JP2013068826A - Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus and image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide toner for electrostatic charge image development capable of suppressing deterioration in image quality of a fixed image due to bleeding-out of an ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer.SOLUTION: There is provided toner for electrostatic charge image development which contains a binder resin, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group and at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe and Ca, wherein a soluble content obtained by dissolving the toner in tetrahydrofuran (THF) has a pH of 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less and the content of the metal element C(m)[mass%], the content of carbon C(c)[mass%] and the content of oxygen C(o)[mass%] in the toner satisfy the following expression (1): 0.01<C(m)/(C(c)+C(o))<0.10.

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrostatic charge image developing toner, an electrostatic charge image developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method.

For example, a method of visualizing image information through an electrostatic latent image by electrophotography or the like is currently used in various fields. In electrophotography, image information is formed as an electrostatic latent image on the surface of a latent image carrier (photoreceptor) by charging and exposure processes, and the toner image is developed on the surface of the photoreceptor using a developer containing toner. The toner image is visualized as an image through a transfer process for transferring the toner image to a recording medium (transfer object) and a fixing process for fixing the toner image on the surface of the recording medium.
Various proposals have been made for toners used in such image formation.

  For example, “a toner for developing an electrostatic image comprising toner particles containing a binder resin, a colorant, and an ultraviolet absorber, wherein the core layer contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, and the core layer An electrostatic image development comprising: an intermediate layer provided between a shell layer formed so as to cover the toner and toner particles having a structure in which an ultraviolet absorber is contained in the intermediate layer Toner "has been proposed.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that an electrostatic charge image developing toner is produced through a process of aggregating and fusing at least resin fine particles and colorant fine particles, and the electrostatic charge image developing toner absorbs ultraviolet rays. An electrostatic charge image developing toner characterized by containing an agent "has been proposed.

  Further, Patent Document 3 proposes “ultraviolet absorber-containing colorless toner characterized by containing an ultraviolet absorber and being colorless”.

  Patent Document 4 discloses that “a toner for developing an electrostatic image comprising toner particles obtained by aggregating and fusing binder resin fine particles containing at least a vinyl polymer and coloring fine particles containing a dye. An electrostatic charge image developing toner in which the toner particles contain at least one light fastness improver and at least one ultraviolet absorber is proposed.

  Patent Document 5 proposes “a toner composition comprising a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent, a charge control agent, a fluidity imparting agent, an ultraviolet absorber, and an anti-aging agent”.

Patent Document 6 states that “resin fine particles containing a resin having a segment having a sulfo group and an ultraviolet absorber, the content of the sulfo group being 1 × 10 ^{4 to} 20 × 10 ⁴ mol / a resin having a light transmittance of 35% or less at a wavelength of 350 nm and a light transmittance of 80% or more at a wavelength of 400 nm when dissolved in chloroform to form a 0.1 wt% solution. Fine particles "have been proposed.

  Patent Document 7 states that “in an electrophotographic toner mainly composed of a binder resin and a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber having a melting point in the range of 90 to 150 ° C. is contained, and light transmittance is high. An electrophotographic toner characterized by being 65 or more has been proposed.

  Patent Document 8 states that “an electrophotographic toner containing a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the binder resin contains at least a polyester resin or a polyether polyol resin, and further contains an ultraviolet absorber. Toner for electrophotography "has been proposed.

  On the other hand, as an infrared absorber, Patent Document 9 discloses that “the ultraviolet absorber obtained by condensing the respective reactive groups of the polymer and the ultraviolet absorber having reactive groups that are condensation reaction with each other” "A polymer-bound ultraviolet absorber characterized by being bonded to a polymer chain" has been proposed.

  Patent Document 10 proposes a “polymer ultraviolet absorber characterized by being a copolymer containing a specific monomer unit A”.

JP 2010-107617 A JP 2008-122828 A JP 2009-210667 A JP 2008-052086 A JP 2003-043750 A JP 2007-099837 A JP 2001-183871 A JP 2000-181140 A JP 2005-120137 A JP 2009-155540 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, in which deterioration of the image quality of a fixed image due to bleeding of an ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer is suppressed.

The above problem is solved by the following means. That is,
The invention according to claim 1
A binder resin, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca,
The pH of the soluble component when the toner is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less,
In the toner, the metal element content C (m) [mass%], the carbon content C (c) [mass%], and the oxygen content C (o) [mass%] are represented by the following relational expression ( An electrostatic charge image developing toner satisfying 1).
Relational expression (1) 0.01 <C (m) / (C (c) + C (o)) <0.10

The invention according to claim 2
Having toner particles,
The toner particles are at least one selected from the binder resin, the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group, and the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and at least one selected from the Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, comprising a seed metal element.

