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JP2014032527A - Power generation system of power generation device by natural energy - Google Patents

Power generation system of power generation device by natural energy Download PDF

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JP2014032527A
JP2014032527A JP2012172506A JP2012172506A JP2014032527A JP 2014032527 A JP2014032527 A JP 2014032527A JP 2012172506 A JP2012172506 A JP 2012172506A JP 2012172506 A JP2012172506 A JP 2012172506A JP 2014032527 A JP2014032527 A JP 2014032527A
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Minoru Murano
實 村野
Suminobu Akiba
澄伸 秋葉
Makoto Tanahashi
真 棚橋
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generation system of a power generation device by natural energy in which power generated by the power generation device utilizing natural energy can be drawn out without causing a loss of power conversion under the condition that the maximum energy is drawn out, thereby making it possible to output from a steady power source, and further, assuming that the power generation device is a solar panel and the other power source is a commercial power source, the power consumption from the commercial power source can be reduced by the power generation of the solar panel.SOLUTION: A power generation system is configured to steadily output and efficiently output at a prescribed power amount for the power generation device using natural energy, and includes at least one power generation device and a maximum power amount detection control device for detecting at any time a voltage value and a current value in a maximum power point so as to be able to output at a detection value. When the voltage value is insufficient, a variable voltage power source is employed, and when the current value is insufficient, a constant voltage power source is employed.

Description

本発明は、例えば、太陽光を利用したソーラーパネル発電装置における電力変動(たとえば、明るければ発電電力が増大し、暗くなると発電電力が減少する)において、他の種類の電源と合成することで、その出力を常時安定化させ、さらに気候などの環境に応じて光の量が変化する太陽光を効率よく利用してその時点における最大限の発電量を取り出せる自然エネルギーによる発電装置の発電システムに関するものである。
In the present invention, for example, in a power fluctuation in a solar panel power generation device using sunlight (for example, generated power increases if it is bright, and generated power decreases if it is dark), by combining with other types of power sources, It is related to the power generation system of a power generator using natural energy that can stabilize the output at all times and efficiently extract the maximum amount of power generated at that time by efficiently using sunlight whose amount of light changes according to the environment such as the climate. It is.

太陽光あるいは風力などの自然エネルギーによる発電装置の発電出力は、一般的には、いまだ不安定な出力状況であり、また自然の環境条件によって前記出力状況が大きく変化してしまうのが現状であり、これをいかに安定化させて出力できるかが今後の課題であった。   In general, the power generation output of power generators using natural energy such as sunlight or wind power is still unstable, and the current output conditions greatly change depending on natural environmental conditions. The future issue was how to stabilize the output.

そして、そのままでは安定した電源として使うことができないと言われているため、蓄電池等に蓄えて使う方法が考えられているが、かかる場合、充放電において電力ロスをもたらしてしまうとの課題もある。
また、自然エネルギーによる発電装置(たとえばソーラーパネルや風力発電機など)は、電力を取り出すときの電流・電圧の条件で、取り出せる電力が変化するため、最適な条件で電力を取り出す制御が不可欠である。
And since it is said that it cannot be used as a stable power supply as it is, a method of storing it in a storage battery or the like is considered, but in such a case, there is a problem that power loss is caused in charging and discharging. .
In addition, power generation devices that use natural energy (for example, solar panels and wind power generators) must be controlled so that the power that can be extracted varies depending on the current and voltage conditions when the power is extracted. .

たとえば、あるソーラーパネルでは、直射日光直下にて、出力を短絡すると出力電流は最大となり、5.29Aを取り出すことができるが(図3の点A参照)、電圧は0Vとなり、取り出せる電力も0Wである。
また、出力を開放すると、出力電圧は最大の22.59Vとなるが(図3の点B参照)、電流は0Aであり、このときも出力電力は0Wとなってしまう。
For example, in a certain solar panel, when the output is short-circuited under direct sunlight, the output current becomes maximum and 5.29 A can be taken out (see point A in FIG. 3), but the voltage is 0 V and the power that can be taken out is also 0 W. It is.
When the output is opened, the maximum output voltage is 22.59 V (see point B in FIG. 3), but the current is 0 A, and the output power is also 0 W at this time.

