JP2014127751A - Antenna, communication management system and communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a thin and small antenna that is not affected even when directly attached to a metal surface or in the vicinity of the metal surface, has good radiation efficiency, and a communication management system and communication system using the antenna. With the goal.
A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and an insulator having a predetermined thickness is sandwiched between the plurality of metal surfaces to form a parallel plate transmission line with the plurality of metal surfaces. A slot having a slot length of about ½ wavelength and an appropriate length H-shaped or U-shaped open portion are cut out on the metal surface of the metal surface, and the impedance of the transmission line feeding part is lower than the slot or slit. An antenna, comprising: a power feeding portion for connecting both ends of a plurality of metal surfaces to each other at a predetermined position in the slot so that both ends of the plurality of metal surfaces are short-circuited so as to have infinite impedance.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention is an electromagnetic wave antenna used in the field of VHF, UHF, SHF band communication antennas, etc., and is particularly a flat antenna attached to a metal object or an object with moisture. The present invention relates to an antenna having an antenna structure, a communication management system using the antenna, and a communication system.

  In VHF, UHF, and SHF band communications currently used for mobile phones, tablet mobile terminals, IC cards, RFID tags, etc., rod-shaped dipole antenna, printed antenna, patch antenna, magnetic antenna, 1/4 wavelength A slot antenna or the like is generally used. A slot antenna having a half-wave slit formed on a metal surface is also common. When these antennas are used near a metal surface or attached to a metal surface, the radiation is reduced or the efficiency of the antenna itself is deteriorated. For this reason, in many cases, the metal surface is used apart from the metal surface in order to eliminate the influence of the metal surface.

  Although the dipole antenna and the slot antenna have the same weak points from this point, the difference is decisively different in the case of a dipole antenna. Is that the upper and lower surfaces are completely separated by a metal surface. Utilizing these characteristics, or using an electric current and electric field, the excitation electric field is not affected by others, the radiation surface itself is composed of a metal surface, the radiation surface of the slot portion is constructed on this metal surface, and the slot length Can generate resonance with a length of about half a wavelength, can generate a strong electric field in the slot, and can flow current due to the generation of induced voltage on the metal surface, and this metal surface current can be used. It can be used as a part of the antenna.

  In addition, the following technologies and patent applications have been made as prior art.

  Some metal-compatible antennas have an IC mounted in the slot and a metal plate sandwiched between them, but there are also thick dielectrics that cannot be escaped from the effect of the metal surface and separated from the metal surface. . In addition, there is one in which one end is short-circuited so as to eliminate the influence of the lower metal surface, but since the portion close to the slot is opened, the influence of the lower metal surface cannot be removed. On the other hand, when there is no metal surface, the current line for radiating the slot is short, and only one side is radiated, which is inconvenient for exciting the electric field. In the case of reception, the induced voltage of the incoming electric field due to the incoming wave is also reduced, and therefore the excitation voltage of the slot portion is also reduced. There are metal-compatible slot antennas with a quarter-wave slot with high impedance, but there are problems such as matching and radioactivity.

  In addition, there is an antenna in which a conductive antenna and a magnetic antenna are combined, but the configuration is only complicated.

  A number of patent applications have been filed for slot antennas and dipole combination antennas, waveguide-type cavity antennas with slot sections cut, and general slot antennas such as half-wave slots and quarter-wave slots that are not metal-compatible. ing. A patent application has also been made for a strip antenna.

JP-A-10-145126 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-218048 JP 2006-114982 A JP 2005-203829 A JP 2009-017282 A JP 2010-109692 A JP 2009-164145 A JP 2009-251974 A JP 2008-123222 A JP 2007-272264 A Special table 2009-540715

  A slot or dipole slot (generally referred to as a “slot”) is cut directly on a metal surface made of metal foil or metal plate, and the antenna can be used as an antenna, or an antenna can be directly attached to an animal or metal body. There is a demand for an antenna having a structure, or a structure in which a metal surface or a human body is not in contact with the antenna even if the metal surface or the human body is in contact with the antenna, and the metal surface or the human body is actively used.

  In addition, it is ideal if the shape of the slot part can be configured according to the size and shape of the metal surface and radiation can be controlled, and even though there is a metal surface behind it, it is not affected and metal A slot antenna that can be attached to any object can be realized as long as it can be configured so as to be able to operate even if it is not.

  Since the slot antenna itself can be used for both transmission and reception, when an IC is placed on this, the IC is operated with the power and signal received at the slot, and the so-called passive type can retransmit the IC signal. IC tag or RFID configuration is possible. An active IC tag or RFID configuration that supplies voltage to the IC is also possible. When power is always supplied to the IC, such as an antenna of an active IC tag, the communication distance can be reduced by the radiation characteristics of the slot antenna. Since it can be extended, the application range can be expanded. This is a problem of how to use the slot antenna, and if it can be configured with a metal surface that can be used for both purposes, the performance of the antenna itself is not affected.

  In addition, although the shape, size, and thickness of the antenna body are one of the objects of the present invention, the antenna cannot be operated simply by reducing the size or the thickness.

  The present invention takes a system that operates even when directly attached to a metal surface, takes a system that is not affected even if there is a metal surface, and takes measures to configure a thin, small antenna with good radiation efficiency, Attached to devices and objects with metal bodies and metal plates, such as antennas for automobiles, etc., mobile phones including PCs and smartphones, tablet-type mobile terminals, etc. It aims at solving the said subject by the universal slot antenna (Universal Slot Antenna: USA) which is an antenna which can communicate without being influenced, and a communication system (Universal Slot Antenna Communication System: USACS) using the same.

  Furthermore, the present invention is used for animals such as metal, water, humans, etc. Of course, an object of the present invention is to provide an antenna that can be used anywhere without being disturbed by others, a communication management system using the antenna, and a communication system. To do.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (5).

(1) A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and a parallel plate transmission line is configured by the plurality of metal surfaces by sandwiching an insulator having a predetermined thickness between the plurality of metal surfaces.
A slot having a slot length of about ½ wavelength, an appropriate length H-shape, or an open portion having a U-shape is cut out on an arbitrary metal surface of the plurality of metal surfaces,
Both ends of the plurality of metal surfaces are short-circuited by a short-circuited metal surface so that the lower impedance at the power supply unit of the transmission line becomes infinite impedance with respect to the slot or slit, and further supplied to a predetermined position of the slot. An antenna having a power feeding portion for connecting an electric wire.

(2) A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and a parallel plate transmission line is configured by the plurality of metal surfaces by sandwiching an insulator having a predetermined thickness between the plurality of metal surfaces.
A slot having a ½ wavelength slot length or a slit having an appropriate length is cut out on an arbitrary metal surface of the plurality of metal surfaces, and a power feeding unit for connecting a power feeding line to a predetermined position of the slot is further provided. ,
The antenna, wherein the other parallel-plate transmission line on the metal surface is disposed so as to have an infinite impedance with respect to the slot.

(3) A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and a parallel plate transmission line is configured by the plurality of metal surfaces by sandwiching an insulator having a predetermined thickness between the plurality of metal surfaces,
A slot having a 1/4 wavelength slot length or a slit having an appropriate length is cut out on an arbitrary metal surface of the plurality of metal surfaces, and an infinite impedance is provided at both ends of the transmission line with respect to the slot. An antenna, comprising: a power feeding portion for connecting both ends of the plurality of metal surfaces to each other at a predetermined position of the slot;

  (4) The antenna according to any one of (1) to (3) is mounted on a metal device, a transported object, a vehicle, an aircraft, an object including moisture, and performs communication and management. Communication management system with an antenna.

  (5) An antenna characterized in that a signal detected by the antenna according to any one of (1) to (3) is accessed and managed and controlled by accessing a computer or server via a network. Communication system used.

  In the universal slot antenna of the present invention and its application and communication management system, a slot antenna or a slot dipole antenna with good radiation efficiency is configured, and a plurality of slots are formed on a single metal surface or a plurality of metal surfaces opposed to each other. By adopting a structure that eliminates the influence of the metal plate close to the transmission line, a standing wave type configuration is constructed in the transmission line so that the effect does not occur even if the antenna itself is made thinner. By creating an infinite impedance state that suppresses the influence of the surroundings, the communication sensitivity can be built high. If a slot antenna with good communication sensitivity can be configured, an IC tag, IC card, RFID, or the like equipped with an IC can be made as an application.

  The present invention adopts a method that can be directly mounted on a metal surface or is not affected even if the metal surface is in the vicinity, and has taken measures to configure a thin and small slot antenna with good radiation efficiency, aircraft, automobile Attached to devices and objects with metal bodies and metal plates such as mobile phones such as PCs and smartphones, tablet terminals, etc., and are not affected by the metal of the device. A universal slot antenna (USA) that enables communication and a communication system (Universal Slot Antenna Communication System: USACS) using the antenna can be provided.

Diagram for comparing half-wave dipole antennas with half-wave and quarter-wave slot antennas A first diagram showing an example in which a slot cut in a substantially central portion of a planar metal surface and a feeding portion of a slot dipole antenna are attached, and an example in which a λe / 4 line is connected to one side of the slot portion A second view showing an example in which a slot cut in a substantially central portion of a planar metal surface and a feeding portion of a slot dipole antenna are attached, and an example in which a λe / 4 line is connected to one side of the slot portion The figure which shows the method for supplying power to the slot part of the metal surface with the coaxial line and matching the power supply line to the slot part with the matching circuit of the power supply part When a transmission line is provided with a radiation surface for making the metal surface a slot antenna and a back surface of the metal surface for making the other surface the infinite impedance of the feeding part with a parallel plate line, it also has the characteristics of the transmission line Diagram showing an infinite line system to make a metal object shielding circuit and a diagram showing wideband characteristics by synthesis Illustration of transmission line on one side and transmission line on both sides Explanatory diagram for controlling reactance component of slot or line thickness Explanatory drawing showing the principle of the method of reducing the parallel plate transmission line width and the electric field distribution by the slot and the electric field distribution of the transmission line, etc. Excitation method of slot, electric field and excitation current, explanation of transmission line current, utilization method of upper and lower metal surface transmission line, installation place of power feeding part, first explanatory diagram of slot of upper and lower metal surface, open end separation line, etc. Second excitation diagram of slot excitation method, electric field, excitation current, description of transmission line current, usage method of upper and lower metal surface transmission line, installation location of power feeding part, upper metal surface slot and open end separation line, etc. Diagram showing various shapes of slot Illustration of 2-sided slot structure First explanatory diagram of a multilayer slot structure Second explanatory diagram of multilayer slot structure An explanatory diagram for reducing the width and length of a track when a certain length is determined like a card and a diagram showing an implementation method The figure which shows the example of the slot antenna miniaturized by folding in two FIG. 1 is a first diagram showing a method for practical downsizing and a method for compensating for an excitation current and a shortened transmission line. The 2nd figure which shows the method for compensating for shortening of the method for size reduction, excitation current, and a transmission line in practical use Diagram showing how to install a universal slot antenna on a metal surface 1st figure which shows the example at the time of arranging two or more slot parts on the same metal surface 2nd figure which shows the example at the time of arranging two or more slot parts on the same metal surface 3rd figure which shows the example at the time of arranging two or more slot parts on the same metal surface The figure which shows the case where the universal slot antenna of a present Example is used for a mobile phone or a tablet. The figure which shows the case where the universal slot antenna of a present Example is used for PC or a tablet. The figure which shows the case where the universal slot antenna of a present Example is used for a camera. Illustration of multistage antenna Illustration of multistage antenna with dipole Explanatory drawing of the communication system which manages the signal by the universal slot antenna of a present Example using the antenna for transmission / reception by a server Explanatory drawing when the universal slot antenna of this embodiment is used for managing parts and solids of vehicles and airplanes Explanatory drawing when the universal slot antenna of this embodiment is used for animal management

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

  The universal slot antenna of the present invention, its application, and a specific example of a communication system will be described with reference to the drawings. In the text, the standard of dimensions is represented by the spatial wavelength λ or the electrical length (λe).

  FIG. 1 shows a comparison between a normal dipole antenna and a slot antenna.

  FIG. 1A shows an example of a dipole antenna, and FIG. 1B shows an example of a slot antenna. In the figure, E represents an electric field, and H represents a magnetic field. The dipole antenna and the slot antenna are in a complementary relationship, and the electric field E and the magnetic field H generated in both antennas similarly indicate a complementary relationship. Is the theorem.

  The slot 2 cut in the metal surface Ms has a hollow structure, and the slot width ω of the slot 2 is equivalent to twice the diameter 2ρ of the dipole, that is, has a complementary relationship of ω = 4ρ, and the dipole length l and the slot length l They are also complementary. In particular, although the size of the metal surface of the impedance characteristic of the dipole antenna is theoretically infinite, it is actually a finite length, and thus the flowing current is affected. Therefore, strictly speaking, the directivity is slightly different.

In the figure, the current line constituted by the metal surface Ms is formed in the same X-axis direction as the current I flowing in the direction perpendicular to the slot 2, and the length of the current line is 2X ₁ (± X ₁ ), the width of the metal surface Ms in the Y-axis direction will be described as the width W of the transmission line. The electromagnetic wave propagates along a transmission line composed of a metal wire or a metal surface of the antenna, generates an electric field E, and generates and receives a magnetic field H in the Y-axis direction.

FIG. 1C shows a well-known dipole antenna with an infinitely thin line (radius ρ≈0) and a half-wavelength λ / 2, and its input impedance Z _D = 73 + j42.5Ω. It has been known. In contrast, shows an input impedance Z _S of the slot antenna are complementary in FIG 1 (d).

The slot antenna of FIG. 1D corresponds to the dipole antenna shown in FIG. 1C, and has an infinitely narrow slot width ω = 4ρ = 0, and the input impedance in this case is Z _S = 364−j212Ω. . The relationship between the input impedances of the slot antenna and the dipole antenna is based on Babine's theorem indicating a complementary relationship. If the propagation velocity V _{C of} light or radio waves in free space, the characteristic impedance Z _C is expressed as follows and can be calculated.

となり、ダイポールアンテナに比べてスロットアンテナの入力インピーダンスＺ_Ｓの方が、放射抵抗成分Ｒ_Ｓが３６４Ωと高くなり、またリアクタンス成分Ｘ_Ｓはキャパシティブになり、かつ２１２Ωと高い値を示すことになる。

Therefore, compared with the dipole antenna, the input impedance Z _S of the slot antenna has a higher radiation resistance component R _S of 364Ω, and the reactance component X _S becomes capacitive and shows a higher value of 212Ω.

In particular, since the radiation resistance component _RS is too high in the central portion of the slot 2 compared to the dipole antenna, a transformer portion (matching circuit) that performs impedance conversion is used when supplying power, or the end of the slot 2 described later is used. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the transmission line, its input impedance Zs, and the mounting position of the power feeding section 3 by determining the mounting position of the power feeding section. Since the slit structure is close to the antiresonance point where the voltage is maximum and the current is minimum at a quarter wavelength from the end, it is easily imagined that the resistance becomes high.

  However, in an actual dipole antenna, if the length of each element is exactly ½ wavelength, impedance matching with the feeder line becomes difficult due to the inductive impedance (positive imaginary component). It is common to use a dipole antenna having a configuration in which the impedance is reduced to a pure resistance component to be matched. The ratio of shortening the length of each element at that time is defined as the shortening rate.

As a specific example shown in FIG. 1E, in a dipole antenna slightly shorter than half wavelength (λ / 2) (l = 0.475λ), the input impedance of the dipole antenna is Z _D = 67 + j0Ω, and the antenna itself has a radiation resistance. Only the component (R _D = 67Ω) is present, resulting in a resonance state. If the diameter of the dipole antenna at this time is 2ρ, then 2ρ = λ / 100 = 0.01λ and ρ = λ / 200 = 0.005λ.

FIG. 1 (f) shows the case of a slot antenna having a similar relationship to the dipole antenna shown in FIG. 1 (e). Since the reactance component is zero in the resonance state, only the resistance component Rs is obtained, and the input impedance Z _S = The resistance value is as high as 530Ω. Therefore, in the case of the slot antenna, the impedance characteristic is higher than that of the dipole antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to consider impedance matching close to 10: 1 for matching with the feeder 3 (generally 50Ω coaxial cable). In some cases, a transformer unit that performs impedance conversion must be used when power is supplied. The slot width ω of the slot antenna is ω = 4ρ, and 4ρ = 4λ / 200 = 0.02λ, and the slot width ω is four times the radius ρ of the dipole antenna.

  As described above, the electric field E is applied to the slot antenna formed of the metal surface Ms which is not easily affected by the surroundings and the dipole antenna which is easily affected by the surroundings (particularly, the influence of the metal surface and water). The differences in magnetic field H, impedance characteristics, and operation modes have been described.

Next, FIG. 1G illustrates a half-size slot antenna in which a U-shaped opening (OM) having a similar relationship with a monopole antenna having a single element is formed. In the case of the half size in which the transmission line of the slot antenna is halved, the structure is a half of the half-wave slot, so that the input impedance Z _Sh is twice the input impedance Z _Sh = 240π compared to the λ / 2 half-wave slot. It is known that / Z _D = 2Z _S (about 1000Ω).

  When a quarter wavelength transmission line is used, it is advantageous that the width W of the transmission line can be further reduced as shown in FIG. 10C and FIG. Therefore, the apparent input impedance due to the quarter wavelength (λ / 4) of the transmission line must be increased. However, as shown in the graph of FIG. 4D, which will be described later, the high impedance range (about θ = 90 °) of the transmission line of ¼ wavelength (0.5 tan θ) is considerably narrowed, which is difficult to realize. Yes.

  In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, the slot 2 is provided with a U-shaped opening (OM) by cutting off the metal surface (W / 2) of one of the slots as shown in FIG. In addition, the current is cut off. This U-shaped opening (OM) has a configuration in which the direction of the U-shaped opening (OM), that is, the metal, in addition to radiation in two directions perpendicular to the metal surface Ms of a normal slot antenna, It has radiation characteristics in three directions that can also radiate in the horizontal direction with respect to the surface Ms. This method is particularly effective when the slot antennas described later are overlapped.

