JP2016014287A - Spraying method and joint filler - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a spraying method that is capable of preventing a slope face from being unstable because of sediment outflow at a natural ground part caused by infiltration of rainwater from a gap formed at a part of a joint filler by thermal contraction of a spray material and makes it possible to easily install the joint filler, and the joint filler used for the spraying method.SOLUTION: A spraying method comprises: a process of disposing, on natural ground (G), a joint filler in a cross-sectional shape (T-shaped cross-sectional shape) having a part (101) extending in a longitudinal direction (direction vertical to a slope face) and parts (102) extending in lateral directions (directions horizontal along the slope face: directions orthogonal to the longitudinal direction); a process of holding (temporarily fixing) the joint filler (100) to the natural ground (G) by using a pin-shaped member (103: fixing pin) penetrating a part (102) extending in the lateral direction of the joint filler (100); and a process of spraying a spray material (M).

Description

  The present invention relates to a spraying method and a joint material used therefor.

In order to stabilize the slope, a spraying method in which a spray material such as concrete or mortar is sprayed on the slope surface is well known. In the spraying method, prior to the operation of spraying the spray material, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, the joint materials 200 are arranged at predetermined intervals on the slope.
Here, since the sprayed material that has been sprayed shrinks in temperature, there is a risk that “cracking” may occur at unexpected locations on the slope. If the joint material is disposed, a gap is generated at the location where the joint material is provided when the spray material shrinks in temperature, but a gap or “crack” is unlikely to occur other than the location where the joint material is provided. That is, by arranging the joint material, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of “cracking” in the other part of the slope (the part where the joint material is not disposed).

In order to arrange the joint material on the slope, as shown in FIG. 25, the reinforcing bar 201 is arranged along the joint material 200, the joint material 200 is fixed to the reinforcing bar 201, and the reinforcing bar 201 is inserted into the ground mountain G. The joint material 200 is fixed to the natural ground G. Here, reference numeral L _M is a spray layer formed by blowing Coatings M.
However, as shown in FIG. 25, when the spray material M shrinks in temperature and a gap S is generated at the location where the joint material 200 is provided, rainwater R penetrates into the ground mountain G from the gap S, and weathering of the ground mountain G There is a problem of promoting it. When rainwater R penetrates into the natural ground G, the natural ground G becomes fragile, and the earth and sand (at the natural ground G) flows out from the gap S where the joint material 200 is provided (weathering), and the slope is unstable. Thus, the portion of the joint material 200 is deteriorated.
Eventually, the earth and sand in the natural mountain area where rainwater R has infiltrated flows out, and a cavity (so-called “nest”) is formed in the joint material 200.

Further, in order to fix the joint material 200 of FIGS. 23 to 25 to the reinforcing bar 201, a large number of through holes (not shown) are drilled in the joint material 200, and the binding wires 202 are formed in each of the many through holes. It is necessary to bind and integrate the joint material 200 and the reinforcing bar 201 through (so-called “wire”).
Drilling a large number of through holes in the joint material, passing the binding wires through each of the large number of through holes, and binding and integrating the joint material and the reinforcing bar is a cumbersome and difficult task. A lot of effort is required.
The prior art regarding the spraying method using a joint material exists in addition to what is shown in FIGS. 23-25 (for example, refer patent document 1, patent document 2). However, it does not intend to solve the above-mentioned problems.

JP 2010-101106 A JP 2006-104902 A

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and rainwater infiltrates from the gap formed in the joint material due to the temperature shrinkage of the spray material, and the earth and sand of the natural ground part flows out. An object of the present invention is to provide a spraying method capable of preventing the slope from becoming unstable and easily installing the joint material and the joint material used therefor.

The spraying method of the present invention includes a portion (101) extending in the longitudinal direction (direction perpendicular to the slope) and a portion extending in the lateral direction (horizontal direction along the slope: a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction). Disposing a joint material having a cross-sectional shape (T-shaped cross-sectional shape) having (102) on the natural ground (G);
A step of holding (temporarily fastening) the joint material (100) to the ground (G) by a pin-like member (103: fixed pin) penetrating the portion (101) extending in the lateral direction of the joint material (100); ,
It is characterized by comprising a step of spraying the spray material (M).

  In the joint material (100) used in the spraying method described above, the cross-sectional shape is a portion (101) extending in the longitudinal direction (direction perpendicular to the slope) and the lateral direction (horizontal direction along the slope: longitudinal). A through-hole (104) having a portion (102) extending in a direction perpendicular to the direction) into which a pin-like member (103: fixing pin) can be inserted in the portion (102) extending in the lateral direction It is characterized by being formed.

  In carrying out the present invention, a cylindrical portion (4: slide collar) divided into a plurality of portions (for example, two upper and lower portions) and having a through-hole formed therein, a nut (5: long nut), and a radially outer portion A washer (6: petal washer) having a part extending in the direction and a part not extending, and threaded through the washer (6) to the female screw (51) in the upper region of the nut (5: long nut) The first bolt (7: upper bolt) and the second bolt (8: threaded through the cylindrical portion (4: slide collar) and screwed into the female screw (52) in the lower region of the nut (5: long nut) : It is also possible to use a repair / reinforcement bolt (3: shear bolt) having a lower bolt).

