JP2013234768A - Wood-fired kiln for ceramic art - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wood-fired kiln for ceramic art which can avoid the discharge of dark smoke and nasty smell, and can make discharge gas colorless, transparent, odorless scentless, in which by performing second bake of the discharge gas, the effective use is achieved shortening a burn time, and in which the bake can be temporarily stopped.SOLUTION: A kiln 1 for ceramic art is configured so that a smoke path B partitioned by a thin layer whose material having high heat conductivity, and a secondary firing chamber C are installed in the interior of a kiln body, that the heat in a baking chamber A is transferred to the smoke path B and the secondary firing chamber C, and from the secondary firing chamber C to interior of the baking chamber A, and that outside air is mixed in the fired gas discharged from the baking chamber A, moving upward in the smoke path B.

Description

  The present invention relates to the structure of a pottery kiln for ceramics, in particular, it is possible to avoid the discharge of black smoke even when strong reduction firing is performed, and the temperature rise time of reduction firing is reduced by secondary combustion inside the kiln body. The present invention relates to a pottery kiln that can shorten the firing time.

  Ceramic kilns generally include wood kilns, kerosene kilns, gas kilns, and electric kilns, depending on the thermal materials used. There are two firing methods: oxidation firing and reduction firing. In the case of a firewood kiln, the firing is performed by supplying sufficient oxygen into the firing chamber to completely burn the firewood and maintaining the firing chamber in an oxidizing atmosphere. The reduction firing is a method in which a large amount of soot is put into a firing chamber and incomplete combustion is performed, and firing is performed while the firing chamber is maintained in a reducing atmosphere.

  There is a dramatic difference in the finish of the work (color, gloss, kiln change, etc.), even if the same glaze is used for works with glaze between oxidation firing and reduction firing. Will occur. In the case of a non-glazed and baked piece, the burning method is appropriately selected because burning the soot as a fuel causes ash to fall in the work and becomes a source of natural soot, and the temperature rise upon reduction determines the color development of the natural soot. As long as the temperature in the firing chamber does not exceed 850 ° C, the effect of reduction firing cannot be obtained even if the firing chamber is in a reducing atmosphere. In the meantime, the firing chamber supplies a sufficient amount of oxygen with a small amount of soot to burn the soot completely and oxidizes and fires. After exceeding 850 ° C (or 900 ° C), the amount of soot is increased to increase the firing chamber. The technique of switching to a reducing atmosphere is used.

Japanese Patent No. 4335831

  When oxidation firing is performed, soot completely burns in the firing chamber, so the gas discharged from the firing chamber is colorless and transparent. However, when reducing firing is performed, the firing chamber is fired with a strong reducing atmosphere. In case of fire, black smoke will be discharged to the outside (especially in the case of firewood kilns, a large amount of black smoke and off-flavor will be generated unlike other kerosene and gas kilns). It is often difficult to install in a place with a private house. In addition, since reduction firing is incomplete combustion, raising the temperature in the firing chamber requires firing without sleep for a long time.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and even when strong reduction firing is performed, it is possible to avoid the discharge of black smoke and off-flavor and to make the exhaust gas colorless and transparent and non-brominated. An object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic pottery kiln that can be effectively used by secondary firing of the exhaust gas, shortening the combustion time and stopping the temporary firing.

  The pottery kiln according to the present invention is provided with a flue and a secondary combustion chamber partitioned by a material having high thermal conductivity by a thin layer inside the main body of the kiln, and the heat in the firing chamber is transferred to the flue and the secondary combustion chamber. In addition, it is configured to be transmitted from the secondary combustion chamber to the firing chamber, and is characterized in that outside air is mixed into the combustion gas discharged from the firing chamber and rising up the flue.

  The secondary combustion chamber is heated by the heat of the firing chamber, and is ignited by a flame guided from the firing chamber to a mixed gas of the outside air and the combustion gas, thereby performing secondary combustion at a higher temperature. In this kiln, air holes are formed in the furnace ceiling and the lowest part of the chimney, and means for adjusting the amount of air holes is attached.

  The ceramic pottery of the present invention is configured so that the flue where the combustion gas rises and the secondary combustion chamber are heated to a high temperature by receiving heat from the firing chamber, so that sufficient oxygen can be supplied to the high temperature region, and The black incomplete gas generated in the firing chamber by the strong reduction firing is completely burnt in the secondary combustion chamber by the flame rising in the secondary combustion chamber and can be made colorless and transparent. Can compensate for temperature rise. Therefore, it is possible to perform strong reduction firing without discharging black smoke, shortening the firing time, and as a result, it is possible to install the firewood kiln in a place with a private house in the vicinity, and even the firewood kiln can be finished by firing alone. it can.

