JP2015505861A - 電気化学セルのためのポリウレタンに由来する膜および/またはセパレーター - Google Patents
電気化学セルのためのポリウレタンに由来する膜および/またはセパレーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015505861A JP2015505861A JP2014538886A JP2014538886A JP2015505861A JP 2015505861 A JP2015505861 A JP 2015505861A JP 2014538886 A JP2014538886 A JP 2014538886A JP 2014538886 A JP2014538886 A JP 2014538886A JP 2015505861 A JP2015505861 A JP 2015505861A
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- Prior art keywords
- diisocyanate
- glycol
- poly
- electrochemical cell
- dialkylene
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- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWSYMNWJOYKKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl diethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DWSYMNWJOYKKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NVJBFARDFTXOTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfite Chemical compound CCOS(=O)OCC NVJBFARDFTXOTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QUJIVWINNPEYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCCCCC QUJIVWINNPEYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OOZFJMRPUVMHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC OOZFJMRPUVMHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)C JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYCKNDWZDXGNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl sulfate Chemical class CCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCC JYCKNDWZDXGNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NOJFJZZMRDSOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl diethoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)P(=O)(OCC)OCC NOJFJZZMRDSOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFENPMLASUEABX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC SFENPMLASUEABX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BSOLVVCARHZLMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F BSOLVVCARHZLMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNUSZCPEUTHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound COCCOP(=O)(OCCOC)OCCOC QLNUSZCPEUTHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLEQRTPKFCPBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(oxolan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound C1CCOC1OP(OC1OCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCO1 DLEQRTPKFCPBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPXKBAHNVUNXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOP(=O)(OCCN(CC)CC)OCCN(CC)CC NPXKBAHNVUNXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3212—Polyhydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
