JP2015227627A - Rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary machine capable of supporting a rotor blade to a rotor so as to resist centrifugal force while simplifying a plantation shape, and capable of reducing its weight and size.SOLUTION: A rotary machine 1 includes: a casing 2; a rotor 20 rotatably provided in the casing 2; a plurality of rotor blades 31 extending from the rotor 20 to radial outside, and arranged in a row manner in a circumferential direction; and a blade tip cover 35 formed into a ring shape with a fiber-reinforced composite material. The blade tip cover 35 covers and support a tip surface 31a of the rotor blade 31. A fiber 39 of the blade tip cover 35 extends in the circumferential direction.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a rotating machine.

  A rotor blade of a rotating machine such as a turbine, a compressor, or a fan is a part that converts fluid energy into rotational energy or converts rotational energy into fluid energy, and is an important part in the rotating machine.

  For example, a moving blade of a steam turbine is implanted and supported in a turbine rotor and rotates at a high speed of 1500 rpm to 6000 rpm. In order to support the rotating blade rotating at such a high speed against the turbine rotor against the centrifugal force, various shapes are adopted as the implantation shape. For example, a T-type implantation is adopted for a paragraph having a relatively short wing length and a small centrifugal force, and a Christmas tree type implantation, a side entry type implantation, a fork for a paragraph having a relatively long wing length and a large centrifugal force. Mold implantation and vertical implantation are adopted. An example of the saddle type implantation is shown in FIG.

  16 is provided with a hook portion 101, and a rotor disk 103 of the turbine rotor 102 is formed with a hook groove 104 having a shape that engages with the hook portion 101 of the implant portion 100. When the hook portion 101 is engaged with the hook groove 104, the rotor blade 105 is connected to the rotor disk 103 and assembled. While the turbine rotor 102 is rotating, the hook part 101 of the implantation part 100 is engaged with the hook groove 104 of the rotor disk 103, so that the rotor blade 105 is supported by the rotor disk 103 against the centrifugal force. The moving blade 105 is prevented from being detached from the turbine rotor 103 by centrifugal force. The blade tip cover 106 shown in FIG. 16 is provided for each moving blade 105, and the blade tip covers 106 adjacent to each other are connected.

  The rotor blades and the turbine rotor are made of steel material in consideration of the strength that can tolerate the centrifugal force as described above and the machinability of the hook portion and hook groove of the complicated-shaped implantation portion. Is common.

JP 2013-234588 A JP 2010-185367 A JP 2011-169231 A JP 2012-241670 A

  Among the above-mentioned implantation shapes, the Christmas tree type implantation, the side entry type implantation, and the saddle type implantation have a plurality of hook portions provided in a multi-stage shape so as to withstand a relatively large centrifugal force. The fork-type implant is configured to withstand a large centrifugal force by providing a plurality of holes and engaging a pin with each hole. For this reason, there is a problem that the implantation shapes of the Christmas tree type implantation, the side entry type implantation, the saddle type implantation, and the fork type implantation become complicated. In this case, the cutting process becomes complicated, and the processing cost and the processing man-hour (processing time) may increase. Similarly, the rotor disk of the turbine rotor is also provided with a plurality of hook grooves corresponding to a plurality of hook portions, or a plurality of holes for engaging pins. Processing can be complicated.

  Further, as described above, when the rotor blade and the turbine rotor are formed of a steel material in consideration of cutting workability, the mass thereof increases, and workability at the time of manufacture and transportation is reduced. This increase in mass hinders weight reduction in mobile machines such as aircraft. And when the above-mentioned several hook parts are provided in multiple steps, or when the hole for engaging a pin is provided in multiple numbers, the radial direction dimension of the implantation part, the circumferential direction dimension The axial dimension (dimension in the direction along the axis of the turbine rotor) is increased and the rotor blades are increased in size, which can increase the mass of the rotor blades and the turbine rotor and increase the size of the rotating machine. obtain.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and it is possible to support the rotor blade on the rotor against the centrifugal force while simplifying the implantation shape, and to reduce the weight and size. An object of the present invention is to provide a rotating machine that can be used.

  A rotating machine according to an embodiment includes a casing, a rotor rotatably provided in the casing, a plurality of moving blades extending radially outward from the rotor and arranged in a row in the circumferential direction, and a fiber-reinforced composite material. And a blade tip cover formed in a ring shape. The blade tip cover covers and supports the tip surface of the rotor blade. The fibers of the blade tip cover extend in the circumferential direction.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a steam turbine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing one turbine stage in the steam turbine of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a turbine stage cut along lines AA and BB in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view taken along line CC in FIG. FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing the rotor disk shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5B is a perspective view showing the blade tip cover shown in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 in the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 12 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the cross section taken along line FF in FIG. 3 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to a cross section taken along line FF in FIG. 3 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line HH in FIG. FIG. 16 is a partial perspective view similar to FIG. 4 in a general steam turbine.

