JP2015517655A - Bリンパ性悪性疾患を治療するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
Bリンパ性悪性疾患を治療するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
より具体的には、MYC誘導性マウスリンパ腫モデルおよびMYC形質転換ヒトB細胞株を用い、本明細書では、PAX5がc−MYCタンパク質の安定性と定常状態レベルを制御することが示されている。このプロモーター依存性翻訳後のc−MYC制御機構はITAM/BCR活性に依存した。代わりに、PI3K−Akt−GSK3β軸では、c−MYCは別のPAX5の標的であるCD19の制御を受けた。その結果、CD19欠乏マウスのB細胞のMYCレベルは急激に低下した。逆に、PAX5の自発的サイレンシングによりマウスリンパ腫のCD19が再発現するとMYCレベルが上昇し、その重要な標的遺伝子の発現、in vitroでの細胞増殖、およびin vivoでの全体的な腫瘍成長が亢進した。ヒトBリンパ腫では、CD19 mRNAレベルがMYC活性化遺伝子レベルと相関することがわかった。この値は、MYCレベル同様、リンパ腫患者の全生存率とも負の相関関係があった。したがって、CD19はB細胞腫瘍におけるMYC由来腫瘍性成長の主なBCR依存性制御因子である。
CD19はMycレベルを上昇させるだけでなく、明らかにMycの機能にプラスの効果を持つ。例えば、CD19で再構成されたMyc5−M5細胞は、Mycの標的であるODC1、CDK4、およびLDHA値の上昇を示す(図6E参照)。さらに、ヒトDLBCLでは、CD19 mRNAレベルとODC1、CDK4、およびLDHAを含むMyc活性化遺伝子レベル(図8B、8C参照)との間に、非常に統計的に有意な相関関係がある。したがって、MYCレベル同様、DLBCLのCD19レベルは患者の生存と負の相関関係がある(図8D、8E)。
特定の実施形態では、前記被験化合物が抗体、小分子、またはペプチド、特にCD19またはPI3Kの結合ドメインを模倣したペプチドである。このペプチドは約5〜約50アミノ酸長、特に約5〜約10、15、または20アミノ酸長であり、前記タンパク質の1つと配列同一性を有する(例えば、少なくとも90%、95%、または100%同一)。例えば、前記ペプチドは、前記CD19細胞質尾部のチロシン482および/または513を含む配列を有する(例えば、前記チロシン残基は前記ペプチドを1/3に分けたほぼ中央部に位置する)。
以下の定義は、本発明の理解を促すために提供される。
本明細書で使用するとおり、「被験者」という用語は、動物、特に哺乳類、特にヒトを指す。
細胞培養とP13K阻害剤による処理
Myc5およびMyc5−M5マウスBリンパ腫細胞は、報告されているとおり培養した(Cozma et al. (2007) J. Clin. Inv., 117:2602−2610; Yu et al. (2003) Blood 101:1950−1955; Johnson et al. (2004) Nat. Immunol., 5:853−861; Chung et al. (2008) Cancer Biol. Ther., 7:1758−1764)。ヒトB−リンパ芽球細胞株のP493−6には誘導型c−Myc抑制系があり、c−Myc転写は合成tetO7−TPプロモーターによって行われる(Pajic et al. (2000) Int. J. Cancer 87:787−793)。この細胞株は、10%の加熱不活性化した無tet FBS(Clontech)、100U/mLのペニシリン、および100μg/mLのストレプトマイシン(Gibco)を加えたRPMI−1640(BioWhittaker)で培養した。P493−6におけるc−Mycの発現は、ドキシサイクリンを加えることで抑制した。一部の実験では、P493−6を10μMの濃度でPI3K阻害剤LY294002(#9901;Cell Signaling)により処理した。
