JP2013230771A - Shelter for evacuation from tsunami - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shelter for evacuation from tsunami with high safety, which is capable of preventing breakage of the shelter caused by the collision of a floating wreckage carried away by tsunami against the shelter.SOLUTION: A shelter includes a shelter body 1 which can accommodate evacuees, and can float on water, and a collision preventive member 2 which is erected on the ground so as to surround the entire periphery or a part of a periphery of the shelter body 1 to prevent the collision of floating wreckage against the shelter body. The collision preventive member 2 is constituted of a plurality of stakes or the like driven into the ground with a space therebetween, and its height is preferably changed according to the water level.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation shelter, and more particularly, to a highly safe tsunami evacuation shelter that can prevent a drifting object carried by a tsunami from colliding with a shelter body.

Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world, and many lives have been lost due to the earthquake.
Many of the victims of an earthquake lose their lives due to the earthquake itself, such as the collapse of a building. Many lives were lost.

Conventionally, in Japan, when a tsunami occurs, it is common to evacuate to an evacuation facility such as a school or a public hall on a hill designated in advance by the local government.
However, because the tsunami travels very fast, if the evacuation facility is far away from the coast, residents near the coast will not be able to evacuate in time, and they will be trapped in the tsunami during the evacuation and save their lives.

In view of such a situation, a facility for tsunami evacuation installed near the coast is proposed in Patent Document 1 below.
The technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a base portion configured in a pier shape by driving a metal pillar material into the ground, and an indoor portion of a high floor configured by a metal panel on the pier base portion. This is a high-floor metal building, which is certainly excellent in that it enables quick evacuation of residents near the coast in the event of a tsunami.

However, since the height of the indoor part of the building of this disclosed technology is fixed, if a tsunami higher than expected is generated and the height of the tsunami exceeds the height of the indoor part, evacuation will occur. There was a big problem that a great deal of damage was caused to the residents.
To solve this problem, it is possible to set the height of the indoor part as high as possible, but if the evacuation site becomes too high, it will take time to evacuate. It becomes difficult and the risk of being caught in a tsunami during evacuation increases. In particular, for elderly people, women, children, etc., those with weak legs and legs, it is difficult to climb the indoor part at a high position on the stairs, and there is a risk of being caught in a tsunami during evacuation.

As technologies that can solve such problems, for example, there are technologies disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3 below.
The disclosed technique of Patent Document 2 is a tsunami evacuation site comprising a column driven into the ground and an evacuation platform provided on the ground part of the column, and the evacuation platform places the evacuation platform on the sea surface. A float type tsunami refuge having a float that can be floated and that can be lifted along the support column by the buoyancy of the float.
The disclosed technique of Patent Document 3 is composed of an evacuation chamber formed in the upper part and a buoyancy chamber formed in the lower part, and is arranged between a shelter body that can float on water, an outer surface of the shelter body, and the foundation ground. The length of the connecting rope is set to be at least longer than the water level of the tsunami that is expected to arrive, and the center of gravity of the shelter body is below the buoyant position of the shelter body. It is a tsunami shelter device.

Since the disclosed technologies of these Patent Documents 2 and 3 both have a configuration in which the evacuee accommodating part (shelter) can float according to the water level, it is excellent in that it can cope with a change in the height of the tsunami. ing.
However, these disclosed techniques have significant problems.
As can be seen from the previous example of the Great East Japan Earthquake, when a huge tsunami occurs, large heavy objects such as ships and cars are washed away as the tsunami progresses. If this happens, the shelter may be damaged due to the impact of large heavy objects (floating objects) that have been washed away against the shelter before or during the ascent, and there may be a serious danger for the refugees housed inside the shelter. is there.
In the disclosed technologies of Patent Documents 1 and 2, no countermeasure has been taken with respect to the danger of such a collision of drifting objects.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-184323 JP 2006-112089 A JP 2008-74385 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and is capable of preventing the drifting object that has been swept away by the tsunami from colliding with the shelter and damaging the shelter. A high tsunami evacuation shelter is provided.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shelter body capable of accommodating evacuees and capable of floating in water, and standing on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or part of the periphery of the shelter body. The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation shelter characterized by comprising a collision prevention member for preventing a drifting object from colliding with the tsunami.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to the shelter for tsunami evacuation according to claim 1, wherein the height of the collision preventing member changes according to the water level.

