JP2016010214A - Power consumption control device and power consumption control method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contribute to frequency stabilization of a power system by controlling power consumption of a user.SOLUTION: A power consumption control device includes: power consumption related physical quantity target value setting means for setting a target value of a physical quantity affecting power consumption of power consumption means connected to a distributed system within a power user connected to the power system; frequency measurement input means for inputting a frequency measurement of the distribution system; power consumption command value calculation means for calculating a power consumption command value from the frequency measurement inputted by the frequency measurement input means and the target value set by the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting means; and power consumption command value output means for outputting the power consumption command value calculated by the power consumption command value calculation means.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a power consumption control device and a power consumption control method for an electrical device installed in a power consumer (including a general household) connected to a power system.

  The frequency changes when an imbalance of power supply and demand occurs in the power system. Conventionally, power generation facilities of thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants mainly adjust the frequency by increasing or decreasing the output according to the frequency change. In recent years, with the increase in renewable energy such as wind power generation and solar power generation, the ratio of power plant output having frequency adjustment capability to total power generation output is decreasing. If the ratio of thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants in the power system further decreases in the future, the frequency adjustment capability of the power system may decrease and the frequency fluctuation may increase.

  Moreover, frequency fluctuation suppression by charging / discharging of a secondary battery has been devised as one of the measures for imbalance of power supply and demand. In recent years, consumer power consumption adjustment has been devised as a technology related to smart grids. These methods are expected as a method of suppressing the supply and demand imbalance of the power system without increasing the ratio of power plants having frequency adjustment capability.

JP 2002-44867 A

  The method of the patent document intends to control the frequency of the power system by the input / output control of the power converter connected to the secondary battery. However, when the capacity of the power conversion device and the secondary battery is small relative to the total capacity of the power system, it is almost impossible to control the frequency of the power system. If the frequency of the power system does not return to the reference frequency due to other factors, the secondary battery is fully discharged or fully charged, and then does not function.

  In the case of power consumption adjustment, the main purpose is suppression of the power consumption peak value, and control for the purpose of frequency adjustment is not considered. In addition, when the generated power in the power system becomes surplus due to load drop or the like, and the system frequency increases, it cannot be handled.

  The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a power consumption control device and a power consumption control method that contribute to frequency stabilization of a power system by controlling power consumption of a consumer.

  A power consumption control apparatus according to an embodiment includes a power consumption related physical quantity target value setting unit that sets a target value of a physical quantity that affects power consumption of a power consumption unit connected to a power distribution system in a power consumer connected to the power system. Power consumption from frequency measurement value input means for inputting frequency measurement values of the distribution system, frequency measurement values input to the frequency measurement value input means, and target values set by the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting means A power consumption command value calculating means for calculating a command value; and a power consumption command value outputting means for outputting the power consumption command value obtained by the power consumption command value calculating means.

  By controlling the power consumption of the consumer, it is possible to provide a power consumption control device and a power consumption control method that contribute to frequency stabilization of the power system.

The figure which shows the example (example which installed the power consumption control apparatus outside the distribution board) of the system configuration by 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the internal structural example of the power consumption control apparatus by the embodiment. The figure which shows the example (The example in case a power consumption adjustment rate is 10% and a power consumption target value is 400 W) of the power consumption command value calculation function of an air conditioner. The figure for demonstrating the example 1 (The example in case a power consumption adjustment rate is 10% and a power consumption target value is 500 W) of the power consumption command value calculation function of an electric water heater. The figure for demonstrating the example 2 (The example in case a power consumption adjustment rate is 10% and a power consumption target value is 600 W) of the power consumption command value calculation function of an electric water heater. The figure for demonstrating the example 3 (The example in case a power consumption adjustment rate is 10% and a power consumption target value is 200 W) of the power consumption command value calculation function of an electric water heater. The figure which shows the example (example which incorporated the power consumption control apparatus in the distribution board) of the system configuration by 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows the internal structural example of the power consumption control apparatus by the embodiment. The figure which shows the example (example which incorporated the power consumption control apparatus in the control part of the electric equipment) of the system configuration by 3rd Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
First, the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration according to the first embodiment (an example in which a power consumption control device is installed outside a distribution board). FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the power consumption control apparatus according to the embodiment.