脾臓全体は8〜12週齢のC57BL/6雌マウスから採取し、1mlシリンジの先の丸い吸引具で優しくすりつぶした後、70ミクロンの細胞ろ過器に細胞を通過させた。脾細胞の赤血球は、赤血球溶解緩衝液(Sigma)を用い、2分間室温で溶解させた。次に細胞を計数し、50μMのβ−MEを加えた完全RPMI培地に1x106/mlで播種した。5% CO2を使用し、37℃のインキュベーターで2時間培養した後、浮遊細胞を採取した。これを、LPS(原液濃度10μg/ml)を1:1000で希釈したものを加えた前述の培地を用い、1×106cells/mlで播種した。脾細胞は3日間LPSで培養した。培地およびLPSは毎日補充し、細胞も毎日計数して増殖を確認した。3日目までに、フローサイトメトリーにより評価すると細胞のCD19+B220+は90%を超えた。8〜12週齢の雌WTまたはCD19ノックアウトマウス(C57BL/6系バックグラウンド、Rickert et al. (1995) Nature 376:352−355)の骨髄は、大腿骨および脛骨から完全DMEMで洗い流して採取した。前記骨髄の赤血球は、赤血球溶解緩衝液(Sigma)を用い、2分間室温で溶解させた。次に細胞を計数し、IL−7を含むMethoCult(商標)培地において、0.5×106cells/35mm皿で播種した。9日目、フローサイトメトリーにより評価すると細胞のCD19+B220+は90%を超えた。フローサイトメトリーに使用したBD Pharmingen抗体はPEラット抗マウスCD19(cat番号557399)、FITCラット抗マウスCD45R/B220(cat番号553088)であった。対照抗体は、FITCラットIgGa(cat番号553929)およびPEラットIgGa(cat番号553930)を含む。
Myc5細胞でPax5またはCD19を過剰発現させるため、細胞をレトロウイルスコンストラクトのPax5−MIGR1(Cozma et al. (2007) J. Clin. Inv., 117:2602−2610; Yu et al. (2003) Blood 101:1950−1955)またはCD19−pMx−ires−GFP(日本、横浜の理化学研究所Tomohiro Kurosaki博士)により形質導入した。空のベクターによる形質導入を対照とした。Myc5細胞のITAMが介在したシグナル伝達の影響を解明するため、細胞はWTまたは変異型ITAMをコードするレトロウイルスMIGR1により形質導入し、いずれのチロシンYxx(L/I)x6−8Yxx(L/I)もアラニンで置換した。ITAMコンストラクトはGenentech(米国カリフォルニア州San Francisco)のものとした。形質導入後24時間で形質導入細胞のGFP発現を分析し、形質移入効率を決定した。また、形質導入細胞のGFP発現は、GFP発現ごとに同一のゲートを用いて分類、回収し、タンパク質解析を行った。構成的に活性な形態のAKTを過剰発現させるため、HA標識ミリストイル化AKT1またはAKT2をコードするレトロウイルスコンストラクトのpLNCX1をMyc5細胞に形質導入した(米国ペンシルバニア州Philadelphiaのペンシルバニア大学Morris Bimbaum博士)。形質導入細胞はG418(Sigma)により2週間選択し、レトロウイルスコンストラクトの過剰発現をウエスタンブロットによるHA発現を通してアッセイした。マウスPTEN、WTヒトMycおよび前記T58A Myc変異体(米国ニューハンプシャー州HanoverのDartmouth Medical School、Michael Cole博士)のcDNAをレトロウイルスベクターMSCV−ires−NGFRにクローン化した。形質移入効率は、アイソタイプの対照抗体であるPEマウスIgG1(555749、BD Pharmingen(商標))またはPEマウス抗ヒトCD271/NGFR(560927、BD Pharmingen(商標))を用いてフローサイトメトリーにより決定し、細胞表面のNGFR発現を検出した。すべてのレトロウイルスをGP293細胞へのLipofectamine(商標)2000(Invitrogen)を用いた形質移入により作成した。感染はポリブレン(4μg/ml)存在下、30時間かけて行った。
報告されているとおりに全細胞溶解物を調製し、ウエスタンブロットを行った(Chung et al. (2008) Cancer Biol. Ther., 7:1758−1764)。抗Pax5抗体は米国ペンシルバニア州Philadelphia、ペンシルバニア大学のMichael L. Atchison博士から入手した。この研究で使用された他の一次抗体は、抗CD19抗体(#3574、Cell Signaling)、抗PAN AKT抗体(#4691、Cell Signaling)、抗ホスホAKT抗体(ser473、#4060、Cell Signaling)、抗Total GSK3β抗体(#9315、Cell Signaling)、抗ホスホGSK3β(ser9、#9336、Cell Signaling)、P493およびMyc5細胞のレトロウイルスc−Mycを検出する抗Total c−Myc抗体(OP−10、Calbiochem)、脾臓B細胞および骨髄由来B細胞のc−Mycを検出する抗Total c−Myc抗体(#5605、Cell signaling)、抗p−c−Myc Thr58抗体(A00242、Genscript)、抗p−c−Myc Ser62抗体(ab78318、abcam)、抗Total Lyn抗体(#2732、Cell Signaling)、抗ホスホLyn抗体(tyr396、ab40660、Abcam)、ウサギ抗HAクローン(Cat#H6908、Sigma)、抗CD22抗体(sc−7932、Santa Cruz)、および抗β−アクチン抗体(A3853、Sigma)を含む。