JP2013202032A - Method of evaluating sterilizing device, and method of evaluating sterilizing method - Google Patents
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- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000985553 Penicillium citreonigrum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000223254 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【課題】所定の滅菌方法/滅菌装置により、様々な滅菌処理を施した後の複数の試料の判定を同一条件で容易に行うことができ、かつ菌糸を伸ばす真菌類などの判定も容易に行うことができる滅菌装置及び滅菌方法の評価方法を提供する。
【解決手段】プレート1内にてマトリックス状に配置された凹状の試料収納部2内に、滅菌装置/滅菌方法により滅菌処理した試料である菌株3を、種類及び濃度別に収納した後、各試料収納部2内に収納された試料の表面を寒天培養地4で封止し、その後、該試料収納部2内の試料を所定時間、培養して該試料に含まれる菌数を検出することにより、当該滅菌装置/滅菌方法の性能を評価する。
【選択図】図2[PROBLEMS] To easily determine a plurality of samples after performing various sterilization treatments under the same conditions by a predetermined sterilization method / sterilization apparatus, and also easily determine fungi that extend mycelia. A sterilization apparatus and a method for evaluating a sterilization method are provided.
A strain 3 which is a sample sterilized by a sterilization apparatus / sterilization method is stored in a concave sample storage portion 2 arranged in a matrix in a plate 1 according to type and concentration, and then each sample is stored. By sealing the surface of the sample stored in the storage unit 2 with the agar culture place 4, and then culturing the sample in the sample storage unit 2 for a predetermined time to detect the number of bacteria contained in the sample Evaluate the performance of the sterilizer / sterilization method.
[Selection] Figure 2
Description
本発明は、所定の滅菌方法/滅菌装置により、様々な滅菌処理を施した後の複数の試料の判定を容易に行うことができる滅菌装置及び滅菌方法の評価方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a sterilization apparatus and a sterilization method evaluation method that can easily determine a plurality of samples after various sterilization processes are performed using a predetermined sterilization method / sterilization apparatus.
一般的な滅菌技術は、主に医療用器具の滅菌や、食品等の製造工程における製造機器、配管などの滅菌に適用されており、その際、蒸気滅菌を行うオートクレープなどの装置や、次亜塩素酸などの反応性の高い薬品が用いられてきた。 General sterilization techniques are mainly applied to sterilization of medical equipment, sterilization of manufacturing equipment and piping in the manufacturing process of foods, etc. At that time, equipment such as autoclave that performs steam sterilization, Reactive chemicals such as chlorous acid have been used.
一方、近年では医薬品の製造過程でのクリーンルームの滅菌や、空気感染防止のための医療設備の滅菌の必要性が増しているが、既存のバイオロジカルインジケータ(BI)は必ずしも空間評価に適しているとは言えない。
空間の滅菌技術を評価する際には、現在の手法として市販のバイオロジカルインジケータ(BI)や、自作した「濾紙に胞子数を調整した液を塗布したもの」を曝露して培地上に載せる、又は平板培地上に胞子液を塗布した後、培地ごと曝露させるといった方式が用いられている(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。
On the other hand, in recent years, the need for sterilization of clean rooms and sterilization of medical equipment for the prevention of air infection in the manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals has increased, but existing biological indicators (BI) are not necessarily suitable for space evaluation. It can not be said.
