JP2014088998A - Grain dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
In the grain dryer, the drying efficiency is increased at the drying speed desired by the operator while converging the unevenness of grain moisture.
[Solution]
The moisture value distribution of the tension kernel obtained by measuring the moisture value of the kernel at a plurality of times according to the amount of tension during one circulation of the tension kernel in the storage chamber (2). From (Mn), the degree of moisture unevenness is grasped, and when the moisture unevenness is determined to be greater than or equal to the set value, the expected circulation time (H) required to converge the moisture unevenness within a predetermined width by circulation of the grain is calculated. When the drying circulation operation is performed at the drying speed corresponding to the scheduled circulation time (H) and it is determined that the moisture unevenness is equal to or less than the set value, the drying operation is performed to the drying target moisture value at the drying speed set by the operator.
[Selection] Figure 10

Description

  The present invention relates to a grain dryer for sequentially drying hot air in a drying section while circulating grains stuck in a storage chamber.

  In a grain dryer equipped with an operation control unit that sequentially performs a drying process to a drying target moisture value by a drying circulation operation in which drying hot air is supplied to a drying unit according to a set drying speed while circulating grains stuck in a storage chamber The operation control unit performs a round measurement to measure the moisture value of the grain at a plurality of different timings according to the amount of tension while circulating the tension grain in the storage chamber, and is obtained by this round measurement. Grasping the degree of moisture unevenness from the vertical moisture content distribution of the stretched grain, calculating the planned circulation time required to converge the moisture unevenness within the predetermined width by the circulation of the grain, When drying circulation operation is performed at the drying speed that reaches the drying target moisture value, and the planned circulation time exceeds the slowest drying time determined by the slowest drying speed, the difference between the two times is the ventilation circulation time for replenishment circulation As this The circulation target operation is to circulate the grain in the ventilation state for the circulation time, and the moisture target in the drying direction converges within the specified width while keeping the unevenness in the vertical direction within each storage layer when it is inserted into the storage chamber. The one that is circulated and dried until is well known (Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-156481 A

As shown in the above-mentioned background patent application, the present applicant has completed an invention for circulating drying to a target drying moisture value while converging the grain moisture unevenness within a predetermined width, and has filed a patent application.
The present invention relates to an improved invention of the patent application invention, and when drying the grain while converging the moisture unevenness by the set drying speed and the circulation circulation drying, it is in line with the operator's request according to the degree of the moisture unevenness. A drying operation is performed at a drying speed.

  In the invention of claim 1, the drying process is sequentially performed to the drying target moisture value by the drying circulation operation of supplying the drying hot air to the drying unit (3) according to the set drying speed while circulating the grains stuck in the storage chamber (2). In the grain dryer provided with the operation control unit (19) that performs the operation, the operation control unit (19) performs a plurality of times according to the amount of tension during one circulation of the tension kernel in the storage chamber (2). The moisture content of the grain is measured with the above, and the degree of the moisture unevenness is grasped from the moisture value distribution (Mn) of the stretched kernel obtained by the measurement. Calculate the planned circulation time (H) required to converge the moisture irregularity within the predetermined width by the circulation of the grains, perform the drying circulation operation at the drying speed corresponding to the scheduled circulation time (H), and the moisture irregularity is below the set value At the drying speed set by the operator. Wherein the drying operation until 燥 target water content value.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein after the drying circulation operation is started at a drying speed that converges the moisture unevenness, the moisture value is reached after a set time or when the detected moisture value reaches a predetermined intermediate set moisture value. When the distribution (Mn) is measured again and it is determined that the moisture unevenness is equal to or less than the set value, the drying speed for converging the moisture unevenness shifts to the drying speed set by the operator, and the set drying is performed up to the drying target moisture value. It is characterized by dry circulation operation at a speed.

  According to the invention of claim 1, when it is determined that the moisture unevenness is greater than or equal to the set value, the planned circulation time (H) required to converge the moisture unevenness within a predetermined width by circulation of the grain is calculated, and this scheduled circulation time ( When drying is performed at a drying speed corresponding to H) and the moisture unevenness is determined to be equal to or less than the set value, the drying operation is performed to the drying target moisture value at the drying speed set by the operator. The kernel can be dried according to the operator's preference.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the moisture unevenness rapidly converges during the drying operation for converging the moisture unevenness, the subsequent drying operation for eliminating the water unevenness is omitted, and the drying target is set at the drying speed set by the operator. The drying operation can be performed up to the moisture value, and quick grain drying can be realized.