  The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that a float is attached to the collision preventing member, and the height of the collision preventing member changes due to the floating of the float as the water level rises. 2. A tsunami evacuation shelter as described in 2.

  The invention according to claim 4 relates to the tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the collision preventing member is composed of a plurality of piles driven into the ground at intervals. .

  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the plurality of piles are arranged side by side in a substantially arc shape in plan view with the position of the shelter body or the vicinity thereof as the center. Regarding tsunami shelters.

  The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the anti-collision member is provided at least on the side where the tsunami is expected to strike and the opposite side around the shelter body. It is related with the tsunami evacuation shelter in any one of thru | or 5.

  The invention according to claim 7 relates to the tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the plurality of piles are connected to each other by a string-like member.

  The invention according to claim 8 is configured such that the shelter body is configured to detachably combine a plurality of shelter units having an internal space capable of accommodating evacuees, and each shelter unit has an inlet. A tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

  The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the shelter body is connected to the collision preventing member and a string-like member, and the length of the string-like member is set to be longer than a tsunami water level assumed in advance. The tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

  The invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that the shelter main body can be moved up and down along a strut driven into the ground, and the height of the strut is set higher than a water level of a tsunami assumed in advance. The tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a shelter body capable of accommodating evacuees and floating in water, and standing on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or part of the periphery of the shelter body, The anti-collision member prevents the drifting object from colliding with the shelter body, so that the shelter body can be lifted according to the water level of the tsunami and the ship that has been washed away by the tsunami by the anti-collision member Drifting objects are prevented from colliding with the shelter body. Further, since the wave force can be weakened by the collision preventing member, the wave force acting on the shelter body can be reduced.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since the height of the collision preventing member changes according to the water level, even if the water level of the tsunami becomes high, the drifting object gets over the collision preventing member and collides with the shelter body. It is possible to ensure high safety.

  According to the invention of claim 3, a float is attached to the collision prevention member, and the height of the collision prevention member changes due to the float rising as the water level rises. It is possible to automatically change the height of the collision preventing member as the water level rises without providing a device for changing the height. Therefore, it is possible to construct a highly safe collision preventing member at a low cost. Moreover, since the float which floated can exhibit the function which eases the impact force at the time of the collision of a drifting object, it becomes possible to improve safety | security further.

  According to the invention according to claim 4, since the collision preventing member is composed of a plurality of piles driven into the ground with a space between each other, the water flow is allowed to pass between the piles and receive only the drifting matter. it can. Therefore, a large load due to water pressure is not applied to the collision preventing member. Moreover, since the anti-collision member is a pile that is driven into and fixed to the ground, it is possible to exert a high resistance to the collision of drifting objects.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, since the said several pile is arrange | positioned along with the position of the said shelter main body, or its vicinity position along with the substantially circular arc shape in planar view, It is possible to move along the arc and escape, and the force applied when the drifting object collides with the pile can be reduced.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the collision preventing member is provided at least on the side where the tsunami is expected to strike and the opposite side around the shelter body, As a result, it is possible to prevent not only the debris that has flowed through the tank but also the debris that has returned by the pulling wave from colliding with the shelter body, which greatly improves safety.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 7, since the said several pile is mutually connected by the string-like member, the intensity | strength of a collision prevention member is raised as a whole, without disturbing the water flow which passes between piles. It becomes possible. Moreover, it is prevented that the medium-sized drifting object smaller than the distance between piles collides with a shelter main body, and safety improves.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 8, since the shelter main body is comprised combining several shelter units which have the internal space which can accommodate an evacuee so that separation is possible, according to the population etc. of the area to install The number of shelter units can be easily adjusted by changing the number of shelter units to be combined. Since each shelter unit has an entrance, each shelter unit can function as a shelter body, and the shelter unit can be used alone.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 9, the shelter main body is connected with the said collision prevention member and the string-like member, and since the length of the said string-like member is set longer than the water level of the tsunami assumed beforehand. The shelter body can be prevented from being washed away, and the shelter body can be surely floated up to the water surface.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 10, the shelter main body can be moved up and down along the support | pillar driven into the ground, The height of the said support | pillar is set higher than the water level of the tsunami assumed beforehand. The shelter body can be prevented from being washed away, and the shelter body can be surely floated up to the water surface.

