JP2014530872A - サーチュイン調節因子としての置換された二環式アザ複素環およびアナログ - Google Patents
サーチュイン調節因子としての置換された二環式アザ複素環およびアナログ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014530872A JP2014530872A JP2014537288A JP2014537288A JP2014530872A JP 2014530872 A JP2014530872 A JP 2014530872A JP 2014537288 A JP2014537288 A JP 2014537288A JP 2014537288 A JP2014537288 A JP 2014537288A JP 2014530872 A JP2014530872 A JP 2014530872A
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- alkyl
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- sirtuin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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Abstract
Description
本明細書では、以下の用語および句は、以下に述べる意味を有するものとする。他に定義されない限り、本明細書に使用される技術用語および科学用語は全て、当業者に通常理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
一面において、本発明は、例えば、加齢またはストレスに関連する疾病または疾患、糖尿病、肥満、神経変性疾患、眼の疾病および疾患、心血管疾患、血液凝固疾患、炎症、癌、および/または潮紅などを含む多種多様な疾病および疾患を治療および/または予防するための新規な化合物を提供する。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物などの主題化合物は、増加したミトコンドリア活性から利益を得るだろう対象の疾病または疾患の治療のために、筋肉の性能を向上させるために、筋ATPレベルを増加させるために、または低酸素症もしくは虚血と関連する筋組織の損傷を治療もしくは予防するためにも利用できる。本明細書に開示される化合物は、本明細書に開示される医薬組成物および/または一つ以上の方法における使用に好適になり得る。
AまたはBはNであり、他方がCであり、
各Rは、水素、ハロ、OH、C≡N、C2−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、C1−C4アルコキシ置換C1−C4アルキル、ヒドロキシ置換C1−C8アルキル、O−R3、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−OR3、S−(C1−C4)アルキル、S−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、N(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、N(C1−C4アルキル)(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(C1−C4アルキル)(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、C3−C7シクロアルキル、および4〜8員の非芳香族複素環から独立して選択され、BがNである場合、Rはさらにメチルから選択されることができ、
R1は芳香族複素環であり、ここでR1は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、C1−C4アルコキシ置換C1−C4アルキル、ヒドロキシ置換C1−C8アルキル、O−R3、−O−(C1−C4アルキル)−OR3、=O、C3−C7シクロアルキル、SO2R3、S−R3、(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、N(R3)(R3)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CR3R3−(C0−C4アルキル)、(C1−C4アルキル)−O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、(C1−C4アルキル)−C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CRxRx−(C0−C4アルキル)、CRxRx、フェニル、O−フェニル、第2の複素環、O−(第2の複素環)、3,4−メチレンジオキシ、ハロ置換3,4−メチレンジオキシ、3,4−エチレンジオキシ、およびハロ置換3,4−エチレンジオキシから独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、ここでR1の任意のフェニル、飽和複素環、または第2の複素環置換基は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、O−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)、S−(C1−C4アルキル)、およびS−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)から独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、
R2は炭素環または複素環であり、ここでR2は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、C1−C4アルコキシ置換C1−C4アルキル、ヒドロキシ置換C1−C8アルキル、O−R3、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−OR3、=O、C3−C7シクロアルキル、SO2R3、S−R3、(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、N(R3)(R3)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CR3R3−(C0−C4アルキル)、(C1−C4アルキル)−O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、(C1−C4アルキル)−C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CRxRx−(C0−C4アルキル)、CRxRx、フェニル、O−フェニル、第2の複素環、O−(第2の複素環)、3,4−メチレンジオキシ、ハロ置換3,4−メチレンジオキシ、3,4−エチレンジオキシ、およびハロ置換3,4−エチレンジオキシから独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、ここでR2の任意のフェニル、飽和複素環、または第2の複素環置換基は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C2アルキル、O−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)、S−(C1−C4アルキル)、S−(ハロ置換C1−C2アルキル)、およびN(R3)(R3)から独立に選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、
