JP2013214091A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

In an IPS liquid crystal display device, a sufficient storage capacity is ensured even if a pixel is reduced.
A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing plate, a second polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal layer of a second substrate. And a light source, and a first electrode and a second electrode 214 formed on the second substrate. The second electrode 214 is a collection of the lens members 223. The lens member 223 includes a condensing part electrode 229 arranged in the light region 225 and a non-condensing part electrode 230 arranged in the non-condensing region 226, and the lens member 223 is a plurality of lenses arranged in a lattice shape or a honeycomb shape. And a spacer member 209 that is formed at a position corresponding to the non-condensing region 226 and disposed at a position overlapping the non-condensing portion electrode 230 in plan view, and an alignment film.
[Selection] Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.

  In portable information devices, as the communication speed increases and the built-in memory capacity increases, larger amounts of image information and higher definition moving images tend to be handled. As a result, medium- and small-sized liquid crystal display devices that are interfaces are required to have higher image quality and an increased number of pixels. Among these, the number of pixels is increasing from the conventional QVGA (Quarter Video Gate Array) which is 240 × 320 × 3 pixels to the VGA (Video Gate Array) which is 480 × 640 × 3 pixels. Thus, when the number of pixels increases, the size of one pixel decreases. Specifically, when the number of pixels is VGA in a small and medium-sized liquid crystal display device, for example, the short side is about 25 μm and the long side is about 75 μm.

  Since the liquid crystal display device is a non-light-emitting display device, the display brightness is determined by the brightness and transmittance of the light source. At this time, when the number of pixels of the liquid crystal display device is increased, the area occupied by one pixel is reduced as described above. However, direct image display such as TFT (Thin Film Transistor), post spacer, contact hole, scanning wiring, and signal wiring is possible. The portion that does not contribute to the above cannot be refined beyond a certain level for manufacturing and functional reasons. Therefore, in order to reduce the size of the pixel, the size of the opening where the liquid crystal functions as an optical switching element has to be reduced. However, if this is done, the transmittance is reduced and the display of the liquid crystal display device becomes dark. End up.

  In order to solve such a problem, an attempt has been made to improve the transmittance by condensing light from the light source to the opening by a microlens. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a liquid crystal display device that uses a lenticular lens to collect light from a light source at openings between scanning lines. Further, cited document 2 describes an IPS (In-Plane Switching) type liquid crystal display device in which light from a light source is condensed into an opening between a pixel electrode and a counter electrode by a microlens.

JP 2003-330007 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-123296

  In the IPS liquid crystal display device, a horizontal electric field mainly including a parallel component in a liquid crystal surface is formed between a common electrode and a pixel electrode formed on the same substrate, thereby driving a liquid crystal layer. Therefore, in the IPS system, the alignment change of the liquid crystal layer accompanying application of an electric field is mainly rotated in the liquid crystal layer. In the VA (Vertically Aligned) method, the ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) method, the OCB (Optically Compensated Birefringence) method, etc., the change in the tilt angle is the change in the tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer due to the electric field application. There is little change. Thus, in the IPS system, the change in the effective value of retardation accompanying voltage application is small, and a display with excellent gradation reproducibility can be obtained in a wide viewing angle range. Therefore, the IPS system can satisfy the demand for higher image quality.

  By the way, in the IPS system, the overlapping portion of the common electrode and the pixel electrode is used as a storage capacitor. However, as the area per pixel is reduced, the storage capacitor is also reduced in proportion to this. On the other hand, since the voltage drop during the holding period is determined by the OFF characteristics of the TFT, it does not depend on the pixel area. For this reason, in an IPS liquid crystal display device, if the pixels are made small, the storage capacity per pixel is insufficient, and there is a concern that luminance gradient and flicker may occur. Here, the luminance gradient is a phenomenon in which the luminance of the screen is high at one end on the screen and low at the other end, and continuously changes between the two. Flicker is a phenomenon in which the brightness of the screen fluctuates in a short cycle and the screen appears to flicker.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to ensure a sufficient storage capacity even in the case of a small pixel in an IPS liquid crystal display device.

  Typical inventions among the inventions disclosed in the present application are listed as follows.

  (1) A first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a side of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A first polarizing plate disposed; a second polarizing plate disposed on a side of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; and a second polarizing plate disposed on a side of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A lens member; a light source disposed on the opposite side of the lens member from the second substrate; a first electrode formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; A condensing portion electrode formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer and disposed corresponding to a condensing region including a portion intersecting with the optical axis of the lens member, and intersects the optical axis of the lens member The non-condensing part is arranged corresponding to the non-condensing region not including the part, and the ratio of the electrode per area is larger than the condensing part electrode A second electrode having a pole, and the lens member has a portion functioning as a plurality of lenses arranged in a lattice shape or a honeycomb shape, and at least the first substrate and the second electrode A surface of any one of the substrates that faces the liquid crystal layer, is formed at a position corresponding to the non-condensing region, and is disposed at a position overlapping the non-condensing portion electrode in plan view. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a spacer member; and an alignment film formed on a surface of the any one substrate facing the liquid crystal layer.

  (2) The liquid crystal display device according to (1), wherein the non-condensing part electrode is a planar electrode, and the condensing part electrode is a plurality of linear electrodes arranged apart from each other.

  (3) The liquid crystal display device according to (2), wherein the plurality of linear electrodes are connected to the planar electrodes in a comb shape.

  (4) In (3), the plurality of linear electrodes have an acute angle with a connection end connected to the planar electrode so that a tip of a gap between the plurality of linear electrodes has an acute angle. A liquid crystal display device having an open end having a formed portion.

  (5) The liquid crystal display device according to (2), wherein both end portions of the plurality of linear electrodes are arranged in the non-light-collecting region.

  (6) In (2), the first electrode has a plurality of linear electrodes arranged at positions corresponding to the gaps between the plurality of linear electrodes of the light collecting portion electrode. .