  Hereinafter, a rotating machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a steam turbine will be described as an example of a rotating machine.

(First embodiment)
A steam turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the steam turbine 1 includes a casing 2 for sealing working steam, a turbine rotor 20 provided rotatably through the casing 2, and a plurality of motions provided in the turbine rotor 20. Blade cascade 30.

  The turbine rotor 20 includes a cylindrical (solid) rotor main body 21 and a plurality of rotor disks 22 that protrude radially outward from the rotor main body 21. Of these, the rotor body 21 is rotatably supported by the casing 2 via a rotor bearing (not shown). The rotor disks 22 are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction X.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a plurality of rotor blades 31 are arranged in a row in the circumferential direction on each rotor disk 22. These moving blades 31 constitute a moving blade cascade 30.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of diaphragm outer rings 3 are provided on the inner peripheral side of the casing 2. These diaphragm outer rings 3 are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction X. A diaphragm inner ring 4 is provided on the inner peripheral side of the diaphragm outer ring 3. Between each diaphragm outer ring | wheel 3 and the diaphragm inner ring | wheel 4 corresponding to this, the some stationary blade 5 is provided in the circumferential direction at the row form. These stationary blades 5 constitute a stationary blade cascade 6. In this way, a plurality of stationary blade cascades 6 are provided in the casing 2.

  A seal portion 7 is provided between the diaphragm inner ring 4 and the turbine rotor 20. The seal portion 7 prevents the steam from leaking into the space between the diaphragm inner ring 4 and the turbine rotor 20.

  The stationary blade cascade 6 is alternately arranged with the moving blade cascade 30 in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20. The turbine stage 10 is formed by a combination of one stationary blade cascade 6 and one moving blade cascade 30 arranged downstream of the one stationary blade cascade 6 (downstream in the main flow direction P of the working steam). It is configured. That is, the stationary blade cascade 6 constituting the same turbine stage 10 is arranged upstream of the moving blade cascade 30. A plurality of such turbine stages 10 are provided in the casing 2.

  A steam inlet pipe 8 is connected to the casing 2. The steam inlet pipe 8 is for guiding working steam generated in a boiler (not shown) into the casing 2.

  An exhaust diffuser (exhaust flow path) (not shown) is provided on the downstream side of the final (most downstream) turbine stage 10. The exhaust diffuser is for recovering the static pressure of the working steam that has passed through the turbine stage 10. The working steam that has passed through the exhaust diffuser is supplied to a condenser (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 1, a ground seal portion 9 is provided in a portion of the casing 2 through which the turbine rotor 20 passes. The ground seal portions 9 are arranged on both sides of the plurality of turbine stages 10. That is, the gland seal portion 9 is located on the upstream side in the mainstream direction (left side in FIG. 1) with respect to the most upstream first turbine stage 10 and on the downstream side in the mainstream direction (right side in FIG. 1) with respect to the final turbine stage 10. (The latter gland seal is not shown). The ground seal portion 9 prevents working steam in the casing 2 from leaking to the outside of the casing 2 and prevents air outside the casing 2 from flowing into the casing 2.

  A generator (not shown) is connected to one end of the turbine rotor 20. As the turbine rotor 20 rotates, power is generated in the generator.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the tip surface 31 a (radially outer surface) of the rotor blade 31 is covered and supported by a blade tip cover 35 formed in a ring shape. Thus, the moving blade 31 can be supported by the blade tip cover 35 and restrained in the radial direction. In this case, it is preferable that the tip surface 31 a of the moving blade 31 is fitted to the inner peripheral surface 35 a of the blade tip cover 35, and further, the tip surface 31 a of the moving blade 31 is fitted to the blade tip cover 35. It is preferable to have substantially the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface 35a.

