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JP2016145706A - Pulverized coal firing boiler facility - Google Patents

Pulverized coal firing boiler facility Download PDF

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JP2016145706A
JP2016145706A JP2016003350A JP2016003350A JP2016145706A JP 2016145706 A JP2016145706 A JP 2016145706A JP 2016003350 A JP2016003350 A JP 2016003350A JP 2016003350 A JP2016003350 A JP 2016003350A JP 2016145706 A JP2016145706 A JP 2016145706A
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pulverized coal
coal
woody biomass
machine
pulverized
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JP6816361B2 (en
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紗依加 高松
Saeka Takamatsu
紗依加 高松
利勝 成田
Toshikatsu Narita
利勝 成田
忠利 石黒
Tadatoshi Ishiguro
忠利 石黒
慶一 佐々木
Keiichi Sasaki
慶一 佐々木
祥精 三浦
Shosei Miura
祥精 三浦
昭 菅藤
Akira Sugafuji
昭 菅藤
宏明 前川
Hiroaki Maekawa
宏明 前川
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
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Abstract

【課題】微粉炭焚きボイラ設備において、木質バイオマスを効率的に燃焼させる。【解決手段】石炭の微粉炭をバーナ15で燃焼させる微粉炭焚きのボイラ設備1であって、石炭を粉砕して微粉炭を生成する微粉炭機10と、微粉炭機10に石炭を供給する給炭機12と、微粉炭機10に規定値以下の粒度の木質バイオマスを供給する木質バイオマス供給装置20と、微粉炭機10で生成された微粉炭と、微粉炭機10に供給されて粉砕された木質バイオマスを、混合した状態でバーナ15に導入する燃料供給管16と、を有する。【選択図】図1PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently burn woody biomass in a pulverized coal-fired boiler facility. SOLUTION: This is a pulverized coal-fired boiler facility 1 for burning pulverized coal of coal with a burner 15, and supplies coal to a pulverized coal machine 10 for crushing coal to generate pulverized coal and a pulverized coal machine 10. A coal feeder 12, a woody biomass supply device 20 that supplies woody biomass having a particle size equal to or less than a specified value to the pulverized coal machine 10, pulverized coal produced by the pulverized coal machine 10, and pulverized by being supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10. It has a fuel supply pipe 16 for introducing the produced woody biomass into the burner 15 in a mixed state. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

本発明は、例えば石炭の微粉炭を燃焼させるボイラ設備、特に、木質バイオマスと微粉炭の混焼を行うボイラ設備に関するものである。   The present invention relates to, for example, a boiler facility for burning pulverized coal coal, and particularly to a boiler facility for co-firing woody biomass and pulverized coal.

石炭(微粉炭)を燃料とするボイラ設備においては、石炭をバーナで燃焼させるのに適した粒度にするために、石炭サイロに貯留した石炭を給炭機により微粉炭機に供給して所望の粒度以下に粉砕する。微粉炭機で粉砕された石炭は、一次通風機により微粉炭機に供給される燃焼空気に随伴して微粉炭機から排出される。そしてこの微粉炭はバーナに供給され、ボイラ設備の火炉内に供給されて燃焼される。   In a boiler facility using coal (pulverized coal) as fuel, coal stored in the coal silo is supplied to the pulverized coal machine by a coal feeder in order to obtain a particle size suitable for burning coal with a burner. Grind to below particle size. The coal pulverized by the pulverized coal machine is discharged from the pulverized coal machine along with the combustion air supplied to the pulverized coal machine by the primary ventilator. And this pulverized coal is supplied to a burner, is supplied into the furnace of a boiler facility, and is burned.

ところで近年、温暖化ガス排出削減の観点から、間伐材や廃木材から得られた木質ペレットや木くずといった、いわゆる木質バイオマスをボイラ設備で燃焼させることで、化石燃料の消費量低減を図る技術の開発が進められている。   By the way, in recent years, from the viewpoint of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, development of technology to reduce fossil fuel consumption by burning so-called woody biomass such as wood pellets and wood scraps obtained from thinned wood and waste wood in boiler equipment Is underway.

この木質バイオマスをボイラ設備の燃料として用いるにあたっては、微粉炭機で石炭と共に粉砕してボイラ設備で燃焼させるのが最も効率的である。また通常、微粉炭機の設備容量には10%〜20%程度の余裕があるため、微粉炭機に木質バイオマスを追加で投入しても設備容量的には特に支障はない。   When this woody biomass is used as fuel for boiler equipment, it is most efficient to pulverize it with coal using a pulverized coal machine and burn it in the boiler equipment. Moreover, since the equipment capacity of a pulverized coal machine usually has a margin of about 10% to 20%, there is no particular problem in terms of equipment capacity even if wood biomass is additionally added to the pulverized coal machine.

しかしながら、木質バイオマスは石炭と異なり圧縮性があり、また石炭と比重も異なるため、石炭粉砕用の微粉炭機では所望の粒度(燃焼に適した粒度)に粉砕しにくいという問題がある。かかる場合、所望の粒度に粉砕されなかった木質バイオマスは、一次通風機からの燃焼空気により微粉炭機から排出されず、微粉炭機内に残留してしまう。その結果、微粉炭機の運転が継続できなくなり、ボイラ設備の負荷を低下させる必要が生じる恐れがある。   However, unlike biomass, woody biomass is compressible and has a specific gravity different from that of coal. Therefore, there is a problem that a pulverized coal machine for pulverizing coal is difficult to pulverize to a desired particle size (particle size suitable for combustion). In such a case, the woody biomass that has not been crushed to the desired particle size is not discharged from the pulverized coal machine by the combustion air from the primary ventilator, and remains in the pulverized coal machine. As a result, the operation of the pulverized coal machine cannot be continued, and it may be necessary to reduce the load on the boiler equipment.