The cutting front view of a grain dryer. A cut side view of a grain dryer. The front view of an operation panel. Control block diagram. The figure which shows the distribution state of the moisture unevenness of a grain. The figure which shows the example of a division | segmentation of a moisture unevenness layer. Chart example of the number of times of measurement of moisture unevenness. Example chart of the measurement of water irregularity and related water values. The example graph of a round measurement value of a moisture unevenness layer. flowchart. flowchart.

An embodiment specifically configured based on the technical idea will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The grain dryer has a storage chamber 2, a drying unit 3, and a grain collection chamber 4 formed in the machine frame 1 from the upper side to the lower side in order, and the grains are circulated by driving an elevator 5 provided on the outer periphery thereof. However, it is a well-known form in which hot air generated by the combustion of the burner 6 and the suction fan 7 is applied to the drying unit 3 and dried. At the grain outlet of the drying unit 3, it is provided with a feeding drum 8 that causes a predetermined amount of grain to flow down while rotating in the forward and reverse directions, and the fed grain is received by the lower transfer device 9 of the grain collection chamber 4 that leads to the elevator 5. By supplying the upper transfer device 10 connected to the upper part of the elevator 5 to the diffusion plate 11 of the storage chamber 2, the stretched grains are uniformly accumulated and stored on the entire surface of the storage chamber 2. The amount of tension can be ascertained by measuring the height position of the top surface of the grain to be accumulated by the tension amount measuring device 2 a provided in the storage chamber 2.

  The grain circulation mechanism including the burner 6 and the elevator 5 is performed by a computer including a memory that stores a control program necessary for operation control, various data, and the like. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the operation panel 12 includes a liquid crystal display unit 13, and a push button switch, for example, a tension switch 14, a ventilation drying switch 15, along the lower part of the display unit 13. The hot air drying switch 16, the discharge switch, and the stop switch 18 are arranged and configured so that different functions can be provided according to the screen change of the display unit 13.

  The built-in control unit receives switch information on the operation panel 12 and detection information from sensors provided in the dryer frame 1 and performs predetermined calculation processing to control burner combustion amount and start / stop control of the grain circulation system. , Display content control of the display unit 13 is performed. The switches on the operation panel 12 are for setting the tension, hot air drying, discharge, and ventilation drying, as well as setting the grain type, drying target moisture setting (finishing moisture value), amount of insertion, timer increase / decrease, etc. it can.

Next, the block configuration of the operation control means will be described with reference to FIG.
In addition to the setting information from the switch, the operation control unit 19 built in the control box having the operation panel 12 includes detection information from the moisture meter 20, grain detection information at the throw-out unit of the elevator 5 and hot air temperature detection information. Entered. On the other hand, as output information, combustion system information of the burner 6, for example, a fuel supply signal, a flow rate control signal thereof, or a grain circulation system motor control signal such as the up and down transfer spirals 19 and 9, the feed valve 8, a motor control of the suction fan 7. There are signals, output display on the operation panel 12, and the like.

Next, an outline of drying operation control of the grain dryer will be described.
The grain dryer is configured to perform the drying process sequentially to the drying target moisture value by the drying circulation operation in which drying hot air is supplied to the drying unit 3 along the set drying speed while circulating the grains stuck in the storage chamber 2. A control unit 19 is provided. The operation control unit 19 performs a round measurement to measure the moisture value of the grain at a plurality of different timings according to the amount of tension while circulating the tension grain in the storage chamber 2, and by this round measurement, Grasp the degree of moisture unevenness from the vertical moisture content distribution state of the obtained stretched grain, calculate the planned circulation time required to converge this moisture unevenness within the predetermined width by the circulation of the grain, this schedule The drying circulation operation is performed at the set drying speed until the drying target moisture value is reached in the circulation time.