  The blade tip cover 35 is fastened (coupled) to the rotor blade 31 by a plurality of cover bolts 36 (cover coupling members). The cover bolt 36 is inserted from the radially outer side toward the inner side. That is, the cover bolt 36 is screwed from the blade tip cover 35 to the rotor blade 31 from the radially outer side to the inner side. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), a screw hole 37 is provided in the tip surface 31a of the rotor blade 31, and as shown in FIG. 5 (b), a cover bolt is provided in the blade tip cover 35. A through hole 38 through which 36 passes is provided. In this manner, the cover bolt 36 can be screwed into the screw hole 37 of the rotor blade 31 through the through hole 38 of the blade tip cover 35.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a concave planted portion 23 in which the moving blade 31 is implanted is provided on the outer peripheral surface 22 a of the rotor disk 22 of the turbine rotor 20. In this Embodiment, the to-be-implanted part 23 has the airfoil shape similar to the airfoil shape of the cross section of the moving blade 31, as shown to Fig.5 (a). That is, the to-be-implanted part 23 is formed in an airfoil shape when viewed in the radial direction (longitudinal direction of the moving blade 31). The implanted portion 23 has an airfoil shape in which the implanted portion 33 of the moving blade 31 can be inserted radially inward.

  Specifically, the moving blade 31 includes a moving blade main body 32 (moving blade effective portion), an implanted portion 33 provided at a proximal end portion of the moving blade main body 32 and implanted in the implanted portion 23, have. Of these, the rotor blade main body 32 is a portion that is disposed in the steam flow path through which the working steam flows and receives the pressure of the working steam. The implanted portion 33 has a shape obtained by extending the moving blade body 32 inward in the radial direction. That is, the implantation part 33 is formed in an airfoil shape when viewed in the radial direction (longitudinal direction of the moving blade 31). The implanted portion 23 having the airfoil shape as described above is adapted to fit the implanted portion 33 of the moving blade 31.

  By forming the implanted portion 33 of the moving blade 31 and the implanted portion 23 of the rotor disk 22 in this way, the moving blade 31 is inserted into the implanted portion 23 in a direction toward the radially inner side, The implanted part 33 of the wing 31 can be implanted in the implanted part 23. In this case, the moving blade 31 can be restrained with respect to the rotor disk 22 in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the turbine rotor 20.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the blade tip cover 35 is formed in a ring shape from a fiber-reinforced composite material. The fibers 39 of the blade tip cover 35 extend in the circumferential direction. For example, the fibers 39 of the blade tip cover 35 are continuous in a ring shape, or the fibers 39 extending in the circumferential direction are connected to such an extent that they can be considered to be continuous in a ring shape. Is preferred.

  In the present embodiment, the fiber reinforced composite material is made of fiber reinforced plastic. Here, the fiber reinforced plastic is a material whose strength is improved by putting fibers such as carbon fiber or glass fiber into the plastic, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) or glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP). It is. Compared with metal materials such as steel generally used for the moving blade 31 and the blade tip cover 35, the fiber reinforced plastic has a feature that the specific strength can be increased. Depending on the type of fiber reinforced plastic, for example, it can have the same strength or twice the tensile strength compared to steel.

  The specific gravity of the fiber reinforced plastic is about 1/4 to about 1/5 that of a metal material generally used for the turbine rotor 20. For this reason, when the blade tip cover 35 is formed of fiber-reinforced plastic, the mass of the blade tip cover 35 can be significantly reduced. In this case, the centrifugal force generated in the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced.

  Such a blade tip cover 35 can be manufactured using various methods. For example, a prepreg in which a sheet (prepreg) in which a plastic material is impregnated in a bundle of fibers is laminated in a ring-shaped mold (plastic mold, metal mold, CFRP mold, etc.) and cured by heating and pressing in an autoclave. A filament winding method in which a fiber impregnated with a plastic material is wound around a roll-shaped mold and cured; an RTM method in which the fiber 39 is set in a ring-shaped mold and the plastic material is injected and heat-cured; You can, but you are not limited to this.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

  During operation of the steam turbine 1, as shown in FIG. 1, working steam generated in a boiler (not shown) flows into the casing 2 of the steam turbine 1 through the steam inlet pipe 8.

  The inflowing working steam performs expansion work through a plurality of turbine stages 10 each constituted by the stationary blade cascade 6 and the moving blade cascade 30. As a result, the turbine rotor 20 rotates, the rotational torque of the turbine rotor 20 is transmitted to the generator, and power generation is performed.

  While the turbine rotor 20 is rotating, as shown in FIG. 6, a centrifugal force 40 is generated in each rotor blade 31 of the rotor blade cascade 30. The generated centrifugal force 40 acts on the blade tip cover 35 as a load directed radially outward. Also, centrifugal force is generated in the blade tip cover 35 itself. As a result, the tensile load 41 acts on the blade tip cover 35 in the circumferential direction in the same manner as the circumferential tensile stress acts on the cylindrical container receiving the internal pressure.

