JP2013525440A - 男性の治療のための2−ヒドロキシ−5−フェニルアゾ安息香酸誘導体の製剤および使用 - Google Patents
男性の治療のための2−ヒドロキシ−5−フェニルアゾ安息香酸誘導体の製剤および使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2010年4月26日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/328,151号に対する優先権を主張し、この仮特許出願は全体として本明細書に組み入れられる。
バルサラジド二ナトリウムは、胃腸疾患、例えば、軽度から中程度の活動性潰瘍性大腸炎、放射線性直腸S状結腸炎、憩室炎、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、および結腸癌の治療に適応される(WO 95/18622を参照されたい)。バルサラジドは、結腸特異的な非ステロイド性抗炎症性アミノサリチル酸誘導体である。バルサラジドはまた、ジアゾ結合によって4-アミノベンゾイル-β-アラニン(「4-ABA」)に結合している5-ASAを含むプロドラッグである。
バルサラジドを投与することによって、男性対象における胃腸障害を治療する組成物および方法を、本明細書に開示する。1つの態様において、バルサラジドは、1.1 gバルサラジドを含むフィルムコート錠の形態で、または例えば750 mgカプセル剤として投与することができる。例えば、成人男性用量は、8週間にわたり、食物と共にまたは食物なしで1日に3回投与される、バルサラジドの750 mgカプセル剤3個(6.75 g/日)である。
バルサラジドは、メサラミン(5-アミノサリチル酸、5-ASA)のプロドラッグである。5-ASAの作用機序は不明であるが、全身性ではなく結腸粘膜に局所的であるようである。シクロオキシゲナーゼ経路を介するアラキドン酸代謝物、すなわちプロスタノイド、ならびにリポキシゲナーゼ経路を介するアラキドン酸代謝物、すなわちロイコトリエンおよびヒドロキシエイコサテトラエン酸の粘膜産生は、潰瘍性大腸炎患者で増加しており、5-ASAが、結腸におけるアラキドン酸代謝物の産生を阻止することによって炎症を弱める可能性がある。
バルサラジドはまた、他の5-ASAプロドラッグよりも副作用が少なく、サルファ剤アレルギーを有する対象にも投与され得る。バルサラジドはまた、活性成分がフリーラジカルを直接除去することが実証されており、これがその後の炎症反応を軽減し得るという理由で、有益である。特定の好ましい態様による投与量は、毎日投与される約6.0 mg〜約14000 mgのバルサラジドの範囲である。例えば、1.1 gバルサラジド錠3個という用量を1日に2回服用して、1日当たり合計6.6 gとすることができる。本発明による方法のためのその他の適切な投与量は、医療専門家によってまたは対象によって決定され得る。毎日投与されるバルサラジドの量は、対象の体重、年齢、健康状態、性別、または医学的状態に基づいて、増加または減少され得る。当業者は、本開示に基づいて、対象の適切な用量を決定することができる。
対象にバルサラジドを投与することにより、胃腸障害に罹患しているか、またはこれにかかりやすい男性対象を治療する方法を、本明細書に記載する。
水薬(水性または非水性の溶液または懸濁液)、錠剤、ボーラス剤、粉末剤、顆粒剤、ペースト剤;局所適用、例えば、胃腸管に適用されるクリーム剤、軟膏剤、もしくは噴霧剤として;直腸内に、例えば、ペッサリー、クリーム剤、もしくはフォーム剤として;またはエアロゾル、例えば、化合物を含む水性エアロゾル、リポソーム調製物、もしくは固形粒子として。
製品は、例えば、バルサラジドの経口投与に適したフィルムコート薬学的組成物もしくはカプセル剤またはその2つの組み合わせを保持する容器を、特定の剤形を男性対象に投与すべき時の説明を提供する、印刷されたラベル説明書と組み合わせて備える。例示的な剤形および投与プロトコールを以下に記載する。組成物は、剤形を保持および分配することができ、組成物と有意に相互作用せず、さらに適切なラベルと物理的に関連している任意の適切な容器中に含まれる。ラベル説明書は、本明細書に上記した治療方法と一致している。ラベルは、2つの物理的近接性を維持する任意の手段によって容器と結びついてよく、非限定的な例として、それらは、両方が箱もしくはプラスチック収縮包装などの包装材料中に含まれてもよいし、またはラベル説明書を不明瞭にしない接着剤または他の結合もしくは保持手段を用いるなどして、説明書が容器に結合している状態で結びついてもよい。
バルサラジドの投与を受けている対象は、以下のうちの1つまたは複数について通知され得る:
1.1 gバルサラジドを含むGIAZO、フィルムコート錠は、18歳以上の男性患者における軽度から中程度の活動性潰瘍性大腸炎の治療に適応される;女性患者における有効性は、臨床試験で実証されなかった。8週を超えるGIAZO療法の安全性および有効性は、証明されていない。
以下に記載されるデータは、軽度から中程度の活動性疾患を有する潰瘍性大腸炎患者565名におけるGIAZOの曝露を示す。GIAZOは、1件のプラセボ対照試験(168名をGIAZOで治療)、1件の実薬対照試験(210名をGIAZOで治療)において評価し;これらの患者の一部は、非対照非盲検延長試験にも参加した(さらなる187名をGIAZOで治療)。試験した集団は、平均年齢43.1(範囲:18〜80)歳であり;患者のおよそ94%が<65歳であり、49%が男性であり、かつ84%が白人であった。