  In FIG. 1, a power consuming means is connected to a distribution system 11 in a power consumer connected to the power system via a switchgear 13, and the power consuming means is a light 21, a television 22, a refrigerator 23, and an air conditioner 31. The example which installed the electric power control apparatus 40 in the exterior of the distribution board 12 is shown. The power consuming means is generally connected to the distribution line via connection means such as an outlet, but the illustration of the connection means is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the power consumption control device 40 sets a power consumption target value for each power consumer (for example, a power consumption target value for an electric water heater and a power consumption target value for an air conditioner). Setting unit 51, 52, frequency measurement value input unit 46 for inputting frequency measurement value of distribution system 11, frequency measurement value input to frequency measurement value input unit 46 and power consumption target value setting unit 51, 52, respectively Power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 for calculating power consumption command values from the set power consumption target values, respectively, and power consumption commands for outputting the power consumption command values respectively obtained by the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 Value output units 451 and 452.

  Each component is configured in functional units. In an actual device, one function may be composed of a plurality of elements, or a plurality of functions are included in one component. Also good. Although FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the power consumption target value setting unit is built in the power control apparatus, the power consumption target value setting unit may be provided outside the power consumption control apparatus.

  The frequency measurement value input unit 46 inputs the frequency measurement value and outputs it to the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432, respectively. The power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 output the power consumption target values set manually or automatically to the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432, respectively. The power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 calculate the power consumption command values from the frequency measurement values and the power consumption target values, respectively, and output them to the power consumption command value output units 451 and 542, respectively. The power consumption command value output units 451 and 542 output the power consumption command values to the control units of the electrical equipment (for example, the electric water heater control unit 37 of the electric water heater 36 and the air conditioner control unit 32 of the air conditioner 31). That is, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an example of outputting two types of power consumption command values, that is, a power consumption command value of the electric water heater 36 and a power consumption command value of the air conditioner 31.

  Next, an example of the calculation method of the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 will be described using specific numerical examples.

  For convenience, it is assumed that there is no loss in the electric circuit, and the case where each element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is in the following state will be described.

Electric light: 100W
TV: 200W
Refrigerator: 300W
Air conditioner: 400W
Electric water heater: 500W
Air conditioner power consumption target value: 400W
Electric water heater power consumption target value: 500W
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a function of the power consumption target value, frequency measurement value, and power consumption command value of the air conditioner, and shows an example in which the power consumption target value is 400 W. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a function of the power consumption target value, the frequency measurement value, and the power consumption command value of the electric water heater, and shows an example when the power consumption target value is 500 W.

  The power consumption command value is a value at a point where a line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects with a line (horizontal axis) of the frequency measurement value 50 Hz. When the frequency measurement value is 50 Hz, the power consumption command value at the point where the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects with the frequency measurement value line (horizontal axis) is 400 W for the air conditioner and electric hot water The vessel is 500W. Since the frequency measurement value is 50 Hz and the same as the reference frequency, each power consumption command value is the same value as each power consumption target value.

  When the frequency measurement value changes to 51 Hz, the power consumption command value at the point where the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects with the frequency measurement value 51 Hz line (horizontal axis) is 560 W for the air conditioner. Electric water heater is 700W. When the power consumption of the air conditioner and electric water heater is controlled according to the power consumption command value, the power consumption becomes larger than the power consumption target value, which contributes to the suppression of the frequency increase of the power system.