そこで特許文献1では、木質バイオマスを燃焼に適した粒度に粉砕すると共に効率よく燃焼させるために、石炭粉砕用の微粉炭機とは別に木質バイオマス粉砕用の粉砕手段及び木質バイオマスを燃焼させるバーナを設けることが提案されている。また、特許文献1には、木質バイオマスを加熱してから粉砕手段で粉砕し、粉砕後の粒度が基準値を満たしていない場合、再度粉砕手段で粉砕することも提案されている。   Therefore, in Patent Document 1, in order to pulverize the woody biomass to a particle size suitable for combustion and efficiently burn it, a pulverizing means for pulverizing the woody biomass and a burner for burning the woody biomass are provided separately from the pulverized coal pulverizer. Proposed to provide. Patent Document 1 also proposes that the woody biomass is heated and then pulverized by the pulverizing means, and when the particle size after pulverization does not satisfy the standard value, it is pulverized again by the pulverizing means.

また、特許文献2にも、バイオマス専焼バーナを設けたバイオマス混焼ボイラが開示されている。さらに、特許文献3には、竹を含む木質バイオマスを効率的に利用するための加工方法が開示され、特許文献4には、リグニン分解能を有する白色腐朽菌を用いた木質バイオマスの前処理方法が開示されている。   Patent Document 2 also discloses a biomass mixed combustion boiler provided with a biomass-burning burner. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a processing method for efficiently using woody biomass containing bamboo, and Patent Document 4 discloses a pretreatment method for woody biomass using white rot fungi having lignin resolution. It is disclosed.

特開2014−37897号公報JP 2014-37897 A 特開2013−133944号公報JP 2013-133944 A 特開2012−219130号公報JP 2012-219130 A 特開2008−6372号公報JP 2008-6372 A

しかしながら、上記各特許文献のように木質バイオマスの粉砕及び燃焼のために専用の装置を設けるには多大なコストが掛かる。また、木質バイオマスは石炭と比較して燃料としての発熱量が非常に低く、エネルギー効率が悪い。そのため、木質バイオマス専用の設備を稼働させることはエネルギー効率の観点からもメリットが大きいとは言えない。   However, it is very expensive to provide a dedicated device for pulverizing and burning woody biomass as in the above-mentioned patent documents. In addition, woody biomass has a very low calorific value as fuel compared to coal, and is not energy efficient. Therefore, it cannot be said that operating a facility exclusively for woody biomass has a great merit from the viewpoint of energy efficiency.

したがって、現状のボイラ設備における木質バイオマスの燃料としての利用は、微粉炭機の内部に残留したとしても微粉炭機の運転継続に支障が無い程度、具体的には2〜3mass%程度を微粉炭機に供給して、微粉炭と共にバーナで混焼する程度に留まっている。そのため、ボイラ設備における木質バイオマスの効率的な燃焼方法の開発が求められている。   Therefore, the use of woody biomass as fuel in the current boiler equipment is to the extent that there is no hindrance to continued operation of the pulverized coal machine even if it remains inside the pulverized coal machine, specifically about 2 to 3 mass% of pulverized coal. It is only supplied to the machine and mixed with a pulverized coal with a burner. Therefore, development of an efficient combustion method of woody biomass in boiler facilities is required.

本発明はかかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、微粉炭焚きボイラ設備において、木質バイオマスを効率的に燃焼させることを目的としている。   This invention is made | formed in view of this point, and aims at combusting woody biomass efficiently in a pulverized coal fired boiler facility.

前記の目的を達成するための本発明は、石炭の微粉炭をバーナで燃焼させる微粉炭焚きのボイラ設備であって、前記石炭を粉砕して微粉炭を生成する微粉炭機と、前記微粉炭機に石炭を供給する石炭供給装置と、前記微粉炭機に規定値以下の粒度の木質バイオマスを供給する木質バイオマス供給装置と、前記微粉炭機で生成された微粉炭と、前記微粉炭機に供給された木質バイオマスを、混合した状態で前記バーナに導入する燃料供給管と、を有することを特徴としている。   The present invention for achieving the above object is a pulverized coal-fired boiler facility that burns coal pulverized coal with a burner, and pulverizes the coal to produce pulverized coal, and the pulverized coal A coal supply device that supplies coal to the machine, a woody biomass supply device that supplies woody biomass having a particle size below a specified value to the pulverized coal machine, pulverized coal generated by the pulverized coal machine, and the pulverized coal machine And a fuel supply pipe for introducing the supplied woody biomass into the burner in a mixed state.