  However, the blade tip cover 35 in the present embodiment is made of fiber reinforced plastic, and the fibers 39 extend in the circumferential direction. Thus, the blade tip cover 35 can have strength against the tensile load 41. For this reason, the blade tip cover 35 can tolerate the tensile load 41 and can effectively support the moving blade 31. That is, the moving blade 31 can be prevented from coming out of the implanted portion 23 radially outward by the centrifugal force 40.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the tip surface 31a of the moving blade 31 is covered and supported by the blade tip cover 35, the blade tip cover 35 is formed of fiber reinforced plastic, and the fiber 39 is in the circumferential direction. It extends to. As a result, the rotor blades 31 can be supported by the turbine rotor 20 against the centrifugal force. For this reason, the blade tip cover 35 can prevent the moving blade 31 from coming out radially outward from the rotor disk 22 of the turbine rotor 20, and the implanted shape of the moving blade 31 can be simplified. For example, it is possible to simplify the implantation shape by omitting the hook portion 101 and the hook groove 104 as shown in FIG. 16 or reducing the number of steps. For this reason, processing of the moving blade 31 and the turbine rotor 20 can be simplified, and processing costs and processing man-hours can be reduced.

  Moreover, according to this Embodiment, since an implantation shape can be simplified as mentioned above, the radial direction dimension and circumferential direction dimension of the implantation part 33 of the moving blade 31 can be reduced. Thereby, the diameter of the turbine rotor 20 can be reduced, and the radial dimension of the steam turbine 1 can be reduced. Furthermore, the simplification of the implantation shape can also reduce the dimension in the axial direction X of the implantation part 33, reduce the dimension between the turbine stages 10, and reduce the dimension in the axial direction X of the steam turbine 1. can do. As a result, the steam turbine 1 can be reduced in weight and size.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, since the blade tip cover 35 is formed of fiber reinforced plastic, the mass of the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced. For this reason, the centrifugal force generated in the blade tip cover 35 itself can be reduced, and the circumferential load 41 acting on the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the recessed implanted portion 23 in which the moving blade 31 is implanted is provided on the outer peripheral surface 22 a of the rotor disk 22, and the implanted portion 23 is the moving blade 31. It has a shape that can be inserted inward in the radial direction. Accordingly, the hook groove 104 as shown in FIG. 16 can be omitted, and the shape of the implanted portion 23 can be simplified. For this reason, the processing of the turbine rotor 20 can be simplified, and the processing cost and the number of processing steps can be reduced. Moreover, since the shape of the to-be-implanted part 23 can be simplified, it becomes possible to form the turbine rotor 20 with a fiber reinforced plastic. That is, when the turbine rotor 20 has a complicated shape, it becomes difficult to form the turbine rotor 20 from fiber-reinforced plastic because fiber orientation becomes difficult. When simplified, it can be formed from fiber reinforced plastic. In this case, the turbine rotor 20 can be significantly reduced in weight, the handling can be improved in manufacturing, transportation, operation and the like, the cost can be reduced, and the merit such as the performance improvement can be obtained.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the implanted portion 33 provided at the proximal end portion of the moving blade body 32 has a shape obtained by extending the moving blade body 32. Accordingly, the shape of the moving blade 31 can be simplified, and the moving blade 31 can be formed into a shape that can be inserted into the implanted portion 23. Moreover, since the shape of the moving blade 31 can be simplified, the moving blade 31 can be formed of fiber-reinforced plastic. In this case, the centrifugal force generated in the moving blade 31 can be reduced, and the moving blade 31 can be further prevented from coming out of the rotor disk 22.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the blade tip cover 35 is fastened to the rotor blade 31 by the cover bolt 36. As a result, the blade tip cover 35 and the moving blade 31 can be restrained in the axial direction X, and the blade tip cover 35 can be prevented from shifting in the axial direction X with respect to the moving blade 31. Therefore, the tip surface 31a of the moving blade 31 is more reliably covered by the blade tip cover 35, and the moving blade 31 can be more reliably supported by the blade tip cover 35. It is possible to further prevent the slipping out from the radial direction from 22. The cover bolt 36 is screwed from the blade tip cover 35 to the rotor blade 31 inward in the radial direction. Accordingly, the cover bolt 36 can be screwed from the outer peripheral side of the blade tip cover 35 having a relatively space, and the assembling workability can be improved.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the cover coupling member is configured by the cover bolt 36 and the blade tip cover 35 is coupled to the moving blade 31 by the cover bolt 36 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the cover coupling member may be constituted by pins (not shown). In other words, the blade 31 and the blade tip cover 35 can be constrained in the axial direction X by inserting the pin inwardly from the outside in the radial direction and coupling the blade tip cover 35 to the blade 31. Further, the blade tip cover 35 may be bonded to the blade 31 with an adhesive. The adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has resistance to the high operating temperature of operating steam and high humidity of operating steam and has adhesiveness to the material of the moving blade 31 and the blade tip cover 35. For example, a thermosetting adhesive such as an epoxy resin type or a polyimide resin type can be suitably used.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the rotating machine in the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The second embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is mainly different in that the implanted portion of the moving blade is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. It is almost the same as the form. In FIG. 7, the same parts as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the implanted portion 33 of the rotor blade 31 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape (or a cubic shape). More specifically, the implanted portion 33 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed in the radial direction (longitudinal direction of the moving blade 31). In this case, the to-be-implanted part 23 is a rectangular parallelepiped shape similar to the implant part 33, and has the shape which the implant part 33 can insert toward a radial inside.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the implanted portion 33 of the moving blade 31 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the implanted shape of the moving blade 31 can be further simplified, and the processing is simplified. As a result, the processing cost and the number of processing steps can be further reduced. Also in this case, the moving blade 31 can be restrained in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the turbine rotor 20 with respect to the rotor disk 22.