Cross-sectional perspective view of the ceramic pottery kiln 1 according to the present invention Vertical sectional view of a ceramic pottery kiln according to the present invention Horizontal view of ceiling and chimney according to the present invention Horizontal sectional view of the secondary combustion chamber according to the present invention Horizontal sectional view of the baking chamber according to the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a pottery kiln 1 according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view, FIG. 3 is a chimney horizontal cross-sectional view, FIG. 4 is a secondary combustion chamber horizontal cross-sectional view, and FIG. It is sectional drawing. In these drawings, 2 (2a to 2d) is a furnace wall, 3 is a furnace ceiling, 4 is a furnace floor, 5 is a partition wall, and 6 is a partition ceiling. In addition, the lowest part of the chimney D is represented by the 2a wall upper part of a furnace ceiling, From now on, the upper part is abbreviate | omitted in FIGS.

  The interior of the pottery kiln 1 is roughly divided into a furnace wall 2 (2a to 2d), a space surrounded by the furnace ceiling 3 and the hearth 5, and a part of the furnace walls 2b and 2d and the partition wall 5 A space surrounded by the furnace wall 2c (smoke path B), a space surrounded by the upper part of the furnace walls 2a to 2d, the partition ceiling 6 and the furnace ceiling 3 (secondary combustion chamber c), and inside the furnace walls 2a to 2d It can be divided into a space (firing chamber A) surrounded by the partition ceiling 6 and the hearth 5.

  As apparent from these drawings, three holes (combustion gas discharge ports 7) are formed in the partition wall 5, and the firing chamber A and the flue B are in communication with each other via the communication ports 7. . The upper part of the flue B is in communication with the secondary combustion chamber.

  As is clear from these figures, the flue B is partitioned by the firing chamber A and a thin wall (having high thermal conductivity) partition wall 5, and an air hole 8 is formed at the top of the furnace wall 2C. The uppermost part of the flue is in communication with the outside through the air hole 8.

  The secondary combustion chamber C is separated from the firing chamber A by a thin partition ceiling 6 and communicates with the uppermost part of the flue B, and the flue B of the firing chamber partition ceiling 6 (the floor of the secondary combustion chamber). A flaming hole 14 is formed on the side, and the secondary combustion chamber C is in communication with the firing chamber via the flaming hole 15, and a kamaboko-shaped protrusion 15 approaches the flue side of the flaming hole 14. Is formed.

  An air hole 9 is formed in the upper part of the furnace ceiling 3, and the secondary combustion chamber C is in communication with outside air via the air hole 9. A slide type opening / closing plate 10 is attached to the upper part of the air hole, and the opening amount of the air hole 9 or the amount of air flowing into the secondary combustion chamber C by sliding the opening / closing plate 10 in the horizontal direction. Can be adjusted appropriately.

  An air hole 11 is formed in the lowermost part of the chimney D and the upper part of the furnace wall 2a, and the chimney D is in communication with the outside air through the air hole 11. A sliding opening / closing plate 12 is attached to the middle of the air hole 11, and the opening amount of the air hole 11 or the amount of air flowing into the chimney D can be adjusted as appropriate by sliding the opening / closing plate 12. It is like that. A slide-type chimney opening / closing plate 13 is attached to the air hole 11 so that the combustion gas or hot air discharged from the furnace can be stopped.

  The ceramic pottery kiln 1 of the present embodiment is configured as described above, and can effectively use the heat that completely burns the exhaust gas in the firing chamber in the secondary combustion chamber, and can suitably avoid the discharge of black smoke. . This point will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 1, outside air flows into the upper surface of the hearth 4 from the opening of the rooster rail 18 through the external airflow inlet E, and the dredging inlets 16 to 17 a 17 b are placed on the rooster rail 18 or the hearth 4. The flame that has stood up and burned from after reaching the surface of the partition ceiling 6 proceeds to the rear of the firing chamber along the surface of the partition ceiling 6 and flows down along the partition wall toward the combustion gas discharge port 7. It will be. Thus, the ceramic pottery kiln 1 of this embodiment has a structure in which a flame convects in the firing chamber A during firing.

  On the other hand, the combustion gas generated together with the flame is also convected in the firing chamber A like the flame, but finally flows out from the combustion gas discharge port 7 formed in the partition wall 5 to the flue B. It rises inside, flows into the secondary combustion chamber C, convects the secondary combustion chamber, and is discharged outside through the chimney D.

  However, in the ceramic pottery kiln 1 of the present embodiment, the flue B and the secondary combustion chamber C are partitioned by a thin layer of refractory material having high thermal conductivity, and the high heat in the firing chamber A is directly directed to the flue. B and the secondary combustion chamber C are transmitted, and this region becomes high temperature as the temperature of the firing chamber A increases.

  By the way, when strong reduction firing is performed in a conventional general ceramic pottery kiln, the incomplete combustion gas of the soot rises to the chimney as it is, so that black smoke is discharged from the chimney D. Also in the ceramic pottery kiln 1 of the present embodiment, when strong reduction firing is performed, black gas is generated in the firing chamber A due to incomplete combustion, but unlike the conventional pottery kiln, black gas is generated. Rather than being discharged as it is, when passing through the area of the flue and secondary combustion chamber, the gas is exposed to high temperature and completely burned in the secondary combustion chamber, so that it is discharged after being colorless and transparent and non-brominated. Will be.