When evaluating the sterilization technology of the space, as a current technique, a commercially available biological indicator (BI) or "made by applying a solution that adjusts the number of spores to a filter paper" is placed on the medium. Alternatively, a method of applying the spore solution on a flat plate medium and then exposing the whole medium is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、現在市販のBIは要求性能が厳しいために高コストである上に、主としてオートクレープなどの滅菌器の性能を確認するために、アンプルや包装紙によって胞子全体が覆われており、胞子に対する直接的な影響を見ることが難しい。
また、胞子を塗布した培地ごとに個々に曝露させる方式では、手間が掛かるとともに、豊富な栄養や水分の影響が無視できず、また、長時間曝露などをする際には培地の乾固が起きてしまうために、その後の培養の段階にて乾燥の影響が問題となり、正確な判定ができないとの問題も発生する。
また、真菌類のかびなどは、菌糸を伸ばす性質があり、しかも菌糸が広がる範囲を予測し難いため寒天培地上での正確な生存数を計数することが難しいなど、かびに対する滅菌の判定が難しく、さらに特定の環境で実際に判定対象とする複数のかび、細菌などの滅菌度を簡易に判定することができないために、この点において改善されることが期待されていた。
However, currently commercially available BI is costly due to strict requirements, and the entire spores are covered with ampoules and wrapping paper mainly to check the performance of sterilizers such as autoclaves. It is difficult to see direct effects.
In addition, the method of exposing each spore-coated medium individually takes time, and the effects of abundant nutrition and moisture cannot be ignored. Therefore, the influence of drying becomes a problem in the subsequent culture stage, and there is a problem that accurate determination cannot be made.
In addition, fungi such as fungi have the property of extending mycelia, and it is difficult to predict the extent of mycelia, so it is difficult to accurately count the number of survivors on an agar medium. Furthermore, since the degree of sterilization of a plurality of fungi and bacteria that are actually determined in a specific environment cannot be easily determined, it has been expected to be improved in this respect.
この発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、所定の滅菌方法/滅菌装置により、様々な滅菌処理を施した後の複数の試料の判定を同一条件で容易に行うことができ、かつ菌糸を伸ばす真菌類などの判定も容易に行うことができる滅菌装置及び滅菌方法の評価方法を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and a plurality of samples after various sterilization treatments can be easily determined under the same conditions by a predetermined sterilization method / sterilization apparatus. The present invention also provides a sterilization apparatus and a method for evaluating a sterilization method that can easily determine fungi that extend mycelia.
上記課題を解決するために、この発明は以下の手段を提案している。
本発明の滅菌装置の評価方法では、プレート内にてマトリックス状に配置された複数の凹状の試料収納部内に、滅菌装置により滅菌処理した試料を菌の種類及び濃度別に収納した後、各試料収納部内に収納された試料の表面を寒天培養地で封止し、その後、該試料収納部内の試料を所定時間、培養して該試料に含まれる菌数を検出することにより、当該滅菌装置の性能を評価することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means.
In the method for evaluating a sterilizer according to the present invention, samples sterilized by a sterilizer are stored for each type and concentration of bacteria in a plurality of concave sample storage units arranged in a matrix in a plate, and each sample is stored. The surface of the sample stored in the unit is sealed with an agar culture, and then the sample in the sample storage unit is cultured for a predetermined time to detect the number of bacteria contained in the sample. It is characterized by evaluating.
また、滅菌方法の評価方法では、プレート内にてマトリックス状に配置された複数の凹状の試料収納部内に、既定の滅菌方法により滅菌処理した試料を菌の種類及び濃度別に収納した後、各試料収納部内に収納された試料の表面を寒天培養地で封止し、その後、該試料収納部内の試料を所定時間、培養して該試料に含まれる菌数を検出することにより、当該滅菌方法の性能を評価することを特徴とする。 In the sterilization method evaluation method, samples sterilized by a predetermined sterilization method are stored according to the type and concentration of bacteria in a plurality of concave sample storage units arranged in a matrix in the plate, and then each sample is stored. The surface of the sample stored in the storage unit is sealed with an agar culture, and then the sample in the sample storage unit is cultured for a predetermined time to detect the number of bacteria contained in the sample. It is characterized by evaluating performance.