出力電圧が18.14Vのとき、出力電流は4.97Aとなり(図2の点P参照)、このとき、最大電力となる約90Wを取り出すことができる(最大電力点)。この電圧より高くても低くても、出力電力はこれより小さくなる。最大電力を取り出すため、たとえば多くのパワーコンディショナーでは、MPPT(最大電力点追従)と呼ばれる処理が行われているのである(図4参照)。
When the output voltage is 18.14 V, the output current is 4.97 A (see point P in FIG. 2), and at this time, about 90 W, which is the maximum power, can be taken out (maximum power point). Whether it is higher or lower than this voltage, the output power is smaller than this. In order to extract the maximum power, for example, in many power conditioners, a process called MPPT (maximum power point tracking) is performed (see FIG. 4).

特開2011-181055号公報JP 2011-181055 A

本発明は、前記従来の課題を解決するため、また本件発明者らが従来発明した発明をさらに改良すべく創案されたものであり、自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置より発電される電力を、電圧変換・電流変換せずにそのまま使用できる様構成して発電装置における電力変換のロスが生じさせることなく、また前記発電装置から最大限のエネルギーを取り出せる条件(電圧・電流)で、電力を取り出すことができ、さらには、他の電源と組み合わせて、電力を合成することで、安定した電源の出力を可能とし、また、前記発電装置からの電力が絶えず優先でき、不足分のみ他の電源から補え、すなわち、発電装置をソーラーパネルとし、他の電源を、商用電源とすると、ソーラーパネルの発電分だけ、商用電源からの電力消費を削減することが可能としうる自然エネルギーによる発電装置の発電システムを提供することを目的とするものである。
The present invention has been devised in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to further improve the invention invented by the present inventors. The power generated by the power generator using natural energy is converted into voltage. It is configured to be used as it is without conversion / current conversion, and power can be extracted without causing loss of power conversion in the power generation device and under conditions (voltage / current) where the maximum energy can be extracted from the power generation device. In addition, by combining power with other power sources, it is possible to output a stable power source, and the power from the power generator can be given priority over time, and only the shortage can be compensated from other power sources. In other words, if the power generation device is a solar panel and the other power source is a commercial power source, power consumption from the commercial power source can be reduced by the amount of power generated by the solar panel. It is an object to provide a power generation system of the power plant by natural energy can Noh.

本発明の自然エネルギーによる発電装置の発電システムは、
環境の変化に伴い発電電力が変動する自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置につき、該発電装置からの発電電力を、負荷側に出力するに際し、決められた電力量で安定的に出力できると共に、前記自然エネルギーを前記環境の変化に関わらず無駄なく利用できて効率よく出力しうる様構成された発電システムであり、
少なくとも一台の前記環境の変化に伴い発電電力が変動する自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置と、
前記自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置による発電電力量が、環境の変化に関わらず取り出せる所定時点での取り出し最大電力量を示す最大電力点を随時検出すると共に、該最大電力点における電圧値と電流値を随時検出し、前記検出した値での発電電力を出力出来る様制御する最大電力量検出制御装置と、
前記最大電力量検出制御装置により検出された最大電力点における電圧値が、前記負荷側の決められた電力量の電圧値より不足しているときには、該不足分の電力量における電圧値を可変電圧電源により賄い、
前記最大電力量検出制御装置により検出された最大電力点における電流値が、前記負荷側の決められた電力量の電流値より不足しているときには、該不足分の電力量における電流値を定電圧電源により賄う、
ことを特徴とするものである。
The power generation system of the power generator using the natural energy of the present invention is:
With respect to a power generation device using natural energy whose generated power fluctuates with changes in the environment, when the generated power from the power generation device is output to the load side, it can be stably output with a determined amount of power, and the natural power It is a power generation system configured so that energy can be used without waste regardless of changes in the environment and can be efficiently output,
At least one power generation device using natural energy in which the generated power fluctuates with a change in the environment;
The amount of power generated by the power generation device using natural energy is detected at any time as the maximum power point indicating the maximum amount of power to be taken out at a predetermined time that can be taken out regardless of environmental changes, and the voltage value and current value at the maximum power point are detected. A maximum amount of energy detection control device that controls the output so that the generated power at the detected value can be output at any time,
When the voltage value at the maximum power point detected by the maximum power amount detection control device is less than the voltage value of the determined power amount on the load side, the voltage value at the power amount corresponding to the shortage is changed to a variable voltage. Covered by power,
When the current value at the maximum power point detected by the maximum power amount detection control device is less than the current value of the determined power amount on the load side, the current value at the shortage power amount is set to a constant voltage. Covered by power,
It is characterized by this.