本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、木質バイオマスは主にセルロースと呼ばれる繊維質により構成されており、このセルロースが石炭粉砕用の微粉炭機において木質バイオマスの粉砕が困難となる原因の一つであるとの知見を得た。そして本発明者らはこの知見に基づいて、石炭粉砕用の微粉炭機で木質バイオマスを効率的に粉砕する方法について鋭意検討し、微粉炭機に供給する木質バイオマスの粒度を規定値以下とする、即ち、木質バイオマスのセルロースを所定の寸法以下に寸断しておけば、木質バイオマスが微粉炭機内で粉砕されやすくなり、木質バイオマスが残留することを防止できるとの着想を得た。本発明はこの着想に基づくものであり、本発明によれば、微粉炭機に規定値以下の粒度の木質バイオマスを供給する木質バイオマス供給装置を有しているので、微粉炭機に木質バイオマスを供給しても微粉炭機の運転継続が困難となることがない。したがって、微粉炭機に供給する木質バイオマスの量を従来よりも増加させることができる。その結果、木質バイオマス専用の燃焼設備等を設けることなく、微粉炭焚きボイラ設備において効率的に木質バイオマスを燃焼させることができる。   As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, the woody biomass is mainly composed of a fiber called cellulose, and this cellulose is one of the causes that makes it difficult to pulverize the woody biomass in a coal pulverizer. The knowledge that there is. And based on this knowledge, the present inventors diligently studied a method for efficiently pulverizing wood biomass with a pulverized coal pulverizer, and set the particle size of the wood biomass supplied to the pulverized coal maker to a specified value or less. That is, the idea was obtained that if the cellulose in the woody biomass is cut to a predetermined size or less, the woody biomass can be easily pulverized in the pulverized coal machine, and the woody biomass can be prevented from remaining. The present invention is based on this idea, and according to the present invention, the pulverized coal machine has a woody biomass supply device for supplying woody biomass having a particle size of a specified value or less to the pulverized coal machine. Even if it is supplied, it is not difficult to continue the operation of the pulverized coal machine. Therefore, the amount of woody biomass supplied to the pulverized coal machine can be increased as compared with the conventional case. As a result, wood biomass can be efficiently burned in a pulverized coal fired boiler facility without providing a combustion facility dedicated to wood biomass.

前記微粉炭焚きボイラ装置において、前記木質バイオマス供給装置が、さらに乾燥機能を有してもよい。また、前記微粉炭機に供給される木質バイオマスの粒度の規定値は、ふるいのメッシュ数で4メッシュ以上であってもよい。なお、粒度がふるいのメッシュ数で4メッシュであるとは、ふるいの目開きが概ね4.76mmのふるいを通過する程度の粒度をいう。   In the pulverized coal fired boiler apparatus, the woody biomass supply apparatus may further have a drying function. Further, the specified value of the particle size of the woody biomass supplied to the pulverized coal machine may be 4 mesh or more in terms of the number of meshes of the sieve. Note that the particle size is 4 meshes in terms of the number of meshes of the sieve, which means a particle size such that the mesh opening of the sieve passes through a 4.76 mm sieve.

本発明によれば、微粉炭焚きボイラ設備において、木質バイオマスを効率的に燃焼させることができ、混焼率を増やすことができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, wood biomass can be burned efficiently in a pulverized coal burning boiler facility, and a co-firing rate can be increased.

本実施の形態にかかる微粉炭焚きボイラ設備の構成の概略を示す系統図である。It is a systematic diagram which shows the outline of a structure of the pulverized coal burning boiler equipment concerning this Embodiment.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。図1は本実施の形態にかかるボイラ設備1の構成の概略を示す説明図である。なお、本実施の形態におけるボイラ設備1は、石炭を粉砕した微粉炭を燃料とする微粉炭焚きボイラである。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Drawing 1 is an explanatory view showing the outline of the composition of boiler equipment 1 concerning this embodiment. In addition, the boiler equipment 1 in this Embodiment is a pulverized coal burning boiler which uses the pulverized coal which pulverized coal as a fuel.

ボイラ設備1は、石炭を燃焼させる火炉2と、火炉2に燃料としての石炭及び木質バイオマスを供給する燃料供給系統3と、火炉2に石炭燃焼用の燃焼空気を供給すると共に、火炉2から石炭燃焼後の排ガスを排出する通風系統4と、を有している。   The boiler facility 1 includes a furnace 2 that burns coal, a fuel supply system 3 that supplies coal and woody biomass as fuel to the furnace 2, and combustion air for coal combustion is supplied to the furnace 2, and coal from the furnace 2 And a ventilation system 4 for discharging exhaust gas after combustion.

燃料供給系統3には、石炭を粉砕して微粉炭を生成する複数の微粉炭機10と、微粉炭機10に供給する石炭を一時的に貯留する石炭バンカ11と、石炭バンカ11から微粉炭機10に所定量の石炭を供給する石炭供給装置としての給炭機12と、例えば運炭船などから石炭を受け入れて貯蔵する受入ホッパ13と、受入ホッパ13内の石炭を各石炭バンカ11に搬送する搬送コンベヤ14が設けられている。なお図1では、2台の微粉炭機10が設けられ、各微粉炭機10に対して石炭バンカ11と給炭機12がそれぞれ設けられているが、微粉炭機10などの設置数は本実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、任意に設定できる。   The fuel supply system 3 includes a plurality of pulverized coal machines 10 that pulverize coal to generate pulverized coal, a coal bunker 11 that temporarily stores coal to be supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10, and pulverized coal from the coal bunker 11. A coal feeder 12 serving as a coal supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of coal to the machine 10, a receiving hopper 13 that receives and stores coal from, for example, a coal carrier, and the coal in the receiving hopper 13 is supplied to each coal bunker 11. A transport conveyor 14 for transport is provided. In FIG. 1, two pulverized coal machines 10 are provided, and a coal bunker 11 and a coal feeder 12 are provided for each pulverized coal machine 10. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment and can be set arbitrarily.