When using repair / reinforcement bolts (3: shear bolts), the layer (1: existing concrete layer) where the cylindrical part (4) of the repair / reinforcement bolt (3) should be embedded in the ground (G) A step of drilling an insertion hole (10) for inserting the above-mentioned repair / reinforcement bolt (3: shear bolt) into the layer (1) to be embedded;
Inserting the cylindrical portion (4) side of the repair / reinforcement bolt (3) into the drilled insertion hole (10);
Rotating the first bolt (7: upper bolt) with the electric tool (20);
It is preferable to have a step of spraying the spray material (which constitutes the new spray layer (2)).
Here, the step of rotating with the power tool (20),
Screwing the male screw (71) of the first bolt (7: upper bolt) and the female screw (51: upper female screw) in the upper region of the nut (5: long nut);
Screwing the male screw (81) of the second bolt (8: lower bolt) and the female screw (52: lower female screw) in the lower region of the nut (5);
A step of compressing the cylindrical portion (4: slide collar) in the axial direction by the bolt head (82) of the nut (5) and the second bolt (8) and moving radially outward;
Sandwiching a washer (6: petal washer) having a portion extending radially outward and a portion not extending between the bolt head (72) of the first bolt (7) and the upper end of the nut (5);
It is preferable to have.

According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the joint material (100) has a cross-sectional shape (T-shaped cross section) having a portion (101) extending in the vertical direction and a portion (102) extending in the horizontal direction. Shape). Since there is a portion (102) extending in the lateral direction, the ground (G) in the region below the joint material (100) is covered with the portion (102) extending in the lateral direction, and the joint material (100 ) Is prevented from communicating with the natural ground (G).
Therefore, even if the spray material (M) shrinks in temperature and a gap (S) occurs at the place where the joint material (100) is provided, the gap (S) and the ground (G) are not in communication, and the gap ( Rainwater that has entered from S) is blocked by the laterally extending portion (102) and does not reach the natural ground (G). For this reason, rainwater (R) is prevented from penetrating into the region where the joint material (100) is disposed in the ground (G), and the region (the region where the joint material is disposed in the ground) may become brittle. Is prevented.
Therefore, earth and sand do not flow out from the gap (S) formed at the position of the joint material (100) (not weathered), and the slope is kept stable. And since earth and sand do not flow out, it is prevented that the downward direction of the area | region which provided the joint material (100) in a natural ground becomes hollow.

Here, the portion (101) extending in the vertical direction and the portion (102) extending in the horizontal direction extend in parallel to the slope direction of the slope.
Therefore, the rainwater (R in FIG. 1) in the gap (S) at the location where the joint material (100) is provided flows downward (as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1), and the joint material (100) It does not stay in the gap (S) formed in the. Therefore, it can be prevented that the material penetrates the region below the joint material (100).

In the present invention, in order to arrange the joint material (100) on the slope, the fixing pin (103) may be passed through the portion (102) extending in the lateral direction. Unlike the conventional joint material, it is not necessary to pierce the through hole along the reinforcing bar and to bind the joint material with the wire through the through hole.
Therefore, a complicated operation of “piercing a through hole in the joint material and binding and integrating the joint material and the reinforcing bar through the binding wire in the through hole” becomes unnecessary.
Further, the fixing with the fixing pin (103) is sufficient if the joint material (100) can be held (temporarily secured) on the ground (G) only while the spraying material (M) is sprayed onto the slope. According to the present invention, since the spray material (M) presses the laterally extending portion (102) of the joint material (100), the joint material (100) is grounded by the spray material (M). It is because it is fixed to.
For this reason, when the joint material (100) is held on the ground (G), a small number of fixing pins (103) may be used, and the labor for installing the joint material (100) on the ground (G) is reduced. Is done.

Here, when the above-described reinforcing bolt (3: shear bolt) is used, the nut (long nut: 5) is present, so the first bolt (upper bolt: 7) is used with the electric tool (20). The bolt head (72) is rotated, the first bolt (7) passing through the washer (petal washer: 6) and the nut (5) upper region are screwed together, and the cylindrical portion (slide collar: 4) A second bolt (lower bolt: 8) that penetrates through the nut (5) and a lower region of the first bolt (7) that penetrates the washer (6) The second bolt (8) passing through the cylindrical part (4) does not contact the upper end of the second bolt (8), and the washer (6) is a bolt head (72) of the first bolt (7) passing therethrough. And firmly held by the upper end of the nut (5). Therefore, if the bolt head (72) of the first bolt (7) is rotated by the electric power tool (20), the washer (6) is reliably positioned at the upper end of the nut (5).
Therefore, if the length of the nut (5) (the vertical position of the upper end portion of the long nut 5 when tightened with the electric power tool 20) is set so that the washer (6) has a desired vertical position. The washer (6) is securely and accurately held at the vertical position (desired vertical position) of the upper end of the nut (5).
For this reason, the bolt head (72) of the first bolt (7) is rotated with the electric tool (20) while the washer (6) is at a desired vertical position, so that the repair / reinforcement bolt ( 3: Shear bolt) can be tightened at once.

When the above-described reinforcing bolt (3: shear bolt) is used, the first bolt (7) can be obtained by rotating the bolt head (72) of the first bolt (7) with the electric tool (20). The male screw (71) and the female screw (51: upper female screw) of the nut (5) are screwed together, and the male screw (81) of the second bolt (8) and the nut (5) The female screw (52: lower female screw) is screwed together.
As a result, the second bolt (8) that penetrates the cylindrical portion (4) and the lower region of the nut (5) are firmly screwed together, and the second bolt (8) that penetrates the cylindrical portion (4). ) Are compressed and the parts (41, 42) constituting the cylindrical part (4) move radially outward (increase in diameter in the radial direction), so that the repair / reinforcement bolt (3) according to the present invention is securely attached. It can be fixed to the existing concrete layer (1).

Further, when the first bolt (7) penetrating the washer (6) and the upper region of the nut (5) are firmly screwed together, the washer (6) becomes the upper end of the nut (5). In a state of being in contact with this position (in a state of being sandwiched between the bolt head 72 of the first bolt and the upper end of the nut 5).
Furthermore, since the washer (6) is firmly sandwiched between the bolt head (72) of the first bolt (7) and the upper end of the nut (5), the mounting strength of the washer (6) is ensured.