It is a figure which shows 1st embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure which shows the state which the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 1st embodiment surfaced on the water surface. It is a figure which shows the effect | action of the collision prevention member of the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure which shows the case where the collision prevention member of the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 1st embodiment is made into the structure where height changes according to a water level. It is a figure which shows a shelter main body, Comprising: (a) is a top view, (b) is the sectional view on the AA line of (a), (c) is the example which comprised the shelter main body from the single shelter unit, (D) is the example which comprised the shelter main body by connecting several shelter units in the width direction and the length direction. It is a figure which shows the specific structure of a shelter main body, Comprising: (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the internal structure of a shelter unit, (b) is a top view of a shelter unit. It is a figure which shows 2nd embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure which shows the state which the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 2nd embodiment surfaced on the water surface. It is a figure which shows the effect | action of the collision prevention member of the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 2nd embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure which shows the case where the collision prevention member of the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 2nd embodiment is made into the structure where height changes according to a water level. It is explanatory drawing which shows 3rd embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows 4th embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows 5th embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a plan view.
A tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention (including all embodiments described later) includes a shelter body (1) that can accommodate an evacuee inside and can float on water, and the shelter body (1). And a collision preventing member (2) for preventing a drifting object from colliding.

In the first embodiment, the shelter body (1) is installed on the ground, and is connected to the collision preventing member (2) by a string-like member (3) such as a chain or a rope.
The length of the string-like member (3) is set longer than the water level of the tsunami assumed in advance. For example, when the water level of the incoming tsunami is assumed to be 10 m, the length is set to at least 10 m.
Thereby, as shown in FIG. 2, a shelter main body (1) can be levitated according to the water level of a tsunami. In addition, the shelter body (1) is prevented from being washed away by the tsunami.

The collision preventing member (2) is erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1). In the first embodiment, the collision preventing member (2) is erected on the ground so as to surround a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1) (see FIG. 1B), but surrounds the entire circumference. You may stand upright.
When the collision prevention member (2) is provided so as to surround a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), it is preferable to provide the collision prevention member (2) at least on the side (shore side) where a tsunami is expected to strike. In this case, the collision preventing member (2) is preferably provided over at least the width (W) of the shelter body (1). This reliably prevents the drifting object from colliding with the shelter body.

When a tsunami occurs, large heavy objects such as ships and automobiles may flow along with the tsunami, and if such large heavy objects (floating objects) collide with the shelter body (1), the shelter body (1) is damaged. There is a risk. If the shelter body (1) is damaged, the lives of the evacuees housed inside it will be dangerous.
However, by providing the collision prevention member (2), drifting objects (H) such as ships that have been swept away by the tsunami are prevented from moving in the direction of the shelter body (1) by the collision prevention member (2) ( (See FIG. 3). Thereby, it is prevented that a drifting object (H) collides with a shelter main body (1), and the safety of the refugee accommodated inside can be ensured. In addition, since the wave force can be weakened by the collision preventing member (2), the wave force received by the shelter body (1) can be reduced.