各微粉炭機10には、火炉2に設けられたバーナ15に微粉炭を供給する燃料供給管16が接続されている。図1に示すように、バーナ15は微粉炭機10と同数設けられており、燃料供給管16はバーナ15と微粉炭機10を一対一で接続している。   Each pulverized coal machine 10 is connected to a fuel supply pipe 16 that supplies pulverized coal to a burner 15 provided in the furnace 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the burners 15 are provided in the same number as the pulverized coal machines 10, and the fuel supply pipe 16 connects the burners 15 and the pulverized coal machines 10 on a one-to-one basis.

また、燃料供給系統3には、木質バイオマスを切削して規定値以下の粒度で木質バイオマスを供給する木質バイオマス供給装置20と、木質バイオマス供給装置20から供給された木質バイオマスを一旦貯留すると共に、搬送コンベヤ14に木質バイオマスを払い出す木質バイオマスホッパ21が設けられている。木質バイオマスホッパ21から払い出された木質バイオマスは、搬送コンベヤ14を介して石炭バンカ11に搬送される。したがって、石炭バンカ11内には石炭と木質バイオマス供給装置20で所定の粒度に切削された木質バイオマスが混在した状態となり、微粉炭機10には石炭と木質バイオマスとが供給される。   In addition, the fuel supply system 3 temporarily stores the wood biomass supplied from the wood biomass supply device 20 and the wood biomass supply device 20 that cuts the wood biomass and supplies the wood biomass with a particle size equal to or less than a specified value. A woody biomass hopper 21 for delivering woody biomass to the conveyor 14 is provided. The woody biomass delivered from the woody biomass hopper 21 is transported to the coal bunker 11 via the transporting conveyor 14. Therefore, the coal bunker 11 is in a state where coal and wood biomass cut to a predetermined particle size by the wood biomass supply device 20 are mixed, and the pulverized coal machine 10 is supplied with coal and wood biomass.

なお、本実施の形態において、木質バイオマス供給装置20から供給される木質バイオマスの粒径は概ね5mm以下である。木質バイオマス供給装置20から供給される木質バイオマスの粒径の設定根拠については後述する。また、木質バイオマス供給装置20としては、例えば間伐材や廃木材を回転するカッターにより規定値以下の粒径に切断するカッターミルなどを用いることができる。   In the present embodiment, the particle size of the woody biomass supplied from the woody biomass supply device 20 is approximately 5 mm or less. The basis for setting the particle size of the woody biomass supplied from the woody biomass supply device 20 will be described later. Moreover, as the woody biomass supply apparatus 20, the cutter mill etc. which are cut | disconnected by the cutter which rotates a thinning material or waste wood to a particle size below a regulation value, for example can be used.

また、図1においては、受入ホッパ13と木質バイオマスホッパ21に共通して搬送コンベヤ14が設けられているが、受入ホッパ13及び木質バイオマスホッパ21から石炭バンカ11に対してどのような経路で石炭及び木質バイオマスを搬送するかについては本実施の形態の内容に限定されるものではない。例えば木質バイオマスホッパ21を設けずに、木質バイオマス供給装置20から直接搬送コンベヤ14に切削した木質バイオマスを払い出してもよいし、受入ホッパ13及び木質バイオマスホッパ21に対してそれぞれ搬送コンベヤ14を設け、受入ホッパ13及び木質バイオマスホッパ21から石炭バンカ11に対して別個に搬送するようにしてもよい。   In FIG. 1, the conveyance conveyor 14 is provided in common to the receiving hopper 13 and the woody biomass hopper 21, but in any route from the receiving hopper 13 and the woody biomass hopper 21 to the coal bunker 11, the coal And whether to transport the woody biomass is not limited to the contents of the present embodiment. For example, without providing the woody biomass hopper 21, the woody biomass cut directly from the woody biomass supply device 20 to the transporting conveyor 14 may be dispensed, or the transporting conveyor 14 is provided for each of the receiving hopper 13 and the woody biomass hopper 21, You may make it convey separately with respect to the coal bunker 11 from the receiving hopper 13 and the woody biomass hopper 21. FIG.

さらに、本実施形態では、図1に示すように、木質バイオマス供給装置20に乾燥機能38が設けられている。これにより木質バイオマスの水分を30mass%以下に乾燥させ、さらに所定の粒度以下とすることにより、微粉炭機10内への木質バイオマスの滞留を抑制することができる。乾燥機能38としては、ボイラからの排熱による乾燥、タービン抽気による乾燥、新規乾燥設備による乾燥などがあるが、タービン抽気による乾燥は、既存設備の大幅な改造および燃料の追加投入を実施せずに済むため、経済性の観点で好ましい。   Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the woody biomass supply apparatus 20 is provided with a drying function 38. Thereby, the moisture of the woody biomass is dried to 30 mass% or less, and further, the retention of the woody biomass in the pulverized coal machine 10 can be suppressed by setting it to a predetermined particle size or less. The drying function 38 includes drying by exhaust heat from the boiler, drying by turbine extraction, drying by a new drying facility, etc. However, drying by turbine extraction does not implement a major modification of existing facilities and additional input of fuel. Therefore, it is preferable from the viewpoint of economy.