  Next, the frequency used is in various bands, but the most frequently used frequencies are the 900 MHz band (wavelength of about 333 mm and 1/2 wavelength of 166 mm) and the 920 MHz band (wavelength of about 326 mm and 1/2 wavelength) of the UHF band. 163 mm), 1600 MHz band (wavelength of about 187 mm, 1/2 wavelength of 90 mm), 1800 MHz (wavelength of about 166 mm, 1/2 wavelength of 83 mm), 2.45 GHz band (wavelength of 122.4 mm, 1/2 wavelength of 61.2 mm), 5 .7 GHz band (wavelength 52.6 mm, 1/2 wavelength 26.3 mm), 500 to 700 MHz band (wavelength 600 to 429 mm, 1/2 wavelength 300 to 215 mm) The wavelength λ becomes shorter or longer depending on the operating frequency.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to make the size of the antenna easy to understand, the frequency f = 920 MHz band (wavelength 326 mm), mainly 700 MHz band (wavelength 429 mm), 1600 MHz band (wavelength 187 mm), 2.45 GHz band (wavelength 122). .4 mm) will be described as an example.

  The slot length l and slot width ω of the slot 2 constituting the universal slot antenna and the configuration of the matching circuit, transmission line length, and line length depending on the frequency, which will be described later, are functions of the wavelength λ. Thickness that sandwiches will also change. In particular, the thickness (the height h of the transmission line) seems to be irrelevant to the frequency related to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, as will be described later, but is also related to the control of the slot length l, the width W of the transmission line, etc. Therefore, the actual configuration is an important factor for downsizing and thinning.

In general, when the frequency is increased and the wavelength λ is shortened, the miniaturization proceeds in proportion to the wavelength λ, and the transmission line width W and transmission line height h (which are sandwiched between the transmission line and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line described later) are sandwiched. The ratio τ = W / h to the thickness of the insulator is a main factor. For example, can the characteristic impedance Z _O is thinner height h also 1/2 of the width W is the transmission line if a half of the same if the transmission line, it is possible to the characteristic impedance constant, wavelength It can be seen that a similar relationship is established as in λ.

を増大させ、伝送線路を薄く幅も狭く構成し、かつ、短縮率

もかかって更に短縮することができる。 In addition, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line due to the magnetic material sandwiched as an insulator described later

The transmission line is made thin and narrow, and the shortening rate

It can be further shortened.

For then feeding method, by connecting directly or indirectly to the same feed line (typically 50Ω coaxial cable) into the slot 2 of the metal surface M _1, describes a method to function as a universal slot antenna in FIG. 2 .

In order for the slot length l of the slot 2 to be in a resonance state, it is basically set to approximately l = 0.475λ shorter than the half wavelength (λ / 2) described in FIG. since the reactance component into the parallel, by the addition of the length adjustment and matching of the line length 2X _1, it is necessary to determine as appropriate impedance-matched. In addition, the slot length l is reduced, or loading is performed as described later, or the slot 2 is bent to shorten the length of the slot 2 in the Y-axis direction to about 1/2 to 1/10. In some cases, the length in the direction is increased, and it is difficult to set the actual slot length l. Therefore, in order to simplify the description in the figure, the description will be made assuming that the slot length l≈λ / 2 = 0.5λ (half wavelength). As described above, the slot width ω of the slot 2 is ω = 2ρ (diameter of a dipole antenna having a similar relationship). The shortening rate is about 0.66 times in the case of PE, Teflon (registered trademark) or the like.

<Mounting method of slot antenna feeding part>
Perspective view of FIG. 2 (a) shows the mounting position of the feeding portion 3 and 3 ', the metal surface M slot length formed in ₁ l, at a predetermined position of the slot 2 of the slot width omega, the feed line (50 [Omega coaxial Cable: Co-ax.C) is connected directly or indirectly to the feeders 3, 3 ′ on both sides of the slot 2 so that the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the feeder line cross over the slot 2. The size of the metal surface M _{1 from} which the slot 2 is cut is determined by the width W of the parallel transmission line, which is the length of one side of the metal surface M _{1 in} the Y-axis direction, and the length of one side of the metal surface M _{1 in} the X-axis direction. The length is 2X ₁ (line length of the transmission line), and the slot 2 is arranged at substantially the center of the length in the X-axis direction, that is, at the position of the length X ₁ of the transmission line on one side.

In the case of transmission, a current flows in the X-axis direction and both sides of the slot, and becomes a current that induces a radiation electric field and a voltage of an electric field that excites the slot 2. Therefore, the line length 2X ₁ of the transmission line also or higher induced voltage in slot 2, it is important to excite the radiation field. In the case of reception, in order to induce a voltage of 2X ₁ · E along the line length 2X ₁ of the transmission line of the metal surface M ₁ or to cause a current to flow by the incoming electric field E, a predetermined line length in the X-axis direction is used. transmission line 2X ₁ is required. Length of the transmission line PTL described later also related to line length 2X ₁ of this transmission line. FIG.2 (b) is the figure seen from the front.

Since the vicinity of 1000MHz is 2μ about the skin depth, the thickness of the metal surface _{M 1} is so large not affect, in a metal plate or a metal foil used, normally the thickness is used about 0.001~0.1mm What is actually used for the metal surface in this example is a laminate film using aluminum or copper foil of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. The metal surface M1 may not be a metal foil but may be formed by vapor deposition, coating, printing, or paint, and a thicker plate material or other metal plate such as brass, stainless steel, iron, or the like can be used. Therefore, the material used for the metal surface and the thickness thereof are appropriately selected according to the specification and do not limit the present invention.

  In the case of vapor deposition, the thickness is about 0.001 mm, and can be made quite thin for practical use. If it is thinner than the skin depth, the resistance and loss will increase somewhat, but there is no problem in use. As shown in the figure, the position where the power feeding unit 3 is attached to the slot 2 is provided with power feeding units 3 and 3 'between about 1/2 to 1/20 of the slot length l to connect the power feeding line. As described with reference to FIG. 1 for the power feeding unit 3, when a power feeding line is attached to the center portion of the slot 2 having a high input impedance, impedance conversion as in the transformer unit is necessary. In some cases, matching is required to achieve a resonance state in which the reactance component becomes zero even if matching is performed. Since matching is related to the resistance of the power feeding unit 3 and the resistance of the slot 2 for matching, the matching will be described later. The slot length l, the position where the power feeding unit 3 is attached to the slot 2, the short-circuit line length, It is necessary to adjust the length of the wiring path such as the transformer length.

FIG. 2 (c) shows that when the electromagnetic wave is radiated from the slot 2 cut into the metal surfaces M _1, which is symmetric radiation P _1, P ₂ in both upper and lower sides of the metal surface M ₁ is performed The same applies to reception. Therefore, above or below the metal surface M _1, the front surface or the back surface, the transmission line that is formed radiated or received from the slot 2 in either direction is performed, the feeding section 3 connected to the slot 2, A voltage is supplied between 3 ', a current flows through the feed line (Co-ax.C), and power is supplied to the transmission line. In the case of transmission, the slot 2 is excited, and power is radiated P ₁ and P ₂ in the vertical direction of the metal surface M ₁ . As described with reference to FIG. 1, since the power supply at the center of the slot has a high impedance, it must be matched with 50Ω using a transformer.

FIG. 2 (d) to form a metal surface M _T of the length of a quarter wavelength convex to the downward half-wavelength slot 2, the provision of the parallel plate transmission line which is a trap structure having a reflection function Accordingly, the lower constitutes a transmission line of infinite impedance shows a case where the radiation P ₁ twice only above. Since the power radiated in the vertical direction is radiated only upward due to the reflection of the downward radiation, the upper radiated power P ₁ is doubled (2P ₁ ). Therefore, in this case, instead of having directivity, the antenna gain is doubled and a gain of 3 dB or more can be obtained. A gain of 3 dB higher than that of such a dipole antenna is obtained, and the characteristics of the conventional dipole antenna, which was supposed to decrease the antenna gain on the adjacent metal surface, are significantly improved, and a negative factor is added. It turns out that it is a factor.

  FIG. 2 (e) shows an embodiment of an antenna shape close to a strip antenna by modification of an H-shaped slot or an H-shaped slot. FIG. 2E shows a case where power is supplied through a coaxial line, and FIG. 2F shows a case where an IC is connected when used for an IC tag or the like. When the length of the periphery of the H-shaped slot or slit is ½ wavelength and the total length of the slit is ¼ wavelength, almost the same current flows as the slot antenna, but the length of the periphery of the slit Is one wavelength, the total length of both sides of the slit is one wavelength, and when the total length of the four slits on both sides of the strip antenna is two wavelengths, a zero phase current similar to that of the folded antenna is generated. Since the effect of radiation by the phase current and the effect of increasing the impedance also appear, it cannot be said to be a slot antenna. As shown in FIG. 8, the currents on both sides of the slot are positive-phase currents flowing along the slot cuts, but each of the four sides having a total length of two wavelengths has a quarter wavelength slit. In the case of a strip antenna that is the center of antenna excitation, a zero-phase current is excited as the current in the sub-lines on both sides. This is the same even when a radiation element by the side or sub line shown in FIGS. 2G and 2H is added, and the radiation becomes easier. If the metal surface is very large compared to the wavelength and slot length and has a size and width that can sufficiently excite the radiated electric field, FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b), (c), (d) straight slots However, when a slit is cut in a metal having a narrow width, as shown in FIGS. 2 (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) Sufficient excitation can be obtained by cutting a simple slot or slit and adopting a method that allows excitation even when the width is narrow. The method according to FIG. 1 (g) has been performed conventionally.

  FIGS. 2 (g) and 2 (h) show a case where sub-lines are provided on both wings of the H-shaped slits of FIGS. 2 (e) and 2 (f). If this sub line is not provided, the entire metal surface becomes an inductive current, and works in a direction to block the radiation current of the main line.

  Therefore, if the width of the first slit is wide, it is less likely to be affected by the current that hinders 180 ° phase radiation. However, when a sub-line is provided as shown in FIGS. 2 (g) and (h), a zero-phase current flows through the sub-line in the same manner as the folded antenna, and is in phase with the current of the radiating antenna. Will help radiation.

  In the case of FIG. 2 (g), the case where it supplies with a coaxial cable is shown, and in the case of FIG. 2 (h), the case where an IC chip is connected is shown.

  2 (i) and 2 (j) show a case of a U-shaped slot, that is, a slot on only one side of an H-shaped slot.

  Since only one side is provided, the slit length is ½ wavelength and the slit peripheral length is the same as in the case of the straight slot, and only one wavelength is obtained by simply attaching a quarter wavelength slit to both sides.

  FIG. 2 (i) shows a case where power is supplied by a coaxial cable, and FIG. 2 (j) shows a case where an IC is attached.

  2 (k) and 2 (l) show the case of a T-shaped slot or a T-shaped slit.

  The quarter-wave slit in FIG. 1 (g) is open at the top so that it is not obstructed by the upper metal, but when a slit is provided in the metal surface, it has a high impedance in the same way as the open end of infinite impedance. Therefore, a case is shown in which chokes by quarter wavelength slits are provided on both sides to produce the same effect as an open end due to infinite impedance. FIG. 2 (k) shows a case where excitation is performed with a coaxial cable, and FIG. 2 (l) shows a case where an IC is attached.

The embodiments of FIGS. 2 (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) are particularly effective for narrow metal plates and will be described later. In the parallel plate transmission path using the metal surface M ₂ below, when a thin antenna is formed by a thin strip antenna, the ratio τ = W / h between the metal strip W and the parallel plate thickness h is reduced as described later. Therefore, an H-shaped slot, a U-shaped slot, a T-shaped slot, etc. are effective because it helps to increase the characteristic resistance Z _{0 of the} line.

These strip-like slots are also used on the single surface M _1, or the metal surface of the upper surface of the metal surface M ₁ and the lower surface metal surface M ₂ connected by being short-circuited at both ends M ₃ and M ₄ of the line. It can also be used as a parallel plate line antenna for metal bodies.

  Next, an example of a method for obtaining matching according to the wiring length of the matching circuit when the power feeding unit 3 is attached to the slot antenna shown in FIG. 3 will be described. However, the correction by the inductance L and the capacitance C of the matching circuit will be described later with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3 (a), a cross-sectional view that slot 2 is turned off (c) the metal surface _{M 1.} A part of the notch of the power feeding portion of the slot 2 is raised, brought into contact with the intercess connection terminals 5 and 5 'of the substrate 4, and the protrusions 11 and 11' are fixed so as not to come off by caulking. shows how to connect the 2 and the feeding section 3 and the matching circuit of the coaxial cable connecting terminals 5, 5 of the substrate 4 carrying the (matching ciruit) 'the metal surface _{M 1.} The connection between the metal surface M ₁ and the connection terminals 5 and 5 ′ of the substrate 4 can be stopped with rivets, etc., but in the case of contact with different metals, contact due to metal potential difference occurs, resulting in contact failure You must use a metal that does not. For example, brass is relatively stable against iron and aluminum. When the slot 2 is cut using an iron plate on the metal surface M1, it is possible to withstand long-term use by applying a rust-proofing treatment by plating or the like after cutting.

であるので、両側の線路６と線路６′とに分けて考え、半分の特性インピーダンス１６２．８Ωの線路６及び線路６′のインピーダンス変換回路（トランスフォーマ部）を介して接続されるとスロット部２の入力インピーダンスＺ_Ｓ＝５３０Ω（Ｚ_Ｓｈ１０６０Ω）が給電部３で５０Ω（片側では２５Ω）に変換されて給電線（５０Ω同軸ケーブル）とのインピーダンス整合を取ることができる。 3B and 3D are views of the substrate 4 as viewed from above. Feeding part provided in the metal surface M _1, i.e. projections 11 and 11 and 'connecting terminals 5,5 of the substrate 4 by' but is connected by crimping crimping or soldering or conductive paints, terminal 5 of the board 4, The wavelength 6,6 'connecting the terminals 7 and 7' to which the 5 'and the power feeding part 3 are attached functions as an impedance conversion circuit (transformer part). Is approximately 200 mm in the balanced conversion using the U-balun coaxial cable connected between the terminals 7 and 7 ′, and the characteristic impedance Z _T of the impedance conversion circuit (transformer section) is

Therefore, if the line 6 and the line 6 'on both sides are considered separately, and the line 6 having the half characteristic impedance 162.8Ω is connected via the impedance conversion circuit (transformer part) of the line 6', the slot 2 Input impedance Z _S = 530 Ω (Z _Sh 1060 Ω) is converted to 50 Ω (25 Ω on one side) by the power supply unit 3 to achieve impedance matching with the power supply line (50 Ω coaxial cable).

  At a frequency of 700 MHz, the wavelength is 428 mm, the 1/4 wavelength is 107 mm, 70 mm when the shortening rate is applied, 187 mm at 1600 MHz, 46.8 mm at the 1/4 wavelength, 31 mm when the shortening rate is applied, and the wavelength is 122 mm at 2.45 GHz. The quarter wavelength is 30.6 mm, and when the shortening rate is applied, it becomes 20.2 mm. The shortening rate can be further reduced by about 0.66 times.

で、共振状態で平衡長アンテナの純抵抗成分が５３０Ωの場合、１／４波長の入力インピーダンスＺ_Ｓｈは１０６０Ωであるので、ハーフサイズ（λ／２波長）の特性インピーダンスは、Ｚ_Ｔｈ＝２３０Ω、Ｚ_Ｔｈｈ＝１１５Ωとなる。 The above has been described with respect to the full-size slot 2. However, in the case of the half-size (λ / 2 wavelength) slot 2, that is, the slot 2 of about ¼ wavelength (λ / 4), as described above, 2 The input impedance Z _Sh = 2Z _S is doubled.

When the pure resistance component of the balanced length antenna is 530Ω in the resonance state, the input impedance Z _Sh of ¼ wavelength is 1060Ω, so the characteristic impedance of the half size (λ / 2 wavelength) is Z _Th = 230Ω, Z _Thh = 115Ω.

となり、線路を２分割しているので、更に半分ずつ、即ち１６３Ωのストリップラインで構成すれば給電線とスロット２が整合される。給電線の入力インピーダンスが５０Ω同軸ケーブル（Ｃｏ−ａｘ．Ｃ）でなければ、その値に合わせた幾何平均のトランスフォーマ部を形成し特性インピーダンスを合わせればよい。 That is, since it is converted to 200Ω by U-balun, in the case of a 1/4 wavelength transformer, when one impedance is 530Ω and the other is 200Ω, the characteristic impedance Z _T of the transformer section is

Then, since the line is divided into two, if the line is further divided by half, ie, 163Ω, the feeder line and the slot 2 are matched. If the input impedance of the feeder line is not a 50Ω coaxial cable (Co-ax.C), a geometrical average transformer unit corresponding to that value may be formed to match the characteristic impedance.

  FIG. 3B shows a U-shaped curved circuit, but the Zig-Zag type may be an arbitrary shape to form an impedance conversion circuit having one quarter wavelength or two half wavelengths. The transformer section has a symmetrical balanced line configuration. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d), the transformer unit may have an unbalanced line configuration of only one side, but this is a normal technique and description thereof is omitted.

  Further, when a capacitance is built in when connecting the power feeding unit 3, it is possible to adjust by the slot length l of the slot 2. When the slot length l is shortened, the characteristic impedance becomes inductive and the capacitance can be eliminated. Further, an inductance L and a capacitance C can be added to the substrate 4.

  Next, in another invention, the back surface of the slot antenna is covered with a transmission line, the radiation is limited to only one direction, and other metal surfaces, water and obstructions are not affected even in the vicinity, A 1/2 wavelength universal slot antenna having a structure in which a plurality of metal surfaces are arranged to face each other will be described in a new embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows a basic configuration of a universal antenna having a plurality of metal surfaces opposed to each other. Another metal surface M ₂ parallel to the metal surface M ₁ on which the slot 2 is formed is disposed opposite to the insulator sheet 10 between the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ , and the metal surface M ₂ further defines the slot 2. be arranged very close to the formed metal surface M _1, the metal surface M3 the opposite ends in the X-axis direction of the slot 2 so as to provide an infinite impedance which does not zero the electric field in the slot 2, M4 The structure of the standing wave type | mold transmission line short-circuited in FIG.

The metal surface M ₂ functionally does not disturb the radiation from the slot 2 and, like the convex trap structure shown in FIG. 2D, the radiation is in one direction, so that the antenna gain is a general dipole antenna. 3-4 dB due to the reflection effect of the metal surface M2 from the case of using, and even if placed on another metal surface, the radiated electromagnetic field becomes zero due to the influence of the metal surface, the influence of the human body, animals, water, etc. This shows a case where a special antenna configuration is produced that is not affected by the external environment where the radiated electromagnetic field becomes zero. Further, both sides of the slot 2 are short-circuited at the ends by the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ to form a standing wave type transmission line, and the metal surface M that becomes a short-circuit surface for exciting the electric field in a balanced (equal) manner. ₃ and M ₄ are allocated and arranged.

