JP2014185211A - Gasoline composition - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide a gasoline composition that ensures the drivability of a vehicle equivalent to gasoline with an MD exceeding 45.0% by volume, even if the MD content, which greatly contributes to drivability, is less than 45.0% by volume. provide.
A gasoline composition having a research octane number of 89.0 or more, a sulfur content of 10 mass ppm or less, and satisfying the following formulas (1) to (4):
(1) MD ≦ 45.0% by volume
(2) LMD ≧ 21.0% by volume
(3) LD ≧ 35.0% by volume
(4) HD ≦ 25.0% by volume
(In the above formula, MD is a distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 150 ° C., LMD is a distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 100 ° C., and LD is a distillation temperature. (Distillation amount (volume%) below 70 ° C., HD indicates the distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 150 ° C. or higher.)
[Selection figure] None

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gasoline composition as a fuel for automobiles, and relates to a gasoline composition that can ensure drivability of a vehicle and can particularly eliminate shakiness even if there is little MD that greatly contributes to drivability.

  In recent years, with changes in the demand structure, changes have started to occur in gasoline production methods. Of particular note is the increase in cases in which aromatics as chemical raw materials are extracted from gasoline fractions, and fractions that become aromatics by catalytic reforming are increasing. MD (distillation amount (volume%) having a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 150 ° C.) is lowered. It is known that when the MD in gasoline decreases, the drivability of the vehicle is adversely affected (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and there is a demand for gasoline that can ensure the drivability of the vehicle even when the MD decreases.

Japanese Patent No. 4629991

  This invention provides the gasoline composition which can ensure the driving | running property of a vehicle equivalent to gasoline which MD exceeded 45.0 volume% even if MD was 45.0 volume% or less.

  As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that the problems can be solved by a gasoline composition having specific properties, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to a gasoline composition having a research octane number of 89.0 or more, a sulfur content of 10 mass ppm or less, and satisfying the following formulas (1) to (4).
(1) MD ≦ 45.0% by volume
(2) LMD ≧ 21.0% by volume
(3) LD ≧ 35.0% by volume
(4) HD ≦ 25.0% by volume
(In the above formula, MD is a distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 150 ° C., LMD is a distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 100 ° C., and LD is a distillation temperature. (Distillation amount (volume%) below 70 ° C., HD indicates the distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 150 ° C. or higher.)

In the present invention, the density at 15 ° C. is 0.700 g / cm ³ or more and 0.783 g / cm ³ or less, the 10 vol% distillation temperature (T10) is 35 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less, and 50 vol% distillation temperature ( T50) is 75 ° C. or higher and 110 ° C. or lower, and 90% by volume distillation temperature (T90) is 180 ° C. or lower.

  The present invention also relates to the gasoline composition described above, wherein the total aromatic content is 25% by volume or less and the oxygen content is 4.3% by mass or less.

  The gasoline composition of the present invention ensures the drivability of the vehicle even in gasoline with an MD of 45.0% by volume or less, and particularly has the performance of suppressing rattling.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The research octane number (RON) of the gasoline composition of the present invention is required to be 89.0 or more from the viewpoint of preventing knocking and improving drivability, and preferably 90.0 or more.
The research octane number (RON) here means a research octane number measured by JIS K 2280 “Petroleum products-fuel oil-octane number and cetane number test method and cetane index calculation method”.

The sulfur content of the gasoline composition of the present invention is required to be 10 ppm by mass or less, preferably 8 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 6 ppm by mass or less. When the sulfur content exceeds 10 ppm by mass, the performance of the exhaust gas treatment catalyst may be adversely affected, the concentration of NOx, CO, and HC in the exhaust gas may increase, and the amount of benzene emitted may also increase. It is not preferable.
In addition, the sulfur content here means a value (mass ppm) measured by JIS K 2541 “Crude oil and petroleum products—sulfur content test method”.

  The present invention is a gasoline composition that can ensure the drivability of a vehicle equivalent to gasoline having a MD fraction content exceeding 45.0% by volume even if the MD fraction content is 45.0% by volume or less. Therefore, the content of the MD fraction in the gasoline composition of the present invention is 45.0% by volume or less. Preferably they are 38.0 volume% or more and 45.0 volume% or less, More preferably, they are 39.0 volume% or more and 45.0 volume% or less. It is abundant in medium-decomposition gasoline, toluene, alkylate, and raffinate.