通風系統4は、火炉2に空気ダクト30を介して燃焼用空気を供給する押込通風機31と、一次空気管32を介して微粉炭機10に一次空気を供給する一次空気通風機33と、排ガスダクト34を介して火炉2から排出される排ガスと燃焼空気及び一次空気との間で熱交換を行う空気予熱器35と、排ガス中に含まれる窒素酸化物を除去する脱硝装置36と、排ガスに含まれるフライアッシュを捕集する電気集塵機37と、を有している。電気集塵機37によりフライアッシュが除去された排ガスは、誘引通風機(図示せず)により脱硫設備(図示せず)に送り込まれて排ガス中に含まれる硫黄酸化物が除去され、その後煙突(図示せず)から大気中放出される。   The ventilation system 4 includes a forced air blower 31 that supplies combustion air to the furnace 2 via the air duct 30, a primary air blower 33 that supplies primary air to the pulverized coal machine 10 via the primary air pipe 32, An air preheater 35 that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace 2 through the exhaust gas duct 34 and the combustion air and primary air, a denitration device 36 that removes nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas And an electrostatic precipitator 37 for collecting fly ash contained in the ash. The exhaust gas from which fly ash has been removed by the electric dust collector 37 is sent to a desulfurization facility (not shown) by an induction fan (not shown) to remove sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas, and then a chimney (not shown) To the atmosphere.

一次空気管32は各微粉炭機10の底部に接続されている。微粉炭機10に供給された一次空気は、微粉炭機10の上部に接続された燃料供給管16からバーナ15に供給される。   The primary air pipe 32 is connected to the bottom of each pulverized coal machine 10. The primary air supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10 is supplied to the burner 15 from the fuel supply pipe 16 connected to the upper part of the pulverized coal machine 10.

本実施の形態にかかるボイラ設備1は以上のように構成されている。次に、このボイラ設備1の運用について説明する。なお、本実施の形態では、石炭バンカ11には予め木質バイオマス供給装置20から供給された木質バイオマスが混在している場合を例に説明する。   The boiler facility 1 according to the present embodiment is configured as described above. Next, the operation of the boiler facility 1 will be described. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which wood biomass previously supplied from the wood biomass supply apparatus 20 is mixed in the coal bunker 11.

ボイラ設備1の運転にあたっては、先ず通風系統4の押込通風機31及び図示しない誘引通風機を起動させると共に、例えば図示しない燃料ポンプ等からボイラ設備1起動用の軽油などの燃料をバーナ15に供給してボイラ設備1を所定の負荷まで上昇させる。次いで、ボイラ設備1が所定の負荷に到達して排ガス温度が所定の値以上になると、一次空気通風機33を起動して微粉炭機10の暖気運転を行う。   In operation of the boiler facility 1, first, the push-in ventilator 31 of the ventilation system 4 and the induction ventilator (not shown) are started, and fuel such as light oil for starting the boiler facility 1 is supplied to the burner 15 from a fuel pump (not shown), for example. Then, the boiler equipment 1 is raised to a predetermined load. Next, when the boiler equipment 1 reaches a predetermined load and the exhaust gas temperature becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the primary air ventilator 33 is activated and the pulverized coal machine 10 is warmed up.

微粉炭機10の暖気運転が完了すると、次いで給炭機12により石炭バンカ11から微粉炭機10に対して所定量の石炭が供給される。この際、石炭バンカ11には予め木質バイオマス供給装置20から供給された木質バイオマスが混在しており、微粉炭機10には石炭と共に木質バイオマスも供給される。   When the warm-up operation of the pulverized coal machine 10 is completed, a predetermined amount of coal is then supplied from the coal bunker 11 to the pulverized coal machine 10 by the coal feeder 12. At this time, the wood bunker 11 is mixed with the wood biomass supplied from the wood biomass supply device 20 in advance, and the pulverized coal machine 10 is supplied with the wood biomass together with the coal.

給炭機12及び微粉炭機10の運転により石炭バンカ11内に貯留する石炭及び木質バイオマスのレベルが低下すると、木質バイオマスホッパ21及び受入ホッパから随時木質バイオマス、石炭が搬送コンベヤ14に払い出されて石炭バンカ11内に補給される。   When the levels of coal and wood biomass stored in the coal bunker 11 are reduced by the operation of the coal feeder 12 and the pulverized coal machine 10, wood biomass and coal are discharged from the wood biomass hopper 21 and the receiving hopper to the conveyor 14 as needed. The coal bunker 11 is replenished.

石炭バンカ11から微粉炭機10に供給された石炭は、当該微粉炭機10内で所定の粒度に粉砕されて、微粉炭機10に供給された一次空気と共に、微粉炭機10の上部に接続された燃料供給管16からバーナ15に供給される。またこの際、微粉炭機10に供給される木質バイオマスは、木質バイオマス供給装置20で規定値以下の粒度、本実施の形態では概ね5mm以下の粒径に切削されているので、微粉炭と同様に微粉炭機10により粉砕され、一次空気に随伴して微粉炭機10から排出され、バーナ15を介して火炉2内で燃焼される。   The coal supplied from the coal bunker 11 to the pulverized coal machine 10 is crushed to a predetermined particle size in the pulverized coal machine 10 and connected to the upper part of the pulverized coal machine 10 together with the primary air supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10. The fuel is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 16 to the burner 15. At this time, the woody biomass supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10 is cut to a particle size of a specified value or less by the woody biomass supply device 20, and in this embodiment, approximately 5 mm or less, so that it is the same as pulverized coal. Then, it is pulverized by the pulverized coal machine 10, discharged from the pulverized coal machine 10 along with the primary air, and burned in the furnace 2 through the burner 15.

