JP2016138420A - Eaves back ceiling material and eaves back ceiling structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve fire resistance by preventing high-temperature gas from being transmitted through an eaves back ceiling material 21 to make an entry into an eaves back space 5, even when a surface of an eaves soffit is exposed to a flame of a fire and the like, while improving cost reduction and workability.SOLUTION: An eaves back ceiling material 21 includes: a plurality of base materials 22 and 22 made of an inorganic material such as a volcanic glass multi-layer board; metal foil 23 that is arranged between the base materials 22 and 22; and an incombustible coating film 26 which is provided on a surface of the base material 22, positioned on the opposite side of an eaves back space 5 during execution of work, of the plurality of base materials 22 and 22, and which has a gas shielding effect. The incombustible coating film 26 comprises a resin, and a layered clay mineral with swelling properties, which swells in water in association with the state of being turned into a coating material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to an eaves roof ceiling material to be constructed on the eaves of a building and an eaves roof ceiling structure using the same.

  In areas where urban buildings are densely populated, there is a high possibility that a fire will cause a great deal of damage due to the spread of fire. Such areas are designated as fire prevention areas or semi-fire prevention areas. Construction based on standards with the required fire resistance is required.

  The building eaves also use non-combustible materials such as calcium silicate boards, slag gypsum boards, and volcanic glassy material boards as eaves-ceiling ceilings to prevent the spread of fire due to a fire in the neighboring house.

  In order to improve the fire resistance of such eaves, as shown in Patent Document 1, conventionally, as the eaves-back ceiling material to be constructed on the back of the eaves, the back surface of the base material made of a calcium silicate plate or the like (eave back space It has been proposed that a fireproof reinforcing layer is laminated on the side facing the surface, and this fireproof reinforcing layer is a laminate of any one of a fireproof heat insulating layer, a heat shielding layer, and an endothermic layer.

Japanese Patent No. 5135133

  However, in the thing of the said patent document 1, although the fireproof reinforcement layer is laminated | stacked on the back surface of the eaves ceiling material, when the surface (lower surface) of an eaves ceiling is exposed to the flame at the time of a fire, it is included in the flame It is inevitable that the high-temperature combustion gas generated will permeate the base material of the eaves ceiling material, and the high-temperature gas enters the eaves space through the gaps and weak parts of each layer of the fireproof reinforcement layer. There is a risk of thermal destruction and fire spread.

  In addition, although fire resistance can be improved by increasing the number of layers of a fireproof reinforcement layer, while cost becomes high, construction will also require time and it cannot become a preferable solution.

  The present invention has been made in view of such various points, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the cost and improve the workability by adding a device to the structure of the eaves back ceiling material, and to eaves against flames such as fire. Even if the surface of the ceiling is exposed, it is intended to improve the fire resistance by preventing the high temperature gas from permeating the ceiling material of the eaves and entering the eaves space.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the eaves roof ceiling material has a laminated structure of a plurality of base materials, a metal foil is disposed between the base materials, and not the back surface of the eaves back ceiling material, A nonflammable coating film having gas barrier properties was formed on the surface opposite to the eaves space.

  Specifically, the first invention is an eaves roof ceiling material constructed on the eaves of a building, and a plurality of base materials made of an inorganic material, and a metal foil disposed between these base materials And a nonflammable coating film that is provided on at least the surface of the base material that is located on the opposite side of the eaves space during construction and has a gas shielding effect.

  In the first invention, the eaves back ceiling material has a laminated structure of a plurality of base materials, and a nonflammable coating film having a gas shielding effect is provided on at least the surfaces of the base materials. When the back ceiling material is installed, the surface of the eaves ceiling is exposed to a flame such as a fire, and high-temperature gas directly permeates the eaves back ceiling material from the surface of the eaves back ceiling material and enters the eaves back space. Even if it tries, the high temperature gas will be shielded by the nonflammable coating film in the surface side of a base material (eave back ceiling material). Moreover, since the metal foil is disposed between the plurality of base materials, even if a crack occurs in the non-combustible coating film on the surface, the high-temperature gas to enter through the crack is caused by the metal foil. Can be blocked. By these synergistic actions, the high-temperature gas can be reliably prevented from entering the eaves space, and the rise in the temperature of the eaves space can be suppressed.

  In addition, the eaves-backed ceiling material is a material in which a non-combustible coating film is only formed on at least the surface of the base material, and its cost is low and construction is easy.

  The second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the base material comprises a volcanic glassy multilayer board.