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- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3215—Polyhydroxy compounds containing aromatic groups or benzoquinone groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4202—Two or more polyesters of different physical or chemical nature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4244—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G18/4247—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polyols containing at least one ether group and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G18/425—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polyols containing at least one ether group and polycarboxylic acids the polyols containing one or two ether groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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Abstract
Description
本願発明者らは、本明細書に明記するポリウレタンエラストマーからなる膜が、2.5mA/cm2に等しいか、または2.5mA/cm2より大きい高電流での充電および放電を行う電池用途で満足のいくLiイオン移動速度を与えることを発見した。この種の膜は、200℃を超える温度でさえ、収縮したり、溶融したりしない。これにより、ポリオレフィンセパレーターを用いた場合によく起こり得る収縮に起因する短絡を170〜200℃の温度範囲で防ぐ。したがって、これらの膜を、より表面が大きな電池に使用してもよい。前記膜の他の利点は、熱によって電極に積層するのに適しており、それぞれの巻き取りデバイスを用いることによって円形セルおよびプリズムセルを製造するとき、電極表面と良好に接触することである。
本発明の熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物は、ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物である。ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタンは、(i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られる。
(i)ポリオレフィン(PO)、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリブテン、エチレンプロピレンゴム(EPR)、ポリオキシエチレン(POE)、環状オレフィンコポリマー(COC)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(ii)スチレン系、例えば、ポリスチレン(PS)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)、スチレンアクリロニトリル(SAN)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBRまたはHIPS)、ポリアルファメチルスチレン、メタクリル酸メチルスチレン(MS)、スチレン無水マレイン酸(SMA)、スチレン−ブタジエンコポリマー(SBC)(例えば、スチレン−ブタジエン−スチレンコポリマー(SBS)およびスチレン−エチレン/ブタジエン−スチレンコポリマー(SEBS))、スチレン−エチレン/プロピレン−スチレンコポリマー(SEPS)、スチレンブタジエンラテックス(SBL)、エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマー(EPDM)で修飾されたSANおよび/もしくはアクリルエラストマー(例えば、PS−SBRコポリマー)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(iii)熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU);
(iv)ポリアミド、例えば、ナイロン(商標)(ポリアミド6,6(PA66)、ポリアミド11(PA11)、ポリアミド12(PA12)、コポリアミド(COPA)、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む);
(v)アクリルポリマー、例えば、ポリ(アクリル酸メチル)、ポリ(メタクリル酸メチル)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(vi)ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、塩素化ポリ塩化ビニル(CPVC)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
(vii)ポリオキシメチレン、例えば、ポリアセタール;
(viii)ポリエステル、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、コポリエステルおよび/またはポリエステルエラストマー(COPE)(ポリエーテル−エステルブロックコポリマー、例えば、グリコール修飾されたポリエチレンテレフタレート(PETG) ポリ(乳酸)(PLA)、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む);
(ix)ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS)、ポリフェニレンオキシド(PPO)、またはこれらの組み合わせ;
あるいはこれらの組み合わせ。
本発明は、上に定義したような膜を含む電気化学セルに関する。本発明の別の態様によれば、記載している膜を含むリチウム電池が提供される。さらに、電気化学セル(例えば、リチウム電池)中で本明細書に定義するような膜をセパレーターとして使用することに関する。電気化学セルとしては、電池、例えば、本明細書に示すリチウムイオン電池が挙げられ、さらに、コンデンサおよび同様のデバイス、例えば、スーパーコンデンサまたはウルトラ−コンデンサとも呼ばれる電気二重層コンデンサが挙げられる。
以下の表は、比較のために、従来技術のサンプルを含む種々のTPU配合物を示す。すべてのサンプルは、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート)(MDI)を用いて作られ、従来のTPU溶融重合処理法を用いて調製される。この方法では、ポリオール、鎖延長剤(BDOまたはHQEE)、および必要な場合、触媒をまずブレンドし、あらかじめ120℃に加熱しておく。MDIを溶融し、次いで、激しく攪拌しつつ、ポリオールブレンドを数分間混合し、混合物を重合させる。さらなる試験のために、得られたポリマーをTPUの融点より高い温度で圧縮成形して薄膜にする。