本発明の自然エネルギーによる発電装置の発電システムであれば、本発明の発電装置から発電される電力を、電圧変換・電流変換せずにそのまま使用するため、発電装置において電力変換のロスがない。また、前記発電装置から最大限の自然エネルギーを取り出せる条件(電圧・電流)で、電力を取り出すことができる。さらには、他の電源と組み合わせて、電力を合成することで、安定した電源の出力を可能とされる。また、前記発電装置からの電力が優先され、不足分のみ他の電源から補える。たとえば、発電装置をソーラーパネルとし、他の電源を、商用電源とすると、ソーラーパネルの発電分だけ、商用電源からの電力消費を削減することが可能となるなど優れた効果を奏する。
In the power generation system of the power generation apparatus using natural energy according to the present invention, the power generated from the power generation apparatus according to the present invention is used as it is without being subjected to voltage conversion / current conversion, and therefore there is no power conversion loss in the power generation apparatus. Moreover, electric power can be taken out under conditions (voltage / current) where the maximum amount of natural energy can be taken out from the power generator. Furthermore, by combining the power in combination with another power source, it is possible to output a stable power source. In addition, power from the power generation device is given priority, and only the shortage can be compensated from other power sources. For example, when the power generation device is a solar panel and the other power source is a commercial power source, the power consumption from the commercial power source can be reduced by the amount of power generated by the solar panel.

本発明の概略構成を示す概略構成説明図である。It is a schematic structure explanatory view showing a schematic structure of the present invention. 発電装置による電流―電圧の関係を示すグラフ(1)である。It is graph (1) which shows the relationship of the electric current-voltage by a generator. 発電装置による電流―電圧の関係を示すグラフ(2)である。It is a graph (2) which shows the relationship of the electric current-voltage by a generator. 発電装置による電力―電圧の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the electric power-voltage relationship by a generator.

以下、本発明を図に示す実施例に基づき説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

図1において符号1は本発明の発電システムを示すものであり、本発明の発電システム1は、環境の変化に伴い発電電力が変動する自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置2につき、該発電装置2からの発電電力を、負荷3側に出力するに際し、決められた電力量で安定的に出力できると共に、前記自然エネルギーを前記環境の変化に関わらず無駄なく利用できて効率よく出力しうる様構成された発電システムである。   In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a power generation system according to the present invention. The power generation system 1 according to the present invention includes a power generation apparatus 2 that uses natural energy whose generated power fluctuates with changes in the environment. When the generated power is output to the load 3 side, the power can be stably output with a predetermined amount of power, and the natural energy can be used without waste regardless of the environmental change and can be output efficiently. Power generation system.

そして、該発電システム1は、少なくとも一台の前記環境の変化に伴い発電電力が変動する自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置2を有している。しかし、該発電装置2を複数直列に繋いで構成しても構わない。   And this electric power generation system 1 has the electric power generating apparatus 2 using the natural energy from which the generated electric power fluctuates with the change of at least one said environment. However, a plurality of power generators 2 may be connected in series.

また、符号4は最大電力量検出制御装置であり、主にコンピュータ装置などで構成される。該最大電力量検出制御装置4は、前記発電装置2による発電電力量が、環境の変化に関わらず取り出すことのできる、所定時点での取り出し最大電力量を示す最大電力点を随時演算し、検出している。   Reference numeral 4 denotes a maximum power amount detection control device, which is mainly composed of a computer device or the like. The maximum power amount detection control device 4 calculates a maximum power point that indicates the maximum amount of power taken out at a predetermined time and can detect the amount of power generated by the power generation device 2 regardless of environmental changes. doing.