  The operation control unit 19 calculates the planned circulation time required for the convergence based on the vertical moisture unevenness obtained by the round measurement of the stretched grain, and the dry circulation operation up to the drying target moisture value in the planned circulation time. Therefore, appropriate operation control is performed up to the drying target moisture value according to the time required for eliminating the moisture unevenness, and the moisture unevenness can be converged simultaneously with the finishing of the drying.

  In addition, when the scheduled circulation time H exceeds the slowest speed drying time H3 determined by the slowest drying speed, the operation control unit 19 uses the normal circulation as the ventilation circulation time K for supplementary circulation of the difference between the two times. A ventilation circulation operation for circulating the grain while ventilating at time K is performed.

  In the drying operation control of the grain dryer, the drying operation is started after the amount of the grain is detected when the grain is stopped. In the drying operation, after the motor and burners are started, the number of times of unevenness measurement according to the amount of tension is calculated, and the amount of unevenness of the tension in the storage chamber 2 is measured.

  For example, as shown in the example of the division of the moisture unevenness layer in FIG. 6, it is possible to circulate the suspended grains in the storage chamber 2 once in the machine body. According to the chart example, the moisture measurement is performed at a required time while the grain goes around once.

  The stratified moisture value obtained by this round measurement will be described with reference to an example in which the amount of cereal grains is LV10 and the number of measurements is 12 (LV1 is measured at three locations). As shown in the chart example of the cyclic measurement of FIG. 8 and the related moisture value and the exemplary graph of FIG. 9, the average of the measured moisture values of 32 samples per layer is the average moisture value Mn of each layer, and the layers L1 to L1 of these measurement categories The respective moisture values M1 to M10 are detected for L10, and the average value of the average moisture value of each layer is detected as the initial average moisture value (Ms) of the whole inlaid grain. Then, from the distribution state of the moisture values M1 to M10 in the layers LV1 to LV10 of these measurement sections, a planned circulation time H as a mixing circulation time necessary for converging the moisture unevenness within a predetermined range is calculated.

  For the planned circulation time H, first, the difference (MI−Ms), (M2−Ms),... Between the moisture values M1, M2,. . Then, the sum of the consecutive layers adjacent to each other is calculated by calculating the sum of the adjacent numbers with the same sign with respect to the number of the absolute value of the total sum of the adjacent layers, that is, the “difference” data sequence. The largest value of the absolute value of is the moisture unevenness coefficient X.

  In this case, when the layer number is represented by a general display with n = 1, 2,..., The sum of “Mn−Ms” in the continuous range of the same sign is the maximum in absolute value for the moisture value Mn of each layer LVn. Is the value. The moisture unevenness coefficient X is an example of an index for grasping the degree of moisture unevenness.

Circulation satisfying the following calculation formula “X / A ^R <0.01” based on the grain constant A (for example, 1.4 for straw and 2 for wheat) obtained from the moisture unevenness coefficient X and the grain type. The number of times R is calculated, and the planned circulation time H is calculated from the number of times of circulation R, the amount of tension W, and the circulation capacity B.

  Next, the drying times H1 to H3 are calculated by the general expression “Hn = (Ms−Mset) αn” as the scheduled drying speeds a1 to a3 of the three categories of “normal” and “slightly slow”, and the expected circulation time H Is included in the drying time Hn of each section, the processing of “normally set drying” to “drying by slow setting” is performed according to the determination of the section, and “slowly” the scheduled drying time H is the slowest drying speed a3. If the drying time is equal to or longer than the drying time H3, the ventilation circulation time K = H−H3 for replenishment circulation to compensate for the necessary mixed drying time is calculated, and the process proceeds to the drying process for replenishment circulation.

  The processing for the replenishment circulation is performed by drying with hot air until the current moisture value Msg reaches a predetermined value (for example, 18%), digesting the burner, and subsequently operating in the normal circulation mode for the ventilation circulation time K. When the current moisture value Msg reaches the set moisture value mset by hot air drying, burner digestion is performed and hot air drying is terminated.

