JP2014534586A - 高容量リチウムイオン電気化学セル及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
高容量リチウムイオン電気化学セル及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014534586A JP2014534586A JP2014538973A JP2014538973A JP2014534586A JP 2014534586 A JP2014534586 A JP 2014534586A JP 2014538973 A JP2014538973 A JP 2014538973A JP 2014538973 A JP2014538973 A JP 2014538973A JP 2014534586 A JP2014534586 A JP 2014534586A
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- lithium ion
- electrochemical cell
- ion electrochemical
- positive electrode
- metal oxide
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- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
「活性」又は「電気化学的に活性」は、リチウムとの反応によって、リチオ化及び脱リチオ化を経ることができる材料を指し、
「不活性」又は「電気化学的に不活性」は、リチウムと反応せず、リチオ化及び脱リチオ化を経ることができない材料を指し、
「合金活性材料」は、そのうちの少なくとも1つが金属であり、得られる材料が電気化学的活性である、2つ以上の要素の組成物を指し、
「実質的に取り囲む」は、コアを殆ど完全に取り囲むが、例えば、ピンホールまたは小さいクラックなどのコアの極めて小さい部分を露出させる若干の不完全性を有することもあるシェルを指し、
「複合(正極又は負極)電極」は、集電体に塗布されて電極を形成し、例えば導電性希釈剤、接着促進剤、及び結合剤を含むコーティングを構成する活性及び不活性材料を指し、
「複合粒子」は、コア及びシェルのような少なくとも2つの別個の相から構成される粒子を指し、
「サイクル」は、リチオ化とそれに続く脱リチオ化、又はその逆を指し、
「dQ/dV」は、セル電圧に対する容量の変化率(即ち、セル電圧に対する微分容量)を指し、
「第1の不可逆的容量」は、mAh、又は全電極のパーセンテージで表される、第1の充電/放電サイクル時に失われる電極のリチウム容量の全量であり、
「リチウム混合金属酸化物」は、1つ以上の遷移金属を酸化物の形で含むリチウム金属酸化物組成物を指し、
「負極」は、放電プロセス時に電気化学的酸化及び脱リチオ化が起こる電極(しばしば、アノードと呼ばれる)を指し、
「O3結晶構造」は、酸素面が積層したABCABCであり、リチウムが8面体部位を占める結晶構造を指し、並びに
「正極」は、放電プロセス時に電気化学的還元及びリチオ化が起こる電極(しばしばカソードと呼ばれる)を指す。
V平均(D)=E/Q
Claims (19)
- リチウムイオン電気化学セルであって、
第1の不可逆的容量を有する層状リチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極と、
約0.9V vs.Li/Li+まで脱リチオ化するときに第1の不可逆的容量を有する合金アノード材料を含む負極と、を備え、
前記正極の第1の不可逆的容量が前記負極の第1の不可逆的容量よりも小さく、
前記正極の放電電圧曲線が、3.5V vs.Li/Li+以下の電圧でその容量の少なくとも10%を包含し、
約4.8V vs.Li/Li+から約2.5V vs.Li/Li+までC/10以下の速度で放電するときに、前記正極の平均放電電圧が3.75V vs.Li/Li+以上であり、
前記電気化学セルが約2.5V vs.Li/Li+以上の最終放電電圧まで放電される、リチウムイオン電気化学セル。 - 前記正極が、
O3結晶構造を有する層状リチウム金属酸化物を含むコアであって、
前記層状リチウム金属酸化物がリチウムイオンセルのカソードに組み込まれ、前記リチウムイオンセルが少なくとも4.6V vs.Li/Li+まで充電され、次いで放電するときに、前記層状リチウム金属酸化物が、3.5V vs.Li/Li+以下のdQ/dVピークを示さず、前記コアが複合粒子の原子の全モル基準で30〜85モルパーセントの前記複合粒子を含む、コアと、
前記コアを実質的に取り囲むO3結晶構造を有し、酸素欠損を有する層状リチウム金属酸化物を含むシェル層と、