It is a perspective view which shows the joint material used in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the joint material vicinity at the time of constructing 1st Embodiment using the joint material of FIG. It is process drawing for demonstrating the procedure which constructs 1st Embodiment. It is process drawing which shows the process following FIG. It is process drawing which shows the process following FIG. It is a front view which shows the use condition of the shear volt | bolt used in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the shear bolt shown in FIG. 6. It is explanatory drawing which assembles and shows the shear bolt of FIG. 7 in the state before construction. It is process drawing which shows the insertion hole drilling process of the repair and reinforcement construction method using the shear bolt shown in FIG.6, FIG.7, FIG.8. It is process drawing which shows the process of inserting a shear bolt into an insertion hole. It is process drawing which shows the state which the slide collar in the existing concrete layer expanded in the radial direction. FIG. 11 is a process diagram illustrating a process of tightening a bolt head of an upper bolt with an electric tool in the state illustrated in FIG. 10. It is process drawing which shows the state which tightened with an electric tool and the upper side bolt, the lower side bolt, and the long nut are screwing together. It is explanatory drawing which shows the direction of the force which acts on a lower side volt | bolt and a slide collar when it tightens with an electric tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which the diameter of the slide collar expanded radially by the existing concrete layer by tightening with an electric tool. It is explanatory drawing explaining the site which constructs 2nd Embodiment. In 2nd Embodiment, it is process drawing which shows the state which drilled the insertion hole which embeds a shear bolt in the existing concrete layer. It is process drawing which shows the state which inserted the shear volt | bolt in the insertion hole, and was fixed to the existing concrete layer. It is process drawing which shows the state which hold | maintained the joint material to the existing concrete layer which fixed the shear bolt. It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. It is process drawing which shows the process of spraying a spraying material on the existing concrete layer which fixed the shear bolt and hold | maintained the joint material. FIG. 22 is a process diagram illustrating a process following the process in FIG. 21. It is a front view which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the joint material which concerns on a prior art to a slope. It is sectional drawing of the slope of FIG. It is front sectional drawing which shows the problem of a prior art.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In describing the first embodiment, first, the joint material used in the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
The joint material used in the first embodiment is generally indicated by reference numeral 100 in FIG. 1, which is a perspective view showing the joint material. The joint material 100 extends in parallel with the inclination direction of the slope of the natural ground G.
The cross-sectional shape of the joint material 100 is T-shaped, and extends in the longitudinal direction (arrow V direction: direction perpendicular to the slope) and in the lateral direction (arrow H direction: direction parallel to the slope). It has a portion 102 that extends.

The height of the member 101 extending in the vertical direction (vertical height) has a layer (thickness of the sprayed layer L _M) of Coatings M (concrete or mortar) and approximately equal. An appropriate number of through holes 104 are formed in the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction, and a fixing pin 103 (see FIG. 2) for fixing the joint material 100 to the natural ground G can be inserted into the through hole 104. It is.
In FIG. 1, illustration of the fixing pin 103 is omitted. The state in which the joint material 100 is fixed to the natural ground G by the fixing pins 103 is clearly shown in FIG.

FIG. 2 shows a state where the spray material M (concrete or mortar) has been subjected to temperature shrinkage after being constructed using the joint material 100 of FIG.
2, the temperature contraction of the newly sprayed with spray material M (concrete or mortar), a gap S is formed between the joint member 100 (member 101 extending in the longitudinal direction) of the layer sprayed layer L _M Yes.
However, the gap S does not communicate with the natural ground G, and a member 102 extending in the lateral direction of the joint material 100 is interposed between the lower portion of the clearance S and the natural ground G. In other words, since the natural ground G in the region below the joint material 100 is covered with the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction in the joint material 100, the gap S does not communicate with the natural ground G.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 3-5, the procedure to construct using the joint material 100 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 is demonstrated.
First, as shown in FIG. 3, the joint material 100 is installed on the slope of the natural ground G. That is, in the target area where the spraying method is applied, the joint material 100 having a T-shaped cross section (the joint material having the member 101 extending in the vertical direction and the portion 102 extending in the horizontal direction) is the slope of the natural ground G. The joint material 100 is installed on the slope of the natural ground G so as to extend in parallel with the inclination direction.
Although not shown in FIG. 3, in the region where the spraying method is applied, the plurality of joint materials 100 are installed so as to be approximately parallel and approximately equidistant.

Next, the joint material 100 installed on the slope of the natural ground G is held on the natural ground G by the fixing pins 103 (temporarily secured).
The fixing pin 103 is inserted into the natural ground G through a through hole 104 (not shown) provided in a portion 102 extending in the lateral direction of the joint material 100. As a result, the joint material 100 is held (temporarily secured) on the natural ground G.

In the step shown in FIG. 4, a spray material M (for example, concrete or mortar) is sprayed on the ground pile G where the joint material 100 is installed and held.
The spraying material M is sprayed using a known technique. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the spray material M is sprayed using the nozzle 105 so that the layer of the spray material M (spray layer) has a predetermined thickness over the entire area where the spray method is applied.

FIG. 5 shows a state where spraying of the spray material M (concrete or mortar or the like) is completed.
In the cross section shown in FIG. 5, new layer of sprayed material M (sprayed layer) L _M is formed on top of the natural ground G. As buried in spray layer L _M, joint member 100 is held in the natural ground G.
Here with joint material 100 is held in the natural ground G in a fixed pin 103, since the portion 102 extending in the transverse direction are covered with a layer L _M of Coatings M, the weight of the sprayed layer L _M ( It is fixed to the natural ground G by the weight of the spray material M).
In Figure 5, the thickness of the spray layer L _M has become vertical height of the joint member 100 (the vertical height of the portion 101 extending in the vertical direction) schematically equal.