各R3は、水素ならびにOH、−O−(C1−C4アルキル)、ハロ、NH2、NH(C1−C4アルキル)、N(C1−C4アルキル)2、NH(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、NH(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、およびN(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2の一つ以上により置換されていてもよいC1−C4アルキルから独立して選択されるか、または
二つのR3は、それらが結合している窒素または炭素原子と共に、N、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから独立して選択される一つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜8員の飽和複素環を形成し、ここで二つのR3により形成される複素環は、任意の炭素原子で、OH、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、ハロ、NH2、NH(C1−C4アルキル)、N(C1−C4アルキル)2、O(C1−C4アルキル)、NH(ヒドロキシル置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、N(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、NH(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、およびN(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2の一つ以上により置換されていてもよく、任意の置換可能な窒素原子で、C1−C4アルキルまたはハロ置換C1−C4アルキルにより置換されていてもよく、
二つのRxはそれらが結合する炭素原子と共に、4〜8員の炭素環またはN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから独立して選択される一つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい複素環を形成し、ここで前記炭素環または複素環は、任意の炭素原子で、OH、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、ハロ、およびNH2の一つ以上により置換されていてもよく、任意の置換可能な窒素原子で、C1−C4アルキルまたはハロ置換C1−C4アルキルにより置換されていてもよく、かつ
AがNである場合、Xは、C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−†、NH−CR4R5−†、C(=O)−NH−CR4R5−†、S(=O)−NH−†、S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−O−CR4R5−†、NH−†、NH−C(=S)−†、C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−†、NH−S(=O)2−†、NH−S(=O)2−NR4−†、NR4−S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)NH−†、NH−C(=O)NR4−†、NR4−C(=O)NH−†、CR4R5−NH−C(=O)−†、NH−C(=S)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)2−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−NH−†、およびCR4R5−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択され、
BがNである場合、Xは、C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−†、C(=O)−NH−CR4R5−†、S(=O)−NH−†、S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−O−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=S)−†、C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−†、NH−S(=O)2−†、NH−S(O)2−NR4−†、NR4−S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)NH−†、NH−C(=O)NR4−†、NR4−C(=O)NH−†、CR4R5−NH−C(=O)−†、NH−C(=S)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)2−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−NH−†、およびCR4R5−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択され、ここで、
†は、XがR1に結合する位置を表し、かつ
各R4およびR5は、水素、C1−C4アルキル、CF3、および(C1−C3アルキル)−CF3から独立して選択される)。
特定の面において、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を調節する方法およびその使用方法を提供する。
一実施形態において、本発明は、細胞を、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させる本発明のサーチュイン調節化合物に接触させることにより、細胞の寿命を延ばし、細胞の増殖能力を高め、細胞の加齢を減速させ、細胞の生存を促進し、細胞中の細胞老化を遅らせ、カロリー制限の効果を模倣し、ストレスに対する細胞の耐性を増加させ、あるいは、細胞のアポトーシスを阻害する方法を提供する。好ましい実施形態において、前記方法は、細胞をサーチュイン調節化合物と接触させることを含んでなる。
他の実施形態において、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を、その必要のある対象に投与することによる、心血管疾患を治療および/または予防する方法を提供する。
サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を、ある線量の放射線または毒素を最近受け取ったか、受け取る可能性のある対象に投与できる。特定の実施形態において、その線量の放射線または毒素は、業務関連または医療処置の一部として受け取られ、例えば、予防的手段として投与される。他の実施形態において、放射線または毒素曝露は、誤って受け取られる。そのような場合、前記化合物は、好ましくは、アポトーシスおよびその後の急性放射線症候群の発生を抑制するために、曝露の後にできるだけ早く投与される。
