficiency hot side heat exchanger.   23. The first cold side plate includes an inlet for coolant inflow and an outlet for coolant outflow, the inlet and outlet being on the same side of the first cold side plate. The method described in 1. Disposing a Kapton film between at least one thermoelectric element of the first low temperature side plate and the first thermoelectric element;
Disposing a Kapton film between the first low temperature side plate and at least one of the first thermoelectric elements;
Disposing a mica sheet between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
Disposing a graphite sheet between the first side of the high temperature side heat exchanger and at least one of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements;
Disposing a gap pad between the first low temperature side plate and at least one thermoelectric element of the first plurality of thermoelectric elements; and the first low temperature side plate and the first plurality of thermoelectric elements. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising at least one of disposing an anodization layer between at least one of the two.

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