以下の表2は、実施例1のTPUサンプルの結果をまとめている。5秒でのショアA硬度をASTM D−2240にしたがって試験し、数字が大きいほど硬い材料を示す。TPU膜を減圧乾燥機中、80℃で24時間乾燥させ、次いで、伝導度試験のためにカソードとアノードを組み立てる前に、液体電解質に12時間浸した。電解質に浸されたとき、両寸法で円形膜サンプルを膨潤させ、寸法の変化および重量の変化を測定する。
2−Liイオン伝導度は、mS/cmであらわされる。上の表の値は、3個の別個の試験結果の平均である。試験対象の乾燥した膜(減圧乾燥機中、80℃で24時間乾燥)を液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)に12時間浸し、次いで、膜を除去し、濾紙を用いて両表面を拭き取り、過剰な液体電解質を除去し、2個のステンレス鋼電極に挟まれた膜を置き、次いで、Solartron 1470E Multistat(London Scientific、カナダ)を用い、電気化学インピーダンス分光法によって測定することによって結果を得た。振幅10mVで、周波数を0.1MHz〜10Hzに設定した。
3−膨潤は、液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)を用いて評価する。フィルムサンプルの寸法は、液体電解質に12時間浸す前および浸した後に測定した。軸方向の膨潤=(浸した後の厚さ−浸す前の厚さ)/浸す前の厚さ×100%。放射方向の膨潤=(浸した後の直径−浸す前の直径)/浸す前の直径×100%。
熱特性、機械特性、Liイオン伝導度、熱収縮および膨潤を含む評価のために、一般的な電解質系にさらしたら、溶融キャスト成形プロセスによってサンプルを押出成形し、厚さが1.0mil以下の薄いフィルムにする。比較例6である市販のCelgard(登録商標)3501も基準として試験する。以下の表4〜6には、試験結果をまとめている。
2−TgおよびTmは、示差走査熱量測定曲線から決定した。
3−突刺強度をFTMS 101Cの方法2065によって決定した。
4−機械特性をASTM D882にしたがって試験した。
5−TPUフィルムの初期の寸法を測定し、次いで、サンプルを減圧乾燥機内に90℃で1時間置くことによって熱収縮を決定した。次いで、最終的な寸法を測定し、寸法の変化から収縮を計算する。収縮(%)=(最終的な寸法−初期の寸法)/初期の寸法×100%。機械方向と横方向の両方について測定した。
*比較例6は、Celgard(登録商標)3501である。**Celgard(登録商標)3501のテクニカルデータシートからのデータ。
2−膨潤は、液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)を用いて評価する。フィルムサンプルの寸法は、液体電解質に12時間浸す前および浸した後にカリパスによって測定した。軸方向の膨潤=(浸した後の厚さ−浸す前の厚さ)/浸す前の厚さ×100%。放射方向の膨潤=(浸した後の直径−浸す前の直径)/浸す前の直径×100%。
3−電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中、1.2M LiTFSI)に12時間浸した後の膨潤したフィルムサンプルで、ASTM D882にしたがって機械特性を試験した。
コインセル(CR2016)は、2個の円形電極板、LiFePO4カソードおよびMCMBアノード、およびその間にあるセパレーター(Celgard(登録商標)3501またはTPUセパレーター)から作られる。Celgard(登録商標)3501の場合、多孔性フィルムを直接使用し、TPUセパレーターの場合、組み立て前にフィルムを電解質に12時間浸す。すべてのコインセルを、アルゴンを充填したグローブボックス中、酸素濃度0.1ppm未満、湿度0.1ppm未満で組み立てる。アノードおよびカソード積層体から電極板を打ち抜く。LiFePO4側がコインセルに向いた状態で、カソード板(1.4mm)をカソードケースの中央に配置する。セパレーター(Celgard(登録商標)3501の場合、1.6mm、およびTPUサンプルの場合、1.4mm(浸した後、直径は、1.9mm程度の大きさであってもよい)をカソードの上部に同心円状に置く。6滴の電解質をCelgard(登録商標)3501の表面に置き、TPUセパレーターの場合には、2滴の電解質を加える。MCMB側が下を向いた状態で、アノード板をセパレーター上部に置く。ステンレス鋼スペーサーをアノード上部に置き、次いで、ステンレス鋼バネ(Belleville Washers)を置く。次いで、このスタックをコインセルアノードケースで覆い、液圧圧着機(MTI Corporation)で、10MPaで組み立てる。EC/EMC(30/70)ブレンド中1.2MのLiTFSIを用い、電解質を調製する。
電解質の電気化学安定性(電位窓の観点で)は、作用電極および対電極の両方にPtを含み、参照電極としてLiを含む三電極系を用いるサイクリックボルタンメトリーによって行われる。走査速度は、50mV/sの一定速度に維持する。電解質溶液は、LiPF6またはLiTFSIを、濃度1.2MでECとEMCとのブレンド(重量で30:70)に溶解することによって調製される。
Liイオン伝導度、機械強度および熱収縮の試験のために、溶融キャスト成形プロセスによってサンプルを押出成形し、厚さが1〜2milの薄いフィルムにする。
2−TPUフィルムの初期の寸法を測定し、次いで、サンプルを減圧乾燥機内に90℃で1時間置くことによって熱収縮を決定した。次いで、最終的な寸法を測定し、寸法の変化から収縮を計算する。収縮(%)=(最終的な寸法−初期の寸法)/初期の寸法×100%。機械方向と横方向の両方について測定した。
実施例8のLiイオン伝導度を試験し、表11に列挙する。ナノフィラー含有量が増えるにつれて、アロイのLiイオン伝導度が顕著に大きくなった。
Liイオン電池を含む電気化学セル用途に本発明のTPU組成物が適していることを示すために、なおさらなる実施例を調製する。以下のTPU組成物を調製し、試験し、その硬度、Liイオン伝導度および膨潤特性を測定する。これらのさらなるサンプルの配合および結果を以下の表にまとめている。
2−Liイオン伝導度は、mS/cmであらわされる。上の表の値は、3個の別個の試験結果の平均である。試験対象の乾燥した膜(減圧乾燥機中、80℃で24時間保存)を液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)に12時間浸し、次いで、膜を除去し、濾紙を用いて両表面を拭き取り、過剰な液体電解質を除去し、2個のステンレス電極に挟まれた膜を置き、次いで、Solartron 1470E Multistat(London Scientific、カナダ)を用い、電気化学インピーダンス分光法によって測定することによって結果を得た。振幅10mVで、周波数を0.1MHz〜10Hzに設定した。
