JP2015034367A - Temperature control fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a temperature adjustment fiber for preventing sudden temperature change of fiber structure due to environment temperature change.SOLUTION: The composite fiber is characterized in that a core 2 component is formed of crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 20-50°C and a thermoplastic copolymer, the α-olefin is contained by 1.0-30.0 wt.%, the thermoplastic copolymer is contained by 99.0-70.0 wt.%, and the composite fiber is a core-sheath composite fiber. In addition, projections are formed on an interface 4 of the core 2 component and a sheath 1 component, and the number of the projections is four or more.

Description

  The present invention relates to a temperature control fiber that prevents a rapid temperature change of a fiber structure due to a change in environmental temperature.

  Textile products that touch the skin such as sanitary materials and clothing used in environments with significant temperature changes are affected by the outside air temperature, and the temperature of the textile products rises when the outside temperature is high, and the textile products when the outside temperature is low. It is regarded as a problem that the temperature of Therefore, in order to prevent a rapid temperature change of the textile product, development of a temperature control fiber is being promoted. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes that a heat storage material in which a heat storage material is sealed in a microcapsule is enclosed in a hollow fiber or applied to a polymer material. Patent Document 2 proposes a composite fiber having a core obtained by mixing a paraffin wax composition with a thermoplastic polymer. Patent Document 3 proposes a composite fiber that can be made cheaper by including hydrotalcite in a polyolefin having a temperature control function of a core component, thereby improving processability during yarn production and fabric processing.

  However, in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to reduce the particle size of the microcapsules, and the microcapsules are easily destroyed by the temperature and shearing in the extruder during melt spinning, and fiberization by kneading is difficult. In addition, the microcapsules themselves are expensive and expensive. In Patent Document 2, since the paraffin wax to be used is heated to become a low-viscosity liquid, there is a problem that it is easily scattered during fiber production. In addition, the fiber surface bleeds out to cause stickiness, the fabric processability is poor, and the resulting fabric has a poor texture. In patent document 3, there existed a problem that the temperature control function fall by insufficient heat transfer in a core-sheath interface, and the dyeing | staining nonuniformity by peeling at a core-sheath interface generate | occur | produced.

JP 58-55699 A JP 2004-11032 A Japanese Patent No. 4996688

  The present invention solves such problems in the prior art. Specifically, the present invention provides a temperature control fiber having a high temperature control function, good processability at the time of fiber production and fabric processing, and capable of being manufactured at a low cost, its manufacturing method, and a fiber structure using the same. It is.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have incorporated a crystalline α-olefin having a temperature adjusting function and a melting point of 20 to 50 ° C. into the core component, and further at the interface between the core component and the sheath component. By forming the protrusion, the contact area is increased, the sheath component can efficiently transfer the heat received from the outside to the core component, and has a high temperature control function, and the present invention has been completed. It was. Moreover, it discovered that it was connected with suppression of the dyeing | staining unevenness by peeling by the core-sheath interface by setting it as the composite fiber which has the said structure.

  That is, the present invention is a core component composed of a crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 20 to 50 ° C. and a thermoplastic polymer, 1.0 to 30.0 wt% of the α-olefin, and 99.99% of the thermoplastic polymer. It is a core-sheath type composite fiber having a core component having a composition of 0 to 70.0 wt%, and has protrusions at the interface between the core component and the sheath component, and the number of protrusions is 4 or more. It is a characteristic composite fiber.

The composite fiber is characterized in that the ratio of the outer peripheral length (L2) of the core component to the outer peripheral length (L1) of the sheath component satisfies the following formula (1).
L2 / L1 ≧ 1.0 (1)

  Also preferably, the composite fiber has a mass composite ratio of the core component and the sheath component of 10:90 to 50:50.

  Furthermore, this invention relates to the fiber structure characterized by containing said composite fiber 30 wt% or more.

  According to the present invention, the sheath component is received from the outside by adding crystalline α-olefin having a temperature control function to the core component, and further forming a protrusion at the interface between the core component and the sheath component to increase the contact area. A composite fiber having a high temperature control function that efficiently transfers the heat to the core component is obtained.

  Furthermore, the composite fiber obtained in the present invention can prevent uneven dyeing in order to prevent core-sheath interface peeling during yarn production and processing.

It is a schematic diagram of one Embodiment regarding the cross section of the conjugate fiber of this invention.