当該検出については一般的にMPPT法(最大電力点追従法)との手法を採用し、前記したようにPCなどによる最大電力量検出制御装置4により演算、検出できるものとなっている。図4はその最大電力点を示した図であり、最大電力点を点Pとして示してある。   For this detection, generally, a technique called MPPT method (maximum power point tracking method) is adopted, and as described above, it can be calculated and detected by the maximum power amount detection control device 4 such as a PC. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the maximum power point, and the maximum power point is indicated as a point P.

しかして、当該最大電力点における電圧値と電流値、すなわち、環境の変化に伴い随時変動する前記最大電力点における電圧値と電流値を継続的に検出し、前記検出した値での発電電力が出力出来る様制御するのである。   Thus, the voltage value and current value at the maximum power point, that is, the voltage value and current value at the maximum power point that change as the environment changes are continuously detected, and the generated power at the detected value is The output is controlled.

次に、図1において符号5は可変電圧電源であり、符号6は定電圧電源を示す。   Next, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 5 denotes a variable voltage power supply, and reference numeral 6 denotes a constant voltage power supply.

前記発電装置2につき、最大電力量検出制御装置4により検出された最大電力点における電圧値が、前記負荷3側の決められた電力量の電圧値より不足しているときには、該不足分の電力量における電圧値を前記可変電圧電源5により賄う様構成され、前記最大電力量検出制御装置4により検出された最大電力点における電流値が、前記負荷3側の決められた電力量の電流値より不足しているときには、該不足分の電力量における電流値は、定電圧電源6により賄う様構成されるのである。   When the voltage value at the maximum power point detected by the maximum power amount detection control device 4 for the power generation device 2 is less than the voltage value of the determined power amount on the load 3 side, the power for the shortage The variable voltage power supply 5 covers the voltage value in the amount, and the current value at the maximum power point detected by the maximum power amount detection control device 4 is greater than the current value of the determined power amount on the load 3 side. When there is a shortage, the constant voltage power supply 6 covers the current value of the shortage of power.

具体例を挙げて説明すると、たとえば、発電装置2にソーラーパネル(開放電圧22.59V、短絡電流5.29A、最大出力動作電圧18.14V、最大出力動作電流4.97Aのパネルとする)を使用してなり、また定電圧電源6の出力電圧(VC)を25Vとした場合の動作は、次のようになる。   To explain with a specific example, for example, a solar panel (with an open voltage of 22.59 V, a short-circuit current of 5.29 A, a maximum output operating voltage of 18.14 V, and a maximum output operating current of 4.97 A) is used as the power generator 2. The operation when the output voltage (VC) of the constant voltage power supply 6 is set to 25 V is as follows.

出力電流IO≧5.29Aのときは、可変電圧電源5の電圧Vを25−18.14=6.86Vに設定する。負荷3がなければ、ソーラーパネルの電圧は18.14Vよりも高くなる(最大22.5V)が、負荷3があるため電流が流れ、ソーラーパネルの電圧が下がる。   When the output current IO ≧ 5.29 A, the voltage V of the variable voltage power supply 5 is set to 25-18.14 = 6.86V. Without the load 3, the voltage of the solar panel is higher than 18.14V (maximum 22.5V), but because of the load 3, current flows and the voltage of the solar panel decreases.

ただし、定電圧電源6があるため、VCの電圧以下には下がらない。そのため、ソーラーパネルの電圧は18.14Vに保たれ、このときのソーラーパネルの電流IGは、5.29Aとなり、最大電力点での動作となる。また、定電圧電源6からの電流Iは、I=IO−IGとなり、不足分のみ定電圧電源6から補充されることになる。   However, since there is the constant voltage power supply 6, it does not drop below the voltage of VC. Therefore, the voltage of the solar panel is maintained at 18.14 V, and the current IG of the solar panel at this time is 5.29 A, and the operation is performed at the maximum power point. The current I from the constant voltage power supply 6 is I = IO−IG, and only the shortage is replenished from the constant voltage power supply 6.