The collision preventing member (2) is composed of a plurality of (seven in the illustrated example) steel pipe piles driven into the ground at intervals.
Since the anti-collision member (2) is a pile that is driven into and fixed to the ground, it is possible to exert a high resistance against the collision of drifting objects. Moreover, since the pile which comprises a collision prevention member (2) is arrange | positioned at intervals, a water flow can be passed through between piles and can receive only a drifting thing. Therefore, a large load due to water pressure is not applied to the collision preventing member.
You may connect the several pile which comprises a collision prevention member (2) by string-like members, such as a chain. With such a configuration, it is possible to increase the strength of the collision preventing member (2) as a whole without disturbing the water flow. Moreover, it is prevented that the medium-sized drifting object smaller than the distance between piles collides with a shelter main body (1). The same applies to other embodiments.

Although the arrangement of the plurality of piles constituting the collision preventing member (2) is not particularly limited, as shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 3 (b), the position of the shelter body (1) or the vicinity thereof is the center. As described above, it is preferable to arrange them side by side in a substantially circular arc shape (including an elliptical arc shape, an arc shape with a constant curvature, etc.) in plan view.
Thereby, it becomes possible to move the drifting object (H) that has flowed along with the tsunami along the circular arc and let it escape. That is, as shown by the solid line → broken line in FIG. 3B, the drifting object (H) changes its direction so as to follow the substantially arcuate arrangement of the collision preventing member (2). Therefore, the force applied to the collision preventing member (2) when the drifting object collides with the pile can be greatly reduced, and the collision preventing member (2) can be prevented from being damaged.

The collision preventing member (2) preferably has a structure in which the height changes according to the water level.
Examples of such a structure include a structure as shown in FIG. 4, but are not limited thereto.
In the structure shown in FIG. 4, the collision preventing member (2) is a double tube comprising an outer tube (21) and an inner tube (22), and the inner tube (22) can slide with respect to the outer tube (21). By doing so, the length of the inner tube (22) protruding from the upper end of the outer tube (22) can be changed. A float (4) is attached to the inner pipe (22), and the height of the collision preventing member (2) (the inner pipe from the upper end of the outer pipe (21) is increased by floating of the float (4) as the water level rises. The protruding length of the tube (22) is changed.
In addition, the float (4) is attached to the outer pipe (21) so that the outer pipe (21) can slide with respect to the inner pipe (22), and the outer pipe (21) protruding from the upper end of the inner pipe (22). You may enable it to change the length of.

Thus, when the collision preventing member (2) adopts a structure in which the height changes according to the water level, when the tsunami is large and the water level becomes high, the drifting object causes the collision preventing member (2) to It is possible to prevent the vehicle from getting over and colliding with the shelter body (1).
When the float (4) is attached to the collision prevention member (2) and the height of the collision prevention member (2) is changed by the float of the float (4) as the water level rises, the collision prevention member Without providing a device (for example, a motor) for changing the height of (2), the height of the collision preventing member can be automatically changed as the water level rises.
Further, when the float (4) is provided at the upper end of the collision preventing member (2), the float (4) itself exhibits a collision preventing function. For example, when the float (4) has a cushioning property such as a rubber tube, it is possible to mitigate the impact when the drifting object collides with the float (4).

Next, the configuration of the shelter body (1) will be described. In addition, the structure of the shelter main body (1) demonstrated below is a structure common to all embodiment.
5 and 6 are views showing the shelter body (1).
The shelter body (1) is configured by combining a plurality of shelter units (11) having an internal space capable of accommodating evacuees so as to be separable in a plane direction (width direction and / or length direction of the shelter unit). Is preferred.
Fig.5 (a) is a top view which shows an example of a shelter main body (1), FIG.5 (b) is the sectional view on the AA line of Fig.5 (a).
The shelter body (1) shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) is constituted by connecting four shelter units (11) in the width direction. Although the connection method is not particularly limited, a connection method using bolts and nuts is preferably employed. Each of the shelter units (11) connected to each other has an inlet (12) and a ventilation port (13) on the upper surface. As a result, the shelter unit (11) alone can be used.
The plurality of connected shelter units (11) are preferably configured such that the internal spaces can communicate (can travel), but the internal spaces of the respective shelter units (11) may be isolated.