  (7) In (1), the alignment treatment direction of the alignment film is orthogonal to the direction from the light collection region to the non-light collection region or the direction from the light collection region to the non-light collection region. Liquid crystal display device that is directional.

  (8) In (1), the spacer member is formed at a position corresponding to a position deviated from the center of the non-condensing region, and the alignment treatment direction of the alignment film is changed from the spacer member to the non-collecting region. A liquid crystal display device in a direction toward a position corresponding to the center of the light region.

  (9) In (1), the condensing part electrode has at least two regions having different rotation directions of liquid crystal when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal display device is arranged such that the at least two regions are the same region over a bending direction that is a direction from one end to the other end of the curved surface of the portion that functions as the lens of the lens member. .

  (10) The liquid crystal display device according to (9), wherein the at least two regions are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to an optical axis of a portion functioning as the plurality of lenses.

  According to any one of the inventions (1) to (8) disclosed in the present application, in the IPS liquid crystal display device, a sufficient storage capacity can be ensured even if the pixels are reduced, and the pixels It is possible to prevent a reduction in contrast ratio even if the value is reduced.

  In addition, according to the invention (9) or (10) disclosed in the present application as described above, in the liquid crystal display device, even if a lens member is used, a change in hue due to the viewing angle direction can be prevented.

It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing in the S1-S2 line | wire of FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between each pixel and lens member in 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically in the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer in the edge part of a condensing part electrode. It is a figure which shows the condition of the whole pixel when the dark line has appeared in the edge part of a condensing part electrode. It is a figure which shows the pretilt angle dependence of the viewing angle characteristic at the time of dark display of the IPS system liquid crystal display device. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between each pixel and lens member in 2nd embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the liquid crystal display device used as the arrangement | positioning with which the opening parts of the pixel of a different color are adjacent. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the liquid crystal display device at the time of condensing the light from a light source with respect to each pixel with a lens member. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between each pixel and lens member in 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the liquid crystal display device which divided | segmented the opening part of the pixel of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 1st embodiment into the several area | region from which the rotation direction of a liquid crystal differs. It is sectional drawing in the S3-S4 line | wire of FIG. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 5th embodiment. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 6th embodiment. It is sectional drawing in the S5-S6 line | wire of FIG. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 7th embodiment. It is the elements on larger scale which show the plane structure of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 8th embodiment.

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view showing a planar structure of a liquid crystal display device 100 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S1-S2 of FIG.

  In the liquid crystal display device 100, a liquid crystal layer 103 is sandwiched between a transparent first substrate 101 made of glass, resin, or the like and a transparent second substrate 102. On the opposite side of the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 from the liquid crystal layer 103, a first polarizing plate 104 and a second polarizing plate 105 are respectively polarized in directions orthogonal to each other and The polarizing plate 104 is disposed so that the polarization direction is orthogonal to the liquid crystal alignment direction. In the present embodiment, since the liquid crystal driving method of the liquid crystal display device 100 is the IPS method, dark display is performed when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 103. As the first polarizing plate 104 and the second polarizing plate 105, a structure in which a PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol) film dyed with an iodine dye is sandwiched between TAC (Tri Acetyl Cellulose) films can be suitably used.

  On the surface of the first substrate 101 facing the liquid crystal layer 103, a black matrix 106, a color filter layer 107, a planarizing film 108, a spacer member 109, and a first alignment film 110 are formed. The flattening film 108 is preferably an acrylic resin having excellent transparency and is used to protect the lower layer and flatten the unevenness thereof, but may be omitted if not necessary. The spacer member 109 is for keeping a gap between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 constant, and a liquid crystal material is vacuum sealed in the gap to form the liquid crystal layer 103. The first alignment film 110 is preferably a polyimide organic polymer film, and is subjected to an alignment process by a rubbing method. In the present embodiment, the first alignment film 110 is a horizontal alignment film that imparts a pretilt angle of about 1.5 degrees to adjacent liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal layer 103 exhibits substantially homogeneous alignment. The orientation processing direction 111 is a direction inclined by 5 degrees with respect to the signal wiring 112 as indicated by an arrow in FIG. At this time, the angle formed between the direction of the electric field formed between the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 described later and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 85 degrees, which is a sufficiently large value close to a right angle. Therefore, sufficient rotation of liquid crystal molecules occurs when a voltage is applied, and a large difference in transmittance is obtained between when a voltage is applied and when no voltage is applied. Note that a photo-alignment film can also be used as the first alignment film 110. In this case, the first alignment film 110 is formed not by the rubbing method but by using an alignment process based on photo-alignment, that is, a method of irradiating polarized ultraviolet light and controlling the alignment direction according to the polarization direction.

  On the surface of the second substrate 102 facing the liquid crystal layer 103, a scanning wiring 115, a signal wiring 112, a TFT 116, a first electrode 113, a second electrode 114, and a second alignment film 117 are formed. If necessary, insulating layers 118, 119, and 120 for insulating the layers are appropriately formed.

  The scanning wiring 115 and the signal wiring 112 intersect each other, and the TFTs 116 are arranged in the vicinity of the intersection corresponding to each pixel on a one-to-one basis. A potential corresponding to an image signal input to the signal wiring 112 is applied to the second electrode 114 from the TFT 116 through the contact hole 121. The operation of the TFT 116 is controlled by a scanning signal input to the scanning wiring 115. The channel portion of the TFT 116 can be preferably formed of an amorphous silicon layer, but can also be formed of a polysilicon layer having higher mobility. Further, the operation can be stabilized by covering the channel portion with the inorganic insulating film, and the parasitic capacitance can be reduced by flattening the unevenness with the organic insulating film.