特定の面において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、神経変性疾患、および中枢神経系(CNS)、脊髄、または末梢神経系(PNS)に対する外傷性または機械的損傷を患っている患者を治療できる。神経変性疾患は、典型的には、ヒトの脳の質量および体積の減少を含むが、これは脳細胞の萎縮および/または死によることがあり、加齢に起因する健康な人間のものよりもはるかに顕著である。神経変性疾患は、特定の脳の領域の進行性の変性(例えば、神経細胞機能不全および死)により、長期間の正常な脳の機能の後に徐々に発展し得る。あるいは、神経変性疾患は、外傷または毒素に関連するものなど急速な発症を有することがある。脳の変性の実際の発症は、臨床的な表現よりも何年も前であることがある。神経変性疾患の例には、アルツハイマー病(AD)、パーキンソン病(PD)、ハンチントン病(HD)、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS、ルー・ゲーリッグ病)、びまん性レビー小体病、舞踏病有棘赤血球症、原発性側索硬化症、眼病(眼性神経炎)、化学療法誘導性神経障害(例えば、ビンクリスチン、パクリタキセル、ボルテゾミブから)、糖尿病誘発性神経障害およびフリードライヒ運動失調症があるが、これらに限定されない。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、これらの疾患および以下に記載される他の疾患の治療に使用できる。
他の面において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、血液凝固疾患(または止血障害)を治療または予防することができる。本明細書で交換可能に使用されるとおり、「止血」、「血液凝固(blood coagulation)」、および「血液凝固(blood clotting)」は、血管収縮および凝固の生理学的性質を含む、出血の制御を意味する。血液凝固は、創傷、炎症、疾病、先天異常、機能不全、および他の混乱の後、哺乳動物の循環の完全性を維持することを支援する。さらに、血餅の形成は、創傷の場合に出血を制限するだけでなく(止血)、重要な動脈または静脈の閉塞により、アテローム硬化性疾患の状況において重篤な臓器損傷および死をもたらし得る。このように、血栓症は、間違った時間および場所での血餅形成である。
他の面において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を、対象の体重増加または肥満を治療または予防するために使用してもよい。例えば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、例えば、遺伝性肥満、食事による肥満、ホルモンが関連する肥満、薬の投与に関連する肥満を治療または予防し、対象の体重を減らし、または対象における体重増加を減少又は予防できる。そのような治療が必要な対象は、肥満であり、肥満になる可能性があり、体重過多であり、体重過多になる可能性がある対象であり得る。肥満または体重過多になる可能性がある対象は、たとえば、家族歴、遺伝、食事、活動レベル、薬の摂取、またはこれらの種々の組合せに基づいて特定することができる。
他の面において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、インスリン抵抗性、前糖尿病性状態、II型糖尿病、および/またはこれらの合併症などの代謝疾患の治療または予防に利用できる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の投与は、対象のインスリン感受性を高め、かつ/またはインスリンレベルを低下させ得る。そのような治療を必要とする対象は、インスリン抵抗性もしくは他のII型糖尿病の前駆症状を有する対象、II型糖尿病の対象、またはこれら病態のいずれかを発症しそうな対象であり得る。例えば、対象は、インスリン抵抗性を有する対象、例えば、インスリンの高い循環レベルならびに/または関連する病態、例えば、高脂血症、脂肪生成不全(dyslipogenesis)、高コレステロール血症、耐糖能異常、高血糖レベル、シンドロームXの他の発現、高血圧、アテローム性動脈硬化、およびリポジストロフィーなどを有する対象であり得る。
他の面において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、炎症に関連する疾病または疾患を治療または予防できる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、炎症の発症の前でも、炎症の開始時でも、炎症の開始の後でも投与してもよい。予防的に使用される場合、化合物は、好ましくは炎症性の反応または症状の前に与えられる。化合物の投与により、炎症性反応または症状を予防または弱めることができる。
他の面において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を、疾患の症状である潮紅および/またはほてりの発生または重症度を低減するために使用できる。例えば、主題方法は、単独または他の薬剤と組み合わせた、癌患者の潮紅および/またはほてりの発生または重症度を低減するための、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の使用を含む。他の実施形態において、前記方法は、閉経期および閉経後の女性の潮紅および/またはほてりの発生または重症度を低減するための、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の使用を提供する。
本発明の一面は、本明細書に開示される化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、プロドラッグ、もしくは代謝誘導体から選択される、治療用量のサーチュイン調節因子を患者に投与することにより、視力障害を阻害し、低減し、または他の方法で治療する方法である。
特定の実施形態において、本発明は、増加したミトコンドリア活性から利益を得るだろう疾病または疾患を治療する方法を提供する。前記方法は、その必要のある対象に、治療上有効な量のサーチュイン調節化合物を投与することを含む。増加したミトコンドリア活性は、ミトコンドリアの全体数(例えば、ミトコンドリア質量)を維持しながらミトコンドリアの活性を増加させること、ミトコンドリアの数を増やしてそれによりミトコンドリア活性を増加させること(例えば、ミトコンドリア生合成の刺激により)、またはこれらの組み合わせを意味する。特定の実施形態において、増加したミトコンドリア活性から利益を得るだろう疾病および疾患には、ミトコンドリア機能不全に関連する疾病または疾患がある。
他の実施形態において、本発明は、治療上有効な量のサーチュイン調節化合物を投与することにより、筋性能を向上させる方法を提供する。例えば、サーチュイン調節化合物は、肉体的持久力(例えば、運動、肉体労働、スポーツ活動などの肉体的作業を実施する能力など)の向上、肉体疲労の抑制または遅延、血中酸素レベルの上昇、健康な個人におけるエネルギーの増大、作業能力および持久力の向上、筋疲労の低下、ストレスの減少、心臓および心血管機能の向上、性的能力の向上、筋ATPレベルの上昇、ならびに/または血中の乳酸の低下に有用になり得る。特定の実施形態において、前記方法は、ミトコンドリア活性を増加させ、ミトコンドリア生合成を増加させ、かつ/またはミトコンドリア質量を増加させる量のサーチュイン調節化合物を投与することを含む。
サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ウイルス感染(インフルエンザ、ヘルペス、またはパピローマウイルスによる感染など)を治療もしくは予防するために、または抗真菌剤として使用することができる。特定の実施形態において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ウイルス疾患の治療のための他の治療剤との配合剤療法の一部として投与されることがある。他の実施形態において、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、他の抗真菌剤との配合剤療法の一部として投与されることがある。
本明細書に企図されるさらに他の方法は、サーチュインを調節する化合物または薬剤を同定するスクリーニング方法を含む。薬剤は、アプタマーなどの核酸でもよい。アッセイは、細胞ベースでも、細胞フリーのフォーマットでも実施できる。例えば、アッセイは、サーチュインを調節することが知られている薬剤によりサーチュインが調節され得るような条件下で、サーチュインを試験薬剤と共にインキュベート(または接触)すること、および試験物質の非存在下に比べた試験薬剤の存在下でのサーチュインの調節のレベルをモニタリングまたは決定することを含んでなることがある。サーチュインの調節のレベルは、基質を脱アセチル化するその能力の決定により決定できる。例示的な基質は、BIOMOL(Plymouth Meeting,PA)から得られるアセチル化ペプチドである。好ましい基質には、アセチル化K382を含んでなるものなどのp53のペプチドがある。特に好ましい基質は、Fluor de Lys-SIRT1 (BIOMOL)、すなわちアセチル化ペプチドArg−His−Lys−Lysである。他の基質は、ヒトのヒストンH3およびH4由来のペプチドまたはアセチル化アミノ酸である。基質は蛍光発生性でもよい。サーチュインは、SIRT1でも、Sir2でも、SIRT3でも、これらの一部でもよい。例えば、リコンビナントなSIRT1をBIOMOLから得ることができる。反応を約30分間実施して、例えばニコチンアミドにより停止することができる。HDAC蛍光活性アッセイ/薬物発見キット(AK-500,BIOMOL Research Laboratories)を使用して、アセチル化のレベルを決定できる。類似のアッセイは、Bitterman et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:45099に記載されている。アッセイにおけるサーチュインの調節のレベルを、本明細書に記載される1種以上の化合物(別々または同時)の存在下でのサーチュインの調節のレベルと比較することができ、これは陽性対照としても陰性対照としても作用し得る。アッセイに使用するサーチュインは、完全長サーチュインタンパク質でも、その一部でもよい。活性化化合物がSIRT1のN末端と相互作用するらしいことが本明細書に示されたので、アッセイに使用するタンパク質は、サーチュインのN末端部分、例えば、SIRT1の約アミノ酸1−176または1−255、Sir2の約アミノ酸1−174または1−252を含む。
本明細書に記載される化合物は、1種以上の生理学的または薬学的に許容可能な担体または賦形剤を使用して従来の方法で製剤化できる。例えば、化合物ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩および溶媒和物は、例えば、注射(例えば、皮下、筋肉内、腹腔内)、吸入もしくは吹送(口または鼻のいずれかによる)による投与用にも、経口、頬側、舌下、経皮、鼻腔内、非経口、もしくは直腸投与用にも製剤化することができる。特定の実施形態において、化合物は標的細胞が存在する部位で、すなわち、特定の組織、臓器、または流体(例えば、血液、脳脊髄液など)に、局所的に投与できる。
キット、例えば、治療目的のキットまたは細胞の寿命を調節するキット、またはアポトーシスを調節するキットも本明細書に提供される。キットは、本明細書に記載される1種以上の化合物を、例えば、あらかじめ計量された投与量で含んでなることがある。キットは、細胞を化合物と接触させる装置および使用の説明書を含んでいてもよい。装置には、シリンジ、ステント、および化合物を対象(例えば、対象の血管)に導入する他の装置、またはそれを対象の皮膚に塗る他の装置がある。
iology (Mayer and Walker, eds., Academic Press, London, 1987)、 Handbook Of Experimental Immunology, Volumes I-IV (D. M. Weir and C. C. Blackwell, eds., 1986)、 Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1986)を参照されたい。
工程1.4−ブロモ−6−クロロピリダジン−3−アミンの合成:
工程1.6−クロロ−2−(3−フルオロフェニル)イミダゾ[1,2−b]ピリダジン−8−カルボン酸の合成:
工程1.ナトリウム1−エトキシ−1,3−ジオキソプロパン−2−イドの合成:
工程1.2−(2−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)ピロゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン−7−アミンの合成:
工程1.6−(アゼチジン−1−イル)ピコリン酸メチルの合成:
質量分析法系のアッセイを利用して、SIRT1活性の調節因子を特定した。TAMRA系アッセイは、以下の20アミノ酸残基を有するペプチドを利用した:Ac−EE−K(ビオチン)−GQSTSSHSK(Ac)NleSTEG−K(5TMR)−EE−NH2(配列番号1)(式中、K(Ac)はアセチル化リジン残基であり、Nleはノルロイシンである)。ペプチドを、C末端でフルオロフォア5TMR(励起540nm/発光580nm)により標識した。ペプチド基質の配列は、p53に基づき、いくつかの修飾があった。さらに、前記配列に天然に存在するメチオニン残基をノルロイシンに替えたが、その理由は、メチオニンは合成および精製の間に酸化を受けやすくなり得るからである。Trp系アッセイは、以下のアミノ酸残基を有するペプチドを利用した:Ac−R−H−K−K(Ac)−W−NH2(配列番号2)。
本発明は、特に、サーチュイン調節化合物およびその使用方法を提供する。主題発明の特定の実施形態を議論してきたが、上記明細書は説明的なものであり、限定的なものではない。本発明の多くの変形が、この明細書を精査すると当業者に明らかになるであろう。本発明の全範囲は、請求項およびそれらの等価物の全範囲、ならびに明細書およびそのような変形によって決定するべきである。
以下に列記されるものも含み、本明細書に記載された全ての刊行物および特許は、それらの個々の刊行物または特許が具体的かつ個別に示されるように引用することにより本明細書の開示の範囲とされる。矛盾する場合、本明細書のいかなる定義も含めて、本願が優先する。
Claims (21)
- 下記構造式(I)により表される化合物またはその塩:
AまたはBはNであり、他方はCであり、