免疫沈降については、HA標識WTまたは変異型ITAM形質導入Myc5細胞を冷PBSで一度洗って採取した後、プロテアーゼおよびホスファターゼ阻害剤を含む冷却した溶解用試薬(Passive Lysis Buffer)で溶解した。マウスモノクローナル抗HAクローン12CA5(Cat番号11583 816 001、Roche)の1:1000希釈液を用い、細胞対容積比1×106 cells/mlで溶解用試薬を用い、各サンプル同数の細胞からHA標識ITAMを免疫沈降させた。抗体のインキュベーションは4℃で14〜18時間行った後、プロテインAビーズ(Invitrogen)により免疫沈降し、プロテアーゼおよびホスファターゼ阻害剤を含む冷却した溶解用試薬で洗った。
Pax5またはCD19レトロウイルスコンストラクトで安定的に形質導入されたMyc5を、1μg/mlでシクロヘキシミド(Sigma)処理した50mlの円錐管に1×106/mlで播種し、95%エタノール(sigma)による刺激を対照とした。0、7.5、15、および30分間細胞を刺激し、1分間1700rpmで回転させて採取した後、直ちにタンパク質溶解液(protein lysis buffer、Bio−rad)で溶解した。ウエスタンブロット解析用のタンパク質サンプルは10% SDS−PAGEで分離した。c−Mycタンパク質レベルはImageJ 1.43(米国国立衛生研究所)を用いたデンシトメトリーにより定量化し、β−アクチンに対して正規化した値を定量化した。
Pax5またはCD19レトロウイルスコンストラクトで安定的に形質導入されたMyc5は、培地をL−メチオニンを含まないRPMIと1時間交換し、事前にメチオニンを除去した。in vivoにおいて、30分間107cells/mlの密度、0.2mCi/mlとし、35S−メチオニンにより細胞を標識した。標識後、直ちに5mM L−メチオニンを含むRPMIで一度細胞を洗い、表示された追跡時間、同じ培地でインキュベートした。細胞を採取し、c−Mycタンパク質を免疫沈降させた。標識c−Mycをオートラジオグラフィーで画像化し、ホスフォイメージャーにより定量化した。
すべての動物実験について、ペンシルバニア小児病院の所内動物実験委員会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee:IACUC)(プロトコール番号2009−12−902)がレビューおよび承認を行った。
in vivo実験では、1.5×107個のMyc5−M5細胞に、空のレトロウイルスベクター、pMx−ires−GFP、またはCD19をコードするレトロウイルスベクターを安定的に形質導入させた。最高GFP+発現量で分類した形質導入細胞をSCIDマウス(米国国立癌研究所)に皮下注射した。腫瘍サイズはキャリパーを用いて毎日測定し、腫瘍切除を行った日に腫瘍重量を記録した。ウエスタンブロット解析用のタンパク質溶解液は、溶解緩衝液1mlあたり腫瘍40mgの比で腫瘍を溶解させることで、腫瘍から採取した。Pax5ERTAMをコードするレトロウイルス(+4OHT)またはその対照ベクター(+4OHT)を感染させたMyc5−M5細胞の腫瘍を入手し(Cozma et al. (2007) J. Clin. Inv., 117:2602−2610)、ウエスタンブロット解析用のタンパク質溶解液を入手した。
Myc5−M5 CD19形質導入細胞のin vitroにおける増殖は、細胞増殖試薬WST−1(Roche Molecular Biochemicals)を用いて決定した。細胞を100μlの培地に1×103/ウェルで播種し、合計72時間インキュベートした。増殖の状態は、10μlの細胞増殖試薬WST−1を4時間インキュベートすることで、24時間ごとに判定した。処理済みサンプルの吸光度は、Synergy(商標)2マイクロプレートリーダー(BioTek Instruments)を用い、440nMでブランクの対照に対して3回測定した。