The core component of the conjugate fiber of the present invention is composed of a thermoplastic polymer containing a crystalline α-olefin having a temperature adjusting function. Hereinafter, a crystalline α-olefin having a temperature adjusting function may be simply abbreviated as “temperature adjusting agent”, and a thermoplastic polymer containing the temperature adjusting agent and constituting the core component may be simply abbreviated as “core component polymer”.
Polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, etc. can be used for the core component polymer. Of these, polypropylene or polyethylene is preferred because it can be highly filled with a temperature adjusting agent, is inexpensive and has high versatility.

  It is important that the temperature adjusting agent of the present invention is a crystalline α-olefin having a melting point in the range of 20 to 50 ° C. By having a melting point in the range of 20 to 50 ° C., a phase change of crystalline α-olefin occurs due to the transfer of heat from the outside, and the skin is temporarily stored by heat absorption in the core component by endothermic reaction. In addition, it is possible to prevent direct conduction of heat, and when releasing the thermal energy stored by recrystallization, it has a sustained release property and releases the thermal energy relatively slowly. Temperature change can be prevented. Preferably, it is a crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 26 to 50 ° C., more preferably 30 to 50 ° C.

  In the core component of the composite fiber of the present invention, it is important that the temperature adjusting agent is 1.0 to 30.0 wt% and the core component polymer is 99.0 to 70.0 wt%. When the content of the temperature adjusting agent is less than 1.0 wt%, the temperature adjusting function cannot be sufficiently secured, and when it exceeds 30.0 wt%, the fiber strength and spinnability are lowered. Preferably, the temperature adjusting agent is 5.0 to 20.0 wt%, and the core component polymer is 95.0 to 80.0 wt%.

  In the conjugate fiber of the present invention, protrusions are formed at the interface between the core component and the sheath component, and it is important that the number of protrusions is four or more. By forming four or more protrusions on the core-sheath interface, the contact area between the core component and the sheath component can be increased, heat energy is efficiently transferred from the sheath component to the core component, and a high temperature control function is achieved. The number of protrusions is preferably 10 or more. When the number of protrusions is less than 4, it is not preferable because a sufficient contact area cannot be obtained and core-sheath interface peeling occurs and the efficiency of heat energy transfer decreases.

Moreover, it is that the ratio of the outer periphery length (L2) of the core component and the outer periphery length (L1) of the sheath component shown in FIG. This is preferable from the viewpoint of efficiently transferring heat from the core component to the core component.
L2 / L1 ≧ 1.0 (1)

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the protrusions have an interval between adjacent hook-shaped protrusions of 1.5 μm or less, and the long axes of the protrusions form an angle of 90 ° ± 15 ° with respect to the outer periphery of the fiber cross section. It is preferable that they are arranged as described above. The protrusion interval indicates the average interval between the tips of adjacent protrusions. If there are a large number of protrusion intervals exceeding 1.5 μm, deep color and leveling properties when dyeing is performed. May be insufficient. In addition, when there are a large number of protrusions that extend the long axis of the protrusions and intersect with the outer circumference of the fiber cross section less than 75 ° or more than 105 °, interfacial delamination occurs due to external forces acting on the fibers. This is not preferable because it may easily lead to whitening of the dyed product. More preferably, the interval between the projections is 1.2 μm or less, and the major axes of the projections are all arranged so as to form an angle of 90 ° ± 15 ° with respect to the outer circumference of the fiber cross section. preferable.

  The thermoplastic polymer constituting the sheath component of the conjugate fiber of the present invention may be any polymer as long as it has a melting point of less than 300 ° C. and can be melt-spun. Specific examples include polyamides such as nylon 6 and nylon 66 Polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, aromatic polyesters such as wholly aromatic polyesters, aliphatic polyesters such as polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, Examples of the polymer include heat-resistant thermoplastic polymers such as polyphenylene sulfide and polyether ether ketone, and nylon 6 and polyethylene terephthalate are more preferable. Hereinafter, the thermoplastic polymer constituting the sheath component may be simply referred to as “sheath component polymer”.

  Further, the sheath component polymer of the present invention includes a matting agent such as titanium oxide, barium sulfate, and zinc sulfide, a heat stabilizer such as phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, and silicon oxide. Surface treatment agents such as may be included as additives. By using silicon oxide, the resulting fiber can impart fine irregularities to the fiber surface after weight reduction processing, and darkening is realized when it is later made into a woven or knitted fabric. Furthermore, thermal decomposition during heat melting or subsequent heat treatment can be suppressed by using a heat stabilizer. Moreover, the light resistance at the time of use of a fiber can be improved by using a light stabilizer, and it is also possible to improve dyeability by using a surface treating agent.

