JP2016209852A - Waste selector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste selector capable of recovering wastes by highly reliable screening with a mechanism for separating them from each other.SOLUTION: A box-type casing 6, which is partitioned by troughs 1 disposed stepwise into an upper chamber 2 and a lower chamber 3 to be inclined downward in the direction of an exhaust end 5 from the side of a supply port 4, is suspended with a plurality of coil springs 7 and provided with oscillation means 8, the lower chamber 3 is connected with a blower 12 at air intakes 9, 9a, the eaves of the trough 1 is provided with air jet nozzles 21, 21a, the exhaust end side periphery of the upper chamber and that of the lower chamber is enclosed with a sealant 13, and the other is linked with a forked exhaust chute 14 for recovering weight matters and light matters. The exhaust chute is provided with a roller 15 on a forked branch line, and a suction hood 17 at the top, and connected to recovery devices 18, 19, 20 with the hood 17 and ducts, thereby separating and recovering collected suspensions and polluted air to exhaust clean air.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting various types of mixed waste, such as combustible materials and non-combustible materials, that are disposed of in a mixed state, into non-combustible materials and combustible materials.

  Various mixed wastes are used as various products by combining different materials. In order to sort these materials, it is necessary to separate different materials, and large-sized materials are made fine by using a crusher or the like to a size suitable for sorting. Once the different materials suitable for sorting can be separated and the particle size can be adjusted, metal ferrous and non-ferrous materials are then removed with a suitable sorting device, and the remaining combustible and non-combustible materials are mixed in many facilities. It is applied to a sorting device that uses wind power. Patent documents 1 to 3, which are typical models of these sorting apparatuses, are shown below.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-174931 as Patent Document 1. This “wind sorter” is shown in FIG.

  The configuration is a refraction vertically long chute 101 in which a plurality of dog-shaped chutes are connected in series vertically. A supply hopper 102 for supplying mixed waste is provided at the substantially central portion of the chute. The mechanism is configured such that the waste thrown into the chute from the supply hopper falls to the lower part against the rising air flow, while the heavy specific gravity falls to the lower part due to the rising air flow supplied from the lower part of the chute. Store temporarily. Also, those with low specific gravity ride on the rising air flow and are discharged from the upper part of the chute, and the waste is recovered and purified by the recovery device 104 that separates the air connected by the duct and the floating waste. Air is released into the atmosphere. The floating waste recovered by the recovery device is highly pure as a combustible material.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-164806 is disclosed as Patent Document 2. This “wind sorting device” is shown in FIG.

  The wind sorter 201 has a horizontally long box shape, and the air sent from the blower 202 to the wind sorter passes through the perforated plate trough 203 from the lower part to the upper part. The perforated plate trough for transporting the waste is formed in a stepped shape that sequentially descends in the traveling direction. The mechanism passes through a plurality of descending steps while vibrating the perforated plate trough to convey waste from the inlet 204 to the outlet 205. At this time, by changing the upper and lower positions of the mixed waste, the lightweight paper or plastic sheet under the incombustible material having a high specific gravity is reversed and can be sorted in a free state. Therefore, heavy incombustibles and lightweight combustibles can be efficiently sorted by wind power.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-1221 is disclosed as Patent Document 3. This “wind power sorter and aluminum recovery method using the same” is shown in FIG.

  The configuration is such that the waste supplied to the supply hopper 301 is conveyed to the discharge end of the vibration feeder by the vibration of the vibration feeder 302, dispersed at the same time as the transfer, and high-speed from the air nozzle 303 slightly inclined upward from the lower end of the discharge end to the front. A blower 304 is connected to eject an air flow. In addition, a branch plate 305 that separates a heavy object and a light object can be adjusted in front. In the mechanism, mixed high-speed air is blown from the air nozzle at the beginning of falling of the mixed waste at the discharge end of the vibratory feeder, so it hits the waste accurately, and light-weight items ride on the high-speed air and fly over the front branch plate. Therefore, there is an advantage that the collection position becomes clear.