  In the shelter body (1) having such a structure, it is possible to change the number of shelter units (11) to be combined according to the number of persons accommodated. For example, when the capacity is small, one shelter unit (11) is used (see FIG. 5C), and when the capacity is large, the shelter unit (11) is arranged in the width direction and the length direction. What is necessary is just to use it in combination (refer FIG.5 (d)).

FIG. 6A is a longitudinal sectional view showing the internal structure of the shelter unit (11), and FIG. 6B is a plan view of the shelter unit (11).
The shelter unit (11) has a main body part (111) having an internal space in which an evacuee is accommodated, and a deck part (112) provided on the upper surface of the main body part (111). The deck part (112) The internal space can be reached by the stairs (113). Illumination (114) and warehouse (115) are provided in the internal space, and handrail (116), toilet (117), battery (118), escape hatch (119) are provided on deck (112). .
The number of shelter units (11) that can be accommodated is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 20 to 50 people.
The two spaces serving as the warehouses (115) disposed at the front and rear ends of the shelter unit (11) and the space for accommodating the refugees disposed between the two spaces are separated by a partition wall. Thereby, even when it is flooded in the space serving as the warehouse (115), it is prevented that it is flooded into the space where the evacuees are accommodated.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a plan view.
Hereinafter, the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the second embodiment will be described with a focus on the configuration different from that of the first embodiment described above, and the same reference numerals will be assigned to the configurations common to the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. .

In the second embodiment, the shelter body (1) is installed on the ground and can be moved up and down along the strut (5) driven into the ground, and the height of the strut (5) is assumed in advance. Is set higher than the water level.
Specifically, steel pipes are attached to the four corners of the shelter body (1), and the columns (5) are inserted into the steel pipes. As the column (5), a steel pipe pile having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the steel pipe attached to the four corners of the shelter body (1) is used.
Thereby, the shelter body (1) can be moved up and down along the column (5), and the shelter body (1) can be lifted according to the water level of the tsunami as shown in FIG. In addition, the shelter body (1) is prevented from being washed away by the tsunami.

As shown in FIGS. 7B and 9B, the plurality of steel pipe piles constituting the collision preventing member (2) are substantially omitted in plan view with the position of the shelter body (1) or the vicinity thereof as the center. It is preferable to arrange them side by side in a circular arc shape (including an elliptical arc shape, an arc shape having a non-constant curvature, etc.).
Thereby, it becomes possible to move the drifting object (H) that has flowed along with the tsunami along the circular arc and let it escape. That is, as shown by the solid line → broken line in FIG. 9B, the drifting object (H) changes its direction so as to follow the substantially arcuate arrangement of the collision preventing member (2). Therefore, the force applied to the collision preventing member (2) when the drifting object collides with the pile can be greatly reduced, and the collision preventing member (2) can be prevented from being damaged.

The collision preventing member (2) is erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1). In the second embodiment, the collision preventing member (2) is erected on the ground so as to surround a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1) (see FIG. 7B), but surrounds the entire circumference. You may stand upright.
When the collision prevention member (2) is provided so as to surround a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), it is preferable to provide the collision prevention member (2) at least on the side (coast side) where a tsunami is expected to strike. As shown in FIG. 9, it is preferable to provide it on the side (coast side) where the tsunami is expected to strike and on the opposite side. This is because it is possible to prevent not only the drifting material that has flown by the spilling wave but also the drifting material that has returned by the pulling wave from colliding with the shelter body (1), and safety is improved. The same applies to other embodiments.

  Also in the second embodiment, when the tsunami is large and the water level becomes high, in order to prevent the drifting object from getting over the collision prevention member (2) and colliding with the shelter body (1), the first embodiment Similarly, the collision preventing member (2) preferably employs a structure in which the height changes according to the water level (see FIG. 10).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the third embodiment will be described mainly with respect to the configuration different from that of the first embodiment described above, and the same reference numerals will be given to the configurations common to the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted. .