出力電流が5.29Aよりも小さい場合は、ソーラーパネルから供給される電流も小さくなり、ソーラーパネルの出力電圧が上がるので(図2における点Q)、その分だけ可変電圧電源5の電圧を下げる(電圧計7の電圧=VOがVCと等しくなるまでVを下げる)。   When the output current is smaller than 5.29 A, the current supplied from the solar panel is also reduced, and the output voltage of the solar panel is increased (point Q in FIG. 2), so that the voltage of the variable voltage power supply 5 is decreased accordingly. (Voltage of voltmeter 7 = V is decreased until VO becomes equal to VC).

以上のように、出力電圧VOは定電圧電源6の電圧VCによって決定される。つまり、VO=VCとなる(ただし、VC>VPとする)。   As described above, the output voltage VO is determined by the voltage VC of the constant voltage power supply 6. That is, VO = VC (where VC> VP).

ここで、定電圧電源6の電圧VCは、用途および利用環境等により使用者があらかじめ決めておくものとする。   Here, it is assumed that the voltage VC of the constant voltage power supply 6 is determined in advance by the user depending on the application and usage environment.

たとえば、100Vの電源が必要であれば、VC=100Vとし、25Vの電源が必要ならVC=25Vとしておく。   For example, if a 100V power supply is required, VC = 100V, and if a 25V power supply is required, VC = 25V.

しかして、発電装置2の最大電力点における電圧と電流をVP、IP、出力電圧、出力電流をVO、IOとし、可変電圧電源5の電圧をVとすると、

V=VO−VP ただし、IO≧(最大出力動作電流)の場合
V=VO−VG ただし、IO<(最大出力動作電流)の場合

この式を満たすように、Vを調整するものとする。
Thus, assuming that the voltage and current at the maximum power point of the power generator 2 are VP, IP, output voltage, output current is VO, IO, and the voltage of the variable voltage power supply 5 is V,

V = VO−VP However, when IO ≧ (maximum output operating current) V = VO−VG However, when IO <(maximum output operating current)

It is assumed that V is adjusted so as to satisfy this equation.

すなわち、先の例で説明すると、出力電圧VO=25Vの設定で、ソーラーパネル(開放電圧22.59V、短絡電流5.29A、最大出力動作電圧18.14V、最大出力動作電流4.97Aのパネルとする)なので、

V=6.86V 出力電流 IO≧5.29A である場合…(1)
V=VO−VP 出力電流 IO<5.29A である場合…(2)
となるように調整すればよい。
That is, in the above example, when the output voltage VO = 25V is set, a solar panel (an open-circuit voltage 22.59V, a short-circuit current 5.29A, a maximum output operating voltage 18.14V, a maximum output operating current 4.97A panel) So

When V = 6.86V Output Current IO ≧ 5.29A (1)
When V = VO−VP output current IO <5.29 A (2)
It may be adjusted so that

ここで、(1)の条件が成立しているとき、発電装置2は最大電力点で動作していることになる。また、このとき、出力電流のうち、発電装置2からの電流で不足する分は、定電圧電源5からの電流Iによって補われる。
(2)の条件が成立するのは、負荷3の電流を発電装置2の電流でまかなうことができる場合である。
Here, when the condition (1) is satisfied, the power generation device 2 is operating at the maximum power point. At this time, the output current that is insufficient by the current from the power generation device 2 is supplemented by the current I from the constant voltage power supply 5.
The condition (2) is satisfied when the current of the load 3 can be covered by the current of the power generation device 2.

最大電力点を求める方法には、あらかじめ発電装置2の特性がわかっている場合は、特性表を参照して最大電力点を決めることができる。あるいは、既に説明したように、一般的なMPPTの手法である山登り法などが利用可能である。この場合は、VG×IGが最大になるようにVを調整すればよい。   In the method for obtaining the maximum power point, when the characteristics of the power generator 2 are known in advance, the maximum power point can be determined with reference to the characteristic table. Alternatively, as already described, a hill-climbing method, which is a general MPPT method, can be used. In this case, V may be adjusted so that VG × IG is maximized.