  In this second invention, the volcanic glassy multilayer board is different from a cement-based or calcium silicate-based board material, and the latter board material contains free water or bound water, and these free water and bound water are in a fire. While the plate material cracks due to evaporation and rapid contraction with heating, volcanic glassy multilayer boards are unlikely to generate such cracks, and heat shrinkage is also small. The possibility that the nonflammable coating film on the surface side is cracked or peeled off due to shrinkage or the like is extremely low. Therefore, the gas shielding effect by the said nonflammable coating film can be exhibited reliably and stably.

  A third invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the non-combustible coating film comprises a layered clay mineral having a swellability that swells in water as the paint is formed, and a resin.

  In the third aspect of the invention, the layered clay mineral swells in water as the paint is formed, and the layers are spread. In this state, the layers mesh with each other and are fixed by the resin, thereby obtaining a gas shielding effect. This makes it possible to easily obtain a strong noncombustible coating film having a gas shielding effect.

  A fourth invention relates to an eaves-back ceiling structure, and this eaves-back ceiling structure is characterized in that any one of the eaves-back ceiling materials of the first to third inventions is constructed.

  In this 4th invention, the eaves back ceiling material provided with the nonflammable coating film and metal foil which has a gas shielding effect on the base-material surface is constructed by the eaves back ceiling structure similarly to 1st invention. Therefore, even if the surface of the eaves ceiling is exposed to a flame such as a fire, and high temperature gas permeates directly from the surface of the eaves ceiling material and enters the eaves back space, The surface side of the (eave back ceiling material) is shielded by a non-combustible coating film and by a metal foil at the middle part, and the temperature rise of the eaves back space can be suppressed.

  As described above, according to the present invention, as an eaves-back ceiling material, a metal foil is sandwiched between a plurality of substrates made of an inorganic material, and at least the surface of the surface-side substrate has a nonflammable coating having a gas shielding effect. In the eaves-ceiling structure in which the eaves-ceiling material is constructed by providing a membrane, when the eaves-ceiling surface is exposed to a flame such as a fire, high-temperature gas is released from the eaves-ceiling surface. Intrusion into the space behind the eaves is prevented by a non-combustible coating on the substrate surface side and a metal foil at the middle to suppress temperature rise in the eaves space. It is possible to improve the fire resistance of the eaves-backed ceiling structure while reducing costs and improving workability.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an eaves back ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing a main part of the ventilator device in the eaves back space. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the eaves ceiling material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a gas shielding mechanism by a nonflammable coating film. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a heat generation test using a cone calorimeter.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following description of the embodiments is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or its use at all.

  FIG. 1 shows an eaves-in-ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and this eaves-in-ceiling structure is constructed on an eaves of a wooden detached house (building), for example. This eave protrudes outward from the outer wall W of the house, and includes a purlin (not shown) and a rafter 2 spanned over the eaves girder 1 according to the slope of the roof as a main structure. An eaves tip portion of the rafter 2, an eaves girder 1 that supports the rafter 2, and a nose cover 3 that is arranged outside the eaves girder 1 in parallel with the eaves girder 1 and is fixed to the rafter 2 so as to hide its tip. The eaves are made up of. On the lower side of the eaves, an eaves back space 5 having a triangular cross section is defined in a portion surrounded by the rafters 2, the eaves girder 1 and the nose cover 3, and a lower opening 5a (outer wall) of the eaves back space 5 is formed. The space between W and the nose cover 3 is closed by a plurality of rectangular plate-shaped eaves-back ceiling materials 21, 21,... According to the embodiment of the present invention.

  An eaves-end suspension tree 7 is attached to the front end surface of the rafter 2 on the back side (inner side) of the nose cover 3, and an eaves-end lower tree 8 is suspended and supported at the lower end of the eaves end suspension 7. The eaves upper wood 9 parallel to the eaves girder 1 is attached to the rafter 2 on the eave girder 1 side, and the eaves lower wood 11 is supported by the eaves upper wood 9 via the eaves original suspension tree 10. . A plurality of eaves mounting trees 12, 12,... (Field edges) arranged at regular intervals along the eaves girder 1 are connected between the eaves end lower tree 8 and the eaves original lower tree 11. A base for constructing the eaves back ceiling materials 21, 21,... Is formed by the eaves mounting trees 12, 12,.