  When the frequency measurement value changes to 49 Hz, the power consumption command value at the point where the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value intersects with the frequency measurement value 49 Hz line (horizontal axis) is 240 W for the air conditioner. Electric water heater is 300W. When the power consumption of the air conditioner and the electric water heater is controlled according to the power consumption command value, the power consumption becomes smaller than the power consumption target value, which contributes to suppression of the frequency drop of the power system.

  FIG. 5 shows an example in which the power consumption target value of the electric water heater is 600 W. In this example, the power consumption command value when the frequency measurement value is 51 Hz is 800 W. The power consumption command value when the frequency measurement value is 49 Hz is 400 W.

  FIG. 6 shows an example in which the power consumption target value of the electric water heater is 200 W. In this example, the power consumption command value when the frequency measurement value is 51 Hz is 400 W. The power consumption command value when the frequency measurement value is 49 Hz is 0 W.

  As described above, if the frequency measurement value is the reference frequency, the power consumption command value is constant at the same value as the power consumption target value, which contributes to frequency stabilization of the power system. When the frequency measurement value is larger than the reference frequency, the power consumption command value increases according to the difference between the reference frequency and the frequency measurement value, which contributes to suppression of the frequency increase of the power system. When the frequency measurement value is smaller than the reference frequency, the power consumption command value is reduced according to the difference between the reference frequency and the frequency measurement value, which contributes to suppression of frequency reduction of the power system.

  In the example of FIGS. 1 to 6, a power consumption target value setting unit for an air conditioner, a power consumption command value calculation unit, a power consumption command value output unit, a power consumption target value setting unit for an electric water heater, and a power consumption command value calculation unit The power consumption command value output unit has been described as being divided, but the power consumption target value setting unit, the power consumption command value calculation unit, and the power consumption command value output unit are all or partly for air conditioners and electric water heaters. It may be common.

  In the example of FIGS. 3 to 6, the method of obtaining the power consumption command value from the function (graph) of the power consumption target value, the frequency measurement value, and the power consumption command value has been described. The power consumption command value may be obtained from a numerical table, a numerical string, or the like. 3 to 6, the function of the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value is a straight line. However, the function of the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value may be a broken line or a curve.

  According to the first embodiment, even if the power consumption of consumers in the power system fluctuates, the power generation output and power consumption are unbalanced, and the frequency of the power system changes, the frequency of the power system is the reference. If the frequency is higher than the frequency, the power consumption of the electrical equipment can be increased and the increase in the frequency of the power system can be suppressed, while if the frequency of the power system is lower than the reference frequency, the power consumption of the electrical equipment is reduced, The frequency drop of the power system can be suppressed. Therefore, even if the output ratio of the hydroelectric power plant or thermal power plant responsible for frequency adjustment of the power system is reduced, frequency fluctuation can be suppressed by adjusting the power consumption of the electric equipment, which contributes to frequency stabilization of the power system.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration according to the second embodiment (an example in which a power consumption control device is built in a distribution board). FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the power consumption control apparatus according to the embodiment.

  7 and 8 are examples in which the power consumption command value is used instead of the power consumption setting value, the frequency measurement value is obtained from the voltage, and the power consumption adjustment rate setting unit 44 is added. The power consumption command value is built in the panel, and the power consumption command value is input from the smart meter 50 to the power consumption control device 40, and the power consumption control device 40 shows an example of inputting a voltage as the amount of electricity.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the power consumption control device 40 includes a power consumption target value input unit 51 that inputs a power consumption command value of a power consumer as a target value power consumption target value, and an electric amount of the distribution system 11. A voltage input unit 41 for inputting a voltage, a frequency measurement unit 42 for obtaining a frequency measurement value from the voltage input by the voltage input unit 41, a settling rate setting unit 44 for setting a power consumption settling rate, and a settling rate setting unit 44 A power consumption command value calculation unit 43 that calculates a power consumption command value from the set power consumption adjustment rate, the frequency measurement value obtained by the frequency measurement unit 42, and the power consumption target value input by the power consumption target value input unit 51. And a power consumption command value output unit that outputs a power consumption command value obtained from the power consumption command value calculation unit 43. The power consumption target value input unit 51, the power consumption command value calculation unit 43, the power consumption regulation rate setting unit 44, and the power consumption command value output unit 45 are commonly used for air conditioners and electric water heaters.