  The additive may be added in advance to the polymerization system when the sheath component polymer is obtained by polymerization. However, it is generally preferable to add an antioxidant or the like at the end of the polymerization, and this is preferable particularly when the polymerization system is adversely affected or when the additive is deactivated under the polymerization conditions. On the other hand, matting agents, heat stabilizers, and the like are preferably added at the time of polymerization because they are easily dispersed uniformly in the resin polymer.

  In the composite fiber of the present invention, the mass composite ratio of the core component and the sheath component is preferably 10:90 to 50:50, and more preferably 10:90 to 30:70. When the mass composite ratio of the core component polymer is less than 10%, the temperature control effect of the core component is lowered, which is not preferable. Moreover, when the mass composite ratio of the core component polymer exceeds 30%, the spinnability and color developability of the composite fiber are inferior.

  In the conjugate fiber of the present invention, the thickness of the fiber is not particularly limited and can be any thickness. However, in order to obtain a fiber with good color developability, the single fiber fineness of the conjugate fiber is 0.3 to It is preferable to set it to about 11 dtex. Moreover, about the length of a fiber, the effect of this invention is anticipated not only with a long fiber but with a short fiber.

The manufacturing method of the composite fiber of this invention is demonstrated below.
First, the core component polymer and the sheath component polymer are melt-extruded by separate extruders, introduced into a spinning head, and melt-spun through a spinneret that forms each desired composite shape. it can. Further, in order to ensure the quality required for the final product and good processability, an optimum spinning / drawing method can be selected. More specifically, a spin draw method, a 2-step method in which a spinning raw yarn is collected and then drawn in a separate process, or a drawing speed of 2000 m / min or more without drawing is used as a non-drawn yarn. Even in the taking method, the composite fiber product having a good heat-shielding effect and color developability can be obtained by making the product after passing through an arbitrary yarn processing step. In the spinning process, spinning is performed from a die using a normal melt spinning apparatus. Moreover, it is possible to arbitrarily set the cross-sectional shape and diameter of the obtained fiber depending on the shape and size of the die.

  The conjugate fiber of the present invention can be suitably used as various fiber assemblies (fiber structures). Here, the fiber aggregate is not only a woven or knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric made of the conjugate fiber of the present invention alone, but also a woven or knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric made of a portion of the conjugate fiber of the present invention, such as natural fibers or chemical fibers. Woven fabrics such as synthetic fibers and other knitted fabrics, blended yarns, woven fabrics used as blended yarns, blended nonwoven fabrics, etc., but the proportion of the present invention fiber in the woven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics is 30 wt% It is preferable that it is above, and it is more preferable that it is 50 wt% or more.

  The main use of the conjugate fiber of the present invention is to produce a woven or knitted fabric or the like by using long fibers alone or in part, and can be used as a clothing material that develops a good texture. On the other hand, short fibers include garment staples, dry nonwoven fabrics and wet nonwoven fabrics, and can be suitably used not only for clothing but also for non-clothing applications such as various living materials and industrial materials.

  The composite fiber of the present invention preferably has a wash fastness of discoloration, attached contamination, and liquid contamination, all having a quaternary or higher grade. If any of them is grade 3 or lower, it is not preferable for general clothing use from the viewpoint of handleability.

  The composite fiber of the present invention preferably has a light fastness of 4 or higher. When the light fastness is 3rd grade or less, it is not preferable for general clothing use from the viewpoint of handleability.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these Examples. In addition, the measured value in an Example is measured with the following method.

<Temperature control effect>
As a temperature control effect, the fiber diameter is uniformly adjusted, and the obtained composite fiber is used to refine a tubular knitted fabric with a basis weight of 200 g / m ² , and then the surface of the thermocouple thermometer is covered with the tubular knitted fabric. The temperature when the temperature was changed in the range of 10 to 60 ° C. was measured. Evaluation shows how high the temperature of the tubular knitted fabric of the present invention is compared with the temperature of polyethylene terephthalate fiber containing 0.05 wt% of TiO ₂ as a control sample when the outside air temperature is low In addition, when the outside air temperature was high, how low the temperature was exhibited was measured by measuring the temperature difference (ΔT ° C.) from the control sample. When ΔT is ± 2.0 ° C. or higher, the temperature control effect is considered to be sufficient.