本発明によれば、プレート内にてマトリックス状に配置された凹状の試料収納部内に、滅菌装置/滅菌方法により滅菌処理した試料を菌の種類及び濃度別に収納した後、各試料収納部内に収納された試料の表面を寒天培養地で封止し、その後、該試料収納部内の試料を所定時間、培養して該試料に含まれる菌数を検出することにより、当該滅菌装置/滅菌方法の性能を評価するようにした。
このとき、マトリックス状に密集配置された複数の凹状の試料収納部を有するプレートを使用し、これら試料収納部内に、滅菌装置により滅菌処理した試料を菌の種類及び濃度別に収納したので、該滅菌装置により滅菌処理を施した後の複数の試料における真菌類の成長状況の判定を容易に行うことができ、その結果に基づき当該滅菌装置/滅菌方法の性能を能率的に評価することができる。
According to the present invention, samples sterilized by a sterilizer / sterilization method are stored according to the type and concentration of bacteria in a concave sample storage unit arranged in a matrix in a plate, and then stored in each sample storage unit. The surface of the prepared sample is sealed in an agar culture area, and then the sample in the sample storage unit is cultured for a predetermined time, and the number of bacteria contained in the sample is detected. Was evaluated.
At this time, a plate having a plurality of concave sample storage portions arranged in a matrix is used, and the samples sterilized by the sterilizer are stored in these sample storage portions according to the type and concentration of the bacteria. The growth status of fungi in a plurality of samples after being sterilized by the apparatus can be easily determined, and the performance of the sterilization apparatus / sterilization method can be efficiently evaluated based on the result.
また、プレートの各試料収納部内に収納された試料の表面を寒天培養地で封止し、その後、該試料収納部内の試料を所定時間、培養するようにしたので、試料の乾燥を防ぐとともに、真菌の胞子が飛んだり、菌糸が伸びて隣接する試料に相互に影響することがなく、測定の誤差となる要因を可及的に減少させて正確な判定を行うことができる。 In addition, the surface of the sample stored in each sample storage portion of the plate is sealed with agar culture, and then the sample in the sample storage portion is cultured for a predetermined time, so that the sample is prevented from drying, The fungus spore does not fly or the mycelium grows and does not affect the adjacent samples, and the determination that makes the measurement error can be reduced as much as possible to make an accurate determination.
本発明の実施形態について、図1〜図3を参照して説明する
図1は本発明に係わるプレート1であって、マトリックス状に配置された複数の凹状の試料収納部(WELL)2をその上面に有している。これら試料収納部2は内側面が球状となるように形成されたものであって、プレート1上に、例えば8行×12列の合計96個設けられている。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 shows a
これらマトリックス状の試料収納部2それぞれには、様々な滅菌装置又は滅菌方法に基づく滅菌処理を経た試料が収容されるが、その際、本例では、行方向(横方向)に沿って種類別の菌を収容し、列方向(縦方向)に沿うように濃度別の菌を収容する。
例えば、図1中、A行には“Cladosporium cladosporioides(菌Aとする)”が収容され、B行には“Cladosporium sphaerospermum-1(菌Bとする)”が収容され、C行には“Cladosporium sphaerospermum-2(菌Cとする)”が収容される。また、A行に収容される菌Aでは、1列から12列に向けて徐々に濃度が低く/高くなるように調整され、同様に、B行に収容される菌Bでは、1列から12列に向けて徐々に濃度が低く/高くなるように調整され、C行に収容される菌Cでは、1列から12列に向けて徐々に濃度が低く/高くなるように調整されている。
その他、これらマトリックス状の試料収納部2(例えば、H行)には、1列から12列に向けて徐々に希釈して、初期菌数が2.0〜3.0×106(cfu)となるように調整した基準となる標準菌株を収容しても良い。
Each of these matrix-shaped
For example, in FIG. 1, “Cladosporium cladosporioides (fungus A)” is accommodated in line A, “Cladosporium sphaerospermum-1 (fungus B)” is accommodated in line B, and “Cladosporium” is accommodated in line C. "sphaerospermum-2 (referred to as fungus C)" is accommodated. Further, in the bacteria A accommodated in the A row, the concentration is adjusted so that the concentration gradually decreases / increases from the 1st column to the 12th column. Similarly, in the bacteria B accommodated in the B row, the 1st to 12th columns are used. The concentration is adjusted so that the concentration gradually decreases / increases toward the column, and the fungus C accommodated in the C row is adjusted so that the concentration gradually decreases / increases from the 1st column to the 12th column.