  In FIG. 8, the power consumption setting rate setting unit 44 is built in the power consumption control device 40, but the power consumption setting rate setting unit 44 may be provided outside the power consumption control device 40.

  The power consumption command value calculation unit 43 uses the frequency measurement value obtained from the voltage and the power consumption command value (power consumption target value) input from the smart meter 50 to the power consumption target value input unit 51. Find the value. Further, the power consumption command value calculation unit 43 has a function of changing a coefficient (slope) of a function used at the time of calculation according to the power consumption adjustment rate setting value set by the power consumption adjustment rate setting unit 44. The power consumption adjustment rate is expressed by the following equation, for example.

Power consumption rate (%)
= [(F2-f1) / reference frequency] / [(P2-P1) / maximum output] x 100 (%)
P1 = Power Consumption at Frequency f1 P2 = Power Consumption at Frequency f2 FIGS. 3 to 6 show examples in which the power consumption adjustment rate setting value is 10%. For example, when the power consumption adjustment rate setting value is 5%, the slope of the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value is doubled compared to FIGS. For example, when the power consumption regulation rate setting value is 20%, the slope of the line (thick line) indicating the relationship between the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value is ½ compared to FIGS.

  In the example of FIGS. 3 to 6 and the above formula, the function of the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value is a straight line, but the function of the frequency measurement value and the power consumption command value may be a broken line or a curve.

  An example of a calculation method in the power consumption command value calculation unit 43 is the same as that in the first embodiment except that a frequency measurement value obtained from the power consumption command value and the voltage is used instead of the power consumption setting value.

  According to the second embodiment, even in a facility equipped with the smart meter 50, power consumption control using the function can be performed, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system configuration according to the third embodiment (an example in which a power consumption control device is built in a control unit of an electrical device).

  FIG. 9 shows an example in which the power consumption control device 40 is built in a control unit of an electric device. That is, two types of power consumption control devices 40 are prepared, one corresponding to the electric water heater 36 and one corresponding to the air conditioner 31, and each power consumption control device 40 is connected to the electric water heater control unit 37 of the electric water heater 36. The air conditioner 31 is incorporated in the air conditioner control unit 32 of the air conditioner 31.

  According to the third embodiment, in addition to the effects obtained in the second embodiment, the configuration can be simplified by installing the power consumption control device 40 by utilizing the empty space in the electrical equipment. Can do.

  In the configuration example (FIGS. 2 and 8) of the power consumption control device 40 shown in the first to third embodiments, the power consumption target value (for example, for power consumption means such as an air conditioner) is used. Although the case of providing the power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 (or the power consumption target value input unit 51 for inputting the power consumption target value setting unit 51) for setting the power consumption target value) is illustrated, the present invention is not limited to this. The target value to be set or input is not limited to the “power consumption target value” of the power consuming means, but the “target value of the physical quantity that affects power consumption” of the power consuming means (for example, the temperature target value of the power consuming means such as an air conditioner) ). In other words, the power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 (or the power consumption target value input unit 51) described above are the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting unit (for setting the target value of the physical quantity that affects the power consumption of the power consuming means ( Alternatively, it can be realized as a power consumption related physical quantity target value input unit for inputting a target value of the physical quantity.

  Further, the following modifications may be made.

  (1) Instead of the power consumption target value setting units 51 and 52 (or the power consumption target value input unit 51), a power consumption measurement unit that measures power consumption is provided. In this case, the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 (or the power consumption command value calculation unit 43) use the power consumption measurement value measured by the power consumption measurement unit and the frequency measurement value input unit 46 instead of the power consumption target value. The power consumption command value is calculated from the frequency measurement value input to.