<Spinnability>
Spinnability was evaluated according to the following criteria.
(Double-circle): Spinning is very good, such as continuous spinning for 24 hours, no yarn breakage during spinning, and no fluff or loops in the obtained polyester fiber.
○: After continuous spinning for 24 hours, yarn breakage during spinning occurred at a frequency of 1 or less, and the resulting polyester fiber had no fluff or loops at all, or a slight occurrence, but spinnability Is almost good.
Δ: 24 hours of continuous spinning, up to 3 times of spinning breakage, poor spinnability ×: 24 hours of continuous spinning, more than 3 times of spinning breakage, Spinnability is extremely poor.

<Peeling resistance>
Adhesiveness (peeling resistance) of each polymer of the composite fiber: 24 to 36 filaments are twisted at 500 to 1000 T / m, the yarn is cut as it is, and the filaments on the cut surface are peeled with an electron microscope The observation was magnified 500 times. The 10 cut locations were evaluated according to the following criteria.
◎: When the degree of peeling is less than 10% ○: When the degree of peeling is about 10% to 20% △: When the degree of peeling is about 20% to 50% x: When the degree of peeling exceeds 50%

<Color development>
In order to evaluate the unevenness of the obtained dyed material, it was measured using a Hitachi 307 type color analyzer (Hitachi, Ltd .: automatic recording spectrophotometer), and the color developability was evaluated based on the L ^* value.

<Dyeing method>
Dye: DiacrylBlack BSL-F 7% omf
Dispersing aid: Disper TL (manufactured by Meisei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 g / l
PH adjuster: Ultra MT level 1g / l
Bath ratio: 1:50 Temperature: 130 ° C x 40 minutes Reduction cleaning Hydrosulfide 1g / l
Amirazine (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku) 1g / l
NaOH 1g / l
Bath ratio: 1:30 Temperature: 80 ° C x 120 minutes

Example 1
Using a polypropylene (PP) containing 16.0 wt% of crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 42 ° C. as a core component and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a sheath component, a mass composite ratio of the core component and the sheath component of 40:60 Under the conditions, spinning was performed at a spinning temperature of 260 ° C. and a single-hole discharge rate of 1.23 g / min using a base having 24 holes (hole diameter of 0.25 mmφ), and cooling air at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60% was set to 0. After setting the sprayed yarn on the spun yarn at a speed of 4 m / sec to 60 ° C. or less, the length set at a position 1.2 m below the spinneret, the inlet guide system 8 mm, the outlet guide system 10 mm, After introducing into a tube heater (inner temperature 185 ° C.) with an inner diameter of 30 mmφ and stretching in the tube heater, the yarn coming out of the tube heater is lubricated with an oiling nozzle and 3500 m / min through two take-up rollers. Up wound at a rate to obtain a filament of the composite fibers of 84T / 24f. The number of protrusions at the interface between the core component and the sheath component of the composite fiber was 30, and the ratio of the outer peripheral length (L2) of the core component to the outer peripheral length (L1) of the sheath component was 4.4. After refining a tubular knitted fabric with a basis weight of 200 g / m ² using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). The composite fiber had a ΔT of ± 3.0 ° C. and exhibited a color development comparable to that of a conventional polyester fiber. Further, the fastness to washing and the fastness to light of the obtained composite fiber were 4th grade or higher, and there was no problem.

(Example 2)
Using polyethylene (PE) containing 10.0 wt% crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 26 ° C. as the core component and PET as the sheath component, the mass composite ratio is 50:50, the number of protrusions is 16, L2 / L1 = Various conditions were adjusted so that a conjugate fiber of 3.5 was obtained, and 84T / 24f conjugate fiber filaments were obtained. After refining the tubular knitted fabric using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). The composite fiber had a ΔT of ± 4.2 ° C., indicating a color development comparable to that of a conventional polyester fiber. Further, the fastness to washing and the fastness to light of the obtained composite fiber were 4th grade or higher, and there was no problem.