木質バイオマスの水分が30mass%以下の場合は、木質バイオマスの粒度を規定値以下として微粉炭機10に供給することにより、微粉炭機10の粉砕能力を低下させることなく、安定的に火炉2へ燃料を供給することができる。ところが、木質バイオマスの水分が30mass%を超える場合は、木質バイオマスの粒度を規定値以下として微粉炭機10に供給しても、木質バイオマスが粉砕されず微粉炭機10内に滞留する場合があり、微粉炭機10の運転継続が困難になることがある。水分が30mass%を超える木質バイオマスを用いる場合は、図1に示すように木質バイオマス供給装置20に乾燥機能38を設け、水分を30mass%以下まで乾燥することが好ましく、20mass%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。乾燥機能38の具体的な構成としては、例えば図1に示すように、木質バイオマス供給装置20の内部に配管を張り巡らせ、タービン抽気を流すことで伝熱による乾燥を促すものでもよい。水分が30mass%超、45mass%未満の木質バイオマスの場合は、自然乾燥でも木質バイオマスの水分を30mass%以下にできるが、時間がかかるため、乾燥機能38を用いることが好ましい。さらに、水分が45mass%以上の木質バイオマスの場合は、自然乾燥で木質バイオマスの水分を30mass%以下にするのは困難であるため、本実施形態のように乾燥機能38を用いて乾燥させることが好ましい。このように、木質バイオマスの水分が30mass%以下となるように乾燥させることにより、微粉炭機10内への木質バイオマスの滞留を抑制する事ができ、運転継続が可能となる。なお、水分が30mass%以下の木質バイオマスを用いる場合は、木質バイオマス供給装置20に乾燥機能38を設けない、もしくは乾燥機能38を稼働させなくてもよい。   When the water content of the woody biomass is 30 mass% or less, the woody biomass is supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10 with the particle size of the woody biomass being a specified value or less, so that the pulverizing ability of the pulverized coal machine 10 can be stably reduced to the furnace 2. Fuel can be supplied. However, if the moisture of the woody biomass exceeds 30 mass%, the woody biomass may stay in the pulverized coal machine 10 without being pulverized even if it is supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10 with the grain size of the woody biomass being below the specified value. The continuation of the operation of the pulverized coal machine 10 may be difficult. In the case of using woody biomass whose water content exceeds 30 mass%, it is preferable that the woody biomass supply apparatus 20 is provided with a drying function 38 as shown in FIG. 1 to dry the water to 30 mass% or less, and 20 mass% or less. Further preferred. As a specific configuration of the drying function 38, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, piping may be installed inside the woody biomass supply device 20, and drying by heat transfer may be promoted by flowing turbine bleed air. In the case of woody biomass having a moisture content of more than 30 mass% and less than 45 mass%, the moisture content of the woody biomass can be reduced to 30 mass% or less even by natural drying. However, since it takes time, it is preferable to use the drying function 38. Furthermore, in the case of woody biomass having a moisture content of 45 mass% or more, it is difficult to reduce the moisture content of the woody biomass to 30 mass% or less by natural drying. Therefore, the moisture can be dried using the drying function 38 as in this embodiment. preferable. In this way, by drying the wood biomass so that the water content becomes 30 mass% or less, the wood biomass can be prevented from staying in the pulverized coal machine 10, and the operation can be continued. In addition, when using a woody biomass whose water | moisture content is 30 mass% or less, the woody biomass supply apparatus 20 does not need to provide the drying function 38, or does not need to operate the drying function 38. FIG.

また、品質を担保するため、水分の測定は、4時間に1回の乾燥前と乾燥後の木質バイオマスの水分測定に加え、木材の種類、形状が変更される場合に乾燥前と乾燥後の木質バイオマスの水分測定を実施するのが好ましい。   In addition, in order to ensure quality, moisture measurement is performed before and after drying once every 4 hours, in addition to moisture measurement of woody biomass before and after drying, and when the wood type and shape are changed. It is preferable to carry out the moisture measurement of the woody biomass.