In the gasoline composition of the present invention, the content of the LMD fraction needs to be 21.0% by volume or more, and 21.5% by volume from the viewpoint of suppressing the drivability of the vehicle, particularly the vehicle's dullness and shortness of breath. Preferably, it is preferably 22.0% by volume or more. A large amount of LMD fraction is contained in raffinate and ETBE (ethyl-tert-butyl ether).
In addition, MD and LMD as used in the present invention are a distillation amount (volume%) of a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 150 ° C. measured in accordance with JIS K 2254 “Petroleum product-distillation test method”. This refers to the distillate amount (volume%) having a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C.

In the gasoline composition of the present invention, the content of the LD fraction needs to be 35.0% by volume or more, and 36.0% by volume or more from the viewpoint of vehicle drivability, particularly suppression of breathing. Preferably, 37.0 volume% or more is more preferable. The LD fraction is abundant in light naphtha, light cracked gasoline, and light catalytic reformed gasoline.
In addition, LD as used in the field of this invention refers to the distillate amount (volume%) below the distilling temperature of 70 degreeC measured based on JISK2254 "petroleum product-distillation test method".

The content of the HD fraction of the gasoline composition of the present invention needs to be 25.0% by volume or less, preferably 24.0% by volume or less, more preferably 23.0% by volume or less. If the content of the HD fraction exceeds 25.0% by volume, the drivability of the vehicle is affected, which is not preferable. It is abundant in heavy cracked gasoline and heavy catalytic reformed gasoline.
In addition, HD as used in the field of this invention refers to the distillate amount (volume%) whose distilling temperature is 150 degreeC or more measured based on JISK2254 "petroleum product-distillation test method".

Density at 15 ℃ gasoline compositions of the present invention is not particularly limited, is preferably 0.700 g / cm ³ or more, 0.705 g / cm ³ or more, more preferably, 0.710 g / cm ³ or more is more preferable, and 0.715 g / cm ³ or more is particularly preferable. Further is preferably 0.783g / cm ³ or less, more preferably 0.750 g / cm ³ or less, more preferably 0.730 g / cm ³ or less. If the density of the gasoline composition is less than 0.700 g / cm ³ , the fuel efficiency may be deteriorated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.783 g / cm ³ , the acceleration performance may be deteriorated and the plug may be smoldered. Each is not preferable.
In addition, the density in 15 degreeC here means the value (g / cm < ³ >) measured by JISK2249 "crude oil and petroleum products-density test method and density-mass-capacity conversion table".

Although the distillation property of the gasoline composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, the 10 volume% distillation temperature (T10), 50 volume% distillation temperature (T50), and 90 volume% distillation temperature (T90) are as follows. It is preferable that
The distillation properties (T10, T50, T90) are all values measured by JIS K 2254 “Petroleum products-distillation test method”.

  T10 of the gasoline composition of the present invention is preferably 70 ° C. or lower, more preferably 65 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 55 ° C. or lower in order to suppress a decrease in low temperature startability. On the other hand, the temperature is preferably 35 ° C. or higher, more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 45 ° C. or higher in order to suppress an increase in hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas and a decrease in high-temperature operability due to vapor lock.

  T50 of the gasoline composition of the present invention is preferably 75 ° C. or higher, more preferably 76 ° C. or higher, further preferably 78 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 80 ° C. or higher in order to suppress deterioration of fuel consumption. On the other hand, the temperature is preferably 110 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 95 ° C. or lower in order to prevent deterioration in normal temperature drivability.

  The T90 of the gasoline composition of the present invention prevents phenomena such as deterioration of low temperature and normal temperature operability when cold, increase in dilution of engine oil with gasoline, increase in hydrocarbon exhaust gas, deterioration of engine oil and generation of sludge. It is preferable that it is 180 degrees C or less from a viewpoint which can be performed, More preferably, it is 175 degrees C or less, More preferably, it is 170 degrees C or less.

The aromatic content of the gasoline composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 25% by volume or less, more preferably 24% by volume or less because there is a possibility that the combustion chamber deposit may increase. 23% by volume or less is more preferable.
The aromatic content here means the total (volume%) of each aromatic hydrocarbon content measured according to JIS K 2536 "Petroleum products-Component test method-Determination of all components by gas chromatograph". means.