プラセボ対照試験において、プラセボ群(68%)ではGIAZO群(55%)と比較して、患者のより多くの割合が有害反応を呈した。男性患者におけるGIAZOによる最も一般的な有害反応は、頭痛、上咽頭炎、貧血、下痢、倦怠感、咽喉頭痛、および尿路感染症であった。プラセボ群(13%)と比較して、より低い割合のGIAZO(10%)患者が、有害反応のために治療を中止した。有害反応の大部分は、軽度から中程度の重症度であった。重篤な有害反応を呈した患者の割合は、GIAZO群(2.4%)よりもプラセボ群(5.1%)において高かった。最も一般的な重篤な有害反応は胃腸管障害であり、これは主に潰瘍性大腸炎の症状に関連していた。
心血管および血管:血圧の上昇、心拍数の増加
皮膚化学:結節性紅斑、発疹
胃腸管障害:腹痛、便秘、便意切迫、下痢、口渇、硬い便、鼓腸、胃食道逆流症、嘔吐
肝胆道障害:アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼの上昇
感染症および体内侵入:胃腸炎、上気道感染症
筋骨格および結合組織障害:関節痛、背部痛、筋肉痛
神経系障害:眩暈、嗜眠
呼吸、胸部、および横隔障害:呼吸困難
全身性障害および投与部位障害:顔面浮腫、倦怠感、不快感、疼痛、発熱、腫脹
心血管および血管:心筋炎、心膜炎、血管炎
皮膚化学:脱毛症、掻痒症
胃腸管:膵炎
呼吸:肺胞炎、胸水、肺炎(好酸球増加症を伴うおよび伴わない)
腎臓:間質性腎炎、腎不全
健常対象18名における3.3 g GIAZOの単回投与後、バルサラジドについてはピーク血清濃度までの時間(Tmax)中央値は0.5時間であったのに対し、5-ASAおよびN-Ac-5-ASAの両者についてはTmax中央値は12時間であった(表2)。薬物動態パラメータは高いばらつきを示し、%CVは、AUCについては31%〜67%に及び、Cmaxについては27%〜68%に及んだ。
a 中央値および範囲として表示。
b N=17。
高脂肪食と共に3.3 g(3×1.1 g錠剤)のGIAZOを単回投与した後、バルサラジドのAUCは絶食投与と比較して影響を受けなかったが、食物の存在により、代謝物5-ASAおよびN-Ac-5-ASAのピーク濃度およびAUCはいずれも低下した。高脂肪食により、Tmax中央値は、バルサラジドでは0.5時間から2時間に;5-ASAでは12時間から24時間に;およびN-Ac-5-ASAでも12時間から24時間に延長した。摂食条件下では、平均Cmaxは、バルサラジドでは44%、5-ASAでは65%、およびN-Ac-5-ASAでは48%低下した。バルサラジドでは、AUC0-∞に有意な変化は認められなかったが;AUC0-∞は、5-ASAでは46%およびN-Ac-5-ASAでは17%減少した。
24カ月齢ラット(Sparague Dawley)発癌性試験において、最大で2 g/kg/日までの用量の経口(食餌性)バルサラジド二ナトリウムは腫瘍原性がなかった。平均身長の50 kgの人の場合、この用量は、体表面積によると、推奨されるヒト用量の2.5倍である。バルサラジド二ナトリウムは、以下のインビトロ試験またはインビボ試験において遺伝毒性がなかった:エイムス試験、ヒトリンパ球染色体異常試験、およびマウスリンパ球(L5178Y/TK+/-)正突然変異試験、またはマウス小核試験。しかしながら、これは、インビトロチャイニーズハムスター肺細胞(CH V79/HGRPT)正突然変異試験において遺伝毒性があった。
軽度から中程度の活動性潰瘍性大腸炎を有する成人患者250名において、二重盲検プラセボ対照多施設試験を実施した。試験集団は主に白人であり(84%)、平均年齢は44歳(7%が65歳以上)で、49%が男性であった。疾患活動性は修正Mayo疾患活動性指数1(MMDAI)を用いて評価したが、これは4つのサブスコア(排便、直腸出血、内視鏡的所見、および医師の包括的評価)の合計であり、各々は0〜3の範囲であり、高いスコアほど悪い疾患を示す。ベースラインMMDAIスコア中央値は8であった。患者を2:1に無作為に分類し、1日に2回のGIAZO 3.3 gまたはプラセボのいずれかによる治療を8週間受けてもらった。
患者がサリチル酸塩(例えば、アスピリン)に対して過敏性を有する場合には、患者にGIAZOを服用しないように指示する。
患者が腎障害を有するかどうか、または後に腎障害と診断されるかどうか。GIAZOに類似した医薬品の投与を受けた一部の人では、腎臓への損傷が観察されている。
患者が肝疾患を有するかどうか、または後に肝疾患と診断されるかどうか。GIAZOに類似した医薬品の投与を受けた一部の人では、肝疾患の悪化が観察されている。
患者が幽門狭窄を有するかどうか、または後に幽門狭窄と診断されるかどうか。GIAZO錠はそのような患者の消化管をゆっくりと通過する可能性があるためである。
本出願を通じて引用したすべての参考文献、特許、係属中の特許出願、および公開済み特許の内容は、参照により本明細書に明白に組み入れられる。
当業者は、本明細書に記載されている本発明の特定の態様に対する多くの均等物を認識するか、または日常的な実験のみを用いて確認することができるであろう。このような均等物は、以下の特許請求の範囲に包含されることが意図される。
Claims (35)
- 治療を必要とする男性対象にバルサラジドの治療有効量を投与する段階を含む、胃腸障害を治療する方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.5〜約6.8 g/日を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.6 g/日を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.75 g/日を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり2回の製剤3錠の投与計画であり、各錠剤が約1100 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- バルサラジド錠がフィルムコート錠である、請求項5記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり3回の製剤3カプセルの投与計画であり、各カプセル剤が約750 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 対象への投与が、食物摂取の約30分前〜約1時間後に行われる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 胃腸障害が潰瘍性大腸炎を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 潰瘍性大腸炎が軽度から中程度の活動性潰瘍性大腸炎である、請求項9記載の方法。
