JP2016175060A - 失活した水素化脱硫触媒の触媒活性回復のための現場洗浄方法 - Google Patents
失活した水素化脱硫触媒の触媒活性回復のための現場洗浄方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
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- B01J38/50—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
- B01J38/58—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids and gas addition thereto
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
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- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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Abstract
【解決手段】失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復させる方法であって、a)工業的芳香族型改質物を含む溶媒の流れを失活触媒の床内に導入するステップと、b)温度を30〜70℃、好ましくは40〜60℃、より好ましくは45〜55℃の範囲内で上昇させるステップと、c)不活性ガスの流れを洗浄系内に導入するステップであって、不活性ガスが好ましくは窒素でもよく、しかしアルゴン又はヘリウムも使用できるステップと、d)窒素の圧力を30〜80kg/cm2の範囲内で、好ましくは45〜70kg/cm2の間に、より好ましくは60〜65kg/cm2の間に増加させるステップと、を含む失活触媒の再生方法。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明の主目的は、ディーゼル油の水素化処理プロセスにおける使用済み工業的水素化脱硫(hydrodesulfurization:HDS)触媒に吸着している汚染物質、コーク、の部分的除去である。この目的を達成するために、以下の組成の炭化水素を使用する必要がある。メチル化単環芳香族、脂肪族1価アルコール及び製油所のナフサ改質装置で得られる改質生成物、又は改質生成物のみの使用でもよく、失活触媒と接触して、触媒表面に吸着した汚染物質を溶解する。
失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性特性を回復するための失活触媒への処理を示す次の特許及び論文は、失活触媒のHDS活性を取り戻す非酸化的選択肢の基本として取り上げた。
15%に希釈されたH2SO4タイプの無機酸の溶液を使用する、重質炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒の若返りに使用された手順(1、2)とは異なり、本発明では環境上のリスク及び結果として工業設備にもたらし得る腐食により、それを適用しない。水素化処理触媒廃棄物中の[Ni+V]などの金属汚染物質を除去する必要があるこれらの処理を、本新発明では必要としない。
本発明は、製油所におけるプライマリーライトガスオイルの水素化処理の間に失活した触媒の毒としての汚染物質の洗浄方法(procedure)に関する。洗浄剤は、異なる化学的系統の3〜12個の炭素原子の炭化水素からなり、特に、より小さい割合のアルコール群、より大きい割合の単環芳香族群、及びかなり大きな割合のC5+炭化水素群(特にC5+ナフサ改質物と呼ばれ、製油所でナフサを触媒改質した生成物)である。したがって本発明の目的は、触媒の外表面に稼働時間を通じて蓄積する、プライマリーライトガスオイル水素化処理での工業的な失活触媒の汚染物質を洗浄する方法を提供することである。
触媒床の容積に応じて、評価装置中で使用する容積を測定するステップからなる。本発明のプロセスは、液空間速度(LHSV)が5〜1h−1、より好ましくは2.5〜2.0h−1の間であること、これは時間当たりの溶媒の廃棄を最低限にすることを意図しており、触媒床の容積の2倍である、を推奨しているので、このステップは重要である。
失活触媒の工業的な再活性化処理に使用する汚染物質洗浄用液体混合物を定式化する。製油所からのナフサ改質物の流れ、トルエン及びイソプロピルアルコールなどの工業グレード溶媒を入手する。処理する触媒床の容積及び洗浄サイクルの持続時間に基づいて、実行する処理の総容積として、次式を計算する。
最低必要容積(L、容積単位)=LHSV*H*VLC
式中、
空間速度LHSV=用いた=2H−1
VLC=床中の触媒容積、容積(L、容積単位)
H=処理に必要な時間=24又は72
メキシコのプライマリーライトガスオイルの水素化処理装置中に5年間あって、工業的に失活した触媒のエージング度の診断として、この試料を徹底的に分析し、触媒の細孔に付着した炭素が主要な触媒毒であると明らかにした。
(A)改質物−トルエン−2−プロパノールの混合物
洗浄の混合物を室温で実行し、最初に、改質ナフサの必要体積を適切な容器中に置くが、この第1の溶媒が50容量%を構成するように計算する。ただちに、分量の単環芳香族溶媒、すなわちトルエンを35容量%の割合で加えた。同時に、それぞれ、イソプロピルアルコールを15容量%で加えた。
[72時間×120ml]=8,640mlと一致した。
(B)工業的性質の流動の洗浄混合物(改質物)