  In addition, in this Embodiment mentioned above, the implantation part 33 of the moving blade 31 demonstrated the example formed in the rectangular parallelepiped shape. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the implanted portion 33 may have a cylindrical shape, an elliptical column shape, a triangular prism shape, a triangular shape as long as the implanted portion 33 has a shape that can be inserted radially inward into the implanted portion 23. An arbitrary shape such as a cone shape can be used.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a rotating machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The third embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is mainly different in that an adhesive is interposed between the implanted portion of the rotor disk and the moving blade, and other configurations are the same as those in FIGS. This is substantially the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the same parts as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, an adhesive 50 is interposed between the implanted portion 23 of the rotor disk 22 and the implanted portion 33 of the rotor blade 31. Such an adhesive 50 is particularly limited as long as it has resistance to the high operating temperature of the working steam and high humidity of the working steam and has adhesiveness to the material of the rotor blades 31 and the rotor disk 22. However, for example, a thermosetting adhesive such as an epoxy resin type or a polyimide resin type can be suitably used.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the adhesive 50 is interposed between the implanted portion 23 of the rotor disk 22 and the moving blade 31, the implanted portion 23 and the moving blade 31 are connected to each other. Can be joined. For this reason, a part of the centrifugal force generated in the moving blade 31 can be borne by the adhesive 50, and the load on the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced. In this case, for example, the thickness of the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced to reduce the weight of the blade tip cover 35. Alternatively, the load due to the allowable centrifugal force can be increased by the blade tip cover 35 and the adhesive 50, and the moving blade 31 can be elongated.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a rotary machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

  The fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is mainly different in that the rotor blades are held on the rotor disk by pins penetrating the rotor disk, and other configurations are shown in FIGS. This is substantially the same as the first embodiment shown. 9 and 10, the same parts as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the pin 60 passes through the rotor disk 22 and the implanted portion 33 of the rotor blade 31. The pin 60 extends in the thickness direction of the rotor disk 22 (the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20). The rotor blades 31 implanted in the implanted portion 23 are held by the rotor disk 22 by the pins 60.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the moving blade 31 implanted in the planted portion 23 is held by the pin 60 on the rotor disk 22, so that the centrifugal force generated in the moving blade 31 is reduced. The load on the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced by causing the pin 60 to bear the portion. In this case, for example, the thickness of the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced to reduce the weight of the blade tip cover 35. Alternatively, the load due to the allowable centrifugal force can be increased by the blade tip cover 35 and the pin 60, and the moving blade 31 can be elongated.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a rotating machine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is mainly different in that a hook groove is provided in the implanted portion and a hook portion that engages with the hook groove is provided in the implanted portion of the moving blade. Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. In FIG. 11, the same parts as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 11, a hook groove 71 is provided in the implanted portion 23 of the rotor disk 22. The implanted portion 33 of the rotor blade 31 is provided with a hook portion 70 that engages with the hook groove 71. In the form shown in FIG. 11, the hook portion 70 and the hook groove 71 have a one-stage configuration, and the implantation portion 33 is formed in a T shape. More specifically, FIG. 11 shows an implanted portion 33 formed in an inverted T shape.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, by engaging the hook portion 70 of the implanted portion 33 with the hook groove 71 of the implanted portion 23, part of the centrifugal force generated in the moving blade 31 is hooked. It is possible to reduce the load on the blade tip cover 35 by causing the load to 70. In this case, for example, the thickness of the blade tip cover 35 can be reduced to reduce the weight of the blade tip cover 35. Alternatively, the load due to the allowable centrifugal force can be increased by the blade tip cover 35 and the hook portion 70, and the moving blade 31 can be elongated.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the blade tip cover 35 can support the rotor blade 31 against the turbine rotor 20 against the centrifugal force, so that the number of steps of the hook portion 70 can be reduced. The implantation shape of the wing 31 can be simplified. In particular, as shown in FIG. 11, when the implanted portion 33 is formed in a T shape, the number of steps of the hook portion 70 can be reduced to one, and the implanted shape of the moving blade 31 can be simplified. Can do. Further, not only the number of steps of the hook part 70 is reduced, but also the size of the hook part 70 can be reduced, and the radial dimension, the circumferential dimension, and the axial direction X dimension of the implantation part 33 can be reduced.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a rotary machine according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.