Example 3
Using PP containing 30.0 wt% of crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 50 ° C. as the core component and PET as the sheath component, with a mass composite ratio of 30:70, 50 protrusions, L2 / L1 = 7.3 Various conditions were adjusted to obtain a composite fiber of 84T / 24f to obtain a composite fiber filament. After refining the tubular knitted fabric using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). The composite fiber had a ΔT of ± 3.4 ° C. and exhibited a color development comparable to that of a conventional polyester fiber. Further, the fastness to washing and the fastness to light of the obtained composite fiber were 4th grade or higher, and there was no problem.

Example 4
Using PP containing 1.0 wt% crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 42 ° C. as the core component and nylon 6 (Ny-6) as the sheath component, with a mass composite ratio of 10:90, 10 protrusions, L2 Various conditions were adjusted so that a composite fiber with /L1=2.1 was obtained, and a filament of 84T / 24f composite fiber was obtained. After refining the tubular knitted fabric using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). The composite fiber had a ΔT of ± 2.0 ° C., indicating a color development comparable to that of a conventional polyester fiber. Further, the fastness to washing and the fastness to light of the obtained composite fiber were 4th grade or higher, and there was no problem.

(Comparative Example 1)
Using PP that does not contain a temperature adjusting agent as the core component and PET as the sheath component, various composite fibers having a mass composite ratio of 40:60, 30 protrusions, and L2 / L1 = 4.4 can be obtained. The conditions were adjusted to obtain 84T / 24f composite fiber filaments. After refining the tubular knitted fabric using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). Since the core component does not contain a temperature adjusting agent, ΔT of the composite fiber was ± 0.4 ° C., and a fiber having a sufficient temperature adjusting function could not be obtained.

(Comparative Example 2)
Using PP containing 30.0 wt% crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 26 ° C. as the core component and PET as the sheath component, with a mass composite ratio of 70:30, the number of protrusions is 30 and L2 / L1 = 5.2. Although various conditions were adjusted so that a composite fiber could be obtained, the composite fiber could not be obtained because the core component ratio was high.

(Comparative Example 3)
Using PP containing 16.0 wt% of crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 42 ° C. as the core component and PET as the sheath component, the mass composite ratio is 40:60, the number of protrusions is 3, L2 / L1 = 0.7 Various conditions were adjusted to obtain a composite fiber of 84T / 24f to obtain a composite fiber filament. After refining the tubular knitted fabric using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). Since the contact area between the core component and the sheath component was small, ΔT of the composite fiber was ± 1.4 ° C., and a fiber having a sufficient temperature control function could not be obtained.

(Comparative Example 4)
Using PP containing 30.0 wt% crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 60 ° C. as the core component and PET as the sheath component, the mass composite ratio is 40:60, the number of protrusions is 50, and L2 / L1 = 7.1. Various conditions were adjusted to obtain a composite fiber of 84T / 24f to obtain a composite fiber filament. After refining the tubular knitted fabric using the obtained conjugate fiber, various measurements were performed. Table 1 shows the temperature control effect (ΔT), spinnability, peel resistance, and color developability (L ^* value). Since the crystalline α-olefin has a high melting point and little heat is received from the outside, ΔT of the composite fiber is ± 1.1 ° C., and a fiber having a sufficient temperature control function cannot be obtained.

  Since the conjugate fiber of the present invention has an excellent temperature control function, it is less affected by changes in the outside air temperature, and has a very high effect of providing comfort when used in textile products. Further, uneven dyeing due to peeling of the core-sheath interface can also be suppressed. Therefore, it can be widely used not only for daily clothing such as innerwear and outerwear, but also for clothing and sportswear used in harsh environments such as Takayama.

1. A sheath component constituting the composite fiber2. 2. Core component constituting the composite fiber Peripheral length of sheath component (L1) constituting the composite fiber
4). Peripheral length of core component constituting composite fiber (L2)

Claims (4)

A core component composed of a crystalline α-olefin having a melting point of 20 to 50 ° C. and a thermoplastic polymer, the α-olefin being 1.0 to 30.0 wt%, and the thermoplastic polymer being 99.0 to 70.0 wt% % Is a core-sheath type composite fiber having a core component, and has a protrusion at the interface between the core component and the sheath component, and the number of protrusions is four or more. . The composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the outer peripheral length (L2) of the core component and the outer peripheral length (L1) of the sheath component satisfies the following formula (1).
L2 / L1 ≧ 1.0 (1) The composite fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a mass composite ratio of the core component and the sheath component is 10:90 to 50:50. A fiber structure comprising 30% by weight or more of the conjugate fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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