P493−6には、ヒトPax5(L−012241−00、Dharmacon)、ヒト総GSK3β(L−003010−00、Dharmacon)、またはヒトCD19(sc−29968、Santa Cruz)に対して二本鎖ON−TARGET plus(商標)SMARTpool(登録商標)siRNAを処理した。siRNA(D−001810−10)の非標的プールを、siRNA実験のネガティブコントロール(Dharmacon)として用いた。ヒトPax5、CD19、またはGSK3βに対して個々のsiRNA 4種類のON−TARGETセットを用いた。siRNAは製造業者の指示に従い(Lonza AG)、Amaxa(登録商標)Nucleofactor(登録商標)を用いてP493−6細胞に電気穿孔した。siRNAの送達効率は、非特異的二本鎖BLOCK−iTTM蛍光オリゴ(#2013、Invitrogen)により確認した。サイレンシングの有効性はウエスタンブロットにより確認した。10nMの対照または抗ヒトMyc siRNA(L−003282、Dharmacon)を用い、CD19レトロウイルスコンストラクトまたは前記対照ベクターを安定的に形質導入したMyc5を電気穿孔した。電気穿孔後24時間で細胞を採取し、細胞増殖を明らかにした。
Applied Biosystems(登録商標)7500システムを用いてリアルタイムq−PCRを行った。マウスMyc5_M5由来腫瘍の増幅に使用されたプライマー配列は、CDK4センス5’−caatgttgtacggctgatgg−3’(配列ID番号:1);CDK4アンチセンス5’−caggccgcttagaaactgac−3’(配列ID番号:2);ODC1センス5’−gtggcaactcatgaagcaga−3’(配列ID番号:3);ODC1アンチセンス5’−tgcaggcaagagctacaaga−3’(配列ID番号:4);LDHAセンス5’−tccgttacctgatgggagag−3’(配列ID番号:5);LDHAアンチセンス5’−gtaggcactgtccaccacct−3’(配列ID番号:6)であった。
細胞増殖試験は3回行った。CD19腫瘍試験は1群につき5匹のマウスで行った。統計学的有意性は、対応のない片側スチューデントのt検定により評価した。
HummelおよびLenzの研究データは、Gene Expression Omnibusゲートウェイ(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)から、それぞれGEO受入番号GSE4475およびGSE10846を用いてダウンロードした。Hummelの研究の患者は、最初にIg−MYC転座陽性と陰性に分類した。転座陰性の腫瘍はさらにCD19高値、中間値、低値に分類した。Gene Set Enrichment Analysisを行い、CD19HIGHおよびCD19LOW腫瘍の発現データを比較した。LenzおよびHummelの研究はデザインが同様であり、合わせて考えることができるため、これらのデータを用い、CD19およびMYCの発現が患者の生存に与える影響を評価した。プールしたデータを用い、正規化したCD19およびMYCの値の三分位を計算し、患者をCD19(またはMYC)低値、CD19(またはMYC)中間値、およびCD19(またはMYC)高値の3群に分類した。CD19(またはMYC)高値群とCD19(またはMYC)低値群のカプラン・マイヤー(KM)曲線を比較した。
生存解析については層別ログランク検定を行い、試験番号で層別化したCD19の効果を検討し(Kalbfleisch e tal. (2002) The statistical analysis of failure time data. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York)、2試験で考えられる差を明らかにした。両側P値0.05未満を統計学的に有意と考え、SAS 9.2を用いて解析を行った。GSEAについては、公称P値0.05未満、かつFDR q値0.25未満の場合に統計学的に有意であると考えた。
Pax5はc−Mycタンパク質レベルを維持する
まず、Mycの発現を停止するとPax5タンパク質レベルが低下するか否かを判断した。P493−6細胞に2〜12時間ドキシサイクリン(Dox)を処理した。Dox処理後2時間でMycタンパク質レベルが急激に低下したが、ウエスタンブロット法で判断する限り、Pax5レベルには感知できる変化がなかった(図1A、左図)。Doxを長時間曝露した後でも(24〜48時間)、Pax5の発現レベルに影響はなかった(図1A、右図)。Pax5発現量の変化がMycタンパク質レベルに影響するか否かを判断するため、Pax5の発現をPax5をコードしたレトロウイルス(MIGR1)を用い、MYC5細胞で回復させた。感染後24時間および48時間で細胞溶解液を採取し、ウエスタンブロット法により分析した。いずれの時点でも、Mycレベルの明確な上昇が観察された(図1B)。in vivoでMycレベルがPax5により誘導されるか否かを判断するため、条件付きで活性なPax5エストロゲン受容体(ER)の融合により再構成されたMyc5腫瘍を分析した(Cozma et al. (2007) J. Clin. Inv., 117:2602−2610)。Pax5活性を確認するため、腫瘍を持つ全マウスにERリガンドの4−ヒドロキシタモキシフェン(4−OHT)を処理した。これらの検体でも、Myc値とPax5ER値の間に強い正の相関関係があった(図1C)。対照的に、CD22値はPax5によりダウンレギュレートされた。