- 対象にバルサラジドの治療有効量を投与し、それによってMMDAIスコアを減少させる段階を含む、潰瘍性大腸炎を有する男性対象においてMMDAIスコアを減少させる方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.5〜約6.8 g/日を含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.6 g/日を含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.75 g/日を含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり2回の製剤3錠の投与計画であり、各錠剤が約1100 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- バルサラジド錠がフィルムコート錠である、請求項15記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり3回の製剤3カプセルの投与計画であり、各カプセル剤が約750 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- MMDAIスコアが3ポイントまたはそれ以上減少する、請求項11記載の方法。
- MMDAIスコアの直腸出血に関する構成要素が1ポイントまたはそれ以上減少する、請求項11記載の方法。
- 対象にバルサラジドの治療有効量を投与し、それによって該対象において寛解を誘導する段階を含む、男性対象において潰瘍性大腸炎の臨床的寛解を誘導する方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.5〜約6.8 g/日を含む、請求項20記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.6 g/日を含む、請求項20記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.75 g/日を含む、請求項20記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり2回の製剤3錠の投与計画であり、各錠剤が約1100 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項21記載の方法。
- バルサラジド錠がフィルムコート錠である、請求項24記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり3回の製剤3カプセルの投与計画であり、各カプセル剤が約750 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項20記載の方法。
- 寛解が、直腸出血に関してMMDAIの構成要素スコアがゼロであること、ならびに排便および医師の評価に関して合算スコアが2またはそれ未満であることにより定義される、請求項20記載の方法。
- 対象にバルサラジドの治療有効量を投与し、それによって該対象において粘膜治癒を誘導する段階を含む、潰瘍性大腸炎を有する男性対象において粘膜治癒を誘導する方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.5〜約6.8 g/日を含む、請求項28記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.6 g/日を含む、請求項28記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が約6.75 g/日を含む、請求項28記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり2回の製剤3錠の投与計画であり、各錠剤が約1100 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項29記載の方法。
- バルサラジド錠がフィルムコート錠である、請求項32記載の方法。
- 治療有効量が、1日当たり3回の製剤3カプセルの投与計画であり、各カプセル剤が約750 mgのバルサラジドを含む、請求項28記載の方法。
- 粘膜治癒が、内視鏡検査/S状結腸鏡検査スコアにおける0または1までの改善と定義される、請求項28記載の方法。
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US20150132381A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
US20120058184A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
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