  The first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 are both transparent conductive films such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) and can transmit light. The first electrode 113 is given a common potential among the pixels, while the second electrode 114 is given a potential corresponding to the image signal input to the signal wiring 112 as described above. At this time, since the second electrode 114 has a shape in which a plurality of linear electrodes are arranged apart from each other, the potential difference between the second electrode 114 and the first electrode 113 is changed between FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, an arch-shaped electric force line 122 called a fringe electric field is formed. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 rotate mainly in a plane parallel to the substrate, and the function as an optical switching element is exhibited. The name of the IPS method is derived from the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Although not shown in the drawing, the planar shape of the first electrode 113 is a planar shape covering substantially the entire pixel area. In this embodiment, a potential corresponding to an image signal is input to the second electrode 114, but the potentials input to the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 may be interchanged.

  The second alignment film 117 is the same as the first alignment film 110 described above, and the alignment direction is also the same.

  For the liquid crystal layer 103, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal material that exhibits a nematic phase in a wide temperature range including room temperature, has a positive dielectric anisotropy, and has a high resistance. When the usable temperature range is wide, it is suitable for use in mobile applications where the temperature change of the usage environment is wide. In general, a liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy has a lower viscosity than a negative liquid crystal material. Therefore, the response speed is faster than that of the latter, which is suitable for displaying moving images. is there. In addition, when a high resistance material is used, the voltage drop during the holding period in which the TFT 116 is turned off after the voltage is applied to the second electrode 114 is reduced, so that the liquid crystal transmittance during the holding period is maintained. Image display quality is improved, such as high luminance display and prevention of flicker.

  A lens member 123 is arranged on the side of the second substrate 102 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 103. In the present embodiment, the lens member 123 is arranged such that a portion that functions as a plurality of cylindrical lenses has a longitudinal direction parallel to the scanning wiring 115 and a curved direction parallel to the signal wiring 112. The Here, the bending direction is a direction from one end to the other end of the curved surface of the portion functioning as a lens. In the case of a cylindrical lens, the bending direction is a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the optical axis 128. In the case of a general rotationally symmetric circular lens, any direction is a curved direction as long as the direction is orthogonal to the optical axis. As for the term optical axis, in the case of a cylindrical lens, the optical axis is planar, but for the sake of convenience, in this specification, it will be called the optical axis regardless of whether it is linear or planar.

  The lens member 123 can be manufactured from a photoreactive transparent organic material. As an example, after the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are combined, it is applied to the surface of the second substrate 102 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 103 by a printing method. At this stage, the transparent organic material has a low molecular weight and contains a solvent, so it forms a meniscus having an arcuate surface by surface tension, not a solid. Subsequently, when the solvent is removed by evaporation, and light is irradiated to cause a low molecular weight transparent organic material to undergo a photopolymerization reaction to be polymerized and solidified, the second substrate 102 has a surface opposite to the liquid crystal layer 103. A portion that functions as a cylindrical lens closely attached to the lens is obtained. In addition, a resin material is formed into a sheet having a portion that functions as a plurality of cylindrical lenses using a molding method such as injection molding or vacuum molding, and the sheet is the liquid crystal layer 103 of the second substrate 102. It may be pasted on the opposite side.

  In the present embodiment, the second polarizing plate 105 is disposed on the outer side of the lens member 123 with respect to the second substrate 102, but this arrangement may be reversed. In the former case, the position of the lens member 123 is not easily displaced even if it receives a thermal history, and in the latter case, the second substrate 102, the second polarizing plate 105, and the lens member 123 are in close contact and are not easily peeled off.

  A light source 124 is disposed on the opposite side of the lens member 123 from the second substrate 102. The light source 124 is generally known as a backlight, and shapes light from a cold cathode tube or an LCD (Light Emitting Diode) using a diffusion plate or the like so as to function as a flat light emitter. . The light emitted from the light source 124 has many components directed in the vertical direction and is relatively strong as collimated light.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between each pixel and the lens member 123 in the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, light from the light source 124 is refracted by the lens member 123 and is condensed on the condensing region 125 indicated by hatching in the drawing on the surface of the second substrate 102 on the liquid crystal layer 103 side. On the other hand, light from the light source 124 is hardly applied to the non-condensing region 126 that is not hatched in the drawing. In the present embodiment, the condensing region 125 is a belt-like region, and the center line 127 intersects the surface of the second substrate 102 on the liquid crystal layer 103 side and the optical axis 128 of the lens member 123. Further, the end of the curved surface of the lens member 123 that functions as a cylindrical lens is positioned in the non-light-collecting region 126 (see FIG. 2).

  In such an arrangement, the TFT 116, the spacer member 109, the contact hole 121, and the scanning wiring 115 in the pixel have portions that do not directly contribute to image display in the non-condensing region 126, and openings in which the liquid crystal functions as an optical switching element. By arranging in the light condensing region 125, the substantial transmittance of the liquid crystal display device 100 is improved. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the center line 127 of the condensing region 125 is located at a position shifted from the center of the pixel toward the short side direction. This is because the portions that do not contribute directly to the image display are collected in one place. Of course, it is also possible to arrange the center line 127 of the condensing region 125 so as to pass through the center of the pixel.

  Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2 again, the second electrode 114 is formed at a position corresponding to the condensing region 125 with a condensing part electrode 129 formed as a plurality of linear electrodes arranged apart from each other. In the position corresponding to the non-condensing region 126, the non-condensing part electrode 130 is formed as a planar electrode. This is because in the non-condensing region 126, the larger the area occupied by the second electrode 114, the larger the storage capacity of the pixel.