なお、発電装置の出力電流がIOを上回る場合は、定電圧電源は不要となる。
また、可変電圧電源4あるいは定電圧電源5については、交流の商用電源を直流に変換したもの電源として使用することが考えられる。
In addition, when the output current of a power generator exceeds IO, a constant voltage power supply becomes unnecessary.
The variable voltage power supply 4 or the constant voltage power supply 5 may be used as a power supply obtained by converting an AC commercial power supply into a DC.

1 発電システム
2 発電装置
3 負荷
4 最大電力量検出制御装置
5 可変電圧電源
6 定電圧電源
7 電圧計
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power generation system 2 Power generation device 3 Load 4 Maximum electric energy detection control device 5 Variable voltage power source 6 Constant voltage power source 7 Voltmeter

Claims (1)

環境の変化に伴い発電電力が変動する自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置につき、該発電装置からの発電電力を、負荷側に出力するに際し、決められた電力量で安定的に出力できると共に、前記自然エネルギーを前記環境の変化に関わらず無駄なく利用できて効率よく出力しうる様構成された発電システムであり、
少なくとも一台の前記環境の変化に伴い発電電力が変動する自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置と、
前記自然エネルギーを利用した発電装置による発電電力量が、環境の変化に関わらず取り出せる所定時点での取り出し最大電力量を示す最大電力点を随時検出すると共に、該最大電力点における電圧値と電流値を随時検出し、前記検出した値での発電電力を出力出来る様制御する最大電力量検出制御装置と、
前記最大電力量検出制御装置により検出された最大電力点における電圧値が、前記負荷側の決められた電力量の電圧値より不足しているときには、該不足分の電力量における電圧値を可変電圧電源により賄い、
前記最大電力量検出制御装置により検出された最大電力点における電流値が、前記負荷側の決められた電力量の電流値より不足しているときには、該不足分の電力量における電流値を定電圧電源により賄う、
ことを特徴とした自然エネルギーによる発電装置の発電システム。
With respect to a power generation device using natural energy whose generated power fluctuates with changes in the environment, when the generated power from the power generation device is output to the load side, it can be stably output with a determined amount of power, and the natural power It is a power generation system configured so that energy can be used without waste regardless of changes in the environment and can be efficiently output,
At least one power generation device using natural energy in which the generated power fluctuates with a change in the environment;
The amount of power generated by the power generation device using natural energy is detected at any time as the maximum power point indicating the maximum amount of power to be taken out at a predetermined time that can be taken out regardless of environmental changes, and the voltage value and current value at the maximum power point are detected. A maximum amount of energy detection control device that controls the output so that the generated power at the detected value can be output at any time,
When the voltage value at the maximum power point detected by the maximum power amount detection control device is less than the voltage value of the determined power amount on the load side, the voltage value at the power amount corresponding to the shortage is changed to a variable voltage. Covered by power,
When the current value at the maximum power point detected by the maximum power amount detection control device is less than the current value of the determined power amount on the load side, the current value at the shortage power amount is set to a constant voltage. Covered by power,
A power generation system of a power generation device using natural energy.
JP2012172506A 2012-08-03 2012-08-03 Power generation system of power generation device by natural energy Pending JP2014032527A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5953645U (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-09 株式会社東芝 power supply power control device
JPH05224763A (en) * 1992-02-12 1993-09-03 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Solar power generating facility
US5869948A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-02-09 Hughes Electronics Corporation Unidirectional battery charge/discharge controller for a regulated electrical bus system with a solar current source

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5953645U (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-09 株式会社東芝 power supply power control device
JPH05224763A (en) * 1992-02-12 1993-09-03 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Solar power generating facility
US5869948A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-02-09 Hughes Electronics Corporation Unidirectional battery charge/discharge controller for a regulated electrical bus system with a solar current source

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