  In the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the protrusion provided on the tip surface of the rotor blade is fitted in the recess provided on the inner peripheral surface of the blade tip cover, and the protrusion is against the protrusion. The main difference is that a pair of stopper parts abut from both sides in the axial direction, one stopper part is formed integrally with the wing tip cover, and the other stopper part is coupled to the wing tip cover. These are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the same parts as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 12, a recess 80 extending in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20 is provided on the inner peripheral surface 35 a of the blade tip cover 35. The cross section of the recess 80 is preferably formed in a rectangular shape. A protrusion 81 that fits into the recess 80 is provided on the tip surface 31 a of the moving blade 31.

  The recess 80 of the blade tip cover 35 is provided with a pair of stopper portions (a first stopper portion 82 and a second stopper portion 83) that come into contact with the moving blade 31 from both sides in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20. . Among these, the 1st stopper part 82 is arrange | positioned in the upstream of the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31, and the 2nd stopper part 83 is arrange | positioned in the downstream. The blade tip cover 35 is restrained in the axial direction with respect to the rotor blade 31 by these stopper portions 82 and 83.

  In the present embodiment, the first stopper portion 82 on the upstream side is formed integrally with the blade tip cover 35. That is, the recess 80 is formed so as to penetrate the downstream end surface of the blade tip cover 35 but not the upstream end surface. 12 and 13, the downstream second stopper portion 83 is fastened (coupled) to the blade tip cover 35 by a stopper bolt 84 (a stopper coupling member). The stopper bolt 84 is inserted from the radially inner side toward the outer side. More specifically, the stopper bolt 84 is screwed from the second stopper portion 83 to the blade tip cover 35 from the radially inner side to the outer side. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the downstream side portion of the rotor blade main body 32 is formed so as to face (deviate) in the circumferential direction. Therefore, a part of the second stopper portion 83 is part of the rotor blade main body. 32 is exposed without being covered. A stopper bolt 84 is screwed into the exposed portion.

  When attaching the blade tip cover 35 to the rotor blade 31, after the rotor blade 31 is implanted in the rotor disk 22, the protrusion 81 of the rotor blade 31 is inserted into the recess 80 of the blade tip cover 35. At this time, the blade tip cover 35 is slid on the tip surface 31 a of the moving blade 31 in the direction from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the protrusion 81 is brought into contact with the first stopper portion 82. Thereafter, the second stopper portion 83 is inserted into the recess 80, brought into contact with the protrusion 81, and fastened to the blade tip cover 35 by the stopper bolt 84. In this way, the blade tip cover 35 is restrained with respect to the rotor blade 31 in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor 20.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the protrusion provided on the tip surface 31a of the rotor blade 31 is provided in the recess 80 provided on the inner peripheral surface 35a of the blade tip cover 35 and extending in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20. The part 81 is fitted. Thus, the blade tip cover 35 can be restrained in the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor 20 with respect to the moving blade 31. For this reason, positioning and attachment of the blade tip cover 35 to the rotor blade 31 can be facilitated, and assembly workability can be improved.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the pair of stopper portions 82, 83 provided in the concave portion 80 of the blade tip cover 35 is formed from both sides in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20 with respect to the protrusion 81 of the rotor blade 31. It is in contact. Thus, the blade tip cover 35 can be restrained in the axial direction with respect to the moving blade 31.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the second stopper portion 83 on the downstream side of the pair of stopper portions is a stopper bolt 84 screwed in the radially outward direction from the second stopper portion 83 to the blade tip cover 35. It is concluded by In this case, even if a centrifugal force is generated in the stopper bolt 84 itself, the head of the stopper bolt 84 is supported by the blade tip cover 35 and the second stopper portion 83, and the centrifugal force is supported by the blade tip cover 35. Can support. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the stopper bolt 84 from coming off due to centrifugal force and scattering.