  That is, in the IPS liquid crystal display device 100 as in the present embodiment, the overlapping portion of the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 keeps the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal layer 103 constant during the holding period. Functions as a holding capacity to keep. At this time, in the light condensing region 125 where the light transmitted through the lens member 123 gathers, the above-described fringe electric field must be formed in order for the liquid crystal layer 103 to function as an optical switching element. Therefore, the condensing part electrode 129 arrange | positioned in the position corresponding to the condensing area | region 125 becomes a some linear form arrange | positioned mutually spaced apart, and the area of the overlapping part with the 1st electrode 113 is small, and holding capacity Is also small. On the other hand, in the non-condensing region 126, the liquid crystal layer 103 is not exposed to light and does not function as an optical switching element. Therefore, the shape of the non-condensing part electrode 130 is not particularly limited. For this reason, the non-condensing portion electrode 130 is formed in a shape in which the area of the overlapping portion with the first electrode 113 is as large as possible, in this case, in a planar shape, thereby obtaining a large storage capacity. In the present embodiment, the condensing unit electrodes 129 are arranged in a plurality of linear and non-condensing unit electrodes 130 that are spaced apart from each other. However, the present invention is not limited to this. 129 has an arbitrary shape capable of forming a fringe electric field, and the non-condensing portion electrode 130 may have a shape with a large area of the overlapping portion with the first electrode 113, so that the condensing per area is eventually obtained. It suffices that the ratio occupied by the non-condensing part electrode 130 per area is larger than the ratio occupied by the partial electrode 129.

  Note that the storage capacitor is proportional to the area of the overlapping portion of the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 and inversely proportional to the thickness of the insulating layer 120 between the two electrodes. It is also conceivable to reduce the thickness of the layer 120. However, since the first electrode 113 is ITO and does not have the property of reducing the unevenness of the lower layer, and unevenness is likely to occur on the surface thereof, if the thickness of the insulating layer 120 is reduced, the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 113 Short circuit with the electrode 114 is likely to occur. Since no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 103 in the pixel in which the short circuit has occurred, the display always remains dark, resulting in a point defect. Therefore, there is a limit to increase in storage capacity by reducing the thickness of the insulating layer 120. According to the applicant's experiment, when the thickness of the insulating layer 120 is reduced to 0.15 μm, the visibility of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 100 is significantly reduced due to point defects.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the condensing part electrode 129 is connected to the non-condensing part electrode 130 in a comb-teeth shape, and both ends thereof are not a simple rectangle. It has a triangular shape. This has a function of suppressing the occurrence of abnormal alignment of liquid crystals when a pressure is applied to the liquid crystal display device 100 from the outside.

  In other words, at both ends of the condensing part electrode 129, reverse twisted alignment in which the liquid crystal rotation direction is opposite to the normal part may occur when a voltage is applied. The alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 103 at the end of the condensing part electrode 129 at this time is schematically shown in FIG. 4A and 4B show the root and tip of the condensing part electrode 129, respectively, and the normal orientation part 131 and the counter-twist orientation part 132 are distributed with the same period as the repetition period of the comb-like structure. Since the liquid crystal layer 103 shows a behavior similar to a continuum when focusing on the orientation direction, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer 103 continuously changes between the reverse twist orientation and the normal orientation, and the orientation is between the two. There is an orientation 133 whose direction is intermediate between the reverse twisted orientation and the normal orientation. At this time, in the intermediate alignment 133, the liquid crystal layer 103 is not twisted in the reverse direction or the normal direction, that is, the alignment direction is almost the same as when no voltage is applied. , Causing a decrease in transmittance. The U-shaped thick line shown in the figure is the dark line 134 described above. Each dark line 134 is distributed so as to connect the center of the electrode in the comb-like structure and the center of the gap between the electrodes.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 9A, at the connection end that is the base of the comb-like structure of the light collecting portion electrode 129, the light is not condensed so that the tip of the gap between the linear electrodes has an acute angle. As shown in FIG. 4B, when the portion protruding to the triangle formed at an acute angle is provided at the open end, which is the tip of the comb-like structure of the light collecting portion electrode 129, as shown in FIG. The dark line 134 appears at the position shown in the figure, and even if the liquid crystal display device 100 is deformed by an external pressing force, the position hardly moves, so that a decrease in screen brightness due to abnormal alignment of liquid crystal can be suppressed.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the state of the entire pixel when the dark line 134 appears at the end of the condensing unit electrode 129. In the present embodiment, as shown in the figure, both end portions of the light collecting portion electrode 129 where the dark line 134 appears are arranged in the non-light collecting region 126. At this time, as described above, since the dark line 134 hardly moves depending on the external pressing force, the dark line 134 does not reach the condensing region 125, and there is little decrease in screen luminance due to abnormal alignment of the liquid crystal. A high liquid crystal display device 100 is obtained.

  Of course, the shape of the condensing part electrode 129 demonstrated above is not essential, and the both ends may be made into a simple rectangle. However, if the position where the dark line 134 can appear is fixed and the range can be reduced, there is an advantage that the areas of the condensing region 125 and the non-condensing part electrode 130 can be increased.

  Please refer to FIGS. 1 and 2 again. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the spacer member 109 formed on the first substrate 101 is further formed with a first alignment film 110 on the spacer member 109. An alignment process is performed in an alignment process direction 111 indicated by an arrow. The rubbing method is a processing method in which the rubbing direction is physically rubbed with a rubbing cloth wound on a drum roller, and the rubbing direction is changed to the liquid crystal alignment direction on the alignment film. At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, in the rubbing direction of the rubbing cloth, that is, the region behind the spacer member 109 in the alignment treatment direction, the spacer member 109 has a convex shape. And the non-alignment region 135 is not sufficiently rubbed and the alignment treatment is not sufficiently performed. Similarly, the surface around the spacer member 109 cannot be subjected to the alignment treatment. Therefore, in the region around the spacer member 109 and the non-alignment region 135, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer 103 is indefinite, and in this region, the liquid crystal cannot sufficiently function as an optical switching element. Therefore, if the spacer member 109 or the non-orientation region 135 is disposed in the light collection region 125, light leakage occurs and the contrast ratio of the screen display is lowered.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the spacer member 109 is formed at a position corresponding to the non-light-collecting region 126. In this way, the area around the spacer member 109 does not cover the light collection area 125. In the present embodiment, the orientation processing direction is the direction from the condensing region 125 toward the non-condensing region 126. In this case, since the non-oriented region 135 is formed at a position behind the spacer member 109 when viewed from the light collecting region 125, the non-oriented region 135 does not cover the light collecting region 125, and the contrast ratio due to light leakage is increased. Can be suppressed.