ここで、木質バイオマス供給装置20から供給される木質バイオマスの粒径、即ち粒度の規定値の設定根拠について説明する。本発明者によれば、粒径が概ね5mmを超える木質バイオマスは微粉炭機10で粉砕されにくいため、微粉炭機10に供給されてから燃料供給管16により排出されるまでの時間(滞留時間)が石炭に比べて非常に長くなることが確認されている。そのため、粒径が概ね5mmを超える木質バイオマスの微粉炭機10への供給量を増加させた場合、具体的には、概ね3mass%よりも多い木質バイオマスを供給した場合、微粉炭機10の内部に滞留する木質バイオマスが徐々に増加してしまう。その結果、微粉炭機10内の差圧が徐々に上昇し、最終的に微粉炭機10の運転が継続できなくなってしまう。そこで、本実施の形態のように、予め木質バイオマス供給装置20で5mm以下の粒径に切削しておくことで、木質バイオマスが微粉炭機10で粉砕されやすくなる。即ち、木質バイオマスを5mm以下の粒径で微粉炭機10に供給することで、微粉炭機10内での滞留時間を短くして微粉炭機10の差圧が上昇することを防止できる。したがって、微粉炭機10への木質バイオマスの供給量を、必要に応じて例えば8〜10mass%程度まで増やすことができる。かかる場合、増加させた木質バイオマスの発熱量の総量に相当する量の石炭を減少させることで、ボイラ設備1の負荷を一定に維持することができる。なお、木質バイオマス供給装置20で切削後の木質バイオマスの形状は均一ではなく、一辺が長い(細長い)直方体形状になりやすいが、本発明者らによれば、例えば標準ふるいのメッシュ数で4メッシュ(ふるいの目開きで4.76mm)のふるいを通過する程度の粒度を有する木質バイオマスは、その粒径(長径)が概ね5mm以下であり、微粉炭機10に供給しても問題ないことが確認されている。したがって、微粉炭機に供給される木質バイオマスは、標準ふるいのメッシュ数で4メッシュ以上(ふるいの目開きで4.67mm以下)の粒度を有していればよい。標準ふるいのメッシュ数の上限は特に規定しないが、あらかじめ切削する工程の負荷が増大するため制限される。   Here, the grounds for setting the particle size of the woody biomass supplied from the woody biomass supply device 20, that is, the prescribed value of the particle size, will be described. According to the present inventor, woody biomass having a particle size of more than 5 mm is hardly pulverized by the pulverized coal machine 10, and therefore, the time from the supply to the pulverized coal machine 10 to the discharge by the fuel supply pipe 16 (retention time) ) Has been confirmed to be very long compared to coal. Therefore, when the supply amount of the woody biomass having a particle size of more than about 5 mm to the pulverized coal machine 10 is increased, specifically, when more than 3 mass% of the woody biomass is supplied, the inside of the pulverized coal machine 10 The woody biomass staying in will gradually increase. As a result, the differential pressure in the pulverized coal machine 10 gradually increases, and eventually the operation of the pulverized coal machine 10 cannot be continued. Therefore, as in the present embodiment, the wood biomass is easily pulverized by the pulverized coal machine 10 by cutting into a particle size of 5 mm or less with the wood biomass supply device 20 in advance. That is, by supplying woody biomass to the pulverized coal machine 10 with a particle size of 5 mm or less, it is possible to shorten the residence time in the pulverized coal machine 10 and prevent the differential pressure of the pulverized coal machine 10 from increasing. Therefore, the supply amount of the woody biomass to the pulverized coal machine 10 can be increased to, for example, about 8 to 10 mass% as necessary. In such a case, the load on the boiler facility 1 can be kept constant by reducing the amount of coal corresponding to the total amount of heat generated by the increased woody biomass. Note that the shape of the woody biomass after cutting by the woody biomass supply device 20 is not uniform and tends to be a long (elongated) rectangular parallelepiped shape, but according to the present inventors, for example, the number of meshes of a standard sieve is 4 meshes Woody biomass having a particle size that passes through a sieve with a sieve opening (4.76 mm) has a particle size (major axis) of approximately 5 mm or less, and there is no problem even if it is supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10. It has been confirmed. Therefore, the woody biomass supplied to the pulverized coal machine only needs to have a particle size of 4 mesh or more (4.67 mm or less with a sieve opening) in terms of the number of meshes of the standard sieve. The upper limit of the number of meshes of the standard sieve is not particularly defined, but is limited because the load of the cutting process increases in advance.

バーナ15で燃焼された微粉炭及び木質バイオマスの燃焼灰は、排ガスダクト34を通って電気集塵機37に導入される。電気集塵機37では、燃焼灰が捕集されると共に、排ガスは下流の誘引通風機(図示せず)などを介して煙突から排出される。   Combustion ash of pulverized coal and woody biomass burned by the burner 15 is introduced into the electric dust collector 37 through the exhaust gas duct 34. In the electric dust collector 37, combustion ash is collected and exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney via a downstream induction fan (not shown).

以上の実施の形態によれば、木質バイオマス供給装置20により木質バイオマスを規定値以下の粒度に切削し、当該切削した木質バイオマスを微粉炭機10に供給するため、微粉炭機10に木質バイオマスを供給しても微粉炭機10の運転が継続できる。さらに、木質バイオマス供給装置20に乾燥機能38を設けることにより、木質バイオマスの水分が30mass%超、特に45mass%以上の場合は、木質バイオマスを水分が30mass%以下となるように乾燥させるとともに、規定値以下の粒度に切削し、当該乾燥、切削した木質バイオマスを微粉炭機10に供給するため、微粉炭機10の継続運転ができる。したがって、従来は2〜3mass%が限界であった木質バイオマスの混焼率を、必要に応じて例えば8〜10mass%程度まで増やすことができる。その結果、木質バイオマス専用の燃焼設備等を設けることなく、微粉炭焚きボイラ設備1において効率的に木質バイオマスを燃焼させることができる。   According to the above embodiment, the woody biomass is cut into the particle size below the specified value by the woody biomass supply device 20, and the woody biomass is supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10 in order to supply the cut woody biomass to the pulverized coal machine 10. Even if supplied, the operation of the pulverized coal machine 10 can be continued. Furthermore, by providing the drying function 38 in the woody biomass supply device 20, when the moisture of the woody biomass is more than 30 mass%, especially 45 mass% or more, the woody biomass is dried so that the moisture becomes 30 mass% or less. The pulverized coal machine 10 can be continuously operated because the wood biomass that has been cut to a particle size equal to or smaller than the value and supplied to the pulverized coal machine 10 is supplied. Therefore, the mixed combustion rate of woody biomass, which has been limited to 2 to 3 mass% in the past, can be increased to, for example, about 8 to 10 mass% as necessary. As a result, the wood biomass can be efficiently burned in the pulverized coal burning boiler facility 1 without providing a combustion facility dedicated to the wood biomass.