The grain dryer according to the present embodiment has a circulation capacity B (ton / hour) of 7.5 (ton / hour), an inset grain amount W of 6 tons, and a set moisture value Mset as a drying target. 14.5%. And the moisture detection result according to the layer at the time of tension is as FIG. Accordingly, the difference between the average value for each layer of LV1 to LV10 of each layer and 22.1 which is the overall initial average moisture value Ms is calculated as follows.
LV1 -2.1
LV1 -0.8
LV1 +1.5
LV2 +1.9
LV3 +0.8
LV4 -1.6
LV5 -1.9
LV6 +2.2
LV7 +0.9
LV8 +1.7
LV9 -1.6
LV10 -1.4
Here, the moisture nonuniformity coefficient X is 4.2, the absolute value of the sum of LV1 (+1.5) and LV2 (+ o.8), which is the largest absolute value of the sum of the adjacent layers. . That is, if it is judged that the moisture unevenness of the layer around here is the largest, and the circulation time sufficient to converge this large moisture unevenness is calculated, the moisture unevenness of other layers can be converged.

Substituting numerical values for X and A where X / A ^R <0.01 respectively,
Since 4.2 / 1.4R <0.01, the number of circulations R = 17 (times).
Furthermore, the scheduled circulation time H for converging the moisture unevenness is H = R × W / B, and H = 17 × 6 / 7.5 = 13.6.

  Based on the calculation formula (Ms−Mset) / α, estimated drying times H1 to H3 when drying is performed at the respective drying speeds α1 to α3 are calculated. That is, in the case of a normal drying rate α1 (drying rate 0.7%), H1 is (22.1-14.5) /0.7=10.8, and a slightly slower drying rate α2 (drying rate) In the case of 0.6), H2 = 12.6, and in the case of the slow drying rate α3 (drying rate 0.5%), H = 15.2, and in this embodiment, the drying is performed at the slow drying rate α3. To do.

  Here, if the planned circulation time H for converging the moisture unevenness is calculated to be 16.8 (hours), that is, even if drying is performed at the “slow” drying speed α3, the time sufficient to converge the moisture unevenness is not reached. In this case, the moisture unevenness is converged by setting the ventilation circulation time K to 1.5 hours from the scheduled circulation time H to the drying scheduled circulation time H3. The ventilation circulation time K is set after the burner 6 is once digested when the set intermediate moisture value (18%) is reached.

Next, the operation control content will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
When this control is started, the operation of squeezing the grain is started by the ON operation of the squeezing switch 14 (step S1), and then setting of the expected moisture value (dry target moisture value) by the operator and the squeezing amount Is set (or automatically set by the measuring device 2a), the grain type is set, and the drying speed is set (step S2), and the drying circulation operation is started (step S3).

  Next, it is determined whether or not the moisture unevenness elimination mode is selected by the ON operation of any of the moisture variation switches 25a, 25b, and 25c (step S4). If Yes, the moisture in the vertical direction of the stretched grain layer is determined. Unevenness is detected (step S5), and then it is determined whether the vertical moisture unevenness is equal to or greater than a set value (step S6). If Yes, the circulation time for eliminating the moisture unevenness is calculated (step S7). ).

  Next, “circulation time for eliminating moisture unevenness> drying time” is determined (step S8). If No, a drying operation for eliminating moisture unevenness is performed at the set drying speed (step S9), and then The process proceeds to step S13 described later. Moreover, when it reaches Yes, when setting intermediate | middle moisture value (for example, 18%) is reached (step S10), ventilation circulation drying operation will be performed about the remaining remaining time which deducted drying time from circulation time (step S10). S11) When the circulation circulation drying operation is completed, the drying operation at the set drying speed is resumed (step S12), and when the measured moisture value reaches the expected moisture value (step S13), the drying operation is terminated (step S13). Step S14).

  Further, it is determined whether or not the vertical moisture unevenness is equal to or greater than the set value (step S6). If No, the drying speed set by the operator (if the operator has not set the drying speed, a predetermined value is set). A drying operation is executed at a medium drying speed (step S15), and when the measured moisture value reaches the set moisture value (step S16), the drying operation is terminated (step S14).