この特定のケースでの洗浄混合物は、排他的であり、Ciuded Madero製油所から得られる工業的な流動の改質物であり、改質物は、炭化水素混合物からなり、高い割合のトルエン、ナフテン系化合物及び、より少ない量のパラフィン系化合物で、すべては5〜12個の範囲の炭素原子である。失活した工業的触媒のHDS活性回復の応答に基づいて、この手順では洗浄時間を低減することが可能であり、より長い時間をかけると、効果がプラスでは無かったことによる。
(C)改質物−トルエン−2−プロパノール混合物(3サイクルの再循環)
この手順は実施例2で使用したのと同じ溶媒混合物で行うが、方法が異なり、洗浄溶媒は24時間を3サイクルの再循環を含み、溶媒を節約し汚染物質洗浄の間に使用する炭化水素を最小限にする。使用条件を表6に示すが、消費する溶媒の低減は処理時間に影響しない。
3つの異なる手順を使用する失活触媒の洗浄処理の有効性を評価するために、上述の表3に示したプライマリーライトガスオイルを使用する同じHDS活性評価法を使用して、洗浄手順A、B及びC(それぞれ実施例2、3及び4)を失活触媒(実施例1)の活性と比較した。
実施例3において、失活触媒のコーク洗浄に使用する溶媒の影響の測定として、現場(in‐situ)回復処理装置の出口で、汚染された改質物の硫黄含有量を分析した。洗浄後に得られる改質物の硫黄含有量を低減するために、高気孔率(AP)のアルミナ担体を使用して、室温、1ステップで吸着の検討を行い、第2の代替策として、130℃でのソックスレー器具による分離を実施した。こうした流れ中に存在する硫黄の結果を次表に示す。
1) US Patent 4,863,884, Kenneth G. Tasker,John D. Milligan, HRI Inc., Method for Rejuvenating Used Catalysts, Sep 5 1989.
2) US Patent 5,230,791, David E. Sherwood,Texaco Development Co., Process for the reactivation of spent alumina-supportedhydrotreating catalysts, July 27, 1993.
3) US Patent 5´254,513David Sherwood Jr, Johnnie R. Hardee, Texaco Inc., Method for the reactivationof spent alumina-supported hydrotreating catalysts, October 19, 1993
3) US Patent 5´445,728,David E. Sherwood Jr., Johnnie R. Hardee Jr., TEXACO INC., Method for thereactivation of spent alumina-supported hydrotreating catalysts, August29, 1995
4) US Patent Number 5,906,953, Duddy JohnE., Abrams Lawrence M. Hildebrandt Steven J., Catalyst Rejuvenation Process,published by May 25 1999.
5) US Patent 6,843,813 B1, Hugh FrederickCollins, Rejuvenation and/or cleaning of catalysts, published by Jan 18 2005.
6) US Patent Application 20090261019,McCarthy, Stephen J.; Bai, Chuansheng; Borghard, William G.; Lewis, William E.,ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Hydroprocessing using rejuvenatedsupported Hydroprocessing catalysts, (2009).
7) Mohamadbeigy KH, Binesh R., Study of theeffective parameters of hydrotreating catalysts regeneration. Petroleum andCoke (2005), 47(3), 21-25.
8) Abdullah, HA; Hauser A; Ali A; Al-AdwaniA, Optimal conditions for coke extraction of spent catalyst byaccelerated solvent extraction compared to Soxhlet. Energy & Fuels (2006),20, 320-323.
9) M. F. Menoufy and H. S. Ahmed; Treatmentand reuse of spent hydrotreating catalyst; Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery,Utilization, and Environmental Effects; Energy Sources (2008), Part A, 30:1213-1222.
10) Zhao, Y; Gray, M. R; Wei, F. Rejuvenation of residue hydroconversion catalyst by H-donor solvents. Catal.Lett. (2008), 125, 69-75.