  (2) Instead of providing a power consumption target value setting unit 51, 52 (or power consumption target value input unit 51), in addition to providing a power consumption measuring unit for measuring power consumption, the power consumption measuring unit is further measured. A power consumption storage unit for storing the measured power consumption value is provided. In this case, the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 (or the power consumption command value calculation unit 43) store the power consumption stored value stored in the power consumption storage unit and the frequency measurement value input unit 46 instead of the power consumption target value. The power consumption command value is calculated from the input frequency measurement value.

  (3) In the configuration of (1) or (2), the power consumption measurement value measured by the power consumption measurement unit and / or the power consumption storage value stored in the power consumption storage unit is calculated (averaged) Etc.) is further provided. In this case, the power consumption command value calculation units 431 and 432 (or the power consumption command value calculation unit 43) use the power consumption calculation processing value obtained by the power consumption calculation processing unit and the frequency measurement value input unit instead of the power consumption target value. The power consumption command value is calculated from the frequency measurement value input to 46.

  As described in detail above, according to at least one embodiment, a power consumption control device and a power consumption control method that contribute to frequency stabilization of a power system by controlling power consumption of a consumer are provided. Can do.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Power distribution system, 12 ... Distribution board, 13 ... Switchgear, 21 ... Electric light, 22 ... Television, 23 ... Refrigerator, 31 ... Air conditioner, 40 ... Power consumption control device, 42 ... Frequency setting part, 43,431,432 ... power consumption command value calculation unit, 45, 451, 452 ... power consumption command value output unit, 46 ... frequency measurement value input unit, 51, 52 ... power consumption target value setting unit (or power consumption target value input unit).

Claims (6)

A power consumption related physical quantity target value setting means for setting a target value of a physical quantity that influences the power consumption of the power consumption means connected to the power distribution system in the power consumer connected to the power system;
Frequency measurement value input means for inputting a frequency measurement value of the distribution system,
Power consumption command value calculation means for calculating a power consumption command value from the frequency measurement value input to the frequency measurement value input means and the target value set by the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting means;
A power consumption command value output means for outputting a power consumption command value obtained by the power consumption command value calculation means.   2. The power consumption control device according to claim 1, further comprising a settling rate setting means for setting a settling rate, wherein the power consumption command value calculating means is configured to calculate power consumption from a settling rate, a frequency value, and a power consumption target value. A power consumption control device that calculates a command value. In the power consumption control device according to claim 1 or 2, in place of the frequency measurement value input means for inputting the frequency measurement value, an electric quantity input means for inputting the electric quantity of the distribution system,
Frequency measuring means for obtaining a frequency measurement value from the quantity of electricity input by the quantity of electricity input means,
Power consumption command value calculation means for calculating a power consumption command value from the frequency measurement value obtained by the frequency measurement means and the target value set by the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting means,
A power consumption command value output means for outputting a power consumption command value obtained by the power consumption command value calculation means.   4. The power consumption control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the amount of electricity is voltage or current.   5. The power consumption control device according to claim 1, further comprising a power consumption target value input unit that inputs a power consumption target value instead of the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting unit, The power consumption command value calculation means calculates the power consumption command value using the frequency measurement value input to the frequency measurement value input means and the power consumption target value input by the power consumption target value input means. Power consumption control device. In the power consumption control method for controlling the power consumption of the power consumption means connected to the power distribution system in the power consumer connected to the power system,
A power consumption related physical quantity target value setting step for setting a target value of a physical quantity that affects the power consumption of the power consumption means;
A frequency value input step of inputting a frequency value of the distribution system;
A power consumption command value calculation step of calculating a power consumption command value from the frequency value input in the frequency value input step and the target value set in the power consumption related physical quantity target value setting step;
A power consumption command value output step of outputting a power consumption command value obtained in the power consumption command value calculation step.

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