In addition, in these matrix-like sample storage units 2 (for example, row H), the initial bacterial count is 2.0 to 3.0 × 10 6 (cfu) by gradually diluting from 1 column to 12 columns. A standard strain serving as a reference adjusted so as to be
そして、上記のようなマトリックス状の試料収納部2には、例えば、2.0〜3.0×106(cfu:Colony Forming Unit)の範囲となるように適宜希釈した標準菌株や、検査対象となる試料の菌株3(様々な滅菌装置又は滅菌方法に基づく滅菌処理を経た試料の菌株)を濃度別に10μl/wellずつ分注した後、図2に示すように、試料の表面を寒天培養地4で封止し、クリーンベンチにて約30分間自然乾燥させた評価プレートを作成する。
その後、この評価プレートを滅菌装置の滅菌領域内の任意箇所に配置した状態で、該滅菌装置を作動させ、所定時間後に、当該評価プレートを回収し、各試料収納部2に培養液を分注して培養する。
その後、菌の生育が確認される菌濃度に基づき、フラクションネガティブ法を用いて特定種の菌の90%を不活性化し、生残率を1/10に低下させるのに必要な処理時間であるD値を算出する。このD値は値が小さいほど、滅菌装置又は滅菌方法に基づく滅菌処理での滅菌力が高いことを意味し、このD値に基づき、適用した滅菌法が適切な滅菌手法か、また、対象とする最適な滅菌時間はどの程度かといった評価を可能とする。また、生残率を所定のしきい値で区分することで、陰性/陽性を容易に判定することができる。
In the matrix-like
Thereafter, the sterilizer is operated in a state where the evaluation plate is arranged at an arbitrary position in the sterilization area of the sterilizer, and after a predetermined time, the evaluation plate is collected and the culture solution is dispensed to each
After that, based on the concentration of bacteria in which the growth of the bacteria is confirmed, the treatment time is required to inactivate 90% of the specific species using the fraction negative method and reduce the survival rate to 1/10. D value is calculated. The smaller this value, the higher the sterilization power in the sterilization process based on the sterilization apparatus or sterilization method. Based on this D value, whether the applied sterilization method is an appropriate sterilization method, It is possible to evaluate the optimum sterilization time to be performed. Moreover, negative / positive can be easily determined by dividing the survival rate by a predetermined threshold.