Pax5がないため、Myc5細胞はPax5標的遺伝子を発現せず、CD79aで最も顕著である(Ig−α)。ただし、Myc5細胞はPax5が再発現すると確実に誘導され(Cozma et al. (2007) J. Clin. Inv., 117:2602−2610)、構成的に発現したCD79bと複合体を形成する可能性があり(Ig−β)、その結果ITAMモチーフがリン酸化され、BCRシグナル伝達が起こる。この一連の事象がMyレベルを上昇させるか否かを判断するため、Ig−α/βのHA標識ITAMをコードするMIGR1レトロウイルスを形質導入したMyc5細胞を構成的に活性な配置または変異型配置で使用したが、ここでは、いずれのチロシンもアラニンで置換されている(Grande et al. (2006) Oncogene 25:2748−2757)。感染効率はフローサイトメトリーにより決定し、形質導入細胞はGFP+が97%を超えていることが確認された。MYC5−ITAMwtおよびMYC5−ITAMmut細胞のタンパク質溶解物は、最初にマウス抗HA抗体で免疫沈降させた。次に、免疫沈降物のSrcファミリーキナーゼLynを免疫ブロットしたが、LynはB細胞Ig−αのITAMに特異的に結合する(Clark et al. (1992) Science 258:123−126)。ウサギ抗HA抗体反応性ITAMをローディング・コントロールとして用いた。予想どおり、親細胞およびITAMmut形質導入細胞と比較し、野生型ITAMの過剰発現によりLynの結合は増加した(図3A、上図)。さらに、Tyr396のリン酸化により活性化したITAM結合Lynの量も、ITAMwt細胞で増加した。注意すべき点として、ITAMmutは一部のホスホ−Lynを動員したが、ITAMwtによるLynの動員ほど確実ではなく、ITAMコンストラクトの機能性を証明している(図3A、中央図)。それでも、Mycタンパク質レベルに変化はなく(図3A、下図)、BCR経路の重要な要素であるITAMの活性化は、Mycタンパク質の発現を増加させるには不十分であることを示している。
次に、Pax5およびCD19再構成株にタンパク質合成阻害剤であるシクロヘキシミド(CHX;Schneider−Poetsch et al. (2010) Nat. Chem. Biol., 6:209−217)を処理し、定常状態のMycレベルをウエスタンブロットにより測定した。30分にわたるCHX処理では、レトロウイルスにより形質導入されたPax5またはCD19のタンパク質発現に観察可能な影響はなかったが、Mycレベルは明らかにダウンレギュレートされた(図3G)。しかし、ベクターを形質導入したMyc5細胞ではMycの半減期が約17分であり、Pax5またはCD19を形質導入した細胞ではMycの半減期が大幅に延長し、それぞれ約90分および約40分となった(図3G、下図)。
CD19シグナル伝達の1つの既知の機能は、すべてBCRシグナル伝達との関連で、PI3の動員と活性化およびAktの活性化を確実に行うことである(Tuveson et al. (1993) Science 260:986−989; Buhl et al. (1999) J. Immunol., 162:4438−4446; Otero et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276:1474−1478; Fujimoto et al. (2002) J. Immunol., 168:5465−5476; Aiba et al. (2008) Blood 111:1497−1503; Gold et al. (2000) Immunol. Rev., 176:47−68)。Aktの活性化にCD19によるMycの安定化が伴うか否かを判断するため、P493−6細胞を抗CD19 siRNAを用いて電気穿孔し、Aktシグナル伝達経路の要素の発現レベルを評価した。図5Aに示すとおり、CD19のノックダウンにより、Mycタンパク質レベルが低下しただけでなく、Aktのホスホセリン−473およびAktの標的であるGSK3βのホスホセリン−9レベルも低下した。