According to the first embodiment shown, the layer (spray layer) L _M of the newly sprayed with spray material, the rainwater R that has entered from the gap S of a portion provided with a joint member 100, indicated by arrows in FIG. 1 Thus, it flows toward the lower side of the natural ground G along the slope of the slope and does not stay in the gap S.
Further, since the gap S is not communicated with the natural ground G because it is blocked by the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction, the rainwater R does not reach the natural ground G. Therefore, rainwater R is prevented from penetrating into the region where the joint material 100 is disposed in the ground mountain G, and the region (the region where the joint material is disposed in the ground mountain) is not fragile.
And earth and sand do not flow out from the clearance gap S formed in the position of the joint material 100 (it does not weather), and the state where the slope is stable is maintained. Furthermore, since the earth and sand do not flow out, the area below the area where the joint material 100 is provided in the natural ground G does not become hollow as shown in FIG.

Further, according to the illustrated first embodiment, in order to dispose the joint material 100 on the slope, the fixing pin 103 may be fixed through the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction. Unlike conventional joint materials, it is not necessary to drill a large number of through holes in the joint material, place reinforcing bars along the joint material, and bind the reinforcing bars and the joint material through wires for each of the many through holes of the joint material.
For this reason, the joint material is drilled with a large number of through-holes, and the joint material and the reinforcing bars are bound and integrated through a binding wire (wire) for each of the many through-holes (a complicated and labor-intensive work). It becomes unnecessary.
Furthermore, since the spray material _M in the spray layer LM presses the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction of the joint material 100, the joint material 100 is fixed to the natural ground G by the spray material M. Therefore, the fixing with the fixing pin 103 is sufficient if the joint material 100 can be held (temporarily fastened) on the natural ground G only while the operation of spraying the spray material M on the slope is being performed. Therefore, when the joint material 100 is held on the natural ground G, a small number of fixing pins 103 may be used, and the labor and cost of installing the joint material 100 on the natural ground G are reduced.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Prior to describing the second embodiment, the shear bolt 3 used in the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 6, a shear bolt 3, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 3, is fixed to the existing concrete layer 1 and embedded in a new spray layer 2 (for example, a new concrete layer).
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the shear bolt 3 (repair / reinforcement bolt) has a slide collar 4, a long nut 5, a petal washer 6, an upper bolt 7, a lower bolt 8, and a second washer 9. doing.
The petal washer 6 has a part extending outward in the radial direction and a part not extending, and is a part manufactured by press molding from a sheet metal or the like.

The entire slide collar 4 has a cylindrical shape, and is divided into two parts 41 and 42 by a boundary surface 43 inclined with respect to the longitudinal central axis. A through hole is formed inside the slide collar 4.
In FIG. 6, the slide collar 4 is tightened in the axial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 6) and receives an axial compression force, and the portions 41 and 42 move (slide) to each other along the boundary surface 43 by the compression force. Thus, a state in which the diameter is expanded in the radial direction (left-right direction in FIG. 6) is shown.
The state before the axial compression force is applied to the slide collar 4, that is, the state before the slide collar 4 expands in the radial direction is shown in FIGS.

The inner diameter of the through hole inside the slide collar 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the lower bolt 8. When the slide collar 4 is tightened and receives the compressive force in the axial direction, even if the two portions 41 and 42 move (slide) with each other along the boundary surface 43, they do not interfere with the lower bolt 8, and the required radial direction This is to ensure that the diameter can be expanded.
In other words, the inner diameter of the inner through hole of the slide collar 4 is the portion when the slide collar 4 slides along the boundary surface 43 due to the axial compression force acting on the outer diameter of the lower bolt 8. 41 and 42 are set large enough not to interfere with the lower bolt 8.

The upper bolt 7 passes through the petal washer 6, and the male screw 71 of the upper bolt 7 is screwed into a female screw 51 formed in the upper region of the long nut 5.
The petal washer 6 is sandwiched between the upper bolt 7 and the long nut 5 by tightening the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 by interposing the petal washer 6 between the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the long nut 5. Accordingly, the petal washer 6 is firmly held at the position of the upper end portion of the long nut 5.

In FIG. 6, the bolt head 82 of the lower bolt 8 is located in the lower part of the drawing.
A washer 9 (second washer) is interposed between the long nut 5 and the slide collar 4. Although not shown, the washer 9 can be omitted.
The washer 9 includes an upper washer 91 and a lower washer 92, and is a so-called “double washer”. However, the washer 9 can be configured as a single washer without being a double washer (not shown).

The lower bolt 8 passes through the slide collar 4 and the second washer 9, and the male screw 81 of the lower bolt 8 is screwed into a female screw 52 formed in the lower region of the long nut 5. .
When the slide collar 4 and the second washer 9 are sandwiched between the bolt head 82 and the long nut 5 of the lower bolt 8 and the bolt head 82 is tightened, the male screw 81 of the lower bolt 8 is placed in the lower region of the long nut 5. Since it is screwed into the formed female screw 52, the slide collar 4 is compressed in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction of the slide collar 4) in FIG. Is securely fixed to the existing concrete layer 1.