また、供給した木質バイオマスの発熱量の総量に相当する量の石炭を減少させることで、ボイラ設備1の負荷を一定に維持しつつ、木質バイオマスよりも高価な石炭の消費量を低減することができる。したがって、ボイラ設備1のランニングコストを低減することができる。   Further, by reducing the amount of coal corresponding to the total calorific value of the supplied woody biomass, it is possible to reduce the consumption of coal, which is more expensive than woody biomass, while maintaining the load of the boiler facility 1 constant. it can. Therefore, the running cost of the boiler equipment 1 can be reduced.

なお、以上の実施の形態では、木質バイオマス供給装置20としては、例えば間伐材や廃木材を回転するカッターにより規定値以下の粒径に切断するカッターミルを用いたが、木質バイオマス供給装置20としては、木質バイオマスを規定値以下の粒径に切断、粉砕して供給することができるものであれば、任意に選定が可能である。例えば、粒径が十数mm程度の木質チップを規定値以下の粒径(約5mm)に粉砕するシュレッダーなどを用いてもよい。   In the above embodiment, as the woody biomass supply device 20, for example, a cutter mill that cuts thinned wood or waste wood into a particle size of a specified value or less by a rotating cutter is used. Any wood biomass can be selected as long as it can be supplied by cutting, pulverizing and supplying woody biomass to a particle size of a prescribed value or less. For example, you may use the shredder etc. which grind | pulverize the wood chip | tip about 10 or more mm in particle size to a particle size below a regulation value (about 5 mm).

以上、添付図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施の形態について説明したが、本発明はかかる例に限定されない。当業者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載された思想の範疇内において、各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、それらについても当然に本発明の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。   The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the idea described in the claims, and these naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood.

本発明は、微粉炭焚きボイラ設備で木質バイオマスを燃焼させる際に有用である。   The present invention is useful when burning woody biomass in a pulverized coal burning boiler facility.

1 ボイラ設備
2 火炉
3 燃料供給系統
4 通風系統
10 微粉炭機
11 石炭バンカ
12 給炭機
13 受入ホッパ
14 搬送コンベヤ
15 バーナ
16 燃料供給管
20 木質バイオマス供給装置
21 木質バイオマスホッパ
30 空気ダクト
31 押込通風機
32 一次空気管
33 一次空気通風機
34 排ガスダクト
35 空気予熱器
36 脱硝装置
37 電気集塵機
38 乾燥機能
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Boiler equipment 2 Furnace 3 Fuel supply system 4 Ventilation system 10 Pulverized coal machine 11 Coal bunker 12 Coal feeder 13 Receiving hopper 14 Conveyor 15 Burner 16 Fuel supply pipe 20 Wood biomass supply device 21 Wood biomass hopper 30 Air duct 31 Pushing ventilation Machine 32 Primary air pipe 33 Primary air ventilator 34 Exhaust gas duct 35 Air preheater 36 Denitration device 37 Electric dust collector 38 Drying function

Claims (3)

石炭の微粉炭をバーナで燃焼させる微粉炭焚きのボイラ設備であって、
前記石炭を粉砕して微粉炭を生成する微粉炭機と、
前記微粉炭機に石炭を供給する石炭供給装置と、
前記微粉炭機に規定値以下の粒度の木質バイオマスを供給する木質バイオマス供給装置と、
前記微粉炭機で生成された微粉炭と、前記微粉炭機に供給されて粉砕された木質バイオマスを、混合した状態で前記バーナに導入する燃料供給管と、を有することを特徴とする、微粉炭焚きボイラ設備。
A pulverized coal-fired boiler facility that burns coal pulverized coal with a burner,
A pulverized coal machine that pulverizes the coal to produce pulverized coal;
A coal supply device for supplying coal to the pulverized coal machine;
A woody biomass supply device for supplying woody biomass having a particle size below a specified value to the pulverized coal machine;
A pulverized coal comprising: pulverized coal generated by the pulverized coal machine; and a fuel supply pipe for introducing the wood biomass supplied to the pulverized coal machine and pulverized into the burner in a mixed state. Charcoal fired boiler equipment.
前記木質バイオマス供給装置が、さらに乾燥機能を有することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の微粉炭焚きボイラ設備。 The pulverized coal fired boiler equipment according to claim 1, wherein the woody biomass supply device further has a drying function. 前記微粉炭機に供給される木質バイオマスの粒度の規定値は、ふるいのメッシュ数で4メッシュ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の微粉炭焚きボイラ設備。 The defined value of the particle size of the woody biomass supplied to the pulverized coal machine is 4 mesh or more in terms of the number of meshes of the sieve, and the pulverized coal fired boiler according to any one of claims 1 or 2, Facility.
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