AktおよびGSK3β全体のレベルに変化はなかった。Aktのリン酸化がMycの安定化に必要であるか否かを判断するため、P493−6細胞にPI3K阻害剤LY294002を処理した。1時間のLY294002処理でpAktおよびpGSK3βレベルが低下し、Mycレベルも低下した(図5B)。Mycレベルの低下は比較的控えめであったため、この実験を脾臓B細胞で再度行い、フローサイトメトリーにより純度を分析した(図4B)。pAktおよびpGSK3βレベルが非常に低く、Mycが急激にダウンレギュレートされたことが根拠となっているとおり、これらの短期培養は非常に確実にLY294002に反応した(図5C)。
最後に、Akt−GSK3β軸がBCR陰性細胞のCD19によるMycの活性化に必要か否かを判断した。対照ベクター(MSCV−ires−NGFR)およびCD19を形質導入したMyc5細胞の分析では、Aktのリン酸化およびGSK3βの抑制的リン酸化の活性化がBCR充足B細胞と同様に亢進することが明らかとなった(図5G、左2列)。次に、前記PI3K経路の重要な負の制御因子であるPTENを過剰発現するように組み換えた細胞で、同じ実験を繰り返した。予想どおり、PTENは完全にCD19によるAktの活性化を消失させ、Mycのアップレギュレーションも阻害し(図5G、右2列)、これらの2つの現象に因果関係があることが確定した。
細胞分裂でMycが突出した役割を果たしていることを考え、CD19がMyc依存的に細胞増殖を促すのか否かを判断した。そのため、親およびCD19発現MYC5細胞に抗Myc siRNAを処理し、Mycの基底レベルとCD19で誘導されたMycレベルを低下させた。α−Myc siRNA存在下、CD19が細胞増殖に与える影響は、対照siRNA存在下でみられた影響よりもはるかに小さかった(図6A)。しかし、CD19存在下では、抗Myc siRNAが対照細胞ほどMycレベルを低下させる効果がなく(図6B)、結果の解釈を複雑にしていた。そのため、Pax5、CD19、Mycで形質導入したMYC5細胞の増殖速度も比較した(それぞれ図3F〜5F)。CD19またはMycで形質導入された細胞と比較し、Pax5で形質導入された細胞はかなり速く増殖したが(図6C)、これはおそらくCD19に加え、Pax5がIgαおよび増殖を促すBCRシグナル伝達を再活性化するためである(Cozma et al. (2007) J. Clin. Inv., 117:2602−2610)。しかし、CD19およびMycを形質導入した細胞はほぼ同じ速度で増殖し、CD19で誘導される増殖には、重要なMyc依存性の要素はないことを示唆している(図6C)。
Claims (9)
- 化学療法剤を同定する方法であって、少なくとも1つの被験化合物の存在下で、CD19とホスファチジルイノシチド−3−キナーゼ(PI3K)との結合アッセイを行う工程を有し、前記被験化合物が存在しない場合の結合と比較した、前記被験化合物の存在下でのCD19−PI3K結合量の減少が、前記化合物が化学療法剤であることを示すものである方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記結合アッセイは細胞によるスクリーニングアッセイである方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記CD19はCD19の細胞質尾部である方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記被験化合物は小分子、ペプチド、または抗体である方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記化合物はB細胞腫瘍を治療する化学療法剤である方法。
- それを必要とする被験者におけるB細胞腫瘍を阻害する方法であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1つのCD19−PI3K相互作用阻害剤を前記被験者に投与する工程を有する方法。
- 請求項6記載の方法において、前記B細胞腫瘍はリンパ腫またはB細胞急性リンパ芽球性白血病である方法。
- 請求項6記載の方法であって、さらに、前記被験者に少なくとも1つの他の化学療法剤を投与し、または放射線療法を行う工程を有する方法。
- 請求項6記載の方法において、前記阻害剤はCD19細胞質尾部のペプチド模倣体またはCD19細胞質尾部に免疫学的に特異的な抗体である方法。
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