3−膨潤は、液体電解質(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートの30:70ブレンド中1.2M LiPF6)を用いて評価する。フィルムサンプルの寸法は、液体電解質に12時間浸す前および浸した後にカリパスによって測定した。軸方向の膨潤=(浸した後の厚さ−浸す前の厚さ)/浸す前の厚さ×100%。放射方向の膨潤=(浸した後の直径−浸す前の直径)/浸す前の直径×100%。
4−サンプル18および22は電解質系に溶解したため、膨潤測定を完了させることができなかった。
Claims (21)
- (i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られるポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物を含む膜であって、
(i)のポリエステルポリオール中間体が、少なくとも1つのジアルキレングリコールおよび少なくとも1つのジカルボン酸、またはそのエステルもしくは酸無水物から誘導された中間体を含む、膜。 - 成分(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ヒドロキノンビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)エーテルを含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記ジカルボン酸が、4〜15個の炭素原子を含み、前記ジアルキレングリコールが、2〜8個の脂肪族炭素原子を含む、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- (ii)の前記ジイソシアネートが、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート);ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート;3,3’−ジメチルビフェニル−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;m−キシリレンジイソシアネート;フェニレン−1,4−ジイソシアネート;ナフタレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート;ジフェニルメタン−3,3’−ジメトキシ−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;トルエンジイソシアネート;イソホロンジイソシアネート;1,4−シクロヘキシルジイソシアネート;デカン−1,10−ジイソシアネート;ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;またはこれらの組み合わせを含み;
(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ヒドロキノンビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル;エチレングリコール;ジエチレングリコール;プロピレングリコール;ジプロピレングリコール;1,4−ブタンジオール;1,6−ヘキサンジオール;1,3−ブタンジオール;1,5−ペンタンジオール;ネオペンチルグリコール;またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の膜。 - (i)の前記ポリエステルポリオール中間体が、ポリ(ジエチレングリコールアジペート)を含み;(ii)の前記ジイソシアネートが、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート)を含み;(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ブタンジオール、ベンゼングリコール、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 有効な量のリチウム含有塩をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 有機溶媒をさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 前記膜は、室温でSolartron分析システムを用いて測定した場合、Li+伝導度が1.0×10−4S/cmより大きい、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 前記膜が、
(i)重量平均分子量が少なくとも60,000;
(ii)融点が120℃より大きい;
(iii)ガラス転移温度が−10℃未満
のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の膜。 - (a)の前記ポリエステルポリオール成分が、ポリエーテルポリオールを実質的に含まない、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 少なくとも1つのベースポリマーをさらに含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 前記ベースポリマーが、ポリオレフィン;スチレン系樹脂;熱可塑性ポリウレタン、ポリアミド;アクリルポリマー;ポリ塩化ビニル;ポリフッ化ビニリデン;ポリエチレンオキシド;エチレンオキシド−プロピレンオキシドコポリマー;ポリアクリロニトリル;ポリオキシメチレン;ポリエステル;ポリカーボネート;ポリフェニレンオキシド;ポリフェニレンスルフィド;またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項11に記載の膜。
- 可塑剤、潤滑剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定化剤、加水分解安定化剤、酸捕捉剤、鉱物および/もしくは不活性フィラー、ナノフィラー、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせを含む少なくとも1つのさらなる添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 正極と、負極と、
(I)前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されるセパレーター膜と
を含む電気化学セルであって、
前記セパレーター膜が、(A)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物と、(B)電気化学的に活性な電解種とを含み、