  Further, since the contact hole 121 formed on the second substrate 102 has a concave shape, the surface inside the contact hole 121 cannot be subjected to the alignment treatment. For this reason, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer 103 becomes indefinite even in the region immediately above and around the contact hole 121, and there is a risk of light leakage.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the contact hole 121 is also formed at a position corresponding to the non-light-condensing region 126 to suppress a reduction in contrast ratio due to light leakage.

  The orientation processing direction by the rubbing method can be verified as follows.

  First, when the alignment of the liquid crystal layer is homogeneous, the comparison is made by sandwiching the liquid crystal panel between a pair of polarizing plates whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, and determining the angle at which the transmittance is minimized while changing the azimuth angle. It is possible to know the orientation processing direction easily. When the transmittance is minimized, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer is parallel to one of the absorption axes of the pair of polarizing plates. Here, the liquid crystal panel refers to a panel composed of a first substrate holding a liquid crystal layer and a second substrate.

  Second, the orientation processing direction can be known from the pretilt angle. That is, the pretilt angle rises so as to be parallel to the rubbing direction of the rubbing cloth as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate. The pretilt angle can be found by observing the viewing angle characteristics during dark display. The polarization directions of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate sandwiching the liquid crystal panel are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other when observed from the normal direction, thereby reducing the transmittance in dark display. However, when observed from an oblique direction, T.W. Ishinab, T .; Miyashita, T .; Uchda, Y. et al. As described in Fujimura's non-patent document Asia Display / IDW'01 Proceedings 485-488, the angle between the polarization directions of the two polarizing plates apparently changes with the viewing angle, so that the transmittance increases. In particular, the increase in transmittance is significant in the azimuth angle direction of 45 degrees with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate. That is, in the viewing angle characteristic of the dark display transmittance, the high transmittance region and the low transmittance region are distributed at 90 degree intervals as azimuth angles. FIG. 6 shows the pretilt angle dependency of the viewing angle characteristics during dark display of the IPS liquid crystal display device. The transmittance shown in the figure is assumed to be higher in the order of a one-dot chain line, a solid line, a broken line, and a dotted line. In the figure, the liquid crystal layer is homogeneously aligned, and the azimuth angle of the alignment direction is 0 degree. In addition, italic letters indicate polar angles and true letters indicate azimuth angles. When the pretilt angle is 0 degree, the viewing angle characteristics at the time of dark display are symmetric as shown in FIG. 5C, but when the pretilt angle is not 0 degree, the view angles shown in FIGS. Becomes asymmetric. At this time, the direction in which the transmittance becomes larger is the direction in which the pretilt angle rises, and FIGS. 9A and 9B show the cases where the pretilt angle is positive and negative, respectively. In order to reduce the transmissivity in the viewing angle direction during dark display, a phase plate may be laminated between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal panel as described in the non-patent document, but the transmission shown in FIG. The trend of rate distribution is maintained.

  In the present embodiment, the spacer member 109 is formed on the first substrate 101. Alternatively, the spacer member 109 may be formed on the second substrate 102, or the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 101 may be formed. It may be formed on both of the substrates 102 and attached to each other.

  In this embodiment, the lens member 123 has a shape having a portion that functions as a plurality of cylindrical lenses. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a portion that functions as a lens may be provided independently for each pixel. In this case, in the lens member 123, portions functioning as a circular or elliptical lens are arranged in a lattice shape. Furthermore, the shape of the part functioning as each lens does not need to have a single curved surface, and the curved surface may be divided and arranged, for example, like a Fresnel lens. In this case, since the thickness of the lens member 123 can be reduced, the thickness of the entire liquid crystal display device 100 can be reduced.

  Since the liquid crystal display device 100 having the pixels in the lattice arrangement as in the present embodiment has a feature of high resolution in the vertical and horizontal directions, it can be used for a personal computer that frequently uses window display, a monitor of a portable information terminal, and the like. Is suitable.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the planar shape of the second electrode 214, the arrangement of the spacer member 209, the shape of the lens member 223, and the like are different.

  FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view showing a planar structure of the liquid crystal display device 200 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a view showing the relationship between each pixel and the lens member 223 in this embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the adjacent electrodes are arranged so that the pattern orientation of the second electrode 214 is reversed, so that the condensing unit electrode 229 and the non-condensing unit The electrodes 230 are staggered so as not to be adjacent. The lens member 223 has a configuration in which portions functioning as a plurality of lenses are arranged in a honeycomb shape. Referring to FIG. 8, it can be seen that the optical axis 228 of the lens member 223 functioning as a plurality of lenses is disposed so as to pass substantially through the center of the light collector electrode 229.

  With such an arrangement, color mixing at the pixel boundary can be suppressed. This will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a liquid crystal display device in which openings of pixels of different colors are arranged adjacent to each other. In such an arrangement, as indicated by an arrow in the figure, light that obliquely passes through the end of a certain pixel (pixel shown on the left side in the figure) is adjacent (pixel shown on the right side in the figure). It may be visible from the surface through the color filter layer 7 of the pixel. The state shown in the figure is a state in which the pixel shown on the left side in the figure is in a lighting state and the pixel shown on the right side in the figure is in a non-lighting state. Since part of the light appears to pass, the hue changes and is observed. Such a phenomenon is likely to occur when light shielding means such as the signal wiring 12 and the black matrix 6 are thinned at the pixel boundary due to high definition. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5B, it easily occurs when there is a deviation in the vertical arrangement of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a liquid crystal display device when light from a light source is condensed on individual pixels by a lens member as in the present embodiment. In this case, since the light passes through the liquid crystal display device as indicated by an arrow in the figure, an optical path that obliquely passes through the pixel end causing color mixing as shown in FIG. 12 and the black matrix 6 can be thinned, and a wide margin can be secured for the vertical displacement of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, since the condensing region 225 which is the opening of the pixel is not adjacent between adjacent pixels, the above-described color mixing problem hardly occurs.