As shown in FIG. 6, the length of the long nut 5 (axial dimension: vertical dimension in FIG. 6) is such that the upper bolt 7 and the upper region of the long nut 5 are completely screwed together, and the length of the lower bolt 8 is long. When the lower region of the nut 5 is completely screwed, the lower end of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the lower bolt 8 are set so as not to contact each other.
At the same time, the length of the long nut 5 (axial dimension: vertical dimension in FIG. 6) is such that the upper bolt 7 and the upper area of the long nut 5 are completely screwed together, and the lower bolt 8 and the lower nut 5 lower side. When the petal washer 6 is sandwiched between the upper bolt 7 and the long nut 5 and is firmly held at the position of the upper end of the long nut 5, the petal washer is removed from the existing concrete layer 1. The distance up to 6 is set to be a predetermined distance.
Here, the predetermined distance from the existing concrete layer 1 to the petal washer 6 is set in a range of 30 to 70% of the thickness dimension of the new spray layer 2 sprayed to the existing concrete layer 1.

The lower half of the shear bolt 3 (below the slide collar 4 and the lower bolt 8) is embedded in the existing concrete layer 1, and the upper half (the petal washer 6, the upper bolt 7, the long nut 5, the washer 9). The upper part of the lower bolt 8) is embedded in the new spray layer 2.
In the portion where the shear bolt 3 is embedded in the existing concrete layer 1 (lower half: the lower portion of the slide collar 4 and the lower bolt 8), the slide collar 4 is radially expanded as described above. The bolt 3 is firmly fixed to the existing concrete layer 1.

On the other hand, in the part (upper half: petal washer 6, upper bolt 7, long nut 5, washer 9, upper part of lower bolt 8) where the shear bolt 3 is embedded in the new spray layer 2, the petal washer 6 The shear bolt 3 is fixed to the new spray layer 2. In other words, the petal washer 6 exhibits the function of fixing the shear bolt 3 to the new spray layer 2.
Therefore, the vertical position (the upper end position of the long nut 5) of the petal washer 6 is appropriately set depending on the thickness of the new spray layer 2. And the vertical direction position (height position from the existing concrete layer 1 surface) of the petal washer 6 is within the range of 30 to 70% of the thickness of the new spray layer 2 from the surface of the existing concrete layer 1 as described above. Preferably there is.
When the position of the petal washer 6 is too close to the surface of the existing concrete layer 1 (when the distance from the existing concrete surface 1 is less than 30% of the thickness of the new spray layer 2), the position of the petal washer 6 is the position of the existing concrete layer 1 When it is too far from the surface (when the distance from the existing concrete surface 1 is larger than 70% of the thickness of the new spray layer 2), the shear bolt 3 is fixed to the new spray layer 2 by the petal washer 6 It has been confirmed by the inventor's experiment that this is not exhibited.

As described above, the petal washer 6 is firmly sandwiched between the bolt head 72 of the bolt (upper bolt 7) penetrating the petal washer 6 and the upper end portion of the long nut 5, so that the petal washer 6 is attached. Strength is secured.
In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the petal washer 6 is manufactured by processing a single metal plate by press molding or the like, and does not have a welded portion. Since the welded portion is inferior in strength, the petal washer 6 used in the illustrated embodiment is compared with a petal nut (nut used in the prior art) in which a petal (portion extending radially outward) is welded to the nut. And its strength is high.

6 and 7, the shape of the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 that penetrates the petal washer 6 is a normal hexagonal shape, but other than the hexagonal shape according to the configuration of the socket portion of the electric tool and other conditions. It can be shaped. For example, the shape of the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 can be of a type in which the outer diameter is circular and a hole (so-called blind hole) that can be rotated with a hexagon wrench is formed in the center.
The cross-sectional shape of the long nut 5 is not limited to a hexagon. As long as the female screw is formed, there is no particular limitation on the cross-sectional shape of the long nut 5.

6 and 7, when the electric tool 20 is rotated and the upper bolt 7 is tightened, the upper bolt 7 is screwed with the upper region of the long nut 5 to tighten the petal washer 6. The lower bolt 8 is screwed with the lower region of the long nut 5 to fasten the slide collar 4 and apply an axial compressive force. At that time, the lower end of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the lower bolt 8 do not come into contact with each other and do not interfere with each other.
The petal washer 6 is sandwiched between the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end portion of the long nut 5, and is firmly fixed to the position of the upper end portion of the long nut 5. Accordingly, the length of the long nut 5 (vertical position of the upper end of the long nut 5) is set so that the vertical position of the petal washer 6 becomes a desired position (the distance from the existing concrete layer becomes a predetermined distance). If set, the petal washer 6 has a desired vertical position corresponding to the thickness dimension of the new spray layer 2, and the effect of fixing the shear port 3 to the new spray layer 2 can be reliably achieved. .

At the same time, since an axial compressive force acts on the slide collar 4, the portions 41 and 42 move (slide) with each other along the boundary surface 43 and expand in the radial direction. 3 is firmly fixed to the existing concrete layer 1.
Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 can be rotated with the electric power tool 20 and fastened at once to fix the shear bolt 3, and the petal washer 6 is set to a desired vertical position, The shear bolt 3 can be fixed to the new spray layer 2.
Since the petal washer 6 is firmly clamped and fixed by the upper end of the long nut 5 and the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7, the petal washer 6 is rotated by touching the operator's foot when spraying. Is prevented.
Further, since the petal washer 6 can be manufactured by processing a single metal plate such as press forming, there is no need to weld a member extending radially outward to the nut, and the welding is inferior in strength. There is no need to provide a part.

Next, with reference to FIG. 8 and the following, a mode of repairing and reinforcing a concrete structure using the shear bolt 3 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 will be described.
FIG. 9 is a process diagram showing an insertion hole drilling process of a concrete structure repair / reinforcement method using the shear bolt 3. In the process shown in FIG. 9, the lower half of the shear bolt 3 is embedded in the existing concrete layer 1 (the portion where the slide collar 4 is provided and the lower side thereof, specifically, the lower portion of the slide collar 4 and the lower bolt 8). An insertion hole 10 is drilled.