  And the plurality of eaves-back ceiling materials 21, 21,... Are arranged in the opening 5a of the eaves-back space 5 in a state where they are butted against each other in the width direction without gaps, and the respective peripheral portions thereof are screws, nails, tapping screws, It fixes to the eaves top attachment tree 12 and the eaves end lower tree 8 with the stopper (not shown), and the eaves back ceiling material 21 is constructed in the eaves back by this.

  The inner end of each of the eaves back ceiling materials 21 is constructed with a gap between the eaves back ceiling material 21 and the outer wall W, and is used to ventilate the eaves back space 5 between the eaves back ceiling material 21 and the outer wall W. A ventilation port device 15 is provided. The ventilating device 15 has a long device body 16 made of, for example, a galvanized steel plate or a stainless steel plate that extends along the direction in which the eaves-back ceiling materials are arranged. As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 2, the apparatus main body 16 includes a lower horizontal portion 16a that extends horizontally and is mounted and fixed on the upper end of the outer wall W at an inner end portion, and an outer end of the lower horizontal portion 16a. And an upper horizontal portion 16c extending in the horizontal direction and extending in the horizontal inward direction is connected to the upper end portion of the inner vertical wall portion 16b. In the upper horizontal portion 16 c, the apparatus main body 16 is attached and fixed to the eaves ceiling mounting tree 12 while being sandwiched between the eave ceiling mounting tree 12 and the eaves roof ceiling material 21. An outer vertical wall portion 16d extending obliquely inward toward the lower side is connected to the inner end portion of the lower portion of the upper horizontal portion 16c, and a lower end portion of the outer vertical wall portion 16d is connected to the lower end portion of the outer horizontal wall portion 16d. A parting part 16e that extends outward and then is bent upward is connected. The parting part 16e extends outward at the same height as the lower horizontal part 16a, and has an outer end ( The front end portion is close to or in contact with the lower surface of the eaves back ceiling material 21. In the upper horizontal portion 16c located between the inner vertical wall portion 16b and the outer vertical wall portion 16d, a plurality of ventilation holes 17, 17,... The eaves space 5 is ventilated between the outside space (atmosphere) using the ventilation hole 17 and the space between the inner and outer vertical wall portions 16b and 16d as a ventilation passage 18.

  Further, a concave groove portion 16f that opens toward the outer vertical wall portion 16d is formed at the upper and lower intermediate portions of the inner vertical wall portion 16b of the apparatus main body 16, and a predetermined temperature (for example, 180 ° C.) is formed in the concave groove portion 16f. ) A foam material 19 made of expanded graphite or the like that expands (foams) and fills the ventilation passage 18 as described above is filled, and the ventilation passage 18 is blocked by the expansion of the foam material 19 in the event of a fire. High temperature gas is prevented from entering the eaves space 5 via the ventilation passage 18.

  In addition, the said ventilating apparatus 15 is an illustration, and it cannot be overemphasized that the ventilating apparatus of another structure can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner, each of the eaves back ceiling materials 21 includes a plurality of inorganic materials, that is, at least two (two in the illustrated example) rectangular plate-like base materials 22 and 22, and these A metal foil 23 disposed between the base materials 22 and 22 and a base located on the surface side of the plurality of base materials 22 and 22, that is, on the side opposite to the eaves space 5 when the eaves ceiling structure is constructed. And a non-combustible coating 26 provided by coating on the same surface side of the material 22.

Each of the base materials 22 is preferably made of a volcanic glassy multilayer board (for example, “Dailite” manufactured by Daiken Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Alternatively, a calcium silicate board or a slag gypsum board may be used. Good. Each base material 22 has a density of, for example, 0.5 to 0.9 g / cm ³ and a thickness of 4.5 to 12 mm.

  The metal foil 23 is preferably an aluminum foil, and a stainless steel foil or the like may be used. The thickness is preferably about 10 to 200 μm. The plurality of base materials 22 and 22 are bonded and integrated with, for example, an adhesive in a state where the metal foil 23 is interposed.

  The nonflammable coating film 26 has a gas shielding effect (gas barrier effect), and is formed by applying a nonflammable coating material having the same effect on the surface of the substrate 22. In order to improve the adhesion of the incombustible coating film 26 to the base material 22, a base coating film is formed on the surface of the base material 22, and then the non-combustible coating film 26 is formed on the base coating film. It is desirable to form.