In the third embodiment, the shelter body (1) is installed on the ground and is placed on the base (6) fixed to the ground, and the base (6) and a string-like member such as a chain or rope ( 3).
The length of the string-like member (3) is set longer than the water level of the tsunami assumed in advance. For example, when the water level of the incoming tsunami is assumed to be 10 m, the length is set to at least 10 m.
Thereby, as shown in FIG. 11, according to the water level of a tsunami, a shelter main body (1) can be floated from the position of ((alpha)) to the position of ((beta)). In addition, the shelter body (1) is prevented from being washed away by the tsunami.

The collision preventing member (2) can be erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), but is arranged in the same manner as in the second embodiment in FIG.
Also in the third embodiment, in order to prevent the drifting material from getting over the collision preventing member (2) and colliding with the shelter body (1) when the tsunami is large and the water level becomes high, the first embodiment Similarly, it is preferable to employ a structure in which the collision preventing member (2) has a height that varies depending on the water level (see FIG. 11).

FIG. 12 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the fourth embodiment will be described with a focus on the configuration different from that of the second embodiment described above, and the same reference numerals will be given to the configurations common to the second embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted. .

In the fourth embodiment, the shelter body (1) is placed on a frame (7) constructed on the ground, and is a stilt type provided at a high position from the ground. The height of the shelter body (1) from the ground is set to be higher (for example, about 10 m) than a standard tsunami water level assumed in advance.
Further, the shelter body (1) can be moved up and down along the strut (5) driven into the ground, and the height of the strut (5) is the maximum tsunami level assumed in advance (for example, about 30 m). It is set higher. The structure which can raise / lower a shelter main body (1) can employ | adopt the structure similar to 2nd embodiment.
Thereby, as shown in FIG. 12, the shelter body (1) can be levitated from the position (α) to the position (β) according to the water level of the tsunami. In addition, the shelter body (1) is prevented from being washed away by the tsunami.

The feature of the fourth embodiment is that since the shelter body (1) is provided at a high position from the ground from the beginning, safety can be ensured even if the shelter body (1) does not rise when the water level of the tsunami is low. When the water level of the tsunami is high, the shelter body (1) rises to ensure safety.
For example, when the height of the shelter body (1) from the original ground is 10 m and the height of the upper end of the support (5) from the ground is 30 m, the shelter body (1) Even if it does not rise, it is safe. If it exceeds 10 m, the shelter body (1) rises according to the water level of the tsunami.
That is, since the height of the shelter body (1) can be made to correspond to two stages of a small tsunami and a large tsunami, the safety is further improved.

The frame (7) has a support (5) standing on the ground, a beam (8) that connects the support (5) in the horizontal direction, and a connection between the support (5) and the beam (8) in an oblique direction. It consists of a breath material (9).
As the brace material (9), a vibration damper is preferably used. By using the damping damper, when the impact force or seismic force caused by the tsunami is applied to the frame (7), the force can be relaxed, so the shaking of the shelter body (1) can be reduced. Thus, safety is further improved.

The collision preventing member (2) can be erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), but is arranged in the same manner as in the second embodiment in FIG.
The height of the collision preventing member (2) is set to be higher than at least the height before the shelter body (1) is raised. However, also in the fourth embodiment, when the tsunami is large and the water level becomes high, in order to prevent the drifting object from getting over the collision preventing member (2) and colliding with the shelter body (1), As in the embodiment, it is preferable to employ a structure in which the collision preventing member (2) has a height that varies depending on the water level (see FIG. 12).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the fifth embodiment will be described with a focus on the configuration different from that of the fourth embodiment described above, and the same reference numerals will be assigned to the configurations common to the fourth embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. .