を含む複合粒子を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。 - 前記層状リチウム金属酸化物が、ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトを含み、前記複合粒子中の全コバルト含有量が20モルパーセント未満である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- 前記シェル層が、Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2、Li[Li0.06Mn0.525Ni0.415]O2、及びLi[Li0.2Mn0.6Ni0.2]O2からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- 前記コアが、Li[Ni2/3Mn1/3]O2を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- Mn及びNiが、1を超える、Niに対するMnの第1のモル比で前記シェル層中に存在する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- Mn及びNiが、1以下の、Niに対するMnの第2のモル比で前記コア中に存在する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- 前記正極が、
その上に配設された正の複合粒子を有する集電体、
少なくとも1つの導電性希釈剤、及び
結合剤、を更に含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。 - 前記集電体上に配設された正の複合粒子が、1立方センチメートル当たり2.8グラム以上の密度を有する、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- アノード、セパレータ、及び電解質を更に含む、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- 前記リチウムイオン電気化学セルが、少なくとも4.6V vs.Li/Li+までの充電でサイクル可能であり、100回の充電−放電サイクル後の容量減衰が10パーセント未満である、請求項10に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セル。
- リチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法であって、
複合粒子を含む第1の不可逆的容量を有する正極を選択する工程であって、前記複合粒子が、
O3結晶構造を有する層状リチウム金属酸化物を含むコアであって、
前記層状リチウム金属酸化物がリチウムイオンセルのカソードに組み込まれ、前記リチウムイオンセルは少なくとも4.6V vs.Li/Li+まで充電され、次いで放電したときに、前記層状リチウム金属酸化物は、3.5V vs.Li/Li+以下のdQ/dVピークを示さず、前記複合粒子の原子の全モル基準で30〜85モルパーセントの前記複合粒子を含むコアと、
前記コアを実質的に取り囲むO3結晶構造を有するシェル層であって、酸素欠損を有する層状リチウム金属酸化物を含むシェル層と、を含む工程と、
約0.9V vs.Li/Li+まで脱リチオ化するときに、第1のサイクル不可逆的容量を有する合金アノード材料を含む負極を選択する工程と、
電解質、正極及び負極を用いて、リチウムイオン電気化学セルを組み立てる工程と、を含み、
前記正極の第1の不可逆的容量が前記負極の第1の不可逆的容量よりも小さく、
前記正極の放電電圧曲線が、3.5V vs.Li/Li+以下の電圧でその容量の少なくとも10%を包含し、及び
約4.8V vs.Li/Li+から約2.5V vs.Li/Li+までC/10以下の速度で放電するときに、前記正極の平均放電電圧が3.75V vs.Li/Li+以上であり、
前記電気化学セルが約2.5V vs.Li/Li+以上の最終放電電圧まで放電される、方法。 - 前記層状リチウム金属酸化物が、ニッケル、マンガン、及びコバルトを含み、前記複合粒子中の全コバルト含有量が20モルパーセント未満である、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。
- 前記シェル層が、Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2、Li[Li0.06Mn0.525Ni0.415]O2、及びLi[Li0.2Mn0.6Ni0.2]O2からなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。
- 前記コアがLi[Ni2/3Mn1/3]O2を含む、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。
- Mn及びNiが、1を超える、Niに対するMnの第1のモル比で前記シェル層中に存在する、請求項12〜15のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。
- Mn及びNiが、1以下の、Niに対するMnの第2のモル比で前記コア中に存在する、請求項12〜16のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。
- 前記正極が、
その上に配設された正の複合粒子を有する集電体、
少なくとも1つの導電性希釈剤、及び
結合剤を更に含む、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。 - 前記集電体の上に配設された正の複合粒子が、1立方センチメートル当たり2.8グラム以上の密度を有する、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン電気化学セルを作製する方法。
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