  Further, in the drying process for converging the moisture unevenness, the moisture unevenness is detected for each circulation of the grains to grasp the convergence state of the moisture unevenness, and the moisture unevenness has disappeared (or the moisture unevenness has become a predetermined value or less. If it is detected, a drying operation that increases the drying speed may be executed to improve the efficiency of the drying operation.

Next, another embodiment of the drying operation will be described.
When barley (or wheat) is selected by the grain setting switch 27, the target moisture value is generally set to about 12.5% by the moisture setting switch 28 and the drying operation is started. However, the target moisture value may be set to less than 12.0% and the drying operation may be started. In such a case, an appropriate drying operation is attempted.

  When a low target moisture value of less than 12.0% is set as described above, the drying hot air temperature is set to +5 degrees C (or alternatively, based on the drying hot air temperature increase command by the target moisture value low setting of the operation control unit 19. +10 degrees C) Set high and dry with hot hot air.

  In the case of wheat drying, as the drying progresses, the shrinkage of the grain volume proceeds, and the hot dry air leaks from between the squeezed grains, and the efficiency of the drying air volume decreases, and the drying efficiency is reduced. descend. However, according to the said structure, such a problem can be solved and a dry operation can be performed efficiently.

  Further, when barley (or wheat) is selected by the grain setting switch 27, +5 degrees C (or +10 degrees) with respect to the normal drying hot air temperature based on the drying hot air temperature increase command by the wheat setting of the operation control unit 19 C) It may be set higher.

Next, another embodiment will be described.
When the drying operation is started at the set drying speed, the moisture value measurement of one round of kernels is performed for a predetermined number of times from the start, and the moisture unevenness is stored. To detect and store moisture unevenness. Next, when the detected moisture value reaches an intermediate moisture value (for example, 18 degrees C), when it is determined that the moisture unevenness does not converge in the drying operation from the plurality of moisture unevenness convergence states to the target moisture value, A ventilation circulation operation is performed for a predetermined time when it is estimated that the moisture unevenness converges to the target moisture value according to the convergence of the moisture unevenness, and then the drying operation is performed to the target moisture value at the set drying speed.

According to the said structure, it can suppress that the ventilation drying driving | operation for moisture unevenness convergence becomes long, and can improve drying efficiency.
Next, another embodiment will be described.

  When the drying operation is started at the set drying speed, the moisture value is measured for a predetermined number of rounds of grains from the start, and the moisture unevenness is stored. Then, after a predetermined time (for example, 2 hours), the same cycle of moisture as described above Measure the value and memorize the moisture unevenness. Next, when the detected moisture value reaches an intermediate moisture value (for example, 18 degrees C), when it is determined that the moisture unevenness can be converged by the drying operation from the plurality of moisture unevenness detection data to the target moisture value. The ventilation circulation operation is executed up to the intermediate moisture value (for example, 18 degrees C), and then the drying operation is performed up to the target moisture value at the set drying speed.

  In addition, when it is determined that the moisture unevenness does not converge in the drying operation from the plurality of moisture unevenness detection data to the target moisture value, the predetermined time (for example, 3 hours; however, the time can be changed depending on the degree of the moisture unevenness). The drying pause (cereal circulation is stopped and the supply of drying air is stopped) is performed. Next, the moisture content measurement is performed in the same manner as described above, the moisture unevenness is stored, the predetermined time required for convergence of the remaining moisture unevenness is estimated from the moisture unevenness data, the circulation circulation drying is performed for the predetermined time, and then the setting is performed. Dry to the target moisture value at the drying speed.

According to the said structure, drying efficiency can be improved, aiming at the quality improvement of a grain, without lengthening the ventilation drying driving | operation for moisture unevenness convergence.
Next, another embodiment will be described.

  When the drying operation is started at the set drying speed, a predetermined number of cycles of moisture value measurement is performed from the start and moisture unevenness is stored. Then, after a predetermined time (for example, 2 hours), moisture irregularity is measured by the same cycle of moisture value measurement as described above. To remember. Next, when the detected moisture value reaches an intermediate moisture value (for example, 18 degrees C), when it is determined that the moisture unevenness can be converged by the drying operation from the plurality of moisture unevenness detection data to the target moisture value. The ventilation circulation operation is executed up to the intermediate moisture value (for example, 18 degrees C), and then the drying operation is performed at the set drying speed up to the target moisture value.