  The non-combustible coating film 26 (non-combustible paint) includes, for example, a lamellar clay mineral having a swelling property that swells in water as a paint is formed, and a fixing resin. That is, as the layered clay mineral, for example, a layered clay mineral (silicate mineral) having high swellability such as vermiculite or bentonite is used. The swelling property of the layered clay mineral is desirably 20 ml / 2 g or more in the swelling power test of the 15th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia, for example.

  The composition ratio of the layered clay mineral in the incombustible paint is desirably 20 to 80% by weight. If the amount is less than 20% by weight, the nonflammable performance is deteriorated and the function is not exhibited. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 80% by weight, the resin is relatively difficult to enter.

  On the other hand, as the resin, for example, an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a vinyl acetate resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, or the like is used. The composition ratio of this resin is desirably 20 to 50% by weight. If it is less than 20% by weight, the strength of the coating film becomes too low and the coating film is peeled off. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50% by weight, the amount of resin as a combustible material increases relatively, and the nonflammability cannot be secured. .

  In addition, inorganic powders such as calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, and aluminum hydroxide may be added to the incombustible paint as an extender or colorant in an amount of about 0 to 60% by weight.

The application amount of the incombustible coating material may be, for example, about 30 to 150 g / m ² in terms of solid content, and can be appropriately selected according to the design. If the coating amount is too small, the incombustible effect cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, coating becomes difficult.

  The mechanism by which the non-combustible coating film 26 (non-combustible paint) shields gas and gas will be schematically described with reference to FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4A, the clay mineral particles 28 have a large number of flake components. When water is added at the time of forming a coating, the clay mineral particles 28 absorb and swell in the coating, and the layers of the flake component 29 spread and mix as shown in FIG. 4 (b). Accordingly, the flake component 29 (layer) enters between the other flake components 29 and 29 (interlayer). When this paint is applied to the front surface (and the back surface) of the base material 22 and dried with a dryer, as shown in FIG. 4C, the space between the flake components 29 and 29 (interlayer) shrinks and becomes narrower. 28,... And the flake component 29 enters and meshes with each other, the state is fixed by the resin, and the flammable hot gas permeates between the particles 28 and 28 as indicated by an arrow in FIG. However, it is shielded by the meshed thin piece components 29, 29,..., And a gas shielding effect is obtained. This incombustible coating film 26 is not destroyed even when it is splashed with water.

  Therefore, in the said embodiment, the nonflammable coating film 26 provided in the surface of the base material 22 of each eaves back ceiling material 21 is the layered clay mineral and resin which have the swelling property which swells in water with coating. The layered clay mineral swells in water as the paint is formed, and the layers are spread. In this state, the layers are engaged with each other and fixed by the resin, thereby obtaining a gas shielding effect. As a result, a strong incombustible coating film 26 having a gas shielding effect can be easily obtained. Since the nonflammable coating film 26 having such a gas shielding effect is provided on the surface of the base material 22 of each eaves-backing ceiling material 21, the eaves-backing ceiling material 21 is constructed to form an eaves-backing ceiling structure. If the surface of the eaves ceiling is exposed to a flame such as a fire and the high temperature gas tries to penetrate the eaves back space 5 through the surface of the eaves back ceiling material 21 directly, the high temperature gas Is shielded by the incombustible coating film 26 on the surface side of the base material 22 (eave back ceiling material 21). As a result, entry of high-temperature gas into the eaves back space 5 is suppressed, and an increase in the temperature of the eaves back space 5 can be suppressed.

  Moreover, since the metal foil 23 is disposed between the plurality of base materials 22, 22,..., Even if a crack occurs in the non-combustible coating film 26 on the surface, the crack is generated via the crack. The hot gas that is about to enter can be blocked by the metal foil 23. This reliably suppresses the entry of the high-temperature gas into the eaves space 5 and can further reliably suppress the temperature rise of the eaves space.

  And since the eaves-ceiling material 21 has only the non-combustible coating film 26 formed on the surface of the base material 22, its cost does not increase and the eaves-ceiling structure can be easily constructed. .

  Moreover, the following effects are obtained when the base material 22 of the eaves back ceiling material 21 is a volcanic glassy multilayer board. That is, when the base material 22 is a cement-based or calcium silicate-based plate material, these plate materials contain free water or combined water, and thus the free water and combined water evaporate with heating during a fire. By rapidly contracting, cracks occur, and even if the metal foil 23 is sandwiched, there is a possibility that nonflammability cannot be obtained due to the gaps caused by the cracks. On the other hand, volcanic glassy multi-layer boards, unlike cement-based and calcium silicate-based board materials, are mainly composed of rock wool fibers that are resistant to thermal shrinkage, and have little free water or binding water, so cracking occurs, or Shrinkage hardly occurs. As a result, the possibility that the nonflammable coating film 26 on the surface side is cracked or peeled off due to cracking or shrinkage is extremely low, and the gas shielding effect by the nonflammable coating film 26 or the metal foil 23 is reduced. It can be reliably and stably exhibited.