  JP 10-174931 A   JP 2003-164806 A   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-1221

  In Patent Document 1, ascending air flows from the lower part of the chute in which a plurality of vertical-shaped chutes continuously run vertically, so that the waste is about to fall freely. Is clearly separated in the vertical direction. Therefore, it is highly accurate for sorting heavy objects such as stones with heavy specific gravity and light objects such as paper that are light and wide in area. However, since the mixed waste is supplied from the waste hopper to the wind sorting zone via the chute, the force to separate the mixed waste does not work, so light weight is attached to the heavy load or entangled. As it is, it is in a free fall state in the wind sorting zone, and the light material attached to the heavy object is collected on the heavy object side almost as it is attached, or relatively wide like paper or plastic sheet Those with an area are easily collected and collected as small floating incombustibles attached to the shade. In addition, since it is necessary to pass the entire chute cross-section at a uniform wind speed in the wind sorting zone, there are many voids for the input waste, so a large amount of air is required for the raw material. And since the air volume is large, the device for separating and collecting the matter collected on the suspended matter side becomes relatively large, so that the cost becomes high.

  In Patent Document 2, the waste on the trough is conveyed from the inlet side to the outlet side by vibration. The trough is a perforated plate. Since the lower part of the perforated plate trough is an air chamber, the air supplied to the air chamber rises from the lower part of the trough through the perforated plate. On the trough that transports the waste, since it cannot be separated by a wind blown from the lower part by a heavy object on the light object, a plurality of descending steps are provided. It is expected that the lightweight object that has been lowered by this descending step and the heavy object that has been on it will reverse when it falls. However, it is difficult to separate a lightweight object attached to a heavy object simply by inverting it. Therefore, it is difficult to improve the sorting accuracy because the heavy object and the light object are simply reversed several times.

  In Patent Document 3, high-speed air is ejected from an air nozzle obliquely upward from the lower portion of the feeder toward the discharge end portion at the discharge end portion of the vibration feeder, and heavy objects that do not ride on the air flow fall directly to the lower portion. The lightweight object is a mechanism that rides on the flow of air to be ejected and is carried to the front lightweight object recovery point and recovered. However, what is separated at the tip of the feeder is highly likely to be as planned, but the separation function up to the tip of the feeder is only due to vibration, so it is not in the expected separation state. . Therefore, since it tries to sort with air that is ejected in an adhering state or in an entangled state, many unseparated items can be collected on the heavy object side by collecting a light object, Since there are many things that are blown away and collected on the lightweight object side, high purity after sorting cannot be expected.

  In these wastes, heavy and lightweight materials are attached due to moisture, oil, or the like. An effective mechanism for separation is not added to the sorting device side. The configuration of the present invention for solving these two major problems at once will be described below.

  A horizontally long box-shaped casing that is partitioned into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a trough and inclines downward from the supply port side toward the discharge end, vibration means that vibrates the entire casing, and air in an air inlet provided in the lower chamber And a ceiling of the upper chamber are provided substantially parallel to the inclination of the trough, a waste supply port is provided on one end side of the upper chamber, and a discharge end is provided on the other end side of the upper chamber, The bottom of the discharge end of the upper chamber and the lower chamber is surrounded by a flexible sealing material, and a bifurcated discharge chute that collects heavy and lightweight items in a separated state is connected to the top of the discharge chute, In the waste sorting apparatus provided with a suction hood for trapping the separated floating lightweight object and the air to be collected, the supply port side trough in the upper chamber of the box-shaped casing descends in the discharge direction. Incline Stepwise is provided with a plurality of stepped-down portion. Air jet nozzles protrude from the lower chambers almost parallel to the troughs at the bottom of each trough step, but the vertical position is hidden in the trough eaves so that falling waste does not hit them. A nozzle for ejecting air is also provided from the lower chamber serving as the trough discharge end, and the nozzle is ejected at an angle of about 35 degrees above the horizontal and obliquely upward in the discharge direction. In addition, a damper that can adjust the amount of air supplied to the lower chamber is provided in the air duct, and the speed at which the air is ejected from the nozzle at the discharge end is higher than the speed of the air ejected from the ejection nozzle on the supply port side. It is set to be faster.

  The multi-stage configuration of the nozzle that blows out air from the air knife through an elongated, uniform opening that is almost the full width of the box-shaped casing, and that the nozzle ejection speed at the discharge end is faster than the nozzle ejection speed at the previous stage, The reason why the ejection angle is arranged toward the front upper part is as follows.