  In addition, the shape of the part which functions as a lens of the lens member 223 in this embodiment is not restricted to hexagonal shape, A circular shape may be sufficient. In this case, since the circular shape is a planar shape that can be naturally formed when a liquid object is dropped, the lens member 223 can be produced by the inkjet method in addition to the printing method and the molding method described above.

  Returning to FIG. 7, in the present embodiment, the orientation processing direction 211 is the direction indicated by the arrow. At this time, as shown in the figure, the spacer member 209 is disposed at a position corresponding to a position deviated from the center of the non-light-condensing region 226 in the pixel. In this case, the center position of the non-condensing region 226 is the position indicated by X in the figure, and the spacer member 209 is disposed at a position that is biased downward from the position X in the figure. When the spacer member 209 is arranged in this way and the orientation processing direction 211 is the direction of the arrow that is the direction from the position where the spacer member 209 is placed to the position X, the non-oriented region 235 is not collected. Since it is located in the light region 226, a decrease in contrast ratio due to light leakage can be suppressed as described in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the spacer member 209 is disposed for each pixel. However, if not necessary, for example, one spacer member 209 may be disposed for every two pixels.

[Third embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is also the same as the first embodiment except that the planar shape of the second electrode 314, the arrangement of the spacer member 309, the shape of the lens member 323, and the like are different.

  FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged view showing a planar structure of the liquid crystal display device 300 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a view showing the relationship between each pixel and the lens member 323 in this embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the condensing part electrode 329 and the non-condensing part electrode 330 of the second electrode 314 are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction substantially orthogonal to the alignment processing direction 311. Has been. The arrangement of the pixels is a so-called delta arrangement in which the positions of the pixels in each column are shifted by half a pixel. As in the second embodiment, the lens member 323 has a configuration in which portions that function as a plurality of lenses are arranged in a honeycomb shape. The relationship between each pixel and the lens member 323 at this time is as shown in FIG.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the spacer member 309 is disposed in the non-condensing region 326, and the orientation processing direction 311 is a direction orthogonal to the direction from the condensing region 325 toward the non-condensing region 326. Even in this case, as shown in FIG. 11, the non-orientation region 335 can be positioned in the non-condensing region 326, and the same effect as the second embodiment can be obtained.

  Since the liquid crystal display device 300 having pixels in the delta arrangement as in the present embodiment is less dependent on the azimuth angle of the resolution, it is suitable for displaying natural images such as photographs. It is suitably used for a liquid crystal display device.

[Fourth embodiment]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the shape of the condensing part electrode 429 is different.

  The IPS liquid crystal display device has a feature that the viewing angle is wide. However, when the rotation direction of the liquid crystal during voltage application is only one direction, the screen may be colored yellow or light blue depending on the azimuth angle. There is a problem of being visible. Therefore, it is known to prevent the coloring of the screen by refracting the shape of the second electrode into a U-shape and dividing the opening of one pixel into a plurality of regions having different liquid crystal rotation directions. .

  FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device 100 ′ in which such division is applied to the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the first embodiment. In this case, in the first region 136 ′ in the upper half of the light collecting portion electrode 129 ′ in the drawing, the extending direction of the linear electrode is 85 degrees with respect to the scanning wiring 115 ′, and the second region 137 in the lower half. In ', the extending direction of the linear electrodes is 95 degrees with respect to the scanning wiring 115'. A broken line 138 ′ is a boundary line between the first region 136 ′ and the second region 137 ′ and is located on the refracting portion of the second electrode 114 ′. Since the orientation processing direction 111 'is 90 degrees with respect to the scanning wiring 115' as shown in the figure, the rotation directions of the liquid crystal orientation directions at the time of voltage application are different in these two regions. That is, the first region 136 'is counterclockwise, and the second region 137' is clockwise. As a result, the liquid crystal alignment states at the time of voltage application in the respective regions are different from each other as indicated by reference numerals 139 'and 140' in FIG.

  Each region has an azimuth direction in which the bright display shows yellow coloring and an azimuth direction in which light blue coloring shows, but the liquid crystal alignment state at the time of voltage application is different from each other, so that the azimuth showing one yellow coloring The direction and the azimuth direction indicating the other light blue color are substantially overlapped. At this time, since complementary colors are observed at the same time, the colors are offset by additive color mixing. In this way, when the liquid crystal display device 100 'is viewed from the left-right direction in the figure, the coloring of the screen due to the azimuth angle is prevented as described above. However, when the liquid crystal display device 100 ′ is viewed from above and below, the coloring of the screen cannot always be prevented.

  This is because the liquid crystal display device 100 ′ uses the lens member 123 ′, and therefore, due to the light condensing action, the angle distribution of the light source light in each part in the light condensing region 125 ′ is not uniform and is biased by each part. It is. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S3-S4 in FIG. In the figure, when the liquid crystal display device 100 ′ is viewed from above, only the light that has passed through the first region 136 ′ is mainly visible, and when the liquid crystal display device 100 ′ is viewed from below. It can be seen that only the light that has mainly passed through the second region 137 ′ is visible. In this case, coloring cannot be canceled out by additive color mixing of complementary colors, and the screen appears to be colored.

  Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device 400 according to the present embodiment, the first region 436 and the second region 437 are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the portion that functions as the cylindrical lens of the lens member 423, as shown in FIG. To place. That is, the condensing part electrode 429 is divided into a first region 436 that is the left half and a second region 437 that is the right half in the drawing, and the extending directions of the linear electrodes are different from each other. It was. Again, in the first region 436, the extending direction of the linear electrode is 85 degrees with respect to the scanning wiring 415, and in the second area 437, the extending direction of the linear electrode is 95 degrees with respect to the scanning wiring 415. is there.

  In this case, since the cylindrical lens does not have a refractive action in the longitudinal direction, there is no difference in the angular distribution of the light source light passing through the first region 436 and the second region 437, and from which direction the liquid crystal display device 400 Even if it sees, coloring can be canceled by the additive color mixture of complementary colors, and coloring does not arise.

  When this is examined in more detail, the shape of the condensing portion electrode 429 extends in the bending direction of the portion functioning as the lens of the lens member 423, and the first region 436 and the second region so that the rotation direction of the liquid crystal is the same. It can be seen that the region 437 may be formed so as to be disposed. That is, in FIG. 14, the bending direction is the left-right direction in the figure, and it can be seen that the angular distribution of the light source light is nonuniform along the bending direction. This means that if the rotation direction of the liquid crystal is the same along the bending direction, the screen will not be colored due to the non-uniform angular distribution of the light source light. .

  Note that the size ratio between the first region 436 and the second region 437 is not necessarily 1: 1, and may be set as appropriate so that the coloring can be offset. Further, the boundary line 438 between the two regions does not necessarily have to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the portion functioning as the cylindrical lens, and may have a slight inclination or bend.

[Fifth embodiment]
In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device 500 using a lens member 523 having portions functioning as a plurality of lenses arranged in a honeycomb shape, coloring due to an azimuth angle is prevented. This embodiment is the same as the second embodiment except that the shape of the condensing part electrode 529 is different.

  As can be seen from FIG. 16, in the present embodiment, the condensing unit electrode 529 is divided into four regions by a boundary line 538 orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens member 523. Here, the first region 536 and the third region 541, the second region 537 and the fourth region 542 have the same rotation direction of the liquid crystal when a voltage is applied.

  In this case, the bending direction of the portion functioning as the lens of the lens member 423 is all directions orthogonal to the optical axis. In this embodiment, the rotation direction of the liquid crystal when applying a voltage is the same along any bending direction. For this reason, even when the liquid crystal display device 500 is viewed from any orientation, the coloring can be offset by the additive color mixture of complementary colors, and the coloring does not occur.

  That is, when the portions of the lens member 523 that function as a plurality of lenses are arranged in a honeycomb shape, if the plurality of regions are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to the optical axis, the coloring of the screen is It does not happen.

  In the present embodiment, the condensing region is divided into the first to fourth regions. However, the condensing region may be further subdivided into, for example, eight. However, since the liquid crystal molecules do not rotate on the boundary line of each region, it becomes a dark line. Therefore, it should be noted that the luminance of the screen decreases as the ratio of the boundary line increases.

  In this embodiment, the boundary line 538 is two straight lines that are orthogonal to each other parallel to the signal wiring 512 and the scanning wiring 515. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the arrangement angle of the boundary line 538 can be set arbitrarily. it can. Furthermore, the arrangement of the portions functioning as a plurality of lenses of the lens member 523 is not limited to the honeycomb shape, but may be a lattice shape.

[Sixth embodiment]
In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the first electrode 613 in the first embodiment is changed.

  That is, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the first electrode 613 in the light condensing region 625 corresponds to the gap between the plurality of linear electrodes of the light converging portion electrode 629 when viewed from the normal direction of the liquid crystal display device 600. In this position, a plurality of linear electrodes are arranged. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S5-S6 in FIG.

  In this case, the electric lines of force 622 are formed in an arch shape so as to connect adjacent linear first electrodes 613 and linear second electrodes 614 as indicated by broken lines in FIG. In addition, since this protrudes and distributes in the liquid crystal layer 603, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 603 can be controlled. The electric lines of force 622 formed in the liquid crystal display device 600 of this embodiment are characterized in that there are more transverse electric field components parallel to the substrate plane than the liquid crystal display device 100 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer 603 generated when a voltage is applied is small, and a display with more excellent viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  Also in this embodiment, since the shape of the first electrode 613 in the non-condensing region 626 is flat, a storage capacitor is formed between the non-condensing portion electrode 630 of the second electrode 614. Yes. On the other hand, in the light condensing region 625, the storage capacity is reduced by the amount of the overlap between the first electrode 613 and the second electrode 614. That is, according to the present embodiment, when a sufficient storage capacity without flicker or luminance gradient can be secured in the non-light-collecting region 626, the liquid crystal display device 600 with excellent visual characteristics can be obtained.

  Based on the first embodiment described above, the liquid crystal display device 100 was manufactured.

  A borosilicate glass having a thickness of about 0.4 mm was used for the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, and both the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 were ITO having a thickness of 80 nm. The insulating layer 120 that separates the first electrode 113 and the second electrode 114 was silicon nitride (SiN), and the thickness thereof was 300 nm.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the spacer member 109 is a rotary body having a trapezoidal cross section, and is formed on the first substrate 101 side. The base has a diameter of about 10 μm.

  Further, in the non-condensing region 126, the distance between the non-condensing part electrodes 130 between adjacent pixels is made to be close to the width of the gap between the comb-like electrode parts in the condensing part electrode 129. That is, since the non-condensing region 126 does not contribute to display, the second electrode 114 may be enlarged without considering the influence of color mixing or the like.

  The number of pixels was 480 × 640 × 3 pixels by VGA, and the size of one pixel was 25 μm on the short side and 75 μm on the long side.

  When a peripheral circuit such as a driver circuit was connected to the liquid crystal display device 100 thus created and an image signal was input to display an image, a good display free from flicker and luminance gradient could be obtained.