  In addition, although the name differs, the eaves-back ceiling material 21 of this invention can also be used as an outer wall material (a structure is the same as the eaves-back ceiling material 21 also as an outer wall material).

(Other embodiments)
In the said embodiment, although the nonflammable coating film 26 is formed in the surface side of the eaves back ceiling material 21, in addition to forming the nonflammable coating film 26 in the surface side of this eaves back ceiling material 21, in addition The nonflammable coating film 26 is formed on the back surface of the eaves ceiling material 21, that is, the back surface of the base material 22 located in the eaves space 5 at the time of construction of the eaves ceiling structure by applying a nonflammable paint similar to the surface. You may do it. In this way, a gas shielding effect can be obtained on both the front and back sides of the eaves ceiling material 21, and entry of hot gas into the eaves space 5 at the time of a fire can be further reliably suppressed.

  Next, specific examples will be described.

(Example)
An aluminum foil having a thickness of 12 μm was sandwiched and integrated between two 6 mm-thick volcanic vitreous multilayer plates (trade name “Dailite” manufactured by Daiken Industry Co., Ltd.) as a base material. The density is 0.75 g / cm ³ . On the other hand, as a layered clay mineral (silicate mineral) having swelling properties, 50% by weight of bentonite and vermiculite, 35% by weight of acrylic resin as a fixing resin, and 15% by weight of calcium carbonate as an inorganic powder are added. Then, water was added to prepare a paint (nonflammable paint). The prepared non-combustible paint is applied to the surface of the volcanic glassy multilayer board (base material) on the surface side with a flow coater at a solid content of 40 g / m ² to form a non-combustible coating. An example sample was obtained.

(Comparative example)
Further, a sample of a comparative example was prepared by using only two similar substrates, that is, a sample in which an aluminum foil was sandwiched between the substrates but no non-combustible coating film was formed on the substrate surface.

(Fever test with cone calorimeter)
A 20 minute heat generation test using a cone calorimeter was performed on each sample of the above Examples and Comparative Examples. This test is a test according to ISO 5660 standard. As a judgment standard, the time when the total calorific value is 8 MJ / m ² or less is 20 minutes, 10 minutes, and 5 minutes, respectively, depending on the level of non-combustible material, semi-incombustible material, and flame-retardant material. It has been minutes. The result is shown in FIG.

When this test result is seen, the comparative example has exceeded the total calorific value 8MJ / m < ² > in the 20 minute heat_generation | fever test by a cone calorimeter, and has not passed the nonflammable material.

On the other hand, an Example is total calorific value 5.3MJ / m < ² >, it can pass even if there exists variation, and it turns out that the stable nonflammable performance can be obtained. That is, since the layered clay mineral forms a non-flammable coating film with high gas barrier properties on the surface of the base material, it is difficult for high-temperature gas to permeate the base material and escape to the back surface, which reduces the total calorific value. It is supported.

  In the present invention, in the event of a fire, high-temperature gas is directly permeated through the surface of the eaves ceiling material and enters the eaves space by shielding the non-combustible coating on the substrate surface side and between the substrates. The metal foil can be shielded to suppress an increase in the temperature of the eaves space, which is extremely useful because it can reduce costs, improve workability, and improve the fire resistance of the eaves ceiling structure.

5 Back space 15 Ventilation device 21 Back ceiling material 22 Base material 23 Metal foil 26 Nonflammable coating

Claims (4)

It is the eaves ceiling material that is constructed on the eaves of the building,
A plurality of base materials made of inorganic materials;
A metal foil disposed between the substrates;
The eaves back provided with a nonflammable coating film having a gas shielding effect provided on the surface of the base material located on the opposite side to the eaves back space at the time of construction among the plurality of base materials Ceiling material. In claim 1,
An eaves-backed ceiling material characterized in that the base material is made of a volcanic glassy multilayer board. In claim 1 or 2,
An eaves-backed ceiling material comprising a layered clay mineral and a resin having a swelling property that swells in water with the formation of a paint.   The eaves back ceiling structure in which any one eaves back ceiling material of Claims 1-3 was constructed.

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