  The crushed mixed waste is difficult to separate and disperse even if it is moved forward on the trough by vibration. For example, if a relatively large heavy stone or glass is placed on top of a lightweight sheet-like paper or cloth, the waste conveyance speed is almost the same as the vibration conveyance speed, so separation is not performed. In order to separate each of these mixed states, a stepped trough is used, so that the upper one and the lower one are reversed when the step falls, and the nozzle is injected into the mixture in the free state at the time of dropping. When the air is applied, the lightweight object attached to the heavy object is easily peeled off. If this method is continued a plurality of times, the probability of separation is high. Since the final stepped-down portion has been almost separated so far, the air blown from the nozzle can be accurately applied to each object to be sorted. The individual objects to be sorted are blown to the front lightweight object discharge port by riding on the air flow blown toward the oblique upper part in the discharge direction when the final nozzle has a blowing angle of about 35 °. The air ejection speed at the separation nozzle in the section is subject to separation, but the air speed ejected from the final nozzle is large in order to fly the selected lightweight object to the specified collection location in addition to the separation wind speed. is necessary. Further, since the wind speed is fast, a further separation effect can be obtained.

  The behavior of waste with respect to airflow is as follows. The slender wooden chip corrects its posture in the direction of least resistance when it receives air resistance, so it is difficult to float with a small amount of air. In addition, relatively large cloth pieces change their posture freely when subjected to air resistance, so air that tries to resist due to a slight difference in balance will escape from the edge of the cloth piece, so a small amount It is difficult to float in air. However, in this plan, separation is performed with air blown out a plurality of times at the trough section, and separation, sorting, and blowing away to the collection point of the lightweight object are performed at the discharge end with a strong air volume.

  Even if the mixed waste is conveyed by vibration on the trough or the waste is reversed as a paragraph, heavy and light weight cannot be separated as desired. However, in the present plan, air is blown from the air nozzle at the time when the falling waste is in a free state on a plurality of paragraphs in the middle of conveyance, so that a heavy object and a light object are easily separated by air pressure. Moreover, since the paragraph is performed a plurality of times, the probability of separation is high. In addition, the air strongly ejected from the air nozzle at the end of the trough makes it easy to carry heavy, light, and floating materials to the respective transport destinations, thereby enabling high-precision sorting. In the conventional example, the air flow applied to the wind separator of the dog-shaped chute needs to allow the air to be evenly sorted through the entire surface of the chute. Since only the amount of air that blows the product up to a predetermined location is required, the air blowing equipment, the equipment that collects the air and floating substances that are contaminated by sorting, and the equipment that cleans the polluted air used for sorting become smaller. Therefore, the cost for these facilities can be reduced.

A longitudinal sectional view showing a waste sorting apparatus of an embodiment Sectional drawing along the AA line of FIG. 1 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing the discharge end portion of FIG. Longitudinal sectional view showing "Wind sorter" of Patent Document 1 Longitudinal sectional view showing "Wind sorter device" of Patent Document 2 Longitudinal sectional view showing "Wind sorter and aluminum recovery method using the same" in Patent Document 3

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sorting apparatus is divided into an upper chamber 2 and a lower chamber 3 by a trough 1, and a horizontally long box-shaped casing 6 that inclines downward from the supply port 4 toward the discharge end 5; The box-shaped casing 6 is suspended by a plurality of coil springs 7 to vibrate, and air is passed through dampers 11, 11 a that adjust the air volume via bellows 10 to the air intakes 9, 9 a in the lower chamber 3. The ceiling of the upper chamber 2 and the ceiling of the upper chamber 2 are provided substantially parallel to the trough step-like slope, and the discharge chamber side periphery of the upper chamber and the lower chamber is surrounded by a flexible sealing material 13, and the other of the sealing materials is In addition, it is connected to a bifurcated discharge chute 14 that collects a heavy object and a light object in a separated state. In addition, a rotatable roller 15 is connected to an external drive unit 16 on the bifurcated discharge chute branch line, and a suction hood 17 for trapping air for collecting the separated suspended matter is disposed above the discharge chute 14. In a waste sorting apparatus that separates and collects suspended matter and polluted air collected by a cyclone 18, a bag filter 19, and an exhaust fan 20 in a duct connected to the hood 17, and exhausts clean air. A plurality of stepped portions are provided in a stepwise manner with a downward slope from the trough 1 on the supply port side of the upper chamber toward the discharge end.

  A nozzle 21 from which air is ejected protrudes from the lower chamber substantially parallel to the trough 1 at the bottom of each trough 1 step, but the vertical relationship is such that the falling waste does not hit the eaves. Hiding in.