Here, the depth of the insertion hole 10 (axial dimension H in FIG. 9) does not need to be exactly equal to the dimension of the lower half of the shear bolt 3 (the place where the slide collar is provided and its lower side). As shown in FIG. 10, when the shear bolt 3 is inserted into the insertion hole 10, the lower washer 92 of the double washer 9 comes into contact with the surface 101 of the existing concrete layer 1, and the shear bolt 3 is further moved into the existing concrete layer. This is because it does not enter the insertion hole 10 drilled into 1.
The depth H of the insertion hole 10 is made equal to the dimension of the lower half of the shear bolt 3 (the place where the slide collar 4 is provided and its lower side), and the upper washer 91 and the lower washer 92 may be omitted. Is possible.
The inner diameter D of the insertion hole 10 is larger than the outer diameter of the shear bolt 3 before the slide collar 4 is expanded, and when the slide collar 4 is expanded during construction, it bites into the existing concrete layer 1 and is firmly fixed. Are set to dimensions.

FIG. 10 shows a process of inserting the shear bolt 3 into the insertion hole 10.
Prior to the step shown in FIG. 10, the shear bolt 3 is assembled as shown in FIG. In the state of FIG. 8, the upper bolt 7 passes through the petal washer 6, and the male screw 71 and the female screw (upper female screw 51) of the long nut 5 are only partially screwed together. The lower bolt 8 passes through the slide collar 4, and only a part of the male screw 81 and the female screw (lower female screw 52) of the long nut 5 are screwed together. In the state shown in FIG. 8, the shear bolt 3 is not tightened in the axial direction, and the axial compression force does not act on the slide collar 4 and the diameter is not expanded.

10, the lower half of the shear bolt 3 in the state shown in FIG. 8 (the lower portion of the slide collar 4 and the lower bolt 8) is inserted into the insertion hole 10 drilled in the existing concrete layer 1.
The shear bolt 3 is inserted into the insertion hole 10 until the lower washer 92 of the double washer 9 contacts the surface 101 of the existing concrete layer 1. Here, when the lower washer 92 of the washer 9 comes into contact with the surface of the existing concrete layer 1, the shear bolt 3 is configured not to be inserted into the insertion hole 10 any more.

In the state of the process shown in FIG. 10, the male screw 71 of the upper bolt 7 and the female screw of the long nut 5 (upper female screw 51) are not completely screwed, and only a part of them is screwed. is there. The male screw 81 of the lower bolt 8 and the female screw (lower female screw 52) of the long nut 5 are not completely screwed, and only a part is screwed.
No axial compressive force is applied to the slide collar 4, and the portions 41, 42 are not slid along the boundary surface 43 and are not expanded in the radial direction. That is, the slide collar 4 has a cylindrical shape.

In the state of FIG. 10, the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt is tightened with the wrench part 21 (FIG. 12) of the electric tool 20 (FIG. 12), so that the shear bolt 3 in the existing concrete layer 1 is removed as shown in FIG. The slide collar 4 expands in the radial direction.
In FIG. 11, in the portion (lower half) where the shear bolt 3 is embedded in the existing concrete layer 1, the slide collar 4 is expanded in the radial direction, so that the lower half of the shear bolt 3 is the existing concrete. Firmly attached to layer 1.
Further, the petal washer 6 is firmly sandwiched between the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end portion of the long nut 5.

The details of rotating the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 (the bolt passing through the petal washer) of the shear bolt 3 with the electric power tool 20 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 12 is a process diagram showing a state in which the shear bolt 3 is tightened with the electric tool 20.
In FIG. 12, the wrench portion 21 of the electric power tool 20 is engaged with the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 of the shear bolt 3 inserted into the insertion hole 10. Then, the electric power tool 20 is driven to rotate the bolt head 72, and the shear bolt 3 is tightened.

When the electric power tool 20 is driven to rotate the bolt head 72, the male screw 71 of the upper bolt 7 and the female screw of the long nut 5 (upper female screw 51) are completely screwed together as shown in FIG. . At the same time, the male screw 81 of the lower bolt 8 penetrating the slide collar 4 and the female screw of the long nut 5 (lower female screw 52) are completely screwed together.
When the male screw 71 of the upper bolt 7 and the female screw (the upper female screw 51) of the long nut 5 are completely screwed together, the petal washer 6 is moved by the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the long nut 5. , Firmly sandwiched.
Here, since the long nut 5 exists in the illustrated embodiment, the upper bolt 7 and the upper region 51 of the long nut 5 are sufficiently screwed together, and the lower bolt 8 and the lower region 52 of the long nut 5 are connected. Even when fully screwed, the lower end of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the lower bolt 8 do not contact each other, and a gap δ exists in the long nut 5.

In the state shown in FIG. 13, when the rotational force of the electric tool 20 is further applied to the upper bolt 7, the long nut 5 and the lower bolt 8 that are sufficiently screwed with the lower bolt 8 are connected as shown in FIG. 14. The bolt head 82 applies the axial compression force F of the lower bolt 8 to the slide collar 4. Therefore, the two portions 41 and 42 of the slide collar 4 move (slide) with each other at the boundary surface 43, and move in the left-right direction (radially outward) in FIG. That is, the diameter is increased in the radial direction.
More specifically, in FIG. 14, the two portions 41 and 42 of the slide collar 4 to which the axial compression force F is applied receive a horizontal component force (pressing force) F _h of the shearing force that acts on the boundary surface 43. . By the pressing force F _h, 2 two parts 41 and 42 of the slide collar 4 expanded radially outward by overcoming the frictional resistance or various resistances slides to one another at the interface 43. As a result, the slide collar 4 firmly presses the existing concrete layer 1 or bites into the existing concrete layer 1 (see FIG. 11), so that the shear bolt 3 is firmly attached to the existing concrete layer 1.