各Rは、水素、ハロ、OH、C≡N、C2−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、C1−C4アルコキシ置換C1−C4アルキル、ヒドロキシ置換C1−C8アルキル、O−R3、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−OR3、S−(C1−C4)アルキル、S−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、N(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、N(C1−C4アルキル)(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(C1−C4アルキル)(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、C3−C7シクロアルキル、および4〜8員の非芳香族複素環から独立して選択され、BがNである場合、Rはさらにメチルから選択されてもよく、
R1は芳香族複素環であり、ここでR1は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、C1−C4アルコキシ置換C1−C4アルキル、ヒドロキシ置換C1−C8アルキル、O−R3、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−OR3、=O、C3−C7シクロアルキル、SO2R3、S−R3、(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、N(R3)(R3)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CR3R3−(C0−C4アルキル)、(C1−C4アルキル)−O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、(C1−C4アルキル)−C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CRxRx−(C0−C4アルキル)、CRxRx、フェニル、O−フェニル、第2の複素環、O−(第2の複素環)、3,4−メチレンジオキシ、ハロ置換3,4−メチレンジオキシ、3,4−エチレンジオキシ、およびハロ置換3,4−エチレンジオキシから独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、ここでR1の任意のフェニル、飽和複素環、または第2の複素環置換基は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、O−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)、S−(C1−C4アルキル)、およびS−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)から独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、
R2は炭素環または複素環であり、ここでR2は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、C1−C4アルコキシ置換C1−C4アルキル、ヒドロキシ置換C1−C8アルキル、O−R3、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−OR3、=O、C3−C7シクロアルキル、SO2R3、S−R3、(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、N(R3)(R3)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CR3R3−(C0−C4アルキル)、(C1−C4アルキル)−O−(C1−C4アルキル)−N(R3)(R3)、C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、(C1−C4アルキル)−C(=O)−N(R3)(R3)、O−(C0−C4アルキル)−CRxRx−(C0−C4アルキル)、CRxRx、フェニル、−O−フェニル、第2の複素環、−O−(第2の複素環)、3,4−メチレンジオキシ、ハロ置換3,4−メチレンジオキシ、3,4−エチレンジオキシ、およびハロ置換3,4−エチレンジオキシから独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、ここでR2の任意のフェニル、飽和複素環、または第2の複素環置換基は、ハロ、C≡N、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C2アルキル、O−(ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル)、O−(C1−C4アルキル)、S−(C1−C4アルキル)、S−(ハロ置換C1−C2アルキル)、およびN(R3)(R3)から独立して選択される一つ以上の置換基により置換されていてもよく、
各R3は、水素ならびにOH、O−(C1−C4アルキル)、ハロ、NH2、NH(C1−C4アルキル)、N(C1−C4アルキル)2、NH(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、NH(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、およびN(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2の一つ以上により置換されていてもよいC1−C4アルキルから独立して選択されるか、あるいは
二つのR3は、それらが結合している窒素または炭素原子と共に、N、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから独立して選択される一つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜8員の飽和複素環を形成し、ここで二つのR3により形成される複素環は、任意の炭素原子で、OH、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、ハロ、NH2、NH(C1−C4アルキル)、N(C1−C4アルキル)2、O(C1−C4アルキル)、NH(ヒドロキシル置換C1−C4アルキル)、N(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2、N(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)(ヒドロキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、NH(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)、およびN(メトキシ置換C1−C4アルキル)2の一つ以上により置換されていてもよく、任意の置換可能な窒素原子で、C1−C4アルキルまたはハロ置換C1−C4アルキルにより置換されていてもよく、