  A nozzle 21a from which air is ejected is also provided from the lower chamber 3a which is the final end of the trough 1, and the angle at which the nozzle 21a is ejected is disposed approximately 35 ° upward in the discharge direction from the horizontal. Moreover, the damper 11a which can adjust the air quantity supplied to the lower chamber 3a is provided in the ventilation duct, and it blows from the nozzle 21a of a discharge end from the wind speed which blows off from the nozzle 21 in the supply port 4 side. The speed is set to be faster.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the configuration of the nozzle 21 in which the air of the air knife blows out from the elongated uniform nozzle opening 22 which is almost the full width of the box-shaped casing 6 is made multistage, and the ejection speed of the nozzle 21a at the discharge end is The reason why the nozzle ejection speed is made higher than the nozzle ejection speed in the previous stage and the ejection angle is arranged in the upper obliquely upper part will be described below together with FIG.

  Even if the crushed mixed waste is moved forward on the trough 1 by vibration, it is difficult to disperse. For example, if a relatively large heavy object 25 such as stone or glass is placed on the upper part of a sheet-like paper or cloth of a light object 23 such as a piece of wood or a floating object 24 that is easily affected by wind, it is conveyed by vibration. Since it is the same transport speed as the speed, it is not separated.

  In order to separate each from the mixed state of waste, a stepped trough is used, so that the upper one and the lower one are reversed when stepping down to promote separation, and the nozzle in the free state mixture at the time of falling further When the air jetted from 21 is applied, the lightweight object 23 and the floating substance 24 attached to the heavy object 25 are easily peeled off.

  If the separation is continued a plurality of times, the probability of separation is high. Since the stepped-down portion at the discharge end is almost separated by then, the air blown from the nozzle 21a can be applied to each waste accurately.

  The individual waste is blown to the front lightweight object discharge port by riding on the air flow blown toward the oblique upper part in the discharge direction when the discharge angle of the nozzle 21a at the lower end of the discharge end is about 35 ° from the horizontal.

  The air ejection speed at the separation nozzle 21 at the stage of separation is subject to separation, but the air speed ejected from the nozzle 21a at the discharge end part is sent to the predetermined collection place in addition to the separation air speed. Therefore, a large air volume is necessary. Further, since the wind speed is fast, a further separation effect can be obtained.

  The behavior of waste with respect to airflow is as follows.

  The slender wooden chip corrects its posture in the direction of least resistance when it receives air resistance, so it is difficult to float with a small amount of air. A relatively large piece of cloth will change its posture freely when subjected to air resistance, so air that tries to resist it due to a slight difference in balance will escape from the edge of the cloth piece. Then there is a nature that is hard to float. However, in this plan, separation is performed with air blown out a plurality of times at the trough section, and separation, sorting, and blowing away to the collection point of the lightweight object are performed at the discharge end with a strong air volume.

  The present invention relates to a waste sorting apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Trough 2 Upper chamber 3 Lower chamber 3a Lower chamber 4 Supply port 5 Discharge end 6 Box-shaped casing 7 Coil spring 8 Vibration means 9 Air intake 9a Air intake 10 Bellows 11 Damper 11a Damper 12 Blower 13 Sealing material 14 Discharge chute 15 Roller 16 Drive 17 Suction hood 18 Cyclone 19 Bag filter 20 Ventilator 21 Nozzle 21a Nozzle 22 Nozzle opening 23 Lightweight object 24 Floating substance 25 Heavy object 101 Chute 102 Supply hopper 103 Recovery device 104 Storage hopper 201 Wind sorter 202 Blower 203 Porous Plate trough 204 Input port 205 Discharge port 301 Supply hopper 302 Vibration feeder 303 Air nozzle 304 Blower 305 Branch plate

Claims (1)

  A horizontally long box-shaped casing having a supply port on one end side and a discharge end on the other end side and partitioned into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a trough, vibration means for vibrating the casing as a whole, and provided in the lower chamber Means for supplying air to the air intake; a ceiling in the upper chamber; a periphery of the discharge end side of the box-shaped casing and a periphery of the entrance of the discharge chute are surrounded by a sealing material; and a suction hood is provided above the discharge chute In a waste sorting apparatus in which an air purifier for separating collected substances is connected to the suction hood, the lower chamber is divided into a plurality of air chambers, and the air chambers are sequentially arranged in a stepped manner toward the discharge end. The nozzle protrudes from the lower chamber substantially parallel to the eaves of the trough at the lower part of the stepped part, the tip of the nozzle is within the eaves tip, the nozzle under the trough eaves of the discharge end, Horizontal Disposed in the discharge direction obliquely upward at an angle of 35 ° ± 10 °, sorting device of the speed of ejecting air from the nozzle, the waste characterized by adjustable and the it is possible to establish a high speed.

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