  The oxygen content of the gasoline composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4.3% by mass or less, more preferably 2.7% by mass or less, and 1.3% by mass or less. Further preferred. When the oxygen content of the gasoline composition exceeds 4.3% by mass, NOx in the exhaust gas may increase, which is not preferable.

  The gasoline composition of the present invention can be prepared by blending one or two or more kinds of gasoline bases and adding a cleaning dispersant and other additives described later as desired.

As the gasoline base material used in the gasoline composition of the present invention, a gasoline base material produced by any conventionally known method can be used.
Specifically, light naphtha obtained by atmospheric distillation of heavy oil, heavy naphtha, desulfurized heavy naphtha obtained by desulfurizing heavy naphtha, catalytic cracked gasoline obtained by catalytic cracking, and catalytic cracked gasoline. Fractionating light cracked gasoline, medium cracked gasoline, heavy cracked gasoline obtained by fractional distillation, hydrocracked gasoline obtained by hydrocracking method, reformed gasoline obtained by catalytic reforming method, reformed gasoline Low-grade olefins are added to hydrocarbons such as light reformate gasoline, heavy reformate gasoline, raffinate that is the residue of aromatics extracted from reformate gasoline, polymerized gasoline obtained by polymerization of olefins, and isobutane. Alkylate obtained by (alkylation), isomerized gasoline obtained by converting light naphtha to isoparaffin using an isomerizer, denormalized water Obtained by dimerizing fin oil, butane, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, paraffin hydrocarbon compounds, naphthene hydrocarbon compounds, olefin hydrocarbon compounds, ETBE (ethyl-tert-butyl ether), and propylene, followed by hydrogenation Paraffin fraction, high-octane gasoline, synthetic crude naphtha (naphtha fraction obtained by distillation after upgrading oil sand oil by pyrolysis process, etc.), natural gas etc. are decomposed into carbon monoxide and hydrogen before FT (Fischer-Tropsch) It can manufacture by mixing 1 type, or 2 or more types of base materials, such as a light fraction of GTL (Gas to Liquids) obtained by a synthesis | combination.

The gasoline composition of the present invention may contain an oxygen-containing compound.
Examples of the oxygen-containing compound include alcohols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and ethers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of oxygen-containing compounds include ethanol, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-amyl ethyl ether. it can. Of these, ethanol, MTBE, and ETBE are preferable. In particular, in consideration of environmental effects such as carbon dioxide emission during production, ethanol derived from biomass and ETBE produced using biomass-derived ethanol as a raw material can be preferably used. Methanol is not detected when tested in accordance with JIS K 2536 “Petroleum products-component test method” (0.5% by volume) because methanol may have a high aldehyde concentration in the exhaust gas and is corrosive. It is preferable that
In addition, since these oxygen-containing compounds are originally contained in the raw material, the content is determined in the process of preparing a fuel composition having the desired properties by mixing one or more gasoline base materials. As long as it does not exceed the oxygen content of the gasoline composition described in.

The gasoline composition of the present invention may contain a cleaning dispersant.
As the detergent / dispersant, a commonly used detergent / dispersant can be used. For example, compounds known as gasoline detergent / dispersants such as succinimide, polyalkylamine, and polyetheramine can be used. Among these, those having no residue when pyrolysis is performed at 300 ° C. in air are desirable. Preferably, polyisobutenylamine and / or polyetheramine is used. Intake valve deposits can be prevented by the addition of a cleaning dispersant.
The content of the cleaning dispersant is preferably 25 to 1000 mg / L based on the total amount of the gasoline composition, more preferably 50 to 500 mg / L from the viewpoint of preventing intake valve deposits, and 100 to 300 mg / L. More preferably, it is L.