FIG. 4A shows a configuration of a universal antenna. The upper metal surface M ₁ has a length 2X in the X-axis direction and a center of the metal surface M _{1 having} a transmission line width W (position of the length X). slot length l of the slots 2 are cut to a length of about a half wavelength (lambda / 2), as the insulating sheet 10 disposed in contact with the lower surface of the metal surfaces M _1, for example, polyethylene, PET, Teflon (registered trademark ), polypropylene, the dielectric sheet, or the magnetic sheet pinching such glass epoxy, is configured to further the metal surface M ₂ of another piece in contact with the lower surface of the insulating sheets 10 are facing each.

The thickness h of the insulator sheet 10 sandwiched between the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ is about 0.1 to 10 mm. However, since the influence related to the characteristic impedance Z _O of the parallel plate line is large, it is made too thin. It is not possible. The insulator sheet 10 sandwiched between the metal surfaces M ₁ and M _{2 in} an actual trial production uses PE (polyethylene) or Teflon (registered trademark) having a thickness of 0.2 to 3 mm.

Both ends of the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ forming the parallel plate line are short-circuited by the metal surfaces M ₃ and M ₄ at positions (± X) that are odd multiples of the ¼ wavelength, and thus the electric field in the X-axis direction. And the magnetic field does not leak outside because the end is shielded unlike the open type. In addition, the radiation surface is efficiently radiated in the Z-axis direction by the metal parts on both sides of the slit without being affected by external conditions, and the downward impedance at the slot radiation point described below can be ideally infinite. .

The short-circuit path at both ends is preferably contacted by metal surfaces M ₃ and M ₄ , but even if a thin plastic film is attached to the metal surface, the back metal surface is large and the plastic film is thin, so C = εS / t Since t = 0.01 × 10 ^{−3 /} mm, ε = 2.3, and S = 2000 to 5000 mm ² , C is 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁵ [pF], and the capacitive reactance is 1 / jωC≈0. Therefore, the impedance becomes low and a capacitive short can be implemented. Although it is conceivable to open the end of the parallel plate line, in general, leakage of an electric field occurs, so that it does not become a complete open point, and is also influenced by the outside from other metal bodies.

  Even if an open point of infinite impedance is made, in order to convert this phenomenon into the slot portion 2 which is a radiation point, a length of half wavelength λ / 2 is necessary, so the line length, that is, metal It is necessary to lengthen the surface length to a double length, which results in a large surface and cannot be used only for special purposes. A thin foil such as aluminum or copper is appropriate as the metal surface, but stainless steel SUS, a thin iron plate, or the like can also be used.

FIG. 4B shows a voltage / current (magnetic field) distribution by a cross-sectional view taken along the X-axis direction of the parallel plate line of FIG. If the maximum value of the voltage applied to the slot 2 is V _S because it is the central portion, the electric field E _T of the parallel plate line is divided into left and right, and V _A = V _T = V _S / 2.

When the height of the parallel plate line is h and the width of the transmission line is W, when the electric field in the slot 2 is directed to the right, the electric field is directed downward on the left and directed upward on the right. Since the magnetic field H is in the same direction, the pointing power P is directed leftward on the left side and rightward on the right side. The relationship between the line voltage and the line electric field is V _A = V _T = E _T h and V _S = 2V _A = E _S 4ρ. However the effective value is an effective component since the electric field E _S is the sine wave distribution (cosine wave distribution). The electric field E _X works effectively only by slot Y direction of the slot 2.

  The voltage and current in the parallel plate line is as shown in FIG. 4B. The line voltage is maximum at the central slot 2 and the voltage is zero at the short circuit, and the line current is minimum at the slot 2 and the short circuit. The line current becomes maximum, and the magnetic field H in the line becomes maximum. Therefore, a standing wave is generated in the line, and the current becomes almost zero, so that an infinite impedance line can be formed. This realizes the thinning of the present invention.

The characteristic impedance Z _O of the parallel plate line is expressed as follows.

と考えられる。ここで、つぎのような定数の値がある。 Therefore,

it is conceivable that. Here, there are the following constant values:

In the case of PE, PET, Teflon (registered trademark) or the like, the relative dielectric constant ε _r is ε _r ≈2.3. However, when a magnetic material is used, the general effective relative magnetic permeability μ _r is Since it is about 4 to 10 and further includes a loss, care must be taken when using it.

Thus, the characteristic impedance Z _O is

If, becomes h = 0.3 mm, _Z When W = 50mm _O ≒ 1.5Ω next, h = 10 mm, When W = 50 mm and _{Z O} ≒ _50Ω. The parallel plate line can thus reduce the line width and is greatly different from the waveguide line.

Next, the short section the impedance of the parallel plate line is to consider whether happens is the line impedance seen to the right or left when Z _S in FIG. 4 (c).

Circuit diagram shown in FIG. 4 (c), the characteristic impedance of the line is at line length in Z _O is X, the impedance Z _A viewed right from the feeding point A is expressed by the following equation.
Z _A = Z _O · (Z _B + jZ _O tan βX) / (Z _O + jZ _B tan βX)
Here, assuming that the impedance Z _B at the end is 0, the impedance Z _A is
Z _A = jZ _O tan βX

Β is a propagation constant and is expressed as follows.

Next, FIG. 4D shows the absolute value | Z _A | = Z _O tan θ (θ = βl) of the impedance Z _A viewed from the feeding point A in the case of a frequency of 920 MHz, and the characteristic impedance Z of the line. The change in impedance with respect to the change in line length X is shown using _O as a parameter. As can be seen from this graph, when the characteristic impedance Z _O is 0.5 or less, indicating a rapid change in impedance around λ / 4 (θ = 90 ° ). That is, since the impedance Z _A to infinity, the width W and the dielectric constant of the or a transmission line (the height h of the parallel plate line) thickness, permeability, etc., as well as by adjusting the line length X becomes infinite impedance width Means that the adjustment becomes extremely narrow and the adjustment becomes unstable.

  However, according to this method, an infinite impedance can always be produced near the point of θ = 90 ° even if the line is as thin as about 0.1 mm. Therefore, even if the slot antenna is formed on a thin sheet-like parallel plate line, it can be operated as a slot antenna.

において、Ｚ_Ｏ＝２〜５０Ωとすることで線路を安定に設計できる。 Thus, expression of the characteristic impedance _{Z O,}

Therefore, the line can be stably designed by setting Z _O = 2 to 50Ω.

When the thickness (height of the parallel plate line) h of the insulator sheet 10 is close to 0.1 to 5, the width W of the transmission line is made as small as possible from the equation, and the material such as foam having a low relative dielectric constant It is better to use or have a high relative permeability. That is, the thickness h of the insulator sheet 10 is desirably h> 0.1. At that time, in the 1000 MHz band UHF, W = 10 to 50 mm and h = 0.2 to 0.3 mm are actually set. Using polyethylene or Teflon (registered trademark) with a rate ε _r = 2.3, the line length is λe / 4, about 53 mm at 920 MHz, 70 mm at 700 MHz band, 31 mm at 1600 MHz band, and 20 mm at 2.45 GHz band. Then, the impedance Z _a as seen on the right with the feeding point a becomes large impedance, result slot 2 is operated without being almost affected metal surface was obtained. The characteristic impedance Z _O when using a value close to this is about Z _O = 1-3Ω.

  As shown in FIG. 4E, when the resonance characteristics of the slot 2 are incorporated, the wideband characteristics are obtained by using the characteristics of the right lowering of the resonance point of the slot 2 and the characteristics of the right rising of the transmission line. You can have it. For example, in the 2.45 GHz band, since the slot length l is also shortened, the transmission line width W can be reduced to about 10 to 20 mm. In the 700 MHz band, it can be composed of about 30 to 50 mm, and in the 1600 MHz band, about 15 to 25 mm.

Therefore, in consideration of accuracy and frequency characteristics, it is possible to use the characteristics with good characteristics by selecting appropriate values for the dielectric, magnetic material, thickness, and line width of the insulator 10, and by using the characteristic impedance Z _O. It is desirable to use as large as possible. In manufacturing, a method of completely short-circuiting the metal surfaces M ₃ and M ₄ at the end is preferable, but there is an area S enough to increase the capacitance at a frequency of UHF or higher, and the insulator thickness d is sufficient. If it is small, C = εS / d, so that the capacitance C can be large. If the capacitance reactance component can be made substantially zero at 1Ω or less, the same capacitive short circuit as the short-circuiting method can be realized.

  Next, FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of three types of parallel plate transmission lines, and an example of a parallel plate line filled with a dielectric or magnetic material as the insulator 10 is shown.

FIG. 5A shows a case where a transmission line is formed only on the right side in the figure on the back side of the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₁ ′, and the ¼ wavelength parallel of the trap structure shown in FIG. the metal surface M _T forming a line, and has a structure to obtain twice the radiation in the vertical direction in the case is equivalent to the bending to the right of the metal surface M _{1 'side.} Metal plate M ₂ lower are connected so as to substantially contact with the cut of the slot 2, and is connected to exhibit infinite impedance due .lambda.e / 4 wavelength to the slot 2.

In FIG. 5B, the parallel plate transmission line is formed below the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₁ ′ forming the radiation surface almost symmetrically, and the parallel plate transmission line is formed on the left and right sides by the lower metal surface M ₂ . It is configured. The basic structure is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).

In the case of FIG. 5A, the voltage Vs of the slot 2 is applied as it is as the transmission line voltage V _T (V _S = V _T = Z _T · h), but in the case of FIG. Are applied separately to the left and right transmission lines in half, so 1/2 of the voltage V _S of the slot 2 is applied as the voltage V _T (V _S / 2) of the left and right transmission lines, respectively.

  As described with reference to FIG. 4, if the value of the characteristic impedance Zo of the parallel plate transmission line is too low, the band becomes narrow and the dimensional accuracy must be increased. However, in order to increase the characteristic impedance, for example, it is better to approach 50Ω. Therefore, even if the voltage is halved, the characteristic impedance seems to be doubled. Therefore, it is advantageous to distribute the voltage to both by distributing the transmission line to the left and right.

  Moreover, it becomes easier to make it symmetrically with the same thickness. If the electric field E of the incoming wave is also used to excite the electric field and current on the radiation surface, the length X of the metal surface on both sides of the slot 2 is necessary to obtain the induced voltage V = E · 2X.

FIG. 5C shows an example in which the feeder 3 is housed in the recess 21 of the dielectric 100 in the transmission line and the insulator 100 in the magnetic body μ so as to be connected to the cut end of the slot 2. . As described with reference to FIG. 4, the characteristic impedance Z _O becomes √μ _r times larger when not only the insulator sheet 10 having the relative dielectric constant ε _r = 2.3 but also the magnetic body 100 having a high relative permeability μ _r is used. Even if the insulating layer is thin, as can be seen from FIG. 4D, it is possible to construct an impedance line (X≈λe / 4) having a short quarter wavelength.

The parallel plate line constituted by the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₁ ′ on both sides of the slot 2 and the lower metal surface M ₂ has an infinite impedance characteristic, and the slot 2 seems to float alone. In addition, an infinite impedance is provided by the 1/4 wavelength short-circuit line, and the inductance and capacitance of the slot 2 can be corrected simultaneously by slightly shifting the position of the short-circuit portion.

  FIG. 6 shows another method of removing the capacitive reactance component Xs in the characteristic impedance Zs (Zs = Rs + jXs) of the slot 2. FIG. 1 shows that it is possible to adjust the slot length l to achieve a resonance state. Therefore, it is possible to correct the position where the transmission line is short-circuited by shifting it slightly from the quarter wavelength, but it is possible to obtain an excellent characteristic by giving priority to giving an infinite impedance. It is advantageous to use a method different from correcting the above.

Towards the end from the central portion of the slot 2, as described earlier, since the resistance component Rs of the characteristic impedance Z _S is low, it is easy to take the matching of the resistance component of the power supply unit 3 (50 [Omega coaxial cable). Matching with 50Ω can be achieved by slightly reducing the slot length l. When an IC is connected, since the IC includes capacity, inductive reactance that cancels the capacitive reactance is required along with adjustment of the resistance component. The slot length must be adjusted and positioning must be performed to meet the resistance value of about 20Ω.

  However, in order to separately adjust the resistance component Rs and the reactance component Xs, it is necessary to add an inductance L or an adjustment capacitance C to obtain impedance matching.

As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the positions matching the resistive component Rs of the slot 2 is provided with a through hole in the PCB substrate 4 (for bonding of the connection terminals 11 and 11 of the metal surface _{M 1} ') Power supply portions 5 and 5 ′ with the slot 2 are provided, and power is supplied to the slot 2. Impedance matching is performed by finely adjusting the inductance L formed on the PCB of the substrate 4 and the capacitance C such as a fixed capacitor via the power feeding units 5 and 5 '. Further, it may be used in combination with the impedance conversion circuit (transformer section) described in FIG.

  However, since it takes time to use such a circuit, it is cheaper to configure the inductance L on the slot 2, so that the reactance L is provided to the slot or slit as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C. A slit having a cut-out structure having C and C may be added.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, there is a method of increasing the capacitance C by applying an undercut that sharply narrows the width of the slot 2, and conversely, as shown in FIG. There is also a method of increasing the characteristic resistance and the inductance L by applying an overcut to widen the slot width.

Next, the antenna having the radiation surface by the H-shaped slot or slit structure described in FIG. 2 is fed by X = 1/4 wavelength line by the parallel plate line in the same way as the radiation from the slot is performed. part current also flows to the main line and the sub-line as best electric field E _T of center by from becoming infinite impedance is strong voltage increases, and the current of the sub-line of the H-shaped structure wing An example in the case of an H-shaped slot or an H-shaped slit in the case where the phase of the current changes depending on the length of the current and a positive phase current or a zero phase current flows is shown. In this case, since the metal surface M2 exists below, not only can it be placed directly on the metal surface, but the sub-line is a form in which the side of the main line is solidified, so that the line depends on the material of the attached object. Since it is not directly subject to fluctuations in the electric field at the side, it is not subject to fluctuations due to differences in metals, insulators and the like. Figure 7 is the length l ₁₂ of the blade (h) and FIG. 9 (g), the FIG. 9 (i), the total peripheral length of the slit extends to the short-circuit end as shown in FIG. 9 (j) or the like 1 / When the slit length is 2 wavelengths (λ / 2) and the wavelength is ¼ wavelength (λ / 4), and the total circumference of the slit is 1 wavelength λ, the slot has the same length as the circumference of the slit. When the straight portion in the y direction is simply bent, the current flowing on both sides of the slot is only the positive phase current. Therefore, the current flowing in the sub-line is almost the same as the metal surface current that excites the slot. In other words, the phenomenon is close to the current distribution in the case of the operation of the one-wavelength loop antenna or the folded antenna, the impedance of the feeding portion of the radiation characteristic, and the like.

  By comparing the straight slot and the H-shaped slot (slit) in FIG. 6, the difference in shape can be seen, but there are also some differences in the insertion of impedance and capacitance. In addition to the undercut and overcut of a part of the slot shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), as shown in FIG. Capacitance C can also be added by adding a capacity side path where the electric field of the power feeding section or slot is generated.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6E, an inductance L can be added by adding a line to the side of the slot of the main line. Both methods are means for matching the power feeding section, and are means for taking a resonance and matching when a capacitor is added by mounting an IC or the like.

<Characteristics of parallel plate transmission line>
FIG. 7A shows a cross-sectional view of a parallel plate transmission line having an ideal electric field distribution and magnetic field distribution by the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ having the same size in the upper and lower sides arranged opposite to each other with the insulator 10 interposed therebetween. That is, along the width W of the upper and lower parallel plate transmission line, shows the case of a uniform distribution of electric field E _T, the same electromagnetic field figure the figure plane wave (TEM wave) in a plane parallel plate transmission line. In this case, there is little swell characteristic field E _TS is at the side of the transmission line, by utilizing the leakage electric field E _TS, it is also possible to detect a signal field comprises a detection probe laterally.

FIG. 7B shows an electric field Es excited by the slot 2 cut by the slot length l smaller than the width W of the transmission line on the upper metal surface M ₁ of FIG. 7A. As described above, the parallel plate line is excited by the electric field Es with a substantially sine wave. The electric field distribution indicating the cross section in the transmission line is a sinusoidal (cosine wave) electric field distribution at the center as shown in FIG. 7B, and the electric field Es at the end is a low value that is almost zero.

Further, in order to shorten the linear length of the slot length l in the Y-axis direction described in FIGS. 7D, 10B, and 10C, which will be described later, the entire length (l ₁₁ + 2y), a resonance current with a 1/2 or 1 wavelength resonance length can be excited, and the main central radiating portion can be excited with the antinode portion of the electric field Es, so that the electric field distribution in the cross section of the transmission line is Only the strong part of the electric field is transmitted to the transmission line, and the radiation electric field Es of the slot 2 is also excited with only the strong part, and the electric field involved in the radiation is excited without much damage, so that the radiation of the slot 2 is not lowered. it is possible to construct a radiation surface and the transmission line capable of narrowing the width W of the transmission line of the radiating metal surface M _1.

In the configuration of the metal surfaces M ₁ and M _{2 having} different widths shown in FIG. 7 (c), the upper metal surface M ₁ is responsible for both the radiation surface and the transmission line, so that the width W ′ of the transmission line is reduced. If it is made smaller or smaller, the excitation of the radiated electric field becomes weaker, so a certain size is required. On the other hand, since the lower metal surface M ₂ only serves as a transmission line, the width W ″ of the transmission line only needs to provide an infinite impedance for the upper slot 2. It is only necessary to be able to create a distribution state, however, if the width of the transmission line W ′ of the metal surface M ₁ or the length of the slot length ₁₁ is smaller than that, the electric field leaks and is affected by the lower metal surface M. In this case, the relationship between the width W ′ of the transmission line on the metal surface M ₁ , the width W ″ of the transmission line on the metal surface M ₂ , and the effective slot length l ₁₁ is W ″ ≧ W ′> l _11. It is necessary to do so.

That is, the electric field of the slot 2 cut into the upper metal surface M ₁ is in the form of concentrated only in the center, only the electric field is excited transmission line, to the electric field of this portion only What is necessary is just to comprise so that it may become infinite impedance, ie, the electric field may be maximized only in the direct slot 2 in the Y-axis direction. Less leakage electric field by narrowing the width W "of the transmission lines of the lower metal surface M _2, constituting the impedance becomes infinite also, the leakage electric field even when the metal surface plane M is positioned below the no substantial Therefore, the state of infinite impedance is not changed and is not affected by the surrounding metal surface M or the like.