なお、プレート1の試料収納部2としては、図2(A)に示されるように内面が球状に形成されている他、図2(B)に示されるように断面視、四角形状に形成しても良く、その形状は限定されるものではない。
As shown in FIG. 2A, the
以上のような滅菌装置又は滅菌方法の評価方法によれば、プレート1内にてマトリックス状に配置された凹状の試料収納部2内に、滅菌装置/滅菌方法により滅菌処理した試料の菌株3を種類及び濃度別に収納した後、各試料収納部2内に収納された菌株3の表面を寒天培養地4で封止し、その後、該試料収納部2内の試料を所定時間、培養して該菌株3に含まれる菌数を検出することにより、当該滅菌装置/滅菌方法の性能を評価するようにした。
このとき、マトリックス状に密集配置された複数の凹状の試料収納部2を有するプレート1を使用し、これら試料収納部2内に、滅菌装置により滅菌処理した試料の菌株3を種類及び濃度別に収納したので、該滅菌装置により滅菌処理を施した後の複数の菌株3の判定を容易に行うことができ、その結果に基づき当該滅菌装置/滅菌方法の性能を能率的に評価することができる。
According to the sterilization apparatus or the evaluation method of the sterilization method as described above, the
At this time, a
また、プレート1の各試料収納部2内に収納された試料である菌株3の表面を寒天培養地4で封止し、その後、該試料収納部2内の菌株3を所定時間、培養するようにしたので、試料の乾燥を防ぐとともに真菌の胞子が飛んだり、菌糸が伸びて隣接する試料に相互に影響することがなく、これによって試料の評価を容易に行うことができる。
さらに、菌の生育に関して、生残率に応じて陰性/陽性の判定を行うとの手法を用いることで、標準菌株から対象とする菌株3まで複数を対象とした評価を一度に行うことができ、効率的かつ安価に滅菌装置/滅菌方法の性能を評価できる。
Further, the surface of the
Furthermore, regarding the growth of bacteria, by using a method of performing negative / positive determination according to the survival rate, it is possible to perform evaluation for a plurality from the standard strain to the
(オゾン曝露処理を経た菌を評価した際の実験例)
図3を参照してオゾン曝露処理を経た菌(試料)の評価実験例について説明する。まず、オゾン発生機(蕪木化学工業社、コロナプレート放電式)と、真空デシケータ(アズワン株式会社、VL−C)の上部にある二つの給排気口の内の1つとをシリコンチューブで接続し、真空デシケータ内に100ppmのオゾンを充満させた。
オゾン濃度は、もう一方の吸排気口にて気体採取器(ガステック社、検知管式気体測定器、気体採取器セットG-100S)と、検知管(ガステック社、オゾン検知管NO.18M)とを用いて測定し、随時確認した。
更に、デイケータ内には温湿度形を設置し、常時温度と、相対湿度を測定した。また、必要に応じて滅菌水と濾紙を入れたビーカーをデシケータ内に置き、相対湿度を一定に保った。
(Experimental example when evaluating bacteria exposed to ozone exposure)
With reference to FIG. 3, an evaluation experiment example of bacteria (sample) that has undergone ozone exposure treatment will be described. First, an ozone generator (Kashiwagi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., corona plate discharge type) and one of the two air supply / exhaust ports at the top of the vacuum desiccator (As One Co., Ltd., VL-C) are connected with a silicon tube. A vacuum desiccator was filled with 100 ppm of ozone.
The ozone concentration is measured at the other intake / exhaust port by a gas collector (Gastech, detector tube type gas measuring instrument, gas collector set G-100S) and a detector tube (Gastech, ozone detector tube NO.18M). ) And measured from time to time.
Furthermore, a temperature / humidity type was installed in the Decarator, and the temperature and relative humidity were constantly measured. Further, if necessary, a beaker containing sterilized water and filter paper was placed in a desiccator to keep the relative humidity constant.
このように設定したデシケータ内に、例えば、2.0〜3.0×106(cfu:Colony Forming Unit)の濃度範囲となるように適宜希釈した標準菌株を試料収納部2に収容してなるプレート1を配置した。
ここで、プレート1の試料収納部2内には、マトリックスの行毎に濃度を異ならせた菌株3を収容した。具体的には、Cladosporium cladosporioides(菌A)、Fusarium graminearum,(菌B)、Cladosporium sphaerospermum-1(菌C)、Cladosporium sphaerospermum-2(菌D)、Penicillium rugulosum(菌E)、Penicillium glabrum(菌F)、Trichoderma viride(菌G)、Penicillium citreonigrum(菌H)、Aspergillus niger, (菌I)、Rhodotorula rubra(菌J)、Neurospora sitophila(図示略)といった菌株3を入れた(図1及び図3の実験結果に対応)。
In the desiccator set in this way, for example, a standard strain appropriately diluted so as to be in a concentration range of 2.0 to 3.0 × 10 6 (cfu: Colony Forming Unit) is stored in the
Here, in the
その後、デシケータ内にオゾンガス(100ppm)を曝露し、30分〜1時間毎に検知管を用いてオゾン濃度を確認しながら、最大で135分オゾンを曝露した。以上の滅菌処理の後、クリーンベンチにて5分間程度、デシケータの蓋を開いてプレート1上の残留オゾンを除去し、CP添加PDA培地(ポテトデキストロース寒天)を80μl/wellずつ分注した。
培地が固まったらパラフィルムで封をして、インキュベータにて25〜30℃の範囲で48時間(Neurospora sitophilaについては生育が早いために24時間)培養を行った。
Thereafter, ozone gas (100 ppm) was exposed in a desiccator, and ozone was exposed for a maximum of 135 minutes while checking the ozone concentration using a detection tube every 30 minutes to 1 hour. After the above sterilization treatment, the desiccator lid was opened for about 5 minutes on a clean bench to remove residual ozone on the
When the medium was solidified, it was sealed with parafilm and cultured in an incubator for 48 hours in the range of 25-30 ° C. (24 hours because Neurospora sitophila grows fast).