  Further, when it is determined that the moisture unevenness does not converge in the drying operation from the plurality of moisture unevenness convergence data to the target moisture value, a predetermined time (for example, 3 hours; however, the time can be changed depending on the degree of the moisture unevenness). Then, the drying is suspended (the grain circulation is stopped and the supply of the drying air is stopped), and then the drying operation is performed at the set drying speed up to the target moisture value.

According to the said structure, it can suppress that the ventilation drying driving | operation for moisture unevenness convergence is prolonged and can aim at the quality improvement of a grain.
Next, the operation control content will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.

  When the operation control is started and the tension switch 14 is turned ON (step S21), the grain tension operation is executed, and the moisture meter 20 is operated based on the presence detection command of the tension kernel of the operation control unit 19. It is actuated and the presence / absence of the stretched grain is detected from the presence / absence of the moisture value measurement grain (step S22).

  Next, it is determined whether or not the moisture meter 20 has detected that there is no grain uptake (step S23), and if yes, the tension operation is stopped and the ventilation circulation operation is started to prevent the tension kernel from being stuffy. (Step S24). Next, it is determined whether or not the next presence of grain is detected from the presence or absence of moisture value measurement data of the moisture meter 20 (step S25), and if it is No, has the ventilation circulation operation reached the maximum operation time? It determines whether or not (step S26), and returns to the step S25 if it is No, and if it is Yes, the ventilation circulation operation is stopped (step S27), and damage to the surface of the stretched grain is prevented.

Further, it is determined whether or not the moisture meter 20 has detected the presence of the next overhanging grain (step S25). If yes, the ventilation circulation operation is stopped and the operation proceeds to the overburden operation (step S28). Next, it is determined whether or not the tension measuring instrument 2a has detected the expiration of the tension kernel (Step S29). If No, the process returns to Step S23, and if Yes, the tension operation is stopped. (Step S30), the tensioning operation is terminated.
(5480)
In addition, when performing the tensioning operation of the grain while performing the circulation operation as described above, when the moisture value is measured by the moisture meter 20 and higher than the predetermined moisture value, the surface of the grain is wet with rain. And the feeding speed of the feeding drum 8 may be changed to the low speed feeding based on the low speed extension command of the operation control unit 19.

  When the surface of the grain is wet, the grain may be deflated by in-flight circulation. However, such a problem can be prevented by setting the feeding drum 8 to low speed feeding as described above.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grain dryer frame 2 Reservoir 3 Drying unit 19 Operation control unit H Expected circulation time required for moisture unevenness to converge within a predetermined width due to grain circulation Mn Longitudinal moisture value distribution of entrapped grain

Claims (2)

  An operation control unit (19) that sequentially performs drying processing to a drying target moisture value by a drying circulation operation in which drying hot air is supplied to the drying unit (3) according to a set drying speed while circulating the grains stuck in the storage chamber (2). In the grain dryer provided with the above, the operation control unit (19) sets the moisture value of the grain at a plurality of times according to the amount of tension while circulating the tensioned grain in the storage chamber (2) once. Measure and grasp the degree of moisture unevenness from the moisture content distribution (Mn) of the stretched grain obtained by the measurement, and if the moisture unevenness is determined to be greater than or equal to the set value, When the estimated circulation time (H) required to converge the moisture irregularity is calculated, the drying circulation operation is performed at the drying speed corresponding to the scheduled circulation time (H), and the moisture irregularity is determined to be equal to or less than the set value, the operator Up to the target moisture value at the drying speed set by燥 grain dryer, characterized in that the driving.   In the invention of claim 1, after starting the drying circulation operation at a drying speed that converges the moisture unevenness, the moisture value distribution (Mn) is measured again after a set time or when the detected moisture value reaches a predetermined intermediate set moisture value. When it is determined that the moisture unevenness is equal to or less than the set value, the drying speed for shifting the moisture unevenness is shifted to the drying speed set by the operator, and the drying circulation operation is performed at the set drying speed up to the drying target moisture value. A grain dryer characterized by.

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