Also in the fifth embodiment, the shelter body (1) is placed on the frame (7) constructed on the ground, and is a raised floor type provided at a high position from the ground. The height of the frame (7) from the ground is set, for example, higher than a standard tsunami water level assumed in advance (for example, about 10 m).
The shelter body (1) is connected to the frame (7) by a string member (3) such as a chain or a rope.
The length of the string-like member (3) is set longer than the value obtained by subtracting the height of the frame (7) from the water level of the tsunami assumed in advance. For example, when the water level of the incoming tsunami is assumed to be 30 m and the height of the frame (7) is 10 m, the length is set to at least 20 m.
Thereby, as shown in FIG. 13, the shelter body (1) can be levitated from the position (α) to the position (β) according to the water level of the tsunami. In addition, the shelter body (1) is prevented from being washed away by the tsunami.

As in the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment is characterized in that the shelter body (1) is provided at a position higher than the ground from the beginning, so that the shelter body (1) rises when the water level of the tsunami is low. Safety can be ensured without it, and when the water level of the tsunami is high, the shelter body (1) can be raised to ensure safety.
That is, since the height of the shelter body (1) can be made to correspond to two stages of a small tsunami and a large tsunami, the safety is further improved.

  The structure of the frame (7) is the same as that of the fourth embodiment. By using a vibration damper as the brace material (9), when the impact force or seismic force due to the tsunami is applied to the frame (7), It is possible to reduce shaking of the shelter body (1), and safety is further improved.

The collision preventing member (2) can be erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), but is arranged in the same manner as in the second embodiment in FIG.
The height of the collision preventing member (2) is set to be higher than at least the height before the shelter body (1) is raised. Also, in the fifth embodiment, in order to prevent the drifting substance from getting over the collision preventing member (2) and colliding with the shelter body (1) when the tsunami is large and the water level becomes high, As in the embodiment, it is preferable to employ a structure in which the collision preventing member (2) has a height that varies depending on the water level (see FIG. 13).

  In the first, third, and fifth embodiments, a shelter is provided by attaching or storing heavy objects such as concrete and metal plates that play the role of ballast to the bottom of the shelter body (1) so long as it does not hinder floating. It is preferable to arrange the center of gravity of the main body (1) near the bottom. Thereby, even if the shelter body (1) that has floated upside down receives waves, it can return to its original direction (up and down right direction) because the bottom is heavy.

  The present invention is used as an evacuation shelter for evacuating from a tsunami generated by an earthquake.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shelter main body 2 Collision prevention member 3 String-like member 4 Float 5 Post 6 Base 7 Frame 8 Beam 9 Breath material 11 Shelter unit

Claims (10)

A shelter body capable of accommodating evacuees and floating in the water;
An anti-collision member standing on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or a part of the periphery of the shelter body, and preventing collision of drifting objects on the shelter body;
Tsunami evacuation shelter characterized by comprising   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 1, wherein the collision preventing member changes in height according to a water level. A float is attached to the collision preventing member,
The tsunami evacuation prevention shelter according to claim 2, wherein the height of the collision preventing member changes due to the floating of the float as the water level rises.   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the collision prevention member is composed of a plurality of piles driven into the ground at intervals.   5. The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of piles are arranged side by side in a substantially arc shape in plan view with the position of the shelter body or the vicinity thereof as a center.   The tsunami according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the collision preventing member is provided at least on the side where the tsunami is expected to strike and the opposite side around the shelter body. Evacuation shelter.   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the plurality of piles are connected to each other by a string-like member. The shelter main body is configured by combining a plurality of shelter units having an internal space capable of accommodating evacuees in a separable manner,
The shelter for tsunami evacuation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each shelter unit has an entrance.   The said shelter main body is connected with the said collision prevention member and the string-like member, and the length of the said string-like member is set longer than the water level of the tsunami assumed beforehand. Tsunami evacuation shelter as described in Crab.   9. The shelter body according to claim 1, wherein the shelter body can be moved up and down along a strut driven into the ground, and the height of the strut is set higher than a water level of a tsunami assumed in advance. Tsunami evacuation shelter as described in Crab.

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