前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物が、(i)少なくとも1つのポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)ポリオール中間体と、(ii)少なくとも1つのジイソシアネートおよび(iii)少なくとも1つの鎖延長剤とを反応させることによって作られ;(i)の前記ポリエステルポリオール中間体が、少なくとも1つのジアルキレングリコールおよび少なくとも1つのジカルボン酸、またはそのエステルもしくは酸無水物から誘導された中間体を含む、電気化学セル。 - 成分(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ヒドロキノンビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)エーテルを含む、請求項14に記載の電気化学セル。
- (ii)の前記ジイソシアネートが、4,4’−メチレンビス−(フェニルイソシアネート);ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート;3,3’−ジメチルビフェニル−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;m−キシリレンジイソシアネート;フェニレン−1,4−ジイソシアネート;ナフタレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート;ジフェニルメタン−3,3’−ジメトキシ−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;トルエンジイソシアネート;イソホロンジイソシアネート;1,4−シクロヘキシルジイソシアネート;デカン−1,10−ジイソシアネート;ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート;またはこれらの組み合わせを含み;
(iii)の前記鎖延長剤が、ヒドロキノンビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル;エチレングリコール;ジエチレングリコール;プロピレングリコール;ジプロピレングリコール;1,4−ブタンジオール;1,6−ヘキサンジオール;1,3−ブタンジオール;1,5−ペンタンジオール;ネオペンチルグリコール;またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項14に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記電解種が、アルカリ金属塩を含む液体電解質であり、前記電解質が、非プロトン性有機溶媒に溶解する、請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記アルカリ金属塩が、式M+X−を有する材料からなる群から選択され;
ここで、M+は、アルカリ金属カチオン、例えば、Li+、Na+、K+、またはこれらの組み合わせであり;
X−は、イオン、例えば、Cl−、Br−、I−、ClO4 −、BF4 −、PF6 −、AsF6 −、SbF6 −、CH3CO2 −、CF3SO3 −、(CH3SO2)2N−、(CF3SO2)3C−、B(C2O4)2 −、またはこれらの組み合わせであり;
前記非プロトン性有機溶媒は、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネート、ジメチルスルホキシド、アセトニトリル、ジメチルオキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の電気化学セル。 - (i)充電/放電サイクル寿命が500サイクルより大きい;
(ii)500サイクル後の充電/放電効率が90%より大きい;
(iii)操作窓が−10℃〜70℃
のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴を有する、請求項14〜18のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記電気化学セルが、
(II)前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されるポリマーゲル電解質系
をさらに含み、
ここで、前記ポリマー電解質が、(A)前記ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物と、(B)アルカリ金属塩と、(C)非プロトン性有機溶媒とを含む、請求項14〜19のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記正極および前記負極が、(a)ポリ(ジアルキレンエステル)熱可塑性ポリウレタン組成物と(b)カソード粉末またはアノード粉末との組成物を含む、請求項14〜19のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
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CA2853796A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
KR102065036B1 (ko) | 2020-03-02 |
EP2771380B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
TW201326242A (zh) | 2013-07-01 |
US20140287323A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
JP2016201375A (ja) | 2016-12-01 |
EP2771380A2 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
ES2703526T3 (es) | 2019-03-11 |
MX367885B (es) | 2019-08-27 |
KR20140085577A (ko) | 2014-07-07 |
WO2013062990A3 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
TWI634133B (zh) | 2018-09-01 |
MX2014004819A (es) | 2014-05-20 |
WO2013062990A2 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
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TR201820579T4 (tr) | 2019-01-21 |
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