FIG. 7 (d), the width W of the upper and lower metal surface M _1, M ₂ of the transmission line ', and if W "is the same, by the shorter the length in the Y-axis direction l ₁₁ of the slot 2, even if different an electric field is described in a perspective view an example of a case from leaking to the outside. FIG. 7 (d) shows the structure of FIG. 7 (c), Y-axis direction length of the slot length l l ₁₁ the shorter the length l ₁₂ of the folded correspondingly X-axis direction is divided symmetrically, it shows a case where the configuration H-shaped. resonant length l of the perimeter half wavelength slot 2 is approximately l = l ₁₁ + 2l ₁₂ so that a resonance state can be created and the length l ₁₁ in the Y-axis direction can be shortened, and the length l ₁₂ in the X-axis direction does not contribute to radiation and becomes a reactance component The radiation vector of this part is originally small and will be canceled out. In the case of the peripheral length 1 wavelength slot, the phase of the current is changed, the radiation is contributed by the zero-phase current, the impedance is increased, and high performance can be obtained even with a narrow antenna, as shown in FIG. Such an antenna is shown.

The left and right end portions of the metal surface M ₂ that forms the lower transmission path are short-circuited to the upper metal surface M _1, and the electric field excited by the slot 2 is as shown in FIG. _T is transmitted between the upper and lower metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ and short-circuited at the end metal surfaces M ₃ and M ₄ to form a standing wave, thereby creating an infinite impedance in the slot 2. The electric field E _S of the slot 2 spreads outward around the slot 2 and becomes a radiation electric field E _Sr. Current I _T in the transmission line, up to a minimum and makes the slot 2 at the ends, the maximum electric field E _T in the transmission line in the opposite slot 2, the voltage of the smallest but because the transmission line of the slot 2 at the ends V _TS becomes maximum, and current I _TS becomes minimum (zero).

Therefore, as described in FIG. 4C, in the transmission line, Z _A = V _TS / I _TS ≈∞ (I _TS = 0). As described in FIGS. 7C and 7D, the electric field distribution in the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) in the transmission line is a distribution obtained by cutting both sides of the sine wave (cosine wave) distribution. .

The radiation from the branch slot cut in the X-axis direction has a narrow electric field amplitude, and the electric field is basically weak and the electric field vector is canceled in the opposite direction. Therefore, the radiation from the branch slot is ignored. it can. The field distribution, since almost determined by the structure of the slot 2, even in leakage electric field occurs too unlikely narrow metal plate M ₂ lower, also when it is placed on a lower metal surface M Since they are the same TEM wave, the electric field is not so much affected. Rather, when a current flowing to the metal surface M ₁ of the surface of the upper continuous current between the metal surface M _3, M ₄ the lower portion of the metal surface M ₂ along the sides occurs, the electric field for exciting the slot 2 excitation It is easy to be done. This will be described with reference to FIG.

Figure 7 (e) is the electric field E _S generated in the slot 2, the electric field in the opposite direction of the transmission line of the electric field E _S field E _T parallel plate line of the front left excited _by, and the other side of the parallel plate line The distribution of. The electric field E _S of the slot is half the value E _S / 2 of the electric field of the transmission line and becomes a two-direction electric field E _T , and one of the transmission lines goes down to the upper right and the other goes down to the lower left.

  The direction of the electric field and the magnetic field is as shown by the arrows. Therefore, the pointing power P of the transmission line is as shown in the figure, is reflected at the end and is not consumed inside, and the radiated power Pr is radiated upward from the slot 2. . The equivalent circuit is shown small on the right. The electric field distribution in slot 2 is sine (cosine distribution).

FIG. 7F shows the electric field distribution of the slot 2 and the electric field distribution of the line for the H-shaped slot 2. The electric field Ex generated in the slot 2 cut in the Y-axis direction contributes to radiation, but the electric fields Ey generated in the slot 2 cut along the X-axis direction cancel each other and do not radiate. Also not come much leakage cancel each other also electric field E _T of the transmission line. Since the central portion of the electric field amplitude comes to the straight slot portion 2 cut in the Y-axis direction, the electric field amplitude of the electric field Es is high even if it is short.

  FIG. 7G illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In the case where there are a slot and an open opening on the lower metal surface, the transmission line impedance is hardly affected by the lower part due to parallel resonance. As will be described later, since the power of the upper slot 2 is distributed to the upper and lower slots, the power of each transmission line is halved, so the radiated power is also halved. It has a configuration that can.

FIG 7 (h), the length l ₁₂ of the blade is long enough in the H-shaped slot (slit), 2 wavelength perimeter entire length of the slit when there until the end of the line (2 [lambda]), at only one side 1 It shows a case where there is a wavelength (1λ) and a zero-phase current flows through the metal side bands on both sides, that is, the sub-lines. In this case, the zero-phase current in the same direction also flows in the side path, that is, the sub line, and the electric field directions of the main line and the sub line are also directed in the same direction.

FIG. 8 illustrates the distribution of the slot excitation current Is and the slot radiation electric field Es. When universal slot antenna is placed on the metal surface M is used for the emission and reception dual since lower metal surface M is the same operation as the metal surface M _1.

8 (a) is illustrates a basic operation of the universal slot antenna by the transmission line according to a half-wavelength slot 2 and the lower metal surface M _2, which was cut to approximately the center of the metal surface M _1. Figure 4 (a), (b) , As described in FIG. 5 (b), the transmission line is disposed symmetrically on the metal surface M _1, surrounds the radiating slot 2, on the metal surface M ₁ and a current taxiway excitation current is for exciting radiation field E _S symmetrically. Meanwhile metal surface excitation current underlying field or voltage in slot 2 I _S also flows symmetrically so as to surround the slot portion 2, thereby generating an induced voltage Vs in the cut slot 2. The voltage Vo induced on the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₁ ′ by the incoming wave E is Vo = E · 2X. If the phase does not change during this period, this voltage is induced in the slot 2, so that the slot 2 If the length of the electric field for exciting is short in the X-axis direction, a sufficient induced voltage cannot be obtained, so a length of about half a wavelength is required.

  However, since it is ideal that the slot antenna has a slot 2 cut in a part of an infinite metal surface, the theoretical value can be approached in a situation close to this. Since the length in the X-axis direction may be short as will be described later, in this case, it is necessary to devise an effective lengthening. As this method, the metal surface M to which the antenna is attached is used, or an auxiliary rod is attached to the end of the metal surface so that the performance can be used both in the air and on the metal surface. This will be described with reference to FIG.

The internal functions of the parallel plate transmission line, since also described in FIG. 7, only describes the outside of the current I _S and the electric field E _S shown in FIG. 8 (a) the metal surface M _3. If you are Wakashi is placed on a metal surface M, the excitation current I _S of the antenna, be the coated with a thin plastic coating or film is a metal surface M example, forming a short-circuit state by capacitive short As a result, the excitation current Is also flows through the metal surface M as a part of the induction path of the excitation current Is, which rather helps radiation. Of course, if contact between the metal surface M ₂ and the metal surface M bare no plastic coating or the like, direct current Is flows through the intact metal surface M.

  Therefore, when the universal slot antenna of the present invention is placed on the metal surface M, the entire metal surface M becomes an antenna and the performance can be improved. For example, if a plastic film is 30 mm wide and 120 mm long and has a thickness of 10 μm, it becomes a capacitor of several hundred to several thousand pF, and the capacitive reactance (1 / jωC) is a low impedance of about 0.02 to 0.1Ω. Thus, the metal surface M can be incorporated into the radiation surface of the universal slot antenna by forming a capacitive short-circuited state.

In cross-sectional view of a universal slot antenna of FIG. 8 (b) FIG. 8 (a), the excitation electric field E _S and該励oscillating electric field E _S generated at a break in the slot 2 as described above, the metal surface M with current I _S It shows how the flow to indicate that the radiation field Er is obtained from a range including the metal surface M by the excitation field E _S.

In the description of the so far, and the case is cut-out or a slot or the like on the lower surface of the metal surface M ₂ is has been described for a case that does not exist, that in the following, slot S ₂ is cut to the lower surface of the metal surface M ₂ The case where the open end OE is cut will be described.

FIG. 8 (c), the more cross-sectional view (d), the irrespective of the presence of the open end OE and slot S ₂ in the lower center of the metal surface M _2, parallel right and left from the slot S ₁ metal surfaces M1 since the characteristic impedance viewed plate transmission line becomes infinite impedance at the end of the transmission line, the characteristic impedance of the lower metal surface M ₂ also becomes infinite impedance, even if the slot S ₂ or the notch and the open end OE there is no little effect on the slot S ₁ of the top surface. That is, infinite impedance connected two in series, further since the lower open end OE and slot S ₂ is greater in infinite impedance be connected in series, and the slot S ₂ provided at the center portion of the lower surface also be provided with a open end OE, or will be irrelevant to the slot S ₁ is closed by a metal surface.

Therefore, if you open the open end OE without radiation metal surface M ₂ lower shown in FIG. 8 (c), when another universal slot antenna is superimposed, it is concerned to close the slot S ₁ of the universal slot antenna Since they can be emitted without any problems, they can be stacked.

Figure 8 (d) is the slot _{S 1} is cut in the metal surface _{M 1} of the upper surface, even slot _{S 2} is turned off on the lower surface of the metal surface _{M 2,} the top and bottom of the slot _S 1, while the short-circuit metal edge _{S 2} It shows the case where connecting a plane M ₁₂ are short-circuited. Short metal surface M ₁₂ may be a width of only slot length l of the slots S1, S2, the width W of the transmission line of the metal surface M ₁ and M _2, may be provided to fill in the W '. The point is that the upper and lower metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ are short-circuited at the end of the slot.

The short metal surface M _12, the top and bottom of the slot S _1, S ₂ is equally connected, if now the radiation is performed also on the lower surface to the upper surface, and the metal surface M came bottom surface 5 As in the case of the one-side trap structure of (a), radiation is not performed downward, but twice is performed upward. When there is no metal surface M, it is a dual slot radiation, and when there is a metal surface M, it is a free slot antenna that can be used as a single side radiation universal slot antenna corresponding to the metal surface. In general, single-sided radiation is advantageous because it provides higher gain, but there are cases where you want double-sided radiation, such as cards, and a versatile slot antenna that is suitable for greedy uses that you want to operate on a metal surface. Can provide. Impedance characteristics differ between radiation from a single slot and radiation from two slots, but matching is performed mainly by either of them, and even if the radiation resistance is halved or doubled, the matching is greatly increased. There will be no disturbance.

Figure 8 (e) slot S ₁ is cut in the upper surface metal surface M _1, the central portion remains metallic surfaces of the upper and lower near cut slots in M ₁ the metal surface of the lower surface of the metal surfaces M _2, M ₂ is short-circuited becomes a transmission line of the trap structure of only one side is short-circuited by the metal surface M _12, the feeding unit 3 across the metal surface M _1, M ₂ the upper and lower at the end junction M ₃ from an appropriate position X _M of the transmission line , 3 'are connected, and communication is performed by matching the power feeding unit 3, the transmission line, and the slot.

Figure 8 (f) are cut slot _S 1, _{S 2} in the central portion of the upper surface metal surface _{M 1} and the lower surface metal surface _{M 2,} short metal connecting the upper and lower near the slot _S 1, _{S 2} of one cut surface M ₁₂ is attached, only becomes a transmission line left in FIG center, this an appropriate position of the distance X _M from the end of the transmission line across and below the metal surface is connected to the feeding portion 3 and 3 ', The power feeding units 3 and 3 ′, the transmission line, and the slots S ₁ and S ₂ are matched so that a fed signal can be obtained from the upper and lower slots S ₁ and S ₂ . When placed in space, radiated electric fields E _S1 and E _S2 are obtained from both sides, and when one side is placed on another metal side, communication is performed on the opposite side, and communication is possible in any case. A universal slot antenna with features can be provided.

FIG. 8 (g), the the (h), the feeding unit 3 connected between the upper and lower metal surfaces M _1, M _2, the power sources by the excitation of the electric field E _T and the voltage V _T supplied to the upper and lower surfaces When power is supplied to the upper and lower slots separately, power is distributed evenly to the upper and lower metals, and signals are transmitted equally to the upper and lower slots. In addition, the transmission line is sometimes protected, and power can be distributed to individual slots via the transmission line. The position where power is supplied may be connected to a position where impedance is matched not only in the X-axis direction but also in the Y-axis direction.

  FIG. 8 (i) shows a case where power is supplied to a slot at a stripline (SL) or a trip rate (TP) along a parallel plate transmission line. For power feeding, there are cases where the upper part of the metal surface is used and cases where the inside of the transmission line is used.

  FIG. 8J shows the position when the X-axis direction is viewed from the line cross section in the Y-axis direction. When connected in this way, a radial current is likely to flow as shown in FIG. 8 (k), and the case where the line is cut along the line is shown in FIGS. 8 (l) and 8 (m). Since the power feeding unit is placed at the center, the left and right currents are canceled out and only the current in the X-axis direction is canceled, so that a current only in the X-axis direction can be configured.

<Slot shape>
Next, in FIG. 9, with respect to the shape of the slot S ₁ formed on the metal surface M ₁ on the upper surface, the slot length (l = λ / 2) in the Y-axis direction is reduced, and the slot width (ω = 4ρ) of the radiation surface is reduced. A method of reducing the size will be described.

FIG. 9 (a) shows a case where normal half-wave slot S _1, cut straight metal surface M _1. In the case of this slot antenna, such a configuration may be used when a sufficient size and thickness (a transmission line height h) can be taken in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

  As described above, in the case of the UHF 920 MHz band, the half wavelength λ / 2 is 16 cm (160 mm), λe / 2 is 10.7 cm (107 mm), and λe / 4 is 5.4 cm (54 mm). In the case of 2.45 GHz, λ / 2 is 6 cm (60 mm), λe / 2 is 4 cm (40 mm), and λe / 4 is 2 cm (20 mm). Thus, when a straight slot or a large metal plate can be used, the structure of the universal slot antenna is simple. Therefore, although it can be made small as a whole in the case of 2.45 GHz, it must be considered to shorten the antenna length in the case of the 920 MHz band and the VHF band.

はほぼ６６％程度の影響を受ける。磁性体の絶縁体を線路やスロットＳに用いたときは更に短縮率がかかり、スロット長が短くなる。 9 (b) is extended in order to shorten the Y-axis direction length l ₁₁ of the slots on either side symmetrically in the X-axis direction notches in slot S by X-axis direction length 2l _12, the H-shaped The case of making is shown. The cosine distribution has the maximum central portion of the slot S, and the voltage and electric field are divided in the middle of the both sides by dividing the slot S in the X-axis direction. The resonance length is λe / 2. Dielectric or insulator material also affects the notch of slot S, and the shortening rate is almost the same as when the dielectric is filled

Is affected by approximately 66%. When a magnetic insulator is used for the line or slot S, a further shortening rate is applied and the slot length is shortened.

The total length of the slot length l is l≈2l ₁₁ + 2l ₁₂ .

  Next, when it is desired to make a universal slot antenna having a smaller size, as shown in FIG. 9C, the length in the X-axis direction is shortened. As shown in d), the slot length l can be shortened by using a Zig-Zag type, a U-shape or a detour such as a waveform.

Slot center in the Y-axis direction, the electric field E _T of the transmission line to be excited and not straight Namiashi fully lambda / 4 of the wavelength with respect to the slot S be performed not when the short circuit short-circuit portions at both ends align Since it is not an infinite line, the wave source of the slot S also reflects the wave foot, and the metal surfaces M ₃ and M _{4 at} both ends are not flat, so the wave foot is not caught by the plane wave, and the complete λe / 4 A short circuit cannot be realized. When the characteristic impedance Z _D can be taken high, the width of the impedance Z _A when viewed with the end becomes infinite increases, can either be a Zig-Zag type also Y-axis direction in this situation, the central portion If the electric field can be concentrated, there may be a Zig-Zag type slot structure. In this case, however, it is desirable to cut it with a straight line.

Next, the structure of a slot S having a reentrant structure as shown in FIG. 9E and the structure of a slot S having a butterfly shape (bowtie shape) are shown in FIG. 9F. Because slot-shaped is diagonally short-circuiting plate M _3, M ₄ constitutes When it is a straight line, the transmission line of the complete infinite impedance to the electric field E _S and the total electric field E _T of the line by which the slots S It ’s difficult. Since the electric field concentrates in the center of the slot, the distance is set to λe / 4 from this point onward, or even if the average line length is obtained and the frequency characteristics of the slot S are widely obtained, an infinite impedance transmission line using a short-circuited line difficult unless a large characteristic resistance R _O.

The Figure 9 (g) a longer blade length l ₁₂ of the H-shaped slot (slit), a case where the length of the parallel plate line in the case where extended to the end of the line and the slit length l ₁₂ is approximately the same Show. This is the same as FIG. The shape and length of the H-shaped slot may be appropriately selected according to the relationship between the line width W and the line length 2X. In FIG. 9 (h), when bent in the X-axis direction and formed only in one + X-axis direction, the symmetry is somewhat lost, but substantially the same performance can be obtained. Since the electric field is not halved, there are cases where it is convenient to mount a power supply or an element.

  FIG. 9 (i) shows a diagram in which an antenna constituted by only one line of the H-shaped slot (slit) in FIG. 9 (g) is fed. Power is supplied by a coaxial cable, but an IC tag attached to this position is an IC tag. The same applies to the other drawings. FIG. 9 (j) shows a case of a quarter wavelength slot antenna using only one side of the target line on both sides of the structure of FIG. 9 (h). FIG. 9 (k) shows the structure of the half-wave slots shown in FIGS. 9 (a), 9 (c), etc. with a 1/4 slit to provide a sub line to suppress disturbance of the electric field of the line. This is a case where the difference in characteristics is eliminated, and the case where power is fed by a coaxial cable or the like is shown. In this case, it is desirable to match 50Ω with a pure resistance. FIG. 9 (l) shows a case where an IC is attached to the power feeding unit so that the capacitance of the IC and the L of the slit are synchronized.

Next, FIG. 10 shows an example of a universal slot antenna in which slots are formed on both the front and back surfaces which operate on the metal surface and when there is no metal surface. When the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ are both slotted and lowered into a hollow space, radiation is performed from both metal surfaces, and when the back metal plate M ₂ is placed on the metal surface, radiation impedance slot surface of M ₂ is closed with the metal is about half of one slot, the radiation from the surface is performed. Adjustments can be made to operate normally on this metal surface and to radiate evenly away from the metal surface.

10 (a) shows the feed unit 3 is mounted in slot S ₁ of metal surface of the upper surface, a cross section when the slot S ₂ and the open end OE of the electric field in the lower metal plate M ₂ is distributed to resonate is cut FIG. In this case, the power feeding unit can be attached not to the slot but to a position where impedance matching with a relatively high voltage between the transmission lines can be easily performed, as shown by a broken line. In either case, radiation on both the upper and lower sides is obtained, and when placed on a metal surface, the radiation is only on one side.

