JP2014534273A - 熱伝達用途のためのナノ流体 - Google Patents
熱伝達用途のためのナノ流体 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001719 carbohydrate derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007563 acoustic spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002577 cryoprotective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/06—Selection or use of additives to aid disintegrating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/36—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy the crushing or disintegrating zone being submerged in liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
安定したナノ流体の生産の方法が、図1を参照して上記に説明されてきた。試験する目的のために、ベース流体、分散剤、および金属酸化物の濃度を変化させたいくつかのタイプのナノ流体が、上述の方法を使用して用意された。これらのナノ流体が試験され、以下に論じられている結果を示した。説明目的で、ナノ流体のサンプルは、10gmのクエン酸ナトリウムを100mlのベース流体の中へ混合することによって用意された。ベース流体は、等しい比率で混合されたエチレングリコールと水の混合物になるようにされた。ベース流体と分散剤のこの混合物に対して、40gmの粉末二酸化チタンTiO2が加えられ、ここで、金属酸化物の粒子の平均は、100nmよりも大きかった。次いで、このように得られた一次混合物が、図1の説明の中で記載されている方法を使用して、分散および粉砕された。次いで、この生産された最終的な安定したナノ流体は、同じ方法を使用して用意された他のナノ流体とともに、安定性のために、および、それらの熱伝達特性の測定のために、試験された。
102 ベース流体
104 分散剤
106 金属酸化物の粉末
108 第1の混合物
110 一次混合物
112 分散機
114 粉砕機
116 粒子サイズ分析器
202、204、206、208、210、212、252、254、256、258、260、262 線
102−1、102−2 ベース流体、熱伝達液体
102−3 ベース流体
104−1、104−2、104−3 分散剤
112−1、112−2 分散機
Claims (15)
- ナノ流体を生産するための方法であって、
ベース流体を分散剤および金属酸化物の粉末と混合し、一次混合物を形成する混合ステップであって、前記ベース流体は、熱伝達流体であり、前記金属酸化物の粉末は、100nmよりも大きいサイズの粒子を含む、混合ステップと、
前記一次混合物を粉砕し、濃縮されたナノ粒子の懸濁液を得る粉砕ステップであって、前記分散剤が、所定の期間の後ごとに、前記粉砕の間に前記一次混合物に加えられる、粉砕ステップと、
を備える、方法。 - 前記金属酸化物の粉末が、少なくとも1つの金属酸化物の粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたナノ粒子の懸濁液の前記金属酸化物の微粒子が、100nmよりも小さい平均サイズを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ベース流体および前記分散剤を加えることによって、前記濃縮されたナノ粒子の懸濁液を希釈し、ナノ流体を生産する希釈ステップと、
前記希釈されたナノ粒子の懸濁液を分散させて、安定したナノ流体を形成する分散ステップと、
をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記分散ステップは、超音波処理および磁気撹拌のうちの1つを使用して行われる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記安定したナノ流体の熱伝達効率が、前記ベース流体の熱伝達効率よりも、約1%〜約60%だけ大きい、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記安定したナノ流体の熱伝達効率は、複数の加熱冷却サイクルにわたって、実質的に一定のままである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記一次混合物を粉砕する前記粉砕ステップが、
前記一次混合物を湿式破砕する湿式破砕工程と、
前記湿式破砕工程の間に、前記一次混合物を定期的に分析し、前記金属酸化物の粉末の微粒子のサイズを測定する分析工程と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記湿式破砕工程が、ボールミルおよび遊星ミルのうちの1つを使用して行われる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記混合ステップが、前記一次混合物を分散させて、一次混合物スラリーを形成する分散工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分散工程が、超音波処理および磁気撹拌のうちの1つを使用して行われる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ベース流体が、水、ポリオール、グリコール、アルコール、油、および、それらの組み合わせのうちの1つである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸、エステル、エーテル、アルコール、糖類、糖類派生物、ホスフェート、アミン、および、それらの組み合わせのうちの1つである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの金属酸化物を形成する金属が、チタン、アルミニウム、鉄、シリコン、ジルコニウム、および亜鉛のうちの1つである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法から生産される、安定したナノ流体。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IN2410/MUM/2011 | 2011-08-26 | ||
IN2410MU2011 | 2011-08-26 | ||
PCT/IN2011/000843 WO2013030845A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-12-08 | Nanofluids for heat transfer applications |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014534273A true JP2014534273A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
Family
ID=45809384
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2014527813A Pending JP2014534273A (ja) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-12-08 | 熱伝達用途のためのナノ流体 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9937503B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2748274B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2014534273A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013030845A1 (ja) |
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