Examples of other fuel oil additives that can be added to the gasoline composition of the present invention include N, N′-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N′-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, Metal inertness such as antioxidants such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and hindered phenols, and amine carbonyl condensation compounds such as N, N′-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane Agents, surface ignition inhibitors such as organic phosphorus compounds, anti-freezing agents such as polyhydric alcohols or ethers thereof, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, auxiliary alcohols such as higher alcohol sulfates, anionic Antistatic agents such as surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, colorants such as azo dyes, organic carboxylic acids or These derivatives, rust preventives such as alkenyl succinic acid esters, draining agents such as sorbitan esters, discriminating agents such as kirizanine and coumarin, odorants such as natural essential oil synthetic fragrances, higher carboxylic acid monoglycerides and higher carboxylic acids Examples include friction modifiers such as a mixture of acid amide compounds.
One or more of these additives can be added, and the total addition amount is preferably 0.1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the gasoline composition.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3]
Base materials such as alkylate, toluene, light cracked gasoline, medium cracked gasoline, heavy cracked gasoline, light reformed gasoline, heavy reformed gasoline, ETBE are blended in the proportions shown in Table 2, and Examples 1-4 And the test fuels of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared. Table 1 shows the properties of the base materials used, Table 2 shows the proportions of the base materials, and Table 3 shows the properties of the prepared test fuels and comparative examples.

(Property measurement)
The properties of the test fuels in the examples and comparative examples were measured by the following method.
(1) The octane number (RON) is a research octane number measured by JIS K 2280 “Petroleum products-fuel oil-octane number and cetane number test method and cetane index calculation method”.
(2) The sulfur content is a value measured according to JIS K 2541 “Crude oil and petroleum products—Sulfur content test method”.
(3) The density at 15 ° C. is a value measured according to JIS K 2249 “Crude oil and petroleum products—density test method and density / mass / capacity conversion table”.
(4) Distillation properties (T10, T50, T90) are all values measured according to JIS K 2254 "Petroleum products-Distillation test method".
(5) LMD, LD, MD, and HD are the distillate amount (volume%) and distillate at a distilling temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 100 ° C., respectively, measured according to JIS K 2254 “Petroleum products-distillation test method”. A distillate amount (volume%) having a distillation temperature of less than 70 ° C., a distillate amount (volume%) having a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 150 ° C., and a distillate amount (volume%) having a distillation temperature of 150 ° C. or more.

(Drivability evaluation)
Using the following vehicles A and B, according to the running pattern based on the CRC method described in “CRC Report No. 483”, the drivability is evaluated when driving at a low temperature condition of 10 ° C. test temperature. Calculated. The evaluation content is calculated from the coefficient demerit evaluation score for each evaluation item shown in Table 4 and the coefficient corresponding to the evaluation content shown in Table 5, and finally, "Evaluation score" x "Coefficient" is calculated. did. The CRC demerit point means that the smaller the numerical value, the better the drivability. The disadvantages obtained for each test fuel are shown in Table 3 together with the only disadvantages shown in Table 5 and the total disadvantages of all evaluation items shown in Table 5.

(Test vehicle A)
Engine A: Inline 3-cylinder SOHC
Displacement: 658cc
Injection method: Port injection type Mission: Automatic transmission (Test vehicle B)
Engine B: Inline 3-cylinder DOHC
Displacement: 996cc
Injection system: Port injection system Mission: Automatic transmission

  From the test results of Table 3, it can be seen that when the gasoline of the present invention (Examples 1 to 4) is used, the CRC demerit evaluation score is low and the drivability is excellent as compared with the fuels of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

  The gasoline composition of the present invention has excellent drivability as well as gasoline whose MD exceeds 45% by volume.

Claims (3)

A gasoline composition having a research octane number of 89.0 or more, a sulfur content of 10 ppm by mass or less, and satisfying the following formulas (1) to (4):
(1) MD ≦ 45.0% by volume
(2) LMD ≧ 21.0% by volume
(3) LD ≧ 35.0% by volume
(4) HD ≦ 25.0% by volume
(In the above formula, MD is a distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 150 ° C., LMD is a distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 70 ° C. or more and less than 100 ° C., and LD is a distillation temperature. (Distillation amount (volume%) below 70 ° C., HD indicates the distillation amount (volume%) at a distillation temperature of 150 ° C. or higher.) Density at 15 ° C. is 0.700 g / cm ³ or more and 0.783 g / cm ³ or less, 10% by volume distillation temperature (T10) is 35 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less, and 50% by volume distillation temperature (T50) is 75 ° C. or more. The gasoline composition according to claim 1, wherein the gasoline composition has a temperature of 110 ° C. or less and a 90% by volume distillation temperature (T90) of 180 ° C. or less.   The gasoline composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total aromatic content is 25% by volume or less and the oxygen content is 4.3% by mass or less.