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of FIG. A slot S ₁ is cut in the upper metal surface M ₁ , and a power feeding unit is connected to the slot S ₁ . The metal surface M ₂ of the lower resonance circuit of the slot is formed. The surface radiation from the back surface of the slot S ₂ by excitation due to the voltage of the radiation and the line according to the slot S ₁ is performed. Both the slots can be excited by attaching the power supply portion between the transmission lines.

FIG. 10 (c) is a similar slot antenna to a monopole antenna. As described in FIG. 1 (g), the impedance of the quarter wavelength slot is as high as 1000Ω or more, so matching (resistance component and reactance component). ) Difficult to take. Therefore, the resonant antenna _S2h or the open end OE is provided so that radiation can be obtained downward. Since matching has already been described, it is omitted here.

The slots S ₁ and S ₂ of this parallel plate line structure have not only the upper and lower sides, but also some leaks in the direction of the opening OM, so that the leaked electric field can be slightly received also on the side. However It will not work the metal surface M ₁ side of the surface in the transmission line of the single-layer as a slot antenna when closed is a metal surface or the like, so or is disturbed or closed is at the top and bottom of the slot antenna even in the case of overlapping There is a limit to use. The case of slot antennas stacked one above the other will be described later with reference to FIG.

  Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIGS. 10D and 10E show connections when the upper and lower slots S ₁ and S ₂ are separately fed.

FIG. 10D utilizes the fact that the upper and lower slots S ₁ and S ₂ are separated by an infinite line. In FIG. 10 (d), separate power feeding portions are attached to the slots S ₁ and S ₂ on the upper and lower surfaces, and different signals are handled and used separately on the front and back sides by operating differently on the front and back sides. it can. With this method, the upper and lower slots cannot be completely separated. Therefore, the separation method is shown in FIG.

FIG. 10E shows the transmission line and the slots S ₁ and S ₂ divided into two, and effectively uses the space of each transmission line. FIG. 10 (e) shows a case where power feeding portions are separately attached to the slots S ₁ and S ₂ on both sides, and the combination is performed using one-side structure lines, and the slots are completely separated and used as separate antennas.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the universal slot antenna of the present invention using a multilayer transmission line having two or more layers. 11 (a) is further parallel plate line M ₅ instead of the slot downward addition to universal slot antenna embodiment described until now, it provided an open end OE (Open End) to the parallel plate line M ₅ structure belongs to. This will upward shorting # 2 slot S ₁₂ even if the # 2 universal slot antenna came under # 1 universal slot antenna, slot S ₁₂ of # 2 can be prevented from becoming inoperative. # When viewed upward from second slot S _12, upwardly becomes infinite due # 1 of .lambda.e / 4 line, slot S ₁₂ of # 2 is not short-circuited, the feed unit is connected, and remains alive. # Although slots S ₁₂ of 2 when the straight can this method is applied, if the slot S ₁₂ of # 2 is H-shaped slot, and a superposition, downward in order not to shut the slot surface Also, it is better to use an H-shaped open end OE.

If this line is excited from the side or the like, the slots S ₁ and S ₁₂ operate and can output signals, which is useful when overlapping slot antennas. When receiving the electric fields E _T1 , E _T2, ... E _Tn , a detection antenna may be attached to a portion where the electric field is strong above, below or on the side of the slot antenna. When using a current or a magnetic field, it is preferable that the end current is large.

FIG. 11B shows a perspective view of FIG. The first parallel plate line No. 1L provides infinite impedance to the slot S _1, 2-layer parallel plate line No. Since 2L is receiving a signal radiated from the feeding part of the slot S ₁₂ below the # 2 universal slot antenna in infinite impedance line, # 2 universal slot antenna is disabled by the rear surface of the # 1 universal slot antenna above or It wo n’t be blocked. The same is true when multiple universal slot antennas are stacked. Since the perspective view (b) is complicated, the portion after the # 2 universal slot antenna is omitted. Although the basic method is such a method, an application of this idea will be described later.

Next, in FIG. 11C, slots are cut in both the metal surfaces of the upper surface metal surface M ₁ and the lower surface metal surface M ₂ , and a feeding portion is placed in the slot S ₁ of the upper surface metal surface M ₁ , and the slot on the lower surface is a parasitic slot. In this case, only S ₂ is used. Or the slot S ₂ is performed resonance by use, it can be by using Application or used as a mere coupling hole.

Further provided metal plate M ₅ downwardly, the metal surface is an open end OE, instead of the slot. That is, to provide an impedance nearly infinite against the lower of the # 2 following universal slot antenna, since for the slot S ₂ is an open end of the non-resonant, and equilibrium line almost does not affect Become. 11 (a) and 11 (b) is an embodiment in the case where the metal surface M2 is provided with a slot or an open end.

FIG. 11D shows a perspective view in which the two-layer line, the double slot portions S ₁ and S _2, and the open end OE portion are configured by metal surfaces M ₁ , M ₂ , and M ₅ . Feeding unit is mounted in slot S ₁ of the upper surface metal surface M _1.

11 (e) of showed binding to # 1 universal slot antenna and # 2 universal slot antenna, the resonant or non-resonant slot S ₂ bored in the metal surface M _2, slot S which feed unit is attached ₁ signals are combined, is meant to be further transmitted by radiation or transmitted via the open end OE of the lower metal plate M ₅ in the lower layer. When a power feeding part is attached between the transmission lines, one side of the slot is short-circuited. The same applies to the upper and lower radial slots.

Even when the universal slot antenna is further overlapped below the # 2 universal slot antenna, the signal of the # 1 universal antenna can be transmitted by mutual coupling m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ ... Similarly, the signal of the lower universal slot antenna is also transmitted upward through the coupling. Therefore, if the detection antenna DA or the detection antenna DAs is provided on the upper or lower side, a large number of superimposed universal slot antennas are provided. Signals can also be read.

If it is not necessary to open the back side very much, the slot S ₂ cut into M ₂ is made non-resonant, and weakening the mutual coupling m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ is less likely to disturb the resonance of the slot S _1. That's it. So far we have described about half-wave resonant slots.

11 (f) and 11 (g), the case of about ¼ wavelength λe / 4 slot will be described. FIG. 11 (f) shows a case of overlapping as in FIG. 11 (c), which forms a two-layer slot antenna with quarter-wave slots, and illustrates the radiation and coupling in this case. FIG. 11 (f) is a sectional view and FIG. 11 (g) is a perspective view thereof. In the case of a quarter wavelength slot, since the slot is halved, the slot on one side is open, and the electric field leaks in this direction. Therefore, if the detection antenna DA is also placed in this direction, the universal slot antenna A signal can be received. Therefore, since the signals of the universal slot antenna can be easily picked up at the side, this antenna is smaller in size and easier to take signals to detect the signals of the stacked universal slot antennas at the side. However, the radiation impedance is too high and the size becomes too small, and the radiation efficiency may be deteriorated, or there may be side radiation, and the directivity gain may be lowered. Slot feeding part is connected is no problem since the resonance inductance of the matching circuit and the added capacitor and slot, taking resonant connect the capacitor C to the metal surface M ₂ the feeding unit is not connected slots There is a need. By combining the lower slot and the open end OE in this way, superposition is possible.

FIG. 11 (h) shows the slot combination when slots are stacked in multiple stages # 1, # 2,... #N. Slot S ₂ and C cut into the metal surface M ₂ is a resonance state, since the interference with the slots S ₁ doing the feeding, the slots S _12, S ₂₂ taking advantage of the slot S ₁ is the lower slot It can also be used for bonding.

Figure 11 (i) (j) connects the power supply unit into the slot S ₂ of the metal surface M _2, it is used resonant slots and the open end to the metal surface M _1, a case to perform radiation. The metal plate M ₅ below If you have cut slot becomes a structure in which the feeding portion is sandwiched between, the radiation is performed symmetrically up and down by the slot S _1, S _3. Since the feeding section is placed in the middle and protected, and the upper slot S ₁ or the lower slot S ₃ is closed, radiation is performed on the side that is not blocked. This combination is convenient.

Also, rather than below the metal surface M ₅ in the slot, if that is the open end OE is never block the slots overlapping the lower even when stacked. Therefore, cut metal surface M ₅ is either whether open end OE and slots S, can be selectively used depending on the purpose. The Figure 11 (j) shows the case where the cut open end OE metal surface _{M 5.} In this case, radiation is performed symmetrically up and down (front and back). Figure 11 (j ') indicates the case where the cut slot _{S 3} metal surface _{M 5.} As stated above, the purpose of use can be any.

Figure 11 (i) indicates that the radiation field E _S and below the detection antenna DA even when superimposed is received. FIG. 11J is a perspective view showing a case where an electric field is radiated above and below the universal slot antenna and this is received by the detection antenna DA.

FIGS. 11 (k) and 11 (l) show the case of a quarter wavelength antenna. The configuration is the same as in the case of a half-wave slot. When performing the parasitic resonant quarter wavelength slot of the metal surfaces M ₁ is originally slot connects the capacitor C since it is inductive, it is necessary to create a resonant condition.

  FIGS. 11 (m) and 11 (n) show cross sections in the case of a universal slot antenna having a three-layer and four-layer parallel plate line structure for each slot.

The three-layer structure is a universal slot antenna having the structure shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (f). In particular, when the slots S ₁ and S ₃ are attached to the upper and lower surfaces, the universal slot antennas are overlapped. If, by the lower surface of the slot # 1 universal slot antenna above, with the addition of a layer of parallel plate line of the open end OE as slot S ₁ and # 2 universal slot antenna overlaps the underlying not closed . As a result, the # 20 universal slot antenna is not obstructed by the # 10 universal slot antenna overlaid.

  Therefore, even if multiple universal slot antennas are stacked, the slot surface is not blocked by other overlapping universal slot antennas, and even when the slot surface is excited from above or below, the slot surface is excited from top to bottom or from bottom to top. The slot can be excited while being coupled, and the signal of the element connected to the slot can be read. In general, when used as a tag, since it has an anti-collision function, signals can be read and selected even when about 100 are stacked.

  However, if the coupling between the universal slot antennas is made too strong, interference occurs and the resonance frequency shifts, making it difficult to read back. Therefore, interference is less likely to occur if this mutual coupling is made small. In FIG. 11, the power feeding unit has been described on the side where it is placed in the slot. However, as described in FIGS. 8 and 10, it is also possible to perform stacking using the electric field, voltage, and current between the transmission lines. it can.

  Next, an embodiment in which the universal slot antenna is reduced to a business card size or a card size is shown in FIG.

  Since the standard size of the card is 55 × 85 × (0.76 ± 10%) [mm], it is necessary to make it smaller to fit in the card size. As described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the like, the slot length by the 1/2 wavelength slot is a value obtained by multiplying the 1/2 wavelength by the shortening rate. In the case of the 920 MHz band, the slot length l is about 107 mm. In order to further shorten this slot length l≈107 mm, the slot portion is formed in an H shape, and the Zig-Zag line is used for the slots of both wings of the main slot so as to shorten the slot length. Can be suppressed to 30 to 50 mm or less.

  Furthermore, since the direction of the electric field for exciting the slot, that is, the X-axis direction must be shortened to about 85 mm on the long side of the card, the half-wavelength must be 107 to 160 mm or less. The card length of 85 mm is about ¼ wavelength, and the voltage for exciting the electric field is short and the voltage induced in the slot is obtained by multiplying the electric field strength by the length. Become.

  Accordingly, since the card-sized universal slot antenna has a short communication distance, it is placed on the metal surface M as shown in FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b), and a large conductive current is directly supplied to radiate and receive electric fields. The short circuit portion can be compensated by enhancing the radiation electric field by exciting the capacitor or by capacitive short circuit. Therefore, infinite impedance of the parallel plate line below the slot requires λe / 4 from the slot to the shortened end, and can be achieved by folding the parallel plate line into two layers (two layers). it can.

This embodiment is shown in FIG. FIG. 12A shows a cross-sectional view taken along the long side of the card in the X-axis direction at the Y coordinate where the power feeding unit is connected to the approximate center of the card. Since the electrical length from the slot center to the short-circuited portion is λe / 4, 1/2 of 85 mm, which is about 54 mm, is x ₁ = 42.5 mm, and the effective quarter wavelength does not work unless the length is 54 mm. despite, since there is only 42.5mm transmission distance _{x 1,} is insufficient length of 54-42.5 ≒ 11.3mm. Therefore, the length of x ₂ = 11.3 mm must be bent to supplement the line length. In other words, in order to obtain a 1/4 wavelength line on both sides, the total of x ₁ + x ₂ = 53.8 mm of the transmission distance of x ₁ of the first layer and the transmission distance of x ₂ of the second layer is configured. Since the card thickness is 0.76 ± 10%, which is about 8 mm, in the case of a two-layer structure by bending, the thickness of the insulator, that is, the thickness of the spacer must be about 0.2 to 0.3 mm. If the thickness of the metal plate is 0.01 to 0.05 mm that normally circulates, the thickness of the three sheets is 0.03 to 0.15 mm. In the case of an insulator having a thickness of 0.2 t, the total thickness is 0.4+ ( In the case of an insulator having a thickness of 0.09 to 0.15) mm and (0.25 to 0.03) t, the overall thickness is (0.5 to 0.6) + (0.09 to 0. 0. 15) ≈0.75 mm, which can be accommodated in the length of the card. When actually manufacturing, a card with a normal size of about 107 mm in the long side direction may be bent at both ends as shown in the figure at a total length of about 85 mm, or m ₂ may be cut short from the beginning to make an insulator. It is good also as a structure which bends only. Therefore, the upper and lower insulators have the same thickness.

  In the case of 920 MHz, the skin depth of aluminum or copper is 2 μ (0.002 mm), so that even if there is some loss, the metal foil or metal of about 1 to 10 μ (0.001 to 0.01 mm) operates. Coding can be made thin using metal coding on plastic film. The metal surface may be covered with a thin plastic film except for the case where an IC chip is mounted or a portion to which power is supplied, and may be finished by attaching a thin plastic plate.

Next, FIG. 12B shows a case where the slot S ₂ is cut in the lower metal surface M ₂ and radiation is performed from below.

Figure 12 (c) To increase the another layer of the transmission line as below the card and the adjacent card slot is not blocked even when stacked card, a two-layer, the added metal plate M ₅ is opened A method of setting the end OE is shown. In order to match the card length, the card is folded into four layers. About how to make a bending part, what is necessary is just to use the same method as the case of FIG.12 (b). The hatched portion is made a filling plane with plastic P or the like.

Figure 12 (d) is not connected to the metal plate M ₁ on top of the power supply unit, connected to the middle of the metal surface M _2, an intermediate metal undergoing energy slot S ₁ of the metal plate M ₁ is received exciting the slot S ₂ cut into the surface M _2, is assembled to the card-shaped by methods described in Figure 11 in a manner to excite the power sources connected here (i) (h) (m ) (n) The structure of the case is shown.

Figure 12 (e) is further a metal surface M ₆ In addition to the downward, and a layer to add another layer of the insulating layer during this time, a case where the center of the lower metal plate and the open end OE. In order to make the length a card size and to secure an electrical length of a quarter wavelength of the transmission line, the end portion is bent along a curved line so as to have six layers.

  FIG. 12F is a perspective view of an embodiment of the card-type universal slot antenna. Since the long side is 85 mm and the short side is 55 mm, the slot length must be stored in this size, and the resonance characteristics, radiation characteristics, and transmission characteristics of the line must be stored.

  Since the slot length is only about 1/3 in the Y-axis direction in order to secure the slot length, it must be configured as an H-shaped slot extending in the X-axis direction. The shape slot is shown.

  As an example of dimensional configuration, as shown in the figure, a continuous slot of 40 mm in the Y-axis direction and 67 mm (± 33.5 mm) in the X-axis direction constitute a slot length of about 107 mm in total length, and a half-wave resonance length is configured. .

  Since the line length must also constitute a quarter wavelength of 53.5 mm, a part of the line is bent. Since the total length of the card is 85 mm and the line length must be about 107.5 mm, the difference 107.5−85 = 22.5 mm is the length of the bent portion. Accordingly, this half ½ length of 11.3 mm is the bent portion at both ends. Since the card thickness is about 0.8 mm to 1 mm, the insulator thickness becomes 0.2 to 0.3 t, so that it becomes two layers and becomes 0.4 to 0.6 t, including the metal surface and the plastic film or plastic plate on the card surface. It must be finished to a thickness of about 0.8 mm.

  In an actual structure, the plastic surface PF for performing printing that is finished up and down is bonded or laminated.

  FIG. 12 (g) shows the case where the card is further added to the card of FIG. 12 (f) and the slot length in the X-axis direction is cut to Zig-Zag to reduce the slot length in the X-axis direction. An example of the difference between both selections when securing the length is shown. Since there are many combinations, here are listed as typical examples.

  As shown in FIG. 12 (h), the slot length in the X-axis direction is as short as 40 to 65 mm, and the thickness of the four layers is obtained by bending the end of the transmission line. When used, 4 × 0.2 = 0.8t Assuming that 5 to 6 layers of 0.001t thickness of aluminum vapor deposition film is added to this, 0.006t is 0.81t as a whole, and 1mm when upper and lower covers are pasted Thickness.

  If an insulating sheet of 0.15 t is used, it is assumed that 4 × 0.15 = 0.6 t and aluminum is vapor-deposited on the sheet with a thickness of 0.001 t. When the plastic film is bonded, 0.61 + 0.2 = 0.81t, which can be accommodated in the card thickness. However, when the metal surface is made too thin or when a vapor deposition film having a high resistance value is used, the characteristics are deteriorated, so a material having good conductivity must be provided.

Figure 12 (h), as shown in FIG. 12 (g) Most also cut slots under the metal surface M ₅ of the power supply unit is connected to the cut in the metal surface M ₂ of the central slot, vertically symmetrically Fig. 5 shows a case where the parasitic slot is cut and there is radiation from the slot symmetrically in the vertical direction.

Feeding unit features be placed on a metal surface work the other slot, also connected to the metal surface M ₂ of the center of the universal slot antenna is hollow and operates from the lower exhibits infinite impedance It works in both the state (vacuum state) and on the metal surface.

  FIG. 12 (i) shows an example in which a quarter-wave slot is placed on the card. Since it is a quarter wavelength, it can be made small, but a capacitor is required to cause parasitic resonance. This is different from the case where a simple band metal is used.

  Since the matching circuit and the capacity are attached to the slot in which the power feeding unit is attached, it is unnecessary except for fine adjustment.