  In the present embodiment described above, the first stopper portion 82 on the upstream side is formed integrally with the blade tip cover 35, and the second stopper portion 83 on the downstream side is attached to the blade tip cover 35 by the stopper bolt 84. The example of being fastened has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and if the stopper bolt 84 can be screwed into the blade tip cover 35 from the radially inner side to the outer side, the second stopper portion 83 is located upstream of the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31. The first stopper portion 82 may be disposed on the downstream side. Further, both the upstream and downstream stopper portions of the protrusion 81 are fastened to the blade tip cover 35 by the stopper bolts 84 as in the second stopper portion 83 described above, that is, the first stopper portion 82 and the first stopper portion 82. The two stopper portions 83 may be formed separately from the blade tip cover 35.

  Further, in the present embodiment described above, the stopper coupling member is constituted by the stopper bolt 84, and the second stopper portion 83 on the downstream side is fastened to the blade tip cover 35 by the stopper bolt 84. Explained. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the stopper coupling member may be constituted by a pin (not shown). That is, by inserting the pin from the radially inner side to the outer side with the pilot hole of the pin as a blind hole and coupling the second stopper portion 83 to the blade tip cover 35, the rotor blade 31 and the blade tip cover 35 are axially connected to each other. It can be constrained in the direction X. Even in this case, the centrifugal force can be supported by the blade tip cover 35, and the stopper bolt 84 can be prevented from coming off and scattering due to the centrifugal force. Further, the second stopper portion 83 may be bonded to the blade tip cover 35 with an adhesive. The adhesive is particularly limited as long as it has resistance to the high operating temperature of the working steam and high humidity of the working steam and has adhesiveness to the material of the blade tip cover 35 and the second stopper portion 83. However, for example, a thermosetting adhesive such as an epoxy resin type or a polyimide resin type can be suitably used.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a rotary machine according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.

  In the seventh embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the stopper portion comes into contact with the protruding portion of the moving blade from one side in the axial direction, and the stopper portion is coupled to the protruding portion of the moving blade. The other differences are mainly the same as in the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. 14 and 15, the same parts as those in the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the recess 80 of the blade tip cover 35 is provided with one stopper portion 85 formed integrally with the blade tip cover 35. That is, in the present embodiment, the stopper portion 85 is provided on the upstream side of the protruding portion 81 of the rotor blade 31, and the stopper portion 85 is not provided on the downstream side. The stopper portion 85 is in contact with the protrusion 81 of the rotor blade 31 from the upstream side in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20.

  14 and 15, the stopper portion 85 is fastened (coupled) to the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31 by a stopper bolt 86 (stopper fastening member). The longitudinal direction of the stopper bolt 86 is directed in the axial direction X. More specifically, the stopper bolt 86 is screwed into the protrusion 81 from the stopper portion 85 along the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20.

  When attaching the blade tip cover 35 to the rotor blade 31, after the rotor blade 31 is implanted in the rotor disk 22, the protrusion 81 of the rotor blade 31 is inserted into the recess 80 of the blade tip cover 35. At this time, the blade tip cover 35 is slid on the tip surface 31 a of the moving blade 31 in the direction from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the protrusion 81 is brought into contact with the stopper portion 85. Thereafter, the stopper portion 85 is fastened to the protrusion 81 by the stopper bolt 86. In this way, the blade tip cover 35 is restrained with respect to the rotor blade 31 in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor 20.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the stopper portion 85 formed integrally with the blade tip cover 35 is protruded from the rotor blade 31 by the stopper bolt 86 screwed along the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20. 81 is fastened. In this case, even if the centrifugal force is generated in the stopper bolt 86 itself, the stopper bolt 86 is screwed in the axial direction X, so that the stopper bolt 86 can be prevented from being scattered and scattered by the centrifugal force. . Further, since the stopper bolt 86 is screwed in the axial direction X from the stopper portion 85 to the protrusion 81, the stopper bolt 86 can be screwed from the upstream side of the moving blade 31 having a relatively space, and assembly workability is improved. Can be improved.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the stopper portion 85 is provided on the upstream side of the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the stopper portion 85 may be provided on the downstream side of the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31.