With reference to FIG. 15, a state in which the slide collar 4 is expanded in the radial direction will be described.
FIG. 15 shows a final state in which the two portions 41 and 42 of the slide collar 4 are slid relative to each other at the boundary surface 43 and radially expanded.
In FIG. 15, reference numeral t <b> 1 is a nominal length (under neck length) of the upper bolt 7, and reference numeral t <b> 2 is a nominal length of the lower bolt 8 (under the neck length, from the lower end of the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7. The length L of the lower bolt 8 to the lower end of the bolt head 82 is
L = t1 + t2 + δ
Here, δ is a gap between the lower end of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the lower bolt 8 generated in the long nut 5 as described above. By setting δ> 0, the shear bolt 3 is maximized. Even when the upper bolt 7 and the upper region of the long nut 5 are sufficiently screwed together and the lower bolt 8 and the lower region of the long nut 5 are sufficiently screwed together, It does not contact the upper end of the lower bolt 8 and does not interfere with it.

In the state of FIG. 15, the petal washer 6 is firmly sandwiched between the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the long nut 5, and therefore does not move in the axial direction (vertical direction) from the position of the upper end of the long nut 5. . Therefore, the upper bolt 7, the upper region of the long nut 5, the lower bolt 8, and the long nut with the petal washer 6 held in a predetermined position (the upper end portion of the long nut 5) in the axial direction of the shear bolt 3. 5 can be tightened at a stretch by screwing the male and female screws into the lower region.
After tightening the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 with the electric tool (FIGS. 11 to 15), the spraying operation is performed.

When the shear bolt described in FIGS. 6 to 14 is used, by rotating the upper bolt 7 with the electric tool 20,
A step of screwing the male screw 71 of the upper bolt 7 and the female screw 51 in the upper region of the long nut 5;
Screwing the male screw 81 of the lower bolt 8 and the female screw 52 in the lower region of the long nut 5;
A step of compressing the slide collar 4 in the axial direction by the long nut 5 and the bolt head 82 of the lower bolt 8 to expand the diameter in the radial direction;
Retightening the male screw 71 of the upper bolt 7 and the female screw 51 in the upper region of the long nut 5 and retightening the male screw 81 of the lower bolt 8 and the female screw 52 in the lower region of the long nut 5;
A step of firmly sandwiching the petal washer 6 between the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end of the long nut 5;
These five steps are executed.
Through these five steps, the shear bolt 3 is firmly fixed to the existing concrete layer 1, and the petal washer 6 is firmly fixed to a predetermined position (the position of the upper end of the long bolt 5).

  If spraying is performed in the state shown in FIG. 11, the shear bolt 3 is fixed to the new spraying layer 2 by the petal washer 6 as shown in FIG. 6. In other words, the petal washer 6 exhibits the function of fixing the shear bolt 3 to the new spray layer 2.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, when the repair / reinforcement method using the shear bolt 3 described in FIGS. 6 to 15 is applied, the joint material described in FIGS. 1 to 5 is applied.
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 16 to FIG. 21, instead of spraying the spray material directly on the natural ground G, a new spray material M (for example, concrete material) is sprayed on the existing concrete layer 1, and then on the existing concrete layer 1. A new spray layer 2 (for example, a new concrete spray layer) is formed. Further, in place of the fixing pin 103 used in the first embodiment, a shear bolt 3 is used.

  In FIG. 16 which shows the site | part which constructs 2nd Embodiment, the existing concrete layer 1 is formed in the surface of the natural ground G. In FIG. In 2nd Embodiment, when spraying the new spraying material M on the surface of the said existing concrete layer 1, the joint material 100 demonstrated in FIGS. 1-5 and the shear bolt 3 (3A) are used.

In the step shown in FIG. 17, the insertion hole 10 for embedding the shear bolt 3 (not shown in FIG. 17) is drilled in the existing concrete layer 1. The depth H and the inner diameter D of the insertion hole 10 are as described with reference to FIG. Further, the insertion holes 10 are formed at substantially equal intervals as many as necessary for embedding the number of shear bolts 3 necessary for reinforcement and repair when a new spray material M is sprayed.
In the second embodiment, when installing (holding) a joint material 100 (not shown) having a T-shaped cross section on the surface of the existing concrete layer 1, instead of the fixing pin 103 used in the first embodiment, shearing is performed. Bolt 3A is used. Therefore, the existing concrete layer 1 is also provided with an insertion hole 10 for embedding a shear bolt 3 </ b> A for holding the joint material 100 in the existing concrete layer 1.

In the step shown in FIG. 18, the shear bolt 3 is inserted into the insertion hole 10 (not shown) and fixed to the existing concrete layer 1. The details of the process of fixing the shear bolt 3 to the existing concrete layer 1 are as described above with reference to FIGS. That is, the shear bolt 3 is inserted into the insertion hole 10 (see FIG. 10) in an assembled state (see FIG. 8). Then, by tightening the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 with the electric tool 20 (see FIG. 12), as shown in FIG. 11, the slide collar 4 of the shear bolt 3 in the existing concrete layer 1 is expanded in the radial direction. It is fixed to the existing concrete layer 1.
Also in FIG. 18, in the portion where the shear bolt 3 is embedded in the existing concrete layer 1, the slide collar 4 is expanded in the radial direction, so that the shear bolt 3 is firmly attached to the existing concrete layer 1. It is done. Further, the petal washer 6 is firmly sandwiched between the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt 7 and the upper end portion of the long nut 5. As described above, the petal washer 6 is integrated with the new spray layer 2 and has the effect of preventing the new spray layer 2 from peeling off from the existing concrete layer 1.