  As will be described in FIG. 13 below, shortening the length in the X-axis direction reduces the electric field induced in the slot S. Therefore, when operating alone, the sensitivity decreases, but when operating on a metal surface. In this case, the voltage caused by the current flowing on the metal surface is connected to the surface current of the card, and the induced voltage is increased and the radiation efficiency is improved.

  FIG. 13 shows a configuration for further downsizing. In order to shorten the long side in the X-axis direction, the overlapped part by bending is lengthened, and the transmission line on one side is configured to have a total length of λe / 4 with two layers, that is, with a length of λe / 8 The case where the total length is about λe / 4 (about 54 mm in the 920 MHz band and about 49.5 mm in the 1000 MHz band) is shown. When operating alone, the voltage generated in the slot is even lower in the case of 920 MHz, and the radiation efficiency is lowered, but it is useful for miniaturization. The slot length in the Y-axis direction is also shortened by the Zig-Zag method or the like, 20-40 mm, and the line width is also reduced, 30-50 mm.

  Further, the size can be further reduced by bending the three layers. As described above, the magnetic material sheet can be further shortened. When placed on the metal surface, as described with reference to FIG. 8A, the current with the metal surface continues, the induced current is added, and the induced current and the induced electric field lost due to the miniaturization can be compensated. FIG. 13B shows an example of the configuration of an antenna using an H-shaped slot slightly smaller than λ / 2 of a flat line. Although there is no difference in the basic configuration from FIG. 13A, it can be operated sufficiently without using a zigzag slot. As shown in FIG. 13 (c), the metal surface may be directly contacted. However, a capacitive short circuit is possible through a thin plastic film, and a high-frequency short circuit is possible.

Capacitance C = εS / d, where d = 0.01 to 0.1 × 10 ⁻³ m, S = 50 × 30 × 10 ⁻⁶ m ² and relative permittivity εr = 2.3, C is At several hundred pF, the capacitive reactance component 1 / ωCΩ is a very small value, which is close to a short circuit after the decimal point.

  In FIG. 13 (c), since the mounting bracket is attached to the metal surface surrounding the outside of the antenna, a current flows directly through the mounting bracket and is attached to the metal surface M, so that the size is shortened. Even without reducing the efficiency of the antenna.

FIG. 14 shows three examples of the appearance of the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention. PET sheet (PF ₁₎ Aluminum is deposited or metal foil is connected to the feeding portion 3 and 3 'into the slot S which is etched metal surface M ₁ laminated to, those targeted for feeding to the central portion (IC, etc. PET, which is bonded to the polyethylene (PE) with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.3 mm having a recess for storing the resin) or the polyethylene (PE) of the magnetic material sheet 10 from above, and is further vapor-deposited or laminated with aluminum so as to surround from below. A structure is shown in which a sheet (PF ₂ ) is bonded and the upper and lower aluminum surfaces are short-circuited by means such as crimping or fusion at the transmission line end. Recess of the insulator sheet 10 leaves thin so as not to directly contact the metal surface M ₂ of the lower, upper and lower metal surface M _1, M ₂ are configured to be insulated. The end of the laminate is rolled to stabilize the ears of the glue and glued to the edges. Thereby, the universal slot antenna 1 having a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 t as a whole can be configured.

FIG. 14A shows an integrated antenna of Cylindrial antenna and Slot Antenna in which metal rods are installed on the metal surfaces M ₃ and M ₄ on the side surface of the metal surface M ₁ of the universal slot antenna to supplement the excitation electric field E. In the drawing, thin plate-like bars (Arm1, Arm2) are shown instead of round bars.

If the features that shorten the length of the excitation surface of the universal slot antenna 1, shortens the length of the current path for exciting the metal surface M _1, radiation is the way to eliminate consisting disorder not performed well. Considering the case of reception, this is a method for preventing the induced voltage V from being lowered due to the small integrated value of the reception electric field E and the deterioration of the reception efficiency of the antenna. That afterthought freedom current when it is placed in the space I direction of the metal surfaces of flow of _R M _3, M ₄ the rod-like arm _(Arm 1, Arm _2), the arms of the rod-like and rod antenna about a half wavelength A state in which a current is passed through the rod-like arm in a similar operation to excite the radiated electric field is shown.

Next, FIG. 14B shows a cross-sectional view when the integrated antenna of FIG. 14A is placed on the metal surface M. FIG. Accompanying the rod-shaped antenna does not operate current is canceled by the influence of metal surface M, FIG. 8 (a), the metal surface of the slot antenna the lower surface of the metal surface M ₂ or side as described in (b) If M _3, M ₄ is in contact with the metal surface M, or if the capacitive are short-circuited, even flow in the current I _R is directly metal surface M to excite the slot plane, or normal size of the slot antenna The antenna operates in the same manner as the integrated antenna shown in FIG. 14A when placed in free space, and because it is placed on the metal surface M, the radiation directivity is only in the direction in which the slot S is cut. Radiation P is performed, and an antenna gain of about 3 to 4 dB, which is about double, is obtained.

  When viewed as an antenna, unlike the metal plate, the entire antenna can be made compact, so that it can be placed in free space or on a metal surface without compromising antenna characteristics. Reasonable radiation characteristics can be obtained and, unlike general antennas and IC tags using dipole antennas, rod-shaped antennas, etc., even better characteristics can be exhibited particularly on metal surfaces.

FIG. 14C shows an integrated antenna in which the sizes of the metal surfaces M ₁ and M ₂ are smaller than those in FIG. Since the direction of the radiation current flow of the metal surfaces M ₁ is reduced, indicating that it may increase the length of the rod, the excitation current flows current flows in the rod.

Thus from the excitation current I _R of the slot antenna it is less likely to be excited can be compensated by the portion of the metal rod. The metal bar may be a flat plate, a spring plate or a spring.

Intensive metal M ₁ and the parallel line with metal surfaces M ₂ at the bottom which constitutes the slot S may be used those a transmission line in the bent chevron as documented in Figure 12, to be described later It may be downsized by a constant.

FIG. 14 (b), the (d), but a structure not making a notch on the metal surface M ₂ below, can be similarly configured in an antenna structure made notched metal surface of the lower. Combinations can be made according to the situation and purpose of using the antenna.

FIG. 14D shows a cross-sectional view when the antenna of FIG. 14C is placed on the metal surface M. The case where the integrated antenna to which the arm-shaped (Arm ₁ , Arm ₂ ) rod-shaped antenna provided on both sides is mounted is placed on the metal surface M and is in operation is shown. Although the rod-shaped antenna does not operate without useless on metal surface M, the current I _R for exciting a slot S flows directly on the metal surface, helping radiated electric field E and the induced voltage V of the slots S, the high characteristics even on a metal surface The arm-shaped antennas (Arm ₁ , Arm ₂₎ attached to the side surface, the front surface, the back surface, etc., even when separated from the metal surface, even when the induced power amount and the radiation electric field are not decreased due to miniaturization. ), Or a rod-shaped antenna can provide excitation current and exhibit antenna characteristics. Although not shown in the figure, it can also be used as an IC tag by attaching an IC to a slot S or a portion where the impedance of the transmission line matches. This will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 14 (e) shows a difference in impedance and frequency on both the metal surface M and the insulator while providing the effects of both radiation by the ¼ wavelength main line and radiation by the sub line. An example of a small antenna with no structure is shown. The length of the lower metal plate M2 is ½ wavelength or less and the electrical length ¼ wavelength or more.

  FIG. 14 (f) shows a case of a small antenna similarly configured so that the quarter-wavelength main line and the sub-line are about ½ wavelength or less.

  The sub line has a feature that helps the radiation of the main line, absorbs the disturbance of the electric field on the side due to the metal M on the lower surface, and suppresses the change in characteristics.

  FIGS. 14 (g) and 14 (h) show a case where the capacity is shortened by providing a lumped constant as a capacity and a slit formed by a metal wall K and a window Cap, and partially passing a displacement current. As a result, the line length and slot length can be shortened. The bending method and the combined line length may be simply shortened, and the slot length may be further shortened by combining with a Zig-Zag line or the like. The added arm portion shows the case where the telescopic antenna is used. The metal arm, bar, and plate antenna should have a structure and unit length suitable for flexibility or suitable for miniaturization.

  FIG. 14H shows a cross-sectional view of FIG. 14G viewed from the side. In order to create a concentrated capacity, a metal piece K is used in the line, a small gap is provided between the upper and lower metal surfaces, and an electric field is concentrated on this to form a concentrated capacity (Capacity).

  As for the slot S, metal protrusions are projected from both sides or one side in the middle of the notch of the slot S so that concentrated capacity is similarly generated. If these capacities are insufficient, a capacity with a low high-frequency loss may be added to achieve the object. Making such a slot antenna structure in a low UHF band or a VHF band where the frequency is low and the antenna structure is large may require a lumped-constant antenna structure because the metal surface becomes large. .

  In addition, it is possible to make a metal-compatible antenna while appropriately reducing the size of the antenna by appropriately using metal arms and bars.

FIG. 14 (i) is an explanatory diagram when an equivalent concentrated capacitance (Capacity) is inserted. Also the distribution of the outer and the arm portion of the metal surface utilizing emission by current I _T and the slot S in the transmission line, i.e. the current to perform the current radiation through the metal portion of the rod-shaped (R, Current).

  FIG. 14J shows an example of downsizing when another lumped constant is used. An example is shown in which the short circuit inside the parallel plate line provides inductance, so that the inductance can be replaced by an inductance in which a coil (Coil) is wound around a magnetic material (MagM), and a transmission line can be shortened by inserting a concentrated capacitor in part. ing. The end of the coil is connected to substantially the center of the upper and lower surfaces.

  It is sandwiched between coil (Coil) flat plates wound around a magnetic body (MagM), and a metal arm (Arm) is attached to the upper flat plate. A concentrated inductance and a concentrated capacity are inserted in the middle of the slot, and the slot is shortened. In this way, the parallel plate line is shortened, and the length of the radiation antenna is supplemented by a rod-shaped antenna.

  FIG. 14 (k) shows an equivalent circuit in which a transmission line, a slot, and a rod antenna are attached.

  FIG. 14 (l) shows an example in which an IC is attached to the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention and used as an IC tag. The IC to be mounted is attached to a portion near the end of the slot S where the impedance of 50Ω can be obtained, and to a portion where the inductance of the IC and the resonance can be obtained.

  FIG. 15 shows the case where it is used outdoors or in a dirty place (high temperature place, paint place, etc.). After the universal slot antenna 1 is stored in the cover (Cov.), Insulation such as plastic or ceramic is used. The case where it is sealed or filled with a body to give weather resistance and heat resistance is shown. For attachment to the metal body M, the ear portion R of the cover is stopped with a bolt B or the like. It is better to apply an O-ring or gasket for waterproofing.

  Fig. 15 (a-1) shows the case where it is integrally molded with a special material, and Fig. 15 (a-2) shows that the cover is made of a special material and has weather resistance, heat resistance, etc. so as to suit the use environment. Yes.

  FIG. 15 (b) is flush with the metal surface M, and a recess for embedding the universal slot antenna 1 is provided in the metal surface M so that the projection of the universal slot antenna body is not damaged or excessive resistance is generated. The case where the universal slot antenna 1 is filled and then protected by a mold or a plastic plate or ceramic plate cover (Cov.) Is shown. By making it in this way, it can be configured integrally with the metal body. Furthermore, it is optimal for integration with products such as aircraft and rockets.

In FIG. 16A, two slots S ₁ and S ₂ are cut on the surface of the metal surface M ₁ , and one of the left side No.s. Connecting the feeding portion 3 only 1 slot S _1. No. on the right side. 2 slot S ₂ is a slot feed unit is not connected. The characteristic impedance Z _O of the transmission line, the energy is transmitted to the slot along the the transmission line. As described above, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is low and the impedance of the slot portion is high, and it is difficult to match and it is difficult to feed power to the adjacent right slot.

However, whether the characteristic impedance Z _O is large or small, the same impedance is connected in parallel at line lengths λe / 2, λe, 3λe / 2,... 2λe and a length that is an integral multiple of λe / 2. Because of this configuration, using this principle, as shown in FIG. If it is arranged in two slots S2 and has an impedance in which two slot portions are connected in parallel, that is, if matching is achieved at Z _S / 2, No. 1 slot S ₁ and No. ₁ 2 slot S ₂ operate as a slot having the same effect, and since the front Z-axis direction are excited as in-phase slot, it is possible to earn 3dB near the antenna gain than the directivity of the case of a single slot The loss due to VSWR degradation and reflection is small in this case. It is also possible to achieve alignment by slightly shifting the position of the IC and the power feeding unit. Moreover, even if slots are added under the same conditions, only the slot portions are connected in parallel. This is one of the great advantages of using a transmission line.

No. 1 slot S ₁ and No. ₁ 2 slot S ₂ is powered in-phase, and when placed at intervals of effective wave is so involving some also radiation in the Z-axis direction alone, not the X-axis direction as shown in FIG. 16 (e) This is radiation that does n’t matter.

Next, FIG. 16C illustrates an example in which a power feeding unit is connected between power feeding lines instead of slots, and power is collected in the power feeding line to supply power to the power feeding unit. In this case, it is preferable that the impedance Z _{O of the} transmission line is selected to an appropriate value so that impedance matching can be obtained so that power can be sufficiently supplied to the slot.

For example, assuming that the impedance Z _S of the slot is 100Ω, the IC and the feeding portion where Z _O = 100Ω are attached, and the mounting position is 100/2 = 50Ω. For impedance matching, the feed line may be configured as Zic · Zs / 2 = Z _O ² with a λ / 4 wavelength line.

Further, the purpose is achieved by the width and length of the slot portion, the feed line length x ₁ , the line length X at the end, and the matching circuit around the feed portion.

In FIG. 1 slot S ₁ and No. ₁ The space length between the two slots S ₂ is set to lambda.

FIG. 16D shows a case where three slots are connected in parallel. When a power feeding unit is attached to the middle slot of the _three slots S ₁ , S ₂ , S _{3 and} the second slot S ₂ from the left, the left and right slots, ie, the first and third slots S ₁ , S ₃ is fed through a transmission line by a parallel plate line, and the first slot S ₁ and the second slot S ₂ are connected at a distance of one wavelength apart with an effective length in the same manner as the slot arrangement described above. Therefore, the effect is the same as when three slots are connected in parallel to the power supply unit. If the impedance of one slot is Zs, the impedance is １ ／ due to the three parallel slots, and IC3 is Zs / 3. If matching is performed by impedance, the signals of the power feeding unit are equally divided into the _three slots S ₁ , S ₂ , and S ₃ , and these signals are in-phase as shown in FIGS. 16 (d) and 16 (i). In the direction Even in power transmission using a thin transmission line with low directivity and low characteristic impedance, a universal slot antenna with high antenna gain can be easily configured without much consideration for matching with the transmission line. Can do. Of course, in order to make the radiation resistances all the same, it is only necessary to configure a transformer on the transmission line to achieve impedance matching.

  FIG. 16E shows the directivity in the Zx plane of slots excited in the same phase. Since the metal surfaces on both sides of the slot have a finite length, there is some radiation in the X-axis direction, that is, 90 ° direction from the front Z-axis direction, and radiation occurs because there is excitation of the in-phase slot at one wavelength. The radiation in the Z-axis direction has a coefficient corresponding to the number of slots if the slots are excited in the same phase, but if the in-phase slots are arranged for each wavelength, the radiation is also added in the X-axis direction.

  FIG. 16 (f) shows the case where there is one λ / 2 wavelength slot, and the total length in the X-axis direction in the metal surface, that is, in the Z and X-axis surfaces when 2X is one wavelength longer than λ / 2 wavelength. Radiates with maximum directivity in the Z-axis direction. In the −Z-axis direction and the ± X-axis direction, since the metal surface has a finite length, radiation that spills over is performed.

FIG. 16G shows a case where four slots are arranged. IC or power supply unit is connected between the metal surface of the M ₂ and M ₅ in a substantially central portion of the line in the second transmission line having a characteristic impedance of Z _02. The metal surface M ₂ has an open end OE of the one by one window to the left and right, this portion has a feeding point FP of the first transmission line.

Since these four slots S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ are excited in the same phase, in the case of reception, an example in which the received energy is supplied in the same phase to the power feeding unit via the transmission line is shown. That is, no. 1 slot S ₁ , No. ₁ 2 slots S ₂ , No. ₂ 3 slots S ₃ , No. ₃ The power received in the 4 slot S ₄ is transmitted through the first-layer Zo ₁ transmission line, collected in the same phase by the second-layer Zo ₂ transmission line, and connected between the Zo ₂ lines. The power supply unit is configured to be applied and supplied. FIGS. 16H and 16K are cross-sectional views of the transmission line. The feeding part F from the second layer to the first layer may be an open end OE or a notch such as a slit. The slots may be arranged so that they are simply connected in parallel as in the case of FIG.

In FIGS. 16H and 16K, the power feeding unit is connected between the lines, but may be connected to the slot S of the line or the open end OE as described later. In FIG. 16 (h), when the four slots S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ are excited in the same phase, considerable directivity is obtained, and the directivity gain is 5 as compared with the case of a single slot. The case where -6 dB is obtained is shown. The gain of the universal slot antenna of the present invention is 3 to 5 dB higher than that of the dipole, so that the gain is increased nearly 10 dB as a whole, and the management of products and places can be easily performed.

The radiation directivity of the slot S in FIG. 16 (k), shows the case of a Phased to or oblique, to receive or to emit inclined in theta ₁ direction than the Z-axis direction rather than the Z axis direction of the front .

  Thereby, even if a universal antenna is mounted on a vertical plane, communication can be performed diagonally upward, and therefore, communication with an antenna (USA) from the ceiling or diagonally upward is possible even if the fixed antenna is not directly beside. Since the combination of directivities is a way of assembling antennas, only an example is given here.

For radiation directivity in FIG 16 (k), for example, slot slot S ₂ around the S ₁ is delayed by [delta], the slot S ₃ performs feeding 2.delta., Slot S ₄ is delayed by 3Deruta, and was powered. The space spacing in the X axis direction of each slot is made the same.

  When slots are arranged at different intervals, it is sufficient to perform phase compensation accordingly. The impedance matching of the slot and the power feeding unit may be performed in consideration of the impedance matching circuit and the end condition.

FIG. 16 (i) shows a slot antenna having a strong gain in the Z-axis direction with directivity in the ZX plane by the arrangement slots of FIGS. 16 (g) and 16 (h). The impedance matching between the slot and the power feeding unit must be designed in consideration of the size of the characteristic impedances Z ₀₁ and Z ₀₂ of the slot, the line length, and the like.