[Seventh embodiment]
FIG. 19 shows a seventh embodiment of the liquid crystal display device 1000 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the non-condensing part electrode 1030 is not flat and has the same shape as the condensing part electrode 1029.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the spacer member 1009 is formed at a position corresponding to the non-condensing region 1026 and the orientation processing direction 1011 is directed from the condensing region 1025 to the non-condensing region 1026. The direction. In this case, since the region around the spacer member 1009 and the non-orientation region 1035 do not cover the light collection region 1025, a decrease in contrast ratio due to light leakage can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the shape of the second electrode 1014 is such that the proportion of the electrode per area in the non-condensing region 1026 is larger than the proportion of the electrode per area in the condensing region 1025. It is available when it is not necessary to. Of course, the arrangement of the spacer member 1009 and the orientation processing direction 1011 in this embodiment can be the same as those in the second embodiment and the third embodiment.

[Eighth embodiment]
FIG. 20 is an eighth embodiment showing a liquid crystal display device 1100 having the same shape as the condensing part electrode 1129 without making the non-condensing part electrode 1130 planar, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  Also in this embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, the first region 1136 and the second region 1137 are arranged so as to be adjacent to the longitudinal direction of the portion of the lens member 1123 that functions as the cylindrical lens. Even when the liquid crystal display device 1100 is viewed from above, coloring can be offset by additive color mixture of complementary colors, and coloring does not occur.

  In the present embodiment, the shape of the second electrode is such that the proportion of the electrode per area in the non-condensing region 1126 is larger than the proportion of the electrode per area in the condensing region 1125. It is available when there is no need to do. Needless to say, the lens member 1123 according to the present embodiment can be arranged in a honeycomb or lattice form so that the condensing region 1125 can be divided as in the fifth embodiment.

  100,100 ′, 200,300,400,500,600,1000,1100 liquid crystal display device, 1,101 first substrate, 2,102 second substrate, 103,603 liquid crystal layer, 104 first polarizing plate , 105 Second polarizing plate, 6, 106 Black matrix, 7, 107 Color filter layer, 108 Planarizing film, 109, 209, 309, 1009 Spacer member, 110 First alignment film, 111, 111 ′, 211, 311, 1011 orientation processing direction, 12, 112, 512 signal wiring, 113, 613 first electrode, 114, 114 ′, 214, 314, 614, 1014 second electrode, 115, 115 ′, 415, 515 scanning wiring 116 TFT, 117 second alignment film, 118, 119, 120 insulating layer, 121 contact hole, 122,622 lines of electric force, 123, 123 ′, 223, 323, 423, 523, 1123 lens members, 124 light sources, 125, 125 ′, 225, 325, 625, 1025, 1125 condensing regions, 126, 226, 326 , 626, 1026, 1126 Non-condensing region, 127 center line, 128,228 optical axis, 129,129 ′, 229,329,429,529,629,1029,1129 Condensing part electrode, 130,330,630, 1030, 1130 Non-condensing part electrode, 131 Normal orientation part, 132 Reverse twisted orientation part, 133 Intermediate orientation, 134 Dark line, 135, 235, 335, 1035 Non-orientation region, 136 ′, 436, 536, 1136 First Region 137 ′, 437, 537, 1137 Second region, 138 ′, 438, 538 Boundary lines, 139 ', 140' liquid crystal alignment state, 541 third region, 542 fourth region.

Claims (10)

A first substrate;
A second substrate;
A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A first polarizing plate disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate;
A second polarizing plate disposed on the opposite side of the second substrate from the liquid crystal layer;
A lens member disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer of the second substrate;
A light source disposed on the opposite side of the lens member from the second substrate;
A first electrode formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer;
Formed on the surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer;
A condensing portion electrode disposed corresponding to a condensing region including a portion intersecting with the optical axis of the lens member;
A second non-condensing part electrode disposed corresponding to a non-condensing region not including a portion intersecting with the optical axis of the lens member, and a ratio of the electrode per area larger than the condensing part electrode. An electrode, and
The lens member has a portion that functions as a plurality of lenses arranged in a lattice shape or a honeycomb shape,
At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is a surface facing the liquid crystal layer and formed at a position corresponding to the non-condensing region, and the non-collecting in a plan view. A spacer member disposed at a position overlapping the optical part electrode;
An alignment film formed on a surface of the any one substrate facing the liquid crystal layer;
A liquid crystal display device. The non-condensing part electrode is a planar electrode,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the condensing part electrodes are a plurality of linear electrodes arranged apart from each other.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of linear electrodes are connected to the planar electrode in a comb shape. The plurality of linear electrodes are:
A connection end connected to the planar electrode such that a tip of a gap between the plurality of linear electrodes has an acute angle;
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, further comprising a release end having a portion formed at an acute angle.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein both end portions of the plurality of linear electrodes are arranged in the non-condensing region.   3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the first electrode has a plurality of linear electrodes arranged at positions corresponding to gaps between the plurality of linear electrodes of the light collecting portion electrode. The alignment treatment direction of the alignment film is
A direction from the light collection region to the non-light collection region, or
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is in a direction orthogonal to a direction from the light collection region to the non-light collection region. The spacer member is formed at a position corresponding to a position deviated from the center of the non-condensing region,
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an alignment processing direction of the alignment film is a direction from the spacer member toward a position corresponding to a center of the non-light-collecting region. The condensing part electrode has at least two regions having different rotation directions of liquid crystal when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode,
2. The at least two regions are arranged so as to be the same region over a bending direction that is a direction from one end to the other end of a curved surface of a portion that functions as a lens of the lens member. Liquid crystal display device.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the at least two regions are arranged so as to be point-symmetric with respect to an optical axis of a portion functioning as the plurality of lenses.

Images