11) A. Dehgani, Kh. Forsat, Kh.Mohammadbeigy, S.H.Boroojerdi, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry,Tehran, Iran; Experimental study on recovery of spent hydrocracking catalyst;Petroleum and Coke (2009), 51(3), 167-171.
12) Alexandre Luiz de Souza Pereira,Cristiano Nunes da Silva e Julio Carlos Alfonso, The Importance ofPre-Treatment of Spent Hydrotreating Catalysts on Metal Recovery, Quim. Nova(2011), Volume 34, No. 1, 145-150
Claims (13)
- 失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復させる方法であって、
a)工業的芳香族型改質物を含む溶媒の流れを失活触媒の床内に導入するステップと、
b)温度を30〜70℃、好ましくは40〜60℃、より好ましくは45〜55℃の範囲内で上昇させるステップと、
c)不活性ガスの流れを洗浄系内に導入するステップであって、不活性ガスが好ましくは窒素でもよく、しかしアルゴン又はヘリウムも使用できるステップと、
d)窒素の圧力を30〜80kg/cm2の範囲内で、好ましくは45〜70kg/cm2の間に、より好ましくは60〜65kg/cm2の間に増加させるステップと
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 改質物が120℃の初期沸点及び230℃の最終沸点を有する精製油の流れである、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 改質物が、パラフィン系、イソパラフィン系、オレフィン系、ナフテン系及び芳香族系の、5〜12個の炭素原子である炭化水素の混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業グレードの改質物が単一の溶媒として使用でき、24時間まで洗浄できる、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業グレードの改質物が、好ましくは8〜4の容積比、しかしさらに好ましくは5〜3.5の容積比で、トルエンを用いて希釈され使用されることが可能である、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業グレードの改質物が、好ましくは5〜1.5の容積比、より好ましくは4〜1の容積比で、パラフィン系アルコールを用いて希釈されて使用されることが可能であり、パラフィン系アルコールが、エチルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n−プロピルアルコールでもよく、しかしより好ましくはイソプロピルアルコールである、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業的改質物がトルエン及びイソプロピルアルコールとそれぞれ1:0.7:0.3の容積比で混合され、72時間の連続した期間単独洗浄を実施する、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業グレードの改質物がトルエン及びイソプロピルアルコールとそれぞれ1:0.7:0.3の容積比で混合でき、3回の24時間サイクルで合計時間72時間の洗浄を実施して、溶媒混合物の再循環を用いる、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業的に改質された生成物がトルエン及びイソプロピルアルコールと混合され(容積比1:0.7:0.3)、この触媒のコークを最低72時間洗浄する、請求項1及び7に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 工業的改質物がトルエン及びイソプロピルアルコールと混合され(容積比1:0.7:0.3)、この触媒のコークを24時間洗浄し、回収した溶媒が、失活触媒を含む床に戻されて24時間再循環し、再び72時間の再循環を完了するまでこの溶媒混合物を用いて洗浄する、請求項1及び8に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 改質物を、トルエン及びイソプロピルアルコールの添加により、1:0.7:0.3の容積比で50容量%に調整して、72時間貫流式に洗浄することによる、請求項1に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 24時間から72時間までの範囲の処理時間で、失活触媒を含む反応器の現場に適用することを特徴とする、請求項4、7、8、9及び10に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
- 現場への適用が、洗浄した触媒の表面炭素の18.7%〜27.7重量%の間での減少を引き起こし、さらにMoS2種の変化としてXPSにより観察される触媒の活性サイトを回復し、洗浄した触媒における57.7%の初期値が平均70%に変化する、請求項1、4、7、8及び12に記載の失活触媒の水素化脱硫活性をオンラインで回復する方法。
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- 2014-12-11 MX MX2014015227A patent/MX380335B/es unknown
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- 2015-11-30 US US14/954,176 patent/US10512906B2/en active Active
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CN111097514A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种低活性加氢改质降凝催化剂活性恢复的方法 |
CN111097514B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2022-03-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种低活性加氢改质降凝催化剂活性恢复的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX380335B (es) | 2025-03-11 |
MX2014015227A (es) | 2016-06-10 |
US20160167039A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
US10512906B2 (en) | 2019-12-24 |
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