In the process shown in FIG. 19, the joint material 100 is held on the existing concrete layer 1 to which the shear bolt 3 is fixed. In the process of FIG. 19, the joint material 100 is installed and held on the existing concrete layer 1 by using a shear bolt arranged on the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction of the joint material 100.
In the process of FIG. 19, first, a joint material 100 having a T-shaped cross section is formed by extending a member 101 extending in the vertical direction and a portion 102 extending in the horizontal direction in parallel to the inclination direction of the slope of the existing concrete layer 1. Install as it exists. Although not shown in FIG. 19, an appropriate number of joint materials 100 are installed so as to be substantially parallel and at almost equal intervals in the region where the spraying work is performed.

Next, the joint material 100 is held on the existing concrete layer 1 by the shear bolt 3 </ b> A. That is, the shear bolt 3A is inserted into the existing concrete layer 1 through the through hole 104 (not shown) provided in the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction of the joint material 100, and the bolt head 72 of the upper bolt of the shear bolt 3 is tightened. And hold (adhere) to the existing concrete layer 1.
In FIG. 19, the distance between the shear bolt 3 fixed to the existing concrete layer 1 and the shear bolt 3 </ b> A arranged on the portion 102 extending in the lateral direction of the joint material 100 is substantially equal.

Since the shear bolt 3 is used in the second embodiment, the new spray layer 2 is firmly integrated with the existing concrete layer 1 without peeling off.
The shear bolt 3 </ b> A for holding the joint material 100 may be different in size from the shear bolt 3.
Furthermore, also in the second embodiment, it is possible to use the fixing pin 103 shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 for holding the joint material 100.

As shown in FIG. 20 showing the AA cross section in FIG. 19, the joint material 100 has a T-shaped cross section, a portion 101 extending in the vertical direction (arrow V direction), and a horizontal direction (arrow H direction). ). Therefore, the vertical height of the member 101 extending in the vertical direction is substantially equal to the thickness of the concrete layer 2 to be newly sprayed.
FIG. 21 shows a process of spraying a new spray material M on an existing concrete layer 1 to form a new spray layer 2.
Also in 2nd Embodiment, when spraying the spray material M, it can carry out using a well-known technique (for example, nozzle 105). In the step of spraying the spray material M, the spray material M is sprayed evenly over the entire construction area of the spray work until the new spray layer 2 has a predetermined thickness.

FIG. 22 shows a state in which the spraying of the spray material M (for example, a new concrete material) is completed, and shows a BB cross section in FIG.
By spraying the new spray material M, the new spray layer 2 is formed on the upper part of the existing concrete layer 1. As shown in FIG. 22, the joint material 100 fixed to the existing concrete layer 1 by the shear bolt 3 is buried in the new spray layer 2. Here, the thickness of the new spray layer 2 and the height in the vertical direction of the portion 101 extending in the longitudinal direction of the joint material 100 are substantially equal.

  Also in the illustrated second embodiment, the joint material 100 is provided even if a gap S is generated between the member 101 extending in the longitudinal direction of the joint material 100 and the newly sprayed new concrete layer 2 due to temperature shrinkage. Rainwater that has entered the gap S between the locations does not stay in the gap S but flows downward in the slope (see FIGS. 1 and 2). And since the clearance gap S is interrupted | blocked by the part 102 extended in the horizontal direction of the joint material 100, it does not communicate with the existing concrete layer 1, but the rain water which permeated the clearance gap S permeates into the existing concrete layer 1 do not do. As a result, the existing concrete layer 1 is prevented from becoming brittle, and the earth and sand of the natural ground below the existing concrete layer 1 is prevented from flowing out and becoming hollow.

Further, since the shear bolt 3 is used, the new concrete layer 2 is prevented from being peeled off from the existing concrete layer 1.
Furthermore, since the shear bolt 3 can be used to hold (fix) the joint material 100 to the existing concrete layer 1, the new concrete layer 2 can be reinforced by the member that holds the joint material 100.

  It should be noted that the illustrated embodiment is merely an example, and is not a description to limit the technical scope of the present invention.

1 ... Existing concrete layer 2 ... New spray layer (new concrete layer)
3 ... Bolt for repair and reinforcement (shear bolt)
4 ... Cylindrical part (slide color)
5 ... Nut (long nut)
6 ... Washer (petal washer)
7 ... 1st bolt (upper bolt)
8 ... Second bolt (lower bolt)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... 2nd washer 10 ... Insertion hole 100 ... Joint material 101 ... The part 102 extended in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to a slope) of joint material ... The side of joint material A portion 103 extending in a direction (a horizontal direction along the slope): a fixing pin 104, a through hole 105, a nozzle 200, a joint material 201, a reinforcing bar 202, and a binding wire. G ... Ground mountain R ... Rainwater L _M ... Layer of spray material (newly sprayed concrete or mortar layer)
M ... spray material S ... gap

Claims (2)

Arranging a joint material having a cross-sectional shape having a portion extending in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to the slope) and a portion extending in the horizontal direction on the ground;
A step of holding the joint material in the ground by a pin-like member penetrating the portion extending in the lateral direction of the joint material;
A spraying method comprising a step of spraying a spray material.   The joint material used in the spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape has a part extending in the vertical direction and a part extending in the horizontal direction, and a pin-like member is provided in the part extending in the horizontal direction. A joint material in which a through-hole that can be inserted is formed.

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