Regardless of the characteristic impedance Z ₀₁ or Z _{02 of the} line, that is, even when the line impedance is low, if the slots are connected with the line length as shown in FIG. 16 (j), the characteristic impedance Z ₀₁ or the second line of the first line regardless the characteristic impedance Z ₀₂ of the impedance relationship is established as follows, feeding point feeding portion is connected indicates that the slot one impedance Zs. That is, it is shown that matching may be performed by the same method as that for matching with the resistance Z _IC of the power feeding unit for one slot.

To explain this, .lambda.e / 4 wavelength slot S ₁ and slot S ₂ in Telecommunications length of the line, i.e. .lambda.e / 4 of apart by a length and connected, the impedance Z _FP1 of the central portion is connected to each side of the slot Therefore, it becomes 1/2, and Z _FP1 = Z ₀₁ ² / 2Zs.

Further, since the slot S ₃ and the slot S ₄ are also configured with the same electric wavelength, Z _FP2 = Z ₀₁ ² / 2Zs.

  Furthermore, the following equation is established for the power feeding unit FP3 on the left side of the second line that is a quarter wavelength away from the electric wavelength.

^{_{Z FP3 = Z 02 2 / Z}} FP1 = 2Zs · Z 02 2 / Z 01 2
If the characteristic impedances Z ₀₁ and Z ₀₂ have the same structure, Z ₀₂ ² / Z ₀₁ ² = 1, and the impedance of the feeding point FP3 is Z _FP3 = 2Zs.

  Similarly, the following equation is also established in the power supply unit FP4 on the right side of the second line.

^{_{Z FP4 = Z 02 2 / Z}} FP2 = 2Zs · Z 02 2 / Z 01 2
Similarly, assuming that Z ₀₂ = Z ₀₁ , the impedance of the feed point FP4 is also Z _FP4 = 2Zs.

Impedances Z _FP3 and Z _{FP4 at} the left third feed point FP3 and the right feed point FP4 in the second line were obtained. At the fifth feed point FP5 in the central portion that is ½ wavelength in electrical wavelength from each of the feed portions, that is, λe / 2, the left impedance is the impedance of the ½ wavelength line, so the same impedance is obtained. Therefore, the impedance when the left side is added is 2Zs, and the impedance when the right side is viewed with respect to the same feeding point is also 2Zs. Therefore, at this feeding point FP5, the impedance is the same as that of 2Zs being connected in parallel on the left and right. Therefore, Z _FP5 = 2Zs / 2 = Zs.

That is, as described above, if the same characteristic impedances Z ₀₁ and Z ₀₂ are the same, impedance matching is simply performed by matching the line length, not limited to its size, and a four-stage slot array is formed. Can do.

By using the ratio of Z ₀₂ / Z ₀₁ or the ratio of Z ₀₂ ² / Z ₀₁ ² , it is possible to further match the resistance component Zs of the slot and the resistance component Z _IC of the power feeding unit.

Next, instead of maximizing the radiation in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis slot array arrangement, the electric field or current exciting the slot is affected as described in FIGS. 16 (k) and 16 (l). the directivity of the theta ₁ direction oblique radiation, such as FIG. 16 (m) than the Z-axis direction with the phase difference will be described how to maximize.

  When universal slot antennas are mounted in parallel or horizontally, the antenna for transmitting and receiving them is not always beside or directly above. In other words, it may be more convenient for the antenna directivity to be oblique, and it may be more convenient to configure the antenna so that there is radiation in a certain direction.

Figure 16 (k) slots _{S 1} and slot _{S 2} with respect to the feeding FP1 in is not equidistant, it from the slot _{S 1} in slot _{S 2} is the distance x is longer, will be powered with a delay . That is, the signal emitted from the power when propagating divided into right and left from the feed point FP1, reached early in slot S _1, excited quickly towards the slot S _1. Assume that slot S ₂ is excited with a delay of δ = βX _s sin θ ₁ . Then since radio wave radiated from the slot S ₁ is proceeding, radio waves radiated from the throttle S ₂ is the radio waves in phase so emitted from later in phase where shifted to the right.

Feed point FP is on the left side is in the cheek center of the slot S ₁ and slot S _2, on the right side is in substantially the center of the slot S ₃ and the slot S _4, since the position the same distance is divided into right and left on each slot It will be excited in the same phase. Considering reception, signals and radio waves that have entered in the same phase gather at the feeding point FP in the same phase, and power can be supplied in phase to the feeding unit attached to the second layer via the feeding point FP.

The left side of the slot S _{1 and} the right side of the slot S ₂ are short-circuited by λe / 4 in terms of electrical length. The same applies to the slot S ₃ and the slot S ₄ . Each end has an infinite impedance, and no further radio waves propagate, and all power is supplied to the slot.

Slot S ₁ and slot S ₂ and the slot S ₃ and at the same time in phase with each in the theta ₁ direction slot S ₄ must match the phase at theta ₁ direction. Since all the radio waves radiated from the slot S ₁ , the slot S ₂ , the slot S ₃ , and the slot S ₄ must have the same phase in the θ direction, if the slots are arranged at equal intervals, the slots are excited. voltage and current of a phase that has to unless we shifted by [delta], as shown in FIG. 16 (k), based on the power supply unit or signal generator, there is a first feeding portion to the distance of the left X ₁₁ If, on the right side, the second feeding unit is located at a distance of X ₁₁ + 2δ, the slot S ₂ is fed with a phase difference of δ with respect to the slot S ₁ , and the slot S ₃ is fed with a phase difference of 2δ. it slot S ₄ is fed with a phase difference of 3δ can be understood from FIG. That is, the case where the transmission distance of the radio wave by the transmission line is used well and phase difference feeding is performed is shown. Even in the case of reception, even if a radio wave with a phase shifted by δ arrives at each slot, the phase adjustment can be performed inside the transmission line so that the phase at the connection point of the power feeding unit is in phase using the difference in radio wave transmission distance Is shown. This by a phase difference δ = βXs · sinθ ₁ phase caused by the sine length sin [theta _1, i.e. Xs · sin [theta ₁ slot arrangement interval Xs to the theta ₁ ° tilted directivity to the right as shown in FIG. 16 (m) What is necessary is to compensate by an internal transmission line.

A simple vector calculation of radiation directivity is as follows.
E (θ) = F (θ) {1 + e ^{−jβXs (sinθ− sinθ1)} + e ^{−j2βXs (sinθ−sinθ1 )} + e ^{−j3βXs (sinθ−sinθ1)} }
= F (θ) · {1-e− ^{j4βXs (sinθ−sinθ1)} } / {1-e− ^{jβXs (sinθ−sinθ1)} }
= F (θ) · sin {4βXs · sin (θ−θ ₁ ) / 2 · cos (θ−θ ₁ ) / 2}
From this equation, where θ is close to θ ₁ ,
sin (θ−θ ₁ ) / 2 = (θ−θ ₁ ) / 2
And
E (θ) = F (θ) · {4βXs · (θ−θ ₁ ) / 2} / {βXs · (θ−θ ₁ ) / 2}
= 4
Thus, it can be seen that θ = θ ₁ indicates the maximum value.

Instead of connecting the feeding portion between the lines in FIG. 16 (l), also cut open end OE or the third metal surface M ₅ for connecting the feeding portion between the metal surface cuts a slot S, wherein the power source The case where 3 is connected is shown. Further requires metal surface M ₆ downward in this case. A similar method is also possible in FIG.

Next, in FIGS. 16 (o) and (p), slots S ₁ and S ₂ are arranged in a letter C or a letter T at intervals of about λe / 4 wavelength from the end of the metal surface M _1. The case where polarization is generated is shown.

In FIG. 16 (o), the slots S ₁ and S ₂ are forcibly arranged at right angles by separating the distance between the slots S ₁ and S ₂ by X, and each slot has a feed line (50Ω coaxial cable) of 90 °. This shows a case where a clockwise or counterclockwise circularly polarized radio wave is radiated by supplying power to each with a phase delay or a phase difference of. Although the slots S ₁ and S ₂ are arranged obliquely with respect to the parallel transmission line, the short-circuit metal surface M is located at a position that is about λe / 4 wavelength away from the center of each slot to the end of the metal surface M _{1. 3} , M ₄ , and basically, the short-circuited metal surfaces M ₃ , M ₄ can be operated with an electrical length of λe / 4 wavelength as in the case where the slot is cut in the Y-axis direction.

FIG 16 (p), and feeding only the left side of the slot S _1, on the right side of the slot S2 as a configuration to power using the transmission line of the parallel plate transmission line. As shown in the figure, when the distance between the slots S ₁ and S ₂ is separated by λe / 4 wavelength in terms of electrical length, and circularly polarized light is radiated by supplying power with a phase difference of 90 ° to the slot S ₂ Is shown. In the case of FIG. 16 (p), the circularly polarized wave is clockwise when viewed from the transmission side, and when the circularly polarized wave is counterclockwise, the letter C may be reversed.

  FIGS. 17A and 17B show a case where the thin universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention is attached to the surface of a mobile phone. Since the frequency of the mobile phone is divided by the carrier of 900 MHz band, 1400 MHz band, 1600 MHz band, and the like, it is not specified because an antenna matched to each carrier and frequency may be attached. In addition, there is a demand for an antenna capable of receiving radio waves such as 2.45 GHz band LAN, Bluetooth, TV, etc. In an environment where many metal surfaces are used, a thin, small and light slot antenna is optimal. On the opposite side of the liquid front of a smartphone or the like, an antenna must be placed on a metal chassis. If a metal cover is used, the metal cover can be used as a part of the antenna.

  Recently, damage to eyes and brain due to radio waves has become a hot topic, and the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention has almost no radiation inside than a non-directional antenna using a dipole antenna or a single metal plate. Is optimal. FIG. 17A shows a case where a vertically polarized antenna (VPA) is attached to the metal part on the back of the liquid crystal, where the dotted line is a parallel plate line part and the H part is a slot antenna. FIG. 17B shows a case where the upper side is a vertically polarized antenna (VPA) and the lower side is a horizontally polarized antenna (HPA).

  Next, a communication system using the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 18 shows an example of constructing a universal slot antenna on the lid of a personal computer (PC) and the metal surface on the back side of the liquid crystal surface. Various types such as Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, cellular phone, TV, etc. The wireless antenna can be installed on the side of the casing or the bottom of the PC main body. In addition to Skype, this antenna can be used even when a mobile phone is in the PC.

  Recently, a coupling antenna using a leaky sheet that does not radiate the table is attached to a desk, and there is a place where wireless LAN communication is possible. In such a place, when the antenna is attached to the bottom surface, the coupling with the transmission sheet may be more possible. 18A shows a case where two types of a horizontally polarized antenna (HPA) and a vertically polarized antenna (VPA) are arranged, and FIG. 18B shows a horizontally polarized antenna. The case where two types (HPA) and three types of vertically polarized antennas (VPA) are arranged is shown.

  FIG. 19 shows a case where the universal slot antenna 1 is attached to the camera body. Thus, the camera ID and camera digital data can be automatically transmitted and received, and the camera management and location management can be performed.

  FIG. 20 shows an example in which the universal slot antenna 1 is configured as a slot array antenna. A method of exciting the electric field Ex in the X-axis direction and the electric field Ey in the Y-axis direction when an IC tag or the like is placed thereon. Indicates.

  In the perspective views of FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b), slots are arranged at intervals of about one wavelength on two lines, and half-shaped or T-shaped slots S separated by λ / 4 wavelength are arranged in the middle. This is a method of creating electric fields Ex and Ey in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by means of the letter S or T-shaped slot S. However, the method of generating the electric fields Ex and Ey in any continuous place is as follows. When the half-wave slots are shifted by λ / 4 wavelengths and arranged in two or more rows as shown in FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b), The electric fields Ex and Ey can be generated without interruption at any place and can be used as a sensor antenna placed on a shelf. Another feature is that the slot array antenna can be placed directly on the metal shelf.

FIG. 20 (c) shows the power feeding portions of the slot sensor antennas for shelves arranged in two rows. The case where power is supplied to the slot S while supplying power to the first slot and transmitting power to the right is shown. A method may be used in which power is supplied to the middle slot and transmitted to both sides. In that case, the metal surface M ₃ aspect shown in FIG. 20 (c) is not required, will be mounted near the slot S of the last two ends.

  FIG. 20D shows a side structure of a cross section of a coaxial line, a strip line, and a triprate line. Although the feeding portion has been shown as being coaxial, a strip line, a triplate, or the like may be used, and a matching transformer may be simultaneously formed using these lines.

FIG 20 (e), when the radiation impedance Zs of the slot is inserted every one wavelength line Z _O, the lambda / 4 wavelength away, further the same slot radiating impedance Zs is inserted, the line An example in which a reflection-free line can be constructed by causing reflections of the same magnitude within the range and being λ / 4 wavelengths away from each other, resulting in a λ / 2 wavelength in a round trip, and canceling the reflections.

  Therefore, if the coupling with an appropriate slot and the amount of attenuation by radiation are designed according to the number of slots, all the power can be supplied to the arranged slots, and the universal slot antenna for such a shelf without worrying about the reflection of the line. The transmission line can be constructed.

  FIG. 20 (f) shows the above case, and as shown in FIG. 20 (b), the H-shaped or T-shaped slots S are arranged at λ / 4 wavelength intervals to construct a non-reflective line. A case where the laser beam is excited with a shift of two wavelengths and arranged in parallel is shown. Therefore, as described above, the electric field Ex and the electric field Ey exist in both the X-axis and Y-axis directions on the upper surface of the slot antenna at any position, so that any direction tag can be coupled. It can be set as a sensor antenna which can be made, and it can be set as a non-reflection line. The slot length is determined by the length of the line, and the coupling amount and attenuation amount between the slot and the line are determined, so that power can be sent uniformly to all slots.

  Further, in order to uniformly distribute the amount of power to be coupled to the slot antenna, the coupling may be determined so that the distribution amount of power is 1 / n when n slots are provided. This can be roughly determined by the length of the slot. In other words, the length of the slot near the power supply section should be shortened to reduce radiation, and gradually increase to increase the coupling amount between the slot and the line, and radiate all the remaining power in the last slot.

  In FIG. 20, a slot antenna configuration is used for the shelf, and the slot is cut only on the upper surfaces of the upper and lower metal plates, and the inner part of the electrical length λe of the transmission line from the first feeding slot on the left side is shown. Short-circuited at a wavelength λe / 4 away, and the right side has an infinite impedance, so that electromagnetic waves are transmitted only to the right side. The electromagnetic wave transmitted to the right is transmitted to the right up to the length of the shelf by exciting the upper C-shaped slot or T-shaped slot. Similarly, by short-circuiting the end of the line that is about λe / 4 wavelength apart in electrical length from the final end slot at the right end, the right end of the final slot is set to infinite impedance, and the radio wave is transmitted to the right. Is not transmitted. When the number of slots arranged on the upper surface of a row of transmission lines is n, and the power applied to the row of transmission lines is P, the total power is equalized by setting the power radiated in each slot to P / n. To be emitted.

  This method can be achieved by changing the coupling coefficient between the slot and the transmission line to the number of slots n, where the first excited slot radiates P / n power and the next slot is P / n−1. It may be designed to radiate electric power. Specifically, the slot length is initially designed to be smaller than 1/2 wavelength, so that less power is radiated, the slot length is gradually increased, and the final slot length is approximately 1/2 wavelength resonant slot. As long as it can be designed to radiate all the remaining power, this method has been established with a circular polarization line or the like.

  Depending on the depth of the shelf, it is necessary to increase the number of parallel plate lines, increase the transmission power of R / W and communication equipment, or supply power separately, or distribute power by branching and distributing power. And the conditions for obtaining reception sensitivity.

  In the present embodiment, a system is shown in which power is divided into two branches and distributed to two rows of transmission lines. This corresponds to the case where a large number of C-shaped slots in FIG. 16 are provided.

  In the case of a shelf antenna, the lower part may be a metal shelf or wooden, but by using the universal slot antenna of the present invention, it can be used for any purpose. In some cases, it is not only used as horizontal but also used vertically.

  Generally, products are stacked on a shelf antenna and an IC tag is attached to the shelf antenna. Therefore, the IC tag is oriented in the Y-axis direction or the X-axis direction. Since circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are radiated, even an IC tag oriented in any direction of 360 ° can be coupled by an electromagnetic field. The IC tags 1 and 2 placed on FIG. 20A are general rod-shaped tags, and the IC tags 3 and 4 are examples of IC tags (USAT) in which slots and slits are cut on a metal surface. ing. A plastic metal (or resin) cover (Cover) is placed on the shelf antenna, so that IC tags and products on the shelf are not directly placed on the metal shelf antenna.

  In this way, it is considered that the antenna is constructed by short-circuiting the end of the parallel plate line and shifting the distance from the nearest slot antenna by about ¼ wavelength.

  However, in order to transmit electric power, the specific impedance of the parallel plate line must be made a little larger, and if a transmission line of 0.5 mm thickness or less such as a universal tag is used, the characteristic impedance is low. Since it becomes too much, the height (thickness) h of the Heio board line needs the thickness of about 5-20 mm. In FIG. 16, a method that can be used with a thin parallel plate line has been described. However, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line that increases the number of slots and transmits power is preferably several Ω to several pick-up Ω, the transmission loss is reduced, and the matching circuit is reduced. It becomes easy to assemble.

  FIG. 21 shows a method of exciting the electric field Ex in the X-axis direction by adding a dipole antenna DA instead of the slot. The dipole antenna DA is installed at a distance of about 0.2 to 0.25 wavelength from a metal shelf or a reflector. Accordingly, a radio wave with an electric field Ez is radiated in the upper Z-axis direction. If the dipole antenna DA is arranged in a C-shape or a T-shape as shown in FIG. 21C and the transmission line is similarly excited at intervals of ¼ wavelength, both the electric field Ex and Ey can be excited. . Here, an example of a shelf antenna that can be configured by a dipole is shown.

  FIG. 21B shows a case where two dipole antennas DA are connected to two parallel lines and are fed every other wavelength as a unit with a quarter wavelength apart.

  For example, an antenna is formed by etching a printed circuit board, and a parallel line may be accompanied in the same manner. Alternatively, a parallel line may be etched on another board, and then a connection with a line perpendicular to the antenna may be performed. You may make by the method of performing a through-hole and wiring simultaneously by making a lower surface into a parallel track and using an upper surface as an antenna terminal using a board | substrate. FIG. 12B shows an example in which dipole antennas DA are arranged in two stages.