その後、菌の生育が確認される菌濃度に基づき、フラクションネガティブ法を用いて特定種の菌の90%を不活性化し、生残率を1/10に低下させるのに必要な処理時間であるD値及び滅菌平均曝露時間Uskを求め(図3参照)、比較評価を行った。その結果、D値及び滅菌平均曝露時間Uskは、菌株によって異なることが分かり、対象とする菌を用いた場合の滅菌評価による適切な指標が必要であると考えられる。また、本手法を用いることで、複数の対象となる菌に関する適切な滅菌時間が評価でき、評価結果に基づき最適な滅菌条件の設定が可能であることが示された。 After that, based on the concentration of bacteria in which the growth of the bacteria is confirmed, the treatment time is required to inactivate 90% of the specific species using the fraction negative method and reduce the survival rate to 1/10. The D value and the average sterilization exposure time Usk were obtained (see FIG. 3), and a comparative evaluation was performed. As a result, it was found that the D value and the average sterilization exposure time Usk differ depending on the strain, and it is considered that an appropriate index based on the sterilization evaluation when the target fungus is used is necessary. Moreover, it was shown that by using this method, it is possible to evaluate an appropriate sterilization time for a plurality of target bacteria, and it is possible to set optimum sterilization conditions based on the evaluation results.
以上、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳述したが、具体的な構成はこの実施形態に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail with reference to drawings, the concrete structure is not restricted to this embodiment, The design change etc. of the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention are included.
本発明は、所定の滅菌方法/滅菌装置により、様々な滅菌処理を施した後の複数の試料の判定を容易に行うことができる滅菌装置及び滅菌方法の評価方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a sterilization apparatus and a sterilization method evaluation method that can easily determine a plurality of samples after various sterilization processes are performed using a predetermined sterilization method / sterilization apparatus.
1 プレート
2 試料収納部
3 菌株(試料)
4 寒天培養地
1
4 Agar culture area
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017525366A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-09-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Devices and methods for sample separation and analysis |
| JP2020201425A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | 学校法人順天堂 | Tool for setting observation sample to microscope, and method |
| CN112200452A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-08 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | A kind of disinfection effect evaluation method |
| CN116907895A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-10-20 | 江苏威诺检测技术有限公司 | A method for testing the performance of disinfection cabinets |
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2012
- 2012-03-29 JP JP2012077908A patent/JP2013202032A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017525366A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-09-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Devices and methods for sample separation and analysis |
| US12054766B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2024-08-06 | Neogen Food Safety Us Holdco Corporation | Devices and methods for sample partitioning and analysis |
| JP2020201425A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | 学校法人順天堂 | Tool for setting observation sample to microscope, and method |
| CN112200452A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-08 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | A kind of disinfection effect evaluation method |
| CN116907895A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-10-20 | 江苏威诺检测技术有限公司 | A method for testing the performance of disinfection cabinets |
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