二つのRxはそれらが結合する炭素原子と共に、4〜8員の炭素環またはN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから独立して選択される一つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい複素環を形成し、ここで前記炭素環または複素環は、任意の炭素原子で、OH、C1−C4アルキル、ハロ置換C1−C4アルキル、ハロ、およびNH2の一つ以上により置換されていてもよく、任意の置換可能な窒素原子で、C1−C4アルキルまたはハロ置換C1−C4アルキルにより置換されていてもよく、かつ
AがNである場合、Xは、C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−†、NH−CR4R5−†、C(=O)−NH−CR4R5−†、S(=O)−NH−†、S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−O−CR4R5−†、NH−†、NH−C(=S)−†、C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−†、NH−S(=O)2−†、NH−S(=O)2−NR4−†、NR4−S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)NH−†、NH−C(=O)NR4−†、NR4−C(=O)NH−†、CR4R5−NH−C(=O)−†、NH−C(=S)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)2−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−NH−†、およびCR4R5−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択され、
BがNである場合、Xは、C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−†、C(=O)−NH−CR4R5−†、S(=O)−NH−†、S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−O−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=S)−†、C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−†、NH−S(=O)2−†、NH−S(O)2−NR4−†、NR4−S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)NH−†、NH−C(=O)NR4−†、NR4−C(=O)NH−†、CR4R5−NH−C(=O)−†、NH−C(=S)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)2−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−NH−†、およびCR4R5−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択され、ここで、
†は、XがR1に結合する位置を表し、かつ
各R4およびR5は、水素、C1−C4アルキル、CF3、および(C1−C3アルキル)−CF3から独立して選択される)。 - Xが、C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−†、S(=O)−NH−†、S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−O−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=S)−†、C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−†、NH−S(=O)2−†、NH−S(=O)2−NR4−†、NR4−S(=O)2−NH−†、NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)NH−†、NH−C(=O)NR4−†、NR4−C(=O)NH−†、CR4R5−NH−C(=O)−†、NH−C(=S)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−C(=S)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)−NH−†、NH−S(=O)2−CR4R5−†、CR4R5−S(=O)2−NH−†、CR4R5−O−C(=O)−NH−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−†、NH−C(=O)−CR4R5−NH−†、およびCR4R5−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Rが、水素、ハロ、C1−C4アルキル、O−R3、および4〜8員の非芳香族複素環から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- R2が、置換されていてもよい炭素環および置換されていてもよい非芳香族複素環から選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、置換されていてもよい芳香族炭素環および置換されていてもよい非芳香族複素環から選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、置換されていてもよい非芳香族炭素環および置換されていてもよい非芳香族複素環から選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が置換されていてもよい非芳香族複素環である、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2が、R2の窒素原子により前記化合物の残りの部分に結合された、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- XがC(=O)−NH−†である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- XがNH−C(=O)−†である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- BがNである、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- AがNである、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 薬学的に許容可能な担体または希釈剤と、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の化合物とを含んでなる、医薬組成物。
- 請求項19に記載の組成物に細胞を接触させることを含んでなる、細胞中のサーチュイン−1活性を増加させる方法。
- インスリン抵抗性、代謝症候群、糖尿病、もしくはこれらの合併症に罹患しているか、罹患しやすい対象を治療する方法または対象のインスリン感受性を増加させる方法であって、請求項19に記載の組成物を、その必要のある対象に投与することを含んでなる、方法。
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