  However, it is difficult to make the incomplete combustion gas of the soot that is generated unstable only by being exposed to high temperature to make it colorless and transparent, and for that purpose, it is necessary to supply sufficient oxygen and surely In addition, a flame that ignites the incomplete combustion gas is required. Therefore, the ceramic pottery kiln 1 according to the present embodiment is configured so that outside air is taken in and reliably ignited by the flame rising from the surface of the partition ceiling 6 to the mixed gas of incomplete combustion gas and outside air to be burned. .

  More specifically, the incomplete combustion gas generated in the firing chamber rises while being exposed to the flue B through the combustion gas discharge port 7 due to the heat of the firing chamber, and the air hole 8 at the top. It is mixed with the air flowing in from and becomes a combustible gas mixture.

  The mixed gas that has flowed into the secondary combustion chamber C passes through the vertical hole 14 of the partition ceiling 6 (floor surface of the secondary combustion chamber), the combustion pressure in the firing chamber A, and the secondary combustion chamber C of the scallop-shaped protrusion 15. With the suction force by convection, the flame can be guided from the firing chamber A and ignited with certainty, and in order to completely burn the ignited mixed gas, the ceiling air hole 9 is formed in the furnace ceiling 3 and the sliding opening / closing The 10 plates can allow the optimum outside air to flow into the complete combustion, and the chimney D has the air damper port 11 so that the outside air can flow into the secondary combustion chamber by opening the slide. Even in C, combustion gas with insufficient combustion can be burned completely.

In addition, unlike the damper with the slide plate, the air damper port 11 is configured to suppress the inflow of outside air by discharging a large amount of combustion gas immediately after the soot is introduced into the firing chamber A. This suppresses the emission of combustion gas, and the inflow amount of outside air increases and decreases in conjunction with the combustion amount of soot, so that the firing chamber can be maintained in a reducing atmosphere.

  In addition, a chimney opening / closing plate 11 is formed below the air damper opening 11 at the bottom of the chimney. By pushing the chimney opening / closing plate 11 in the horizontal direction, the outflow of combustion gas and hot air flowing out from the firing chamber can be stopped. Since the outside air flows into the chimney D by opening the air damper port 11, the suction power of the chimney does not reach the firing chamber, and the temporary firing operation is interrupted without lowering the temperature of the firing chamber. Time to take a break can be ensured, and the inflow of outside air into the firing chamber can be prevented by the suction force of the chimney after the firing is completed.

  Thus, the ceramic pottery kiln according to the present embodiment can be fired without changing the traditional firing method and flame convection of the firing chamber A, the flue and secondary combustion inside the kiln body which is a high temperature region By installing the chamber, sufficient oxygen can be supplied to the combustion gas with unstable soot discharge, and it can be ignited reliably by the flame guided from the firing chamber, and complete combustion can be achieved. The heat generated by the subsequent combustion can compensate for the temperature rise in the firing chamber A during the long reduction firing. As a result, it is possible to avoid black smoke and to install a firewood kiln even in a neighborhood such as a private house and to perform the baking work alone.

  The ceramic pottery kiln 1 of the present embodiment can be fired with firewood that burns more unstable than other fuel materials, so even if other fuel materials are used, black smoke is not discharged efficiently. It can be fired.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ceramic pottery kiln 2 (2a-2d) Furnace wall 3 Furnace ceiling 4 Furnace floor 5 Partition wall 6 Partition ceiling 7 Combustion gas discharge port 8 Air hole 9 Ceiling air hole 10 Opening and closing plate 11 Air damper port 12 Air damper opening and closing plate 13 Chimney Opening and closing plate 14 Yamagata projection 15 Fire stand 16 Firewood input port 17 Recumbent input port 18 Rostle bar 19 Firing air port
A firing chamber
B Flue
C Secondary combustion chamber
D Chimney

Claims (4)

  By installing a flue with a thin layer and a secondary combustion chamber in the kiln body, the heat of the firing chamber is transmitted to the flue and the secondary combustion chamber, and the heat of the secondary combustion chamber is also transmitted to the firing chamber. A ceramic pottery kiln configured to allow outside air to be mixed into the combustion gas discharged from the firing chamber and rising without the temperature being lowered by the flue.   The ceramic pottery kiln according to claim 1, wherein the mixed gas of the outside air and the combustion gas is ignited by a flame guided from a partition ceiling of a secondary combustion chamber.   The pottery kiln according to claim 1 or 2, wherein air holes are formed in the furnace ceiling and the chimney, and means for adjusting a gap between the air holes is attached. The heat generated by the complete combustion of the mixed gas in the secondary combustion chamber is transferred to the firing chamber to compensate for the temperature rise in the firing chamber during reduction firing, according to claim 1, 2, or 3. The ceramic pottery kiln described.

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