FIG. 21 (d) shows an equivalent circuit of FIG. 21 (b). As shown in the figure, since the same impedance Z _D 1/4-wavelength intervals are connected, be periodically inserted in the same way dipole antenna reflection is canceled in the case of above, the impedance of the transmission line Due to this difference, a reflected wave is generated in the transmission line, so that there is no delay in impedance characteristics, poor power transmission, or mismatch.

  In FIG. 22, when the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) of the present invention is mounted on various objects, it is read by an identification antenna, a fixed reader, a handy terminal, an antenna or reader having a wireless LAN terminal function, and recorded or controlled. In this case, the data transmission, management, and data transmission management are illustrated.

  FIG. 22 (a) is for direct attachment to a device body that requires management. When attaching to a metal chassis, the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) of the present invention is directly glued or screwed to do nothing with the attached device. As shown by the dotted line and the method of mounting, the slot S of the same size or larger is cut in the device, and the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention is mounted in this hole. The slot can be cut directly on the metal surface, or the pre-made slot antenna of the present invention can be attached.

  In the case of slots of the same size, it is better to be in contact with the metal surface M to which the power feeding unit is attached as much as possible. Otherwise, the slot S of the device operates as a parasitic resonator, and conversely functions to block radiation to the slot S to which the power feeding unit of the main body is connected. If they are not the same size or slightly larger as in the case of radio, this time, the resonance of the main body slot S is broken. If the universal slot antenna of the main body is insulated, the impedance of the slot is so large that it deviates from the resonance state (tuned state), and the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) can be prevented from being disturbed. Such cautions are necessary when using the universal slot antenna 1 having the same metal surface. The communication equipment unit loaded on the equipment is connected to the universal slot antenna. As shown in the figure, a slot or a slot dipole can be directly cut into a device chassis to directly supply power, or an IC inlet can be directly attached. As shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, the IC information of the PCB on which the internal information of the device is mounted is converted to the internal information of the device via the IC using the function of the UHF tag by the IC chip having the IC interface. Can be obtained and managed. For example, it is convenient because record information, display information, normal / error information, management information, and the like can be acquired from the outside.

  Communication is performed with a universal slot antenna and a fixed circularly polarized antenna (C. Ant) mounted under the above-described conditions, and communication with a fixed communication device. The communication system which records and controls with PC is shown. In this case, data can be transmitted via the Internet or a dedicated line connected to a PC (personal computer), and the server can manage the recording. The circularly polarized antenna is not specified because it may be a polarized antenna in which dipoles are crossed and a 90-degree phase is added, a helical ring antenna, a patch antenna, or a circularly polarized antenna with a 90-degree C-shaped slot. .

  In addition, when a dedicated controller is used, a controller (Cont) for using a radio such as Zig Bee or Blue Tooth (registered trademark) or constructing a local area network (LAN) or the like is necessary, a broken line A similar network can be constructed by installing a controller and a PC. For communication with the terminal, wireless LAN (Wireless LAN) or WiFi may be used so that data is immediately sent to the host computer.

  The tag data can be read and recorded by a handy terminal or a mobile phone terminal MPh having a reader function.

  FIG. 22B shows a case where the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is attached to a vehicle or a truck. Universal slot antenna 1 (USA) of the present invention is attached to any device or object M having a metal surface, and this signal is used as a universal slot antenna 1 (USA) having a circularly polarized antenna (C. Ant) function using a C-shaped slot. ), And communicates with a device to which universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is attached via a communication device, and performs recording and management with a PC.

  A broken line portion on the left side shows a case where a controller (Cont) is separately provided to perform recording and control. In this case, it can be used when a LAN is constructed or other devices are controlled. Further, a wireless LAN network may be used.

  The controller program can be controlled by a PC and can also transfer data. USA data provided with a universal slot antenna can be recorded by a communication function device or the like, and can be exchanged by a controller (Cont) or a reader provided in a PC. Since the PC is connected to the LAN or the Internet, it is possible to cope with communication, recording, control, and the like with a specific server.

  Therefore, by using the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention, any object or person can be managed under the network.

  Next, FIG. 23 shows a case where a universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is used for management and communication of moving objects and parts such as cars and airplanes.

  As shown in FIG. 23, the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is optimal because it can be constructed as a small, thin and light antenna as a communication antenna with a communication device mounted on an automobile or an aircraft.

  FIG. 23 (a) shows a case where the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) of the present invention is attached to the hood, roof, side surface, etc. of the vehicle for management, and car parts can be similarly managed. . Special vehicles such as bulldozers and cranes are also optimal for managing entry / exit and rental from the garage and rental storage. In addition to managing the parking lot, the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is installed at the doorway to manage the parking lot and can be used for communications with RFIDs that could not be used until now due to the problem of communication distance. .

  FIG. 23B shows a case where it is used for management of an airplane body and airplane parts. In the maintenance of airplane parts, it is necessary to strictly limit the use time, etc., but by checking the state of the parts while they are mounted, optimal management can be performed for grasping the state of the parts. The place where the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is installed must be light and thin so as not to receive external air resistance. The universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is most suitable for such a purpose, and when used at a high temperature, the insulator or the like or the surface can be cut off with ceramic. With the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) for communication, the slot antenna for communication between the airplane body and the ground has the feature that it can be used without increasing the same resistance.

  Next, FIG. 24 shows a case where the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is used for animal management and location. The universal slot antenna 1 is attached to the animal with a band or the like. A transmitter is attached to an animal that travels over long distances, making it ideal for antennas that capture movement, track data, or investigate habits.

  Generally used dipole antennas and monopole antennas tend to catch elements due to their shape, and there is a high possibility of restricting animal behavior, but the universal slot antenna 1 (USA) of the present invention is wrapped around the neck or body. Since it can be used, it can be used in natural form without adversely affecting animals and birds.

  FIG. 24 (a) shows an embodiment in the case of using the flexible universal slot antenna 1 having a thickness of about 0.3 to 1 mm to make a curved surface.

In order to be able to mount the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention in accordance with the curved surface of the object to which the universal slot antenna 1 is attached, processing is performed so that bands (Bands) are attached to both ends Ed ₁ and Ed ₂ of the universal slot antenna. A case where the universal slot antenna 1 of the present invention is wound is shown. The slot S shows a case where it is cut in the direction along the circumference of the curved surface, so that the electric field E is excited in the cylindrical axial direction (Y-axis direction in terms of coordinates), and the magnetic field H is excited in the circumferential direction. The radiated power travels in the radial direction of the cylinder, and radiates so that the slot is substantially uniform around the cylinder, which is suitable for such a purpose. It is suitable for applications that wrap around metal objects, people, animals, etc.

  Slots are formed at the ends of the band on both sides of the slit antenna to allow the band to pass through. Even a thick object can be wound by passing the band. Taking advantage of this structure, the universal slot antenna of the present invention can also be configured as a tag.

FIG. 24B shows a case where the direction of the slot S is perpendicular so that the electric field and the magnetic field are interchanged as compared with the case of FIG. That is, the direction of the electric field is the circumferential direction of the cylinder, the direction of the magnetic field is the axial direction of the cylinder, and radiation is performed in the radial direction of the cylinder.
Although the length in the axial direction of the cylinder is shortened on both sides, if it is configured to have a sufficient length, the excitation distance of the electric field and current in the slot S of FIG. By using a current flowing through a metal body such as a capacitive short, a band-type universal slot antenna 1 that performs high-performance radiation without degrading performance can be configured.

  Also in the band-shaped universal slot antenna 1 of the H-shaped slot S in FIG. 24B, it is better to take this distance sufficiently because the cylindrical axis length becomes the excitation length of the electric field or current. Since the length of the cylinder in the axial direction is related to the slot length l, it is preferable to have a certain length, for example, about 30 to 50 mm.

  1 shows a structure in which a flexible thin strip-shaped universal slot antenna 1 having a thickness of about 0.5 mm is wound around a round object. At the end of the slot S, a metal part or a plastic part is further connected, and this is wound. The belt portion may be wound, or may be further attached with a stainless steel band, a nylon band, or the like.

  The description of the figure is in the form of a cylinder, but it may be a circle, an ellipse, a flat column, a triangle, a square, a polygon, etc.

  24 (c1), (c2), (c3), and (c4) are universal slot antennas that are attached to the body and neck of animals such as domestic animals such as cattle, chickens and pigs, and pets such as dogs, cats and birds. The case where 1 (USA) is attached is shown.

  At the gate, the double-sided universal slot antenna 1 (USA) is attached to the neck to control the movement and entry / exit of the animal. When the animal passes nearby, the fixed universal slot antenna 1 (USA) uses a circularly polarized antenna (C Ant) captures communications with animals, IDs, and data, so location management, conductors, behavior management, and location management can be performed automatically.

  As described above, in the case of the configuration in which the universal slot antenna of the present invention is wound, the slot is formed in the direction along the circumference of the curved surface, so that the electric field is excited in the cylindrical axial direction (Y-axis direction in terms of coordinates) and the magnetic field is Because it is excited in the circumferential direction, the radiated power travels in the radial direction of the cylinder, and the slots are radiated almost uniformly around the cylinder. Can provide a universal slot antenna.

1 Universal slot antenna 2 Slot 3 Feeder 4 Substrate (PCB, FPC)
5 PCB connection terminals (feeding section)
6 Transformer section 7 Connection terminal of base with power supply section 8 Lead terminal of power supply section 9 Lead terminal of power supply section 10 Insulator sheet 11 Power supply pin 12 from metal section of slot section to power supply section Power supply section from metal section of slot section feeding pin to the power supply portion of a metal portion of the feed pin 13 slot to C capacitance CE transceiver, the radiation electric field _{E T} parallel plate line than the electric field Esr slots of the R / W such as E field Es slot electric field Er radiation field H Magnetic field h Parallel plate line height (insulator thickness)
Excitation current IC IC of I _S slot
Short-circuit of I _T line current l slot length L inductance M objects metal surface Ms slot comes next cut is to have a metal surface M ₁ surface of the metal surface M ₂ tag surface metal surface M ₃ parallel plate line Metal side (short-circuit side)
M ₄ metal surface for short-circuiting the parallel plate line (short-circuit surface of the side)
Mutual coupling coefficient m of mutual coupling coefficient m ₂ slots each other between the fourth metal surface m ₁ slot of the third metal surface M ₇ line of the surface of the second metal surface M ₆ lines of the surface of the surface of the M ₅ lines Mutual coupling coefficient between ₃ slots m Mutual coupling coefficient between ₄ slots m Mutual coupling coefficient between ₅ slots ms Metal plate OE with cut slots Open end (central part) of flat line
PC Personal computer Pf Power Pr to the end of the transmission line Reflected power Ps from the end Ps Radiated power from the slot R Resistance value R / W Reader / writer S Slot S ₁ First surface slot S ₂ Second surface slot (intermediate slot) )
S ₃ Third surface slot V Voltage V _A Line feed voltage V _S Slot voltage V _T Transmission line voltage W Parallel plate line width (width of metal plane in Y-axis direction)
W 'Parallel plate line width (width of the metal surface in the Y-axis direction)
W ″ parallel plate line width (width of the metal surface in the Y-axis direction)
Line length of X ₁ transmission line (approximately lambda / 4)
X Line length of parallel plate transmission line (approximately λ / 4)
Z _S slot impedance Z _A slot impedance seen both ends of the line from Z _B line permittivity of the impedance Z _O characteristic impedance epsilon material of the end of the (= ε ₀ · ε _r)
ε ₀ Dielectric constant in vacuum (= 1 / 36π × 10 ⁹ F / m)
ε _r relative dielectric constant μ Permeability of material (= μ ₀ · μ _r )
μ ₀ Permeability in vacuum (= 4π × 10 ⁻⁷ H / m)
propagation speed of μ _r relative permeability Vc electromagnetic field (speed of _{light: 1 / √ε 0 · μ 0} = 3 × 10 8)
ω Slot width (= 4ρ)
ρ Dipole antenna rod radius

Claims (29)

A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and a parallel plate transmission line is configured with the plurality of metal surfaces by sandwiching an insulator having a predetermined thickness between the plurality of metal surfaces,
A slot having a slot length of about ½ wavelength, an appropriate length H-shape, or an open portion having a U-shape is cut out on an arbitrary metal surface of the plurality of metal surfaces,
Both ends of the plurality of metal surfaces are short-circuited by a short-circuited metal surface so that the lower impedance at the power supply unit of the transmission line becomes infinite impedance with respect to the slot or slit, and further supplied to a predetermined position of the slot. An antenna having a power feeding portion for connecting an electric wire. A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and a parallel plate transmission line is configured with the plurality of metal surfaces by sandwiching an insulator having a predetermined thickness between the plurality of metal surfaces,
A slot having a ½ wavelength slot length or a slit having an appropriate length is cut out on an arbitrary metal surface of the plurality of metal surfaces, and a power feeding unit for connecting a power feeding line to a predetermined position of the slot is further provided. ,
The antenna, wherein the other parallel-plate transmission line on the metal surface is disposed so as to have an infinite impedance with respect to the slot. A plurality of metal surfaces are arranged opposite to each other, and a parallel plate transmission line is configured with the plurality of metal surfaces by sandwiching an insulator having a predetermined thickness between the plurality of metal surfaces,
A slot having a 1/4 wavelength slot length or a slit having an appropriate length is cut out on an arbitrary metal surface of the plurality of metal surfaces, and an infinite impedance is provided at both ends of the transmission line with respect to the slot. An antenna, comprising: a power feeding portion for connecting both ends of the plurality of metal surfaces to each other at a predetermined position of the slot;   4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein an edge on one side of the slot cut through the metal surface is short-circuited with another metal surface arranged oppositely. 5. An antenna characterized by forming a parallel plate transmission line only.   4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is selected from a magnetic material, a dielectric material, and a ceramic to be used as the insulator in order to increase the impedance of the parallel plate transmission line. 5. Characteristic antenna.   4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the parallel plate transmission line is a parallel plate transmission line in which a transmission line is formed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the slot. 5. Characteristic antenna.   4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein when the slot or slit formed on the upper surface of the metal surface constituting the parallel plate transmission line is provided, an end of the parallel plate transmission line is formed. An antenna having a structure in which a parallel plate transmission line on a metal surface on a lower surface facing each other is short-circuited.   4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein when the slot and the slit formed on the upper surface of the metal surface constituting the parallel plate transmission line are provided, the metal surface on the lower surface facing the antenna. The same slot is also formed in the antenna.   4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein when the slot and the slit are provided on the upper surface of the metal surface constituting the parallel plate transmission line, an open end is provided on the metal surface of the lower surface facing the antenna. An antenna characterized by being formed.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the slot or slit length of the slot or slit is shortened and the width of the transmission line is shortened to reduce the metal surface. An antenna characterized by miniaturizing the antenna and performing impedance matching.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the slot antenna is reduced in size by bending the transmission line in order to reduce the metal surface.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the line length is shortened or the line width is reduced in order to match the capacity and resistance value of the IC chip and to match the impedance of the power feeding unit. An antenna characterized in that it is reduced in length or slot length or slit length is shortened.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein when a plurality of slots are formed on the same metal surface, power is distributed to the plurality of slots by the parallel plate transmission line. 11. In this case, the plurality of slots are arranged at a predetermined interval of 1 wavelength or 1/2 wavelength, and the parallel plate transmission line is located at a position spaced 1/4 wavelength from the slot closest to both ends of the parallel plate transmission line. An antenna characterized in that both ends of the antenna are short-circuited.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the parallel plate transmission line that transmits in a specific direction, a phase difference βl = 90 ° is provided in a transmission electric field of the parallel plate transmission line, Circularly polarized waves are radiated by arranging slots inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the parallel plate transmission line on the same metal surface of the upper surface or the lower surface of the parallel plate transmission line so as to face each other in a C shape. antenna.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a length between the short-circuit portion and the slot of the parallel plate transmission line is about ¼ wavelength, and a reactance change of the resonance portion of the slot is an inductance. Utilizing the characteristic that continuously changes from capacitance to capacitance, the abrupt frequency characteristic of the parallel plate transmission line is relaxed and the frequency characteristic becomes a wide band antenna.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of slots having a plurality of frequency characteristics and resonance characteristics are formed on the same metal surface in the parallel plate transmission line. An antenna comprising a multi-purpose antenna corresponding to a multi-frequency signal by constituting an element.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a resistance value is reduced by shortening a line length of the slot length or the parallel plate transmission line, making the line inductive, or narrowing a width. An antenna characterized by matching the IC and the power feeding unit by changing.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the slot having a Zig-Zag-shaped, corrugated, U-shaped or H-shaped structure is formed to shorten an end of the slot. An antenna characterized by that.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is bent in the middle of the parallel plate transmission line in order to shorten the line length of the parallel plate transmission line.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a slot antenna is provided to compensate for a reduction in radiation surface efficiency when the parallel plate transmission line is shortened. A compound that adds a rod-shaped antenna to the end of the radiation surface, increases the radiation efficiency with the rod-shaped antenna when in the air, and increases the radiation efficiency by the metal surface current that flows in contact with the metal surface when placed on a metal surface. An antenna characterized by being an antenna.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in order to prevent a reduction in radiation surface efficiency when the parallel plate transmission line is shortened in the parallel plate transmission line provided with the slot or slit, Conductivity between the metal surface of the universal slot antenna and the metal surface on which the universal slot antenna is mounted is controlled by directing a capacitive short by a dielectric or by exciting an electric field, and direct transmission or a necessary transmission line An antenna characterized by securing.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antenna is mounted on a back surface or a bottom surface of a mounted body (a mobile phone, a smartphone, an ipad, a PC, an information terminal, a mobile TV, a camera, or the like) having a metal surface. An antenna that is mounted on a metal surface.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a part of a metal chassis of the device is used as a slot or a slit, and the antenna is accommodated in the device. An antenna characterized by transmitting and receiving the characteristics of an electronic circuit to the outside of a device.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein an IC is attached to the power feeding portion instead of power feeding to the antenna, and the antenna is used as an IC card or an IC tag. 11.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein when a slot or a slit is formed on each of the metal surfaces opposed to each other, a power feeding unit is connected to the intermediate slot or slit. 11. An antenna characterized by being made.   10. The antenna according to claim 1, comprising a detection antenna for detecting an electric field or a magnetic field on a side surface of the parallel plate transmission line, and detecting an electromagnetic field leaking from the side surface. 10. An antenna characterized by detecting a detected signal.   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antenna is flexible, bendable, and wound around an object.   A communication management system using an antenna, wherein the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16 is mounted on a metal device, a transported object, a vehicle, an aircraft, an object including moisture, and performs communication and management. .   A communication system using an antenna, wherein a signal detected by the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is accessed and managed and controlled by a computer or server via a network.

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