  Further, in the present embodiment described above, an example in which the stopper coupling member is configured by the stopper bolt 86 and the stopper portion 85 is fastened to the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31 by the stopper bolt 86 will be described. did. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the stopper coupling member may be constituted by a pin (not shown). That is, the rotor blade 31 and the blade tip cover 35 are constrained in the axial direction X by connecting the stopper portion 85 to the protrusion 81 of the moving blade 31 with the longitudinal direction of the pin directed in the axial direction X of the turbine rotor 20. can do. Even in this case, since the longitudinal direction of the pin is directed to the axial direction X, the pin can be prevented from coming off due to centrifugal force and scattering. Furthermore, the stopper portion 85 may be bonded to the protrusion 81 with an adhesive. The adhesive is particularly limited as long as it has resistance to the high operating temperature of the working steam and high humidity of the working steam, and has adhesiveness to the material of the projection 81 of the blade tip cover 35 and the blade 31. However, for example, a thermosetting adhesive such as an epoxy resin type or a polyimide resin type can be suitably used.

    According to the embodiment described above, the moving blade 31 can be supported on the turbine rotor 20 against the centrifugal force while simplifying the implantation shape, and the weight and size can be reduced.

    Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof. Moreover, as a matter of course, these embodiments can be partially combined as appropriate within the scope of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the fiber reinforced composite material forming the blade tip cover 35 is made of fiber reinforced plastic has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the fiber reinforced composite material may be made of fiber reinforced ceramics, fiber reinforced metal, or the like. Even in this case, the blade tip cover 35 can prevent the moving blade 31 from slipping out of the rotor disk 22 of the turbine rotor 20 in the radial direction, thereby simplifying the implanted shape of the moving blade 31.

  Moreover, in embodiment mentioned above, the steam turbine 1 was mentioned as an example and demonstrated as a rotary machine. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is also applied to other rotary machines, for example, a gas turbine, a compressor, a fan, or the like in which a moving blade is implanted in a rotor as in the steam turbine 1. It is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steam turbine 2 Casing 20 Turbine rotor 21 Rotor main body 22 Rotor disc 23 Implanted part 31 Moving blade 31a Tip surface 32 Moving blade main body 33 Implanted part 35 Blade tip cover 35a Inner peripheral surface 36 Cover bolt 39 Fiber 50 Adhesive 60 pin 70 hook part 71 hook groove 80 recessed part 81 projecting part 82 first stopper part 83 second stopper part 84 stopper bolt 85 stopper part 86 cover bolt

Claims (11)

A casing,
A rotor rotatably provided in the casing;
A plurality of rotor blades extending radially outward from the rotor and arranged in a row in the circumferential direction;
A blade tip cover that is formed in a ring shape from a fiber reinforced composite material and covers and supports the tip surface of the rotor blade,
The rotary machine is characterized in that the fibers of the blade tip cover extend in the circumferential direction. The rotor is provided with a recessed implanted portion in which the moving blade is implanted,
The moving blade has a moving blade main body, and an implanted portion that is provided on the radially inner side of the moving blade main body and is implanted in the implanted portion,
The rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the implanted part has a shape in which the implanted part can be inserted inward in the radial direction.   The rotary machine according to claim 2, wherein the implantation part has an airfoil shape obtained by extending the moving blade main body.   The rotary machine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein an adhesive is interposed between the implanted portion and the implanted portion. The rotor includes a rotor disk that is provided with the implanted portion and protrudes radially outward,
The rotation according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a pin that passes through the implanted portion of the rotor disk and the rotor blade and holds the rotor blade on the rotor disk. machine. The rotor is provided with an implanted portion in which the moving blade is implanted,
The moving blade has an implanted portion implanted in the implanted portion,
A hook groove is provided in the planted part,
The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein a hook portion that engages with the hook groove is provided in the implantation portion. A concave portion extending in the axial direction of the rotor is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the blade tip cover,
The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a protrusion that fits into the recess is provided on the tip surface of the rotor blade.   The rotary machine according to claim 7, wherein the concave portion is provided with a pair of stopper portions that come into contact with the protrusion from both sides in the axial direction of the rotor. One of the pair of stopper portions is integrally formed with the blade tip cover, and the other stopper portion is coupled to the blade tip cover by a stopper coupling member,
The rotary machine according to claim 8, wherein the stopper coupling member is inserted from the inner side toward the outer side in the radial direction. The recess is provided with a stopper portion formed integrally with the blade tip cover,
The stopper portion abuts against the protrusion from one side in the axial direction of the rotor and is coupled to the protrusion by a stopper coupling member.
The rotary machine according to claim 7, wherein a longitudinal direction of the stopper coupling member is directed to an axial direction of the rotor.   The rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the fiber-reinforced composite material is made of a fiber-reinforced composite plastic.

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