The invention according to claim 3
The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the metal element is Al.

The invention according to claim 4
The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin includes a polyester resin.

The invention according to claim 5
The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester resin.

The invention according to claim 6
An electrostatic image developer comprising at least the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1.

The invention according to claim 7 provides:
Containing the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1;
A toner cartridge to be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.

The invention according to claim 8 provides:
A developing means for accommodating the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 6 and developing the electrostatic charge image formed on the image holding member as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer,
A process cartridge attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.

The invention according to claim 9 is:
An image carrier,
Charging means for charging the image carrier;
An electrostatic charge image forming means for forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
Developing means for containing the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 6 and developing the electrostatic charge image formed on the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer;
Transfer means for transferring a toner image formed on the image carrier onto a transfer target;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium;
An image forming apparatus comprising:

The invention according to claim 10 is:
A charging step for charging the image carrier;
An electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
A developing step of developing the electrostatic image formed on the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic image developer according to claim 6;
A transfer step of transferring a toner image formed on the image carrier onto a transfer target;
A fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium;
An image forming method comprising:

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer do not have a hydroxyl group, and when the toner is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), the pH of the soluble component is less than 7.0, and Al, Mg Content C (m) [mass%] of at least one metal element selected from Fe, Ca and Ca, carbon content C (c) [mass%], and oxygen content C (o) [mass] %] Does not satisfy the above relational expression, an electrostatic charge image developing toner can be provided in which the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed.
According to the invention of claim 2, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having the hydroxyl group, and at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca As compared with the case where the toner particles are not internally added to the toner particles, it is possible to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image in which deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed.
According to the invention of claim 3, it is possible to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image in which deterioration of the image quality of a fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed as compared with the case where a metal element other than Al is contained. .
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the electrostatic charge image developing toner in which the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed as compared with the case where the binder resin does not contain the polyester resin. Can be provided.
According to the invention of claim 5, compared to the case where the binder resin does not contain a crystalline polyester resin, the electrostatic charge image development in which the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed. Toner can be provided.

  According to the inventions according to claims 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer have no hydroxyl group, and the pH of the soluble component when the toner is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 7 Less than 0.0, content C (m) [mass%] of at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca, carbon content C (c) [mass%], and oxygen Compared with the case where an electrostatic charge image developing toner whose content C (o) [mass%] does not satisfy the above relational expression is applied, deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed. An electrostatic charge image developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method can be provided.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the process cartridge of this embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[Toner for electrostatic image development]
The electrostatic image developing toner according to the exemplary embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “toner”) includes at least one selected from a binder resin, an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group, and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group. It comprises a seed and at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “metal element”).
In the toner according to the exemplary embodiment, the pH of the soluble component (hereinafter referred to as “THF soluble component”) when the toner is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less. .
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes a metal element content C (m) [mass%], a carbon content C (c) [mass%], and an oxygen content C (o) [ mass%] satisfies the following relational expression (1).
Relational expression (1) 0.01 <C (m) / (C (c) + C (o)) <0.10

Heretofore, prints to be exhibited outdoors have been required to have a characteristic that an image (fixed image) does not fade even when exposed to light for a long time.
In order to solve this problem, a technique for adding an ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer to the toner is known.
However, if the toner contains an ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer, the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer will ooze out from the fixed image (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “bleed”), and light exposure will occur for a long time. The image quality may be deteriorated more than before. This bleed tends to occur easily in a high temperature and high humidity environment such as summer.

Therefore, with the toner according to the present embodiment, the image quality deterioration of the fixed image due to the seepage of the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer is suppressed by the above configuration.
Although this reason is not certain, it is thought to be due to the following reasons.

First, the cause of the occurrence of bleeding of the UV absorber or light stabilizer is that these additives are added even in the fixed image of the toner after fixing because the molecular weight is lower than that of the binder resin. It is presumed that the domain of the agent is easily moved, and bleeding occurs when the domain of the additive reaches the fixed image surface by Brownian motion.
In particular, in a high temperature and high humidity environment such as summer, it is considered that the Brownian motion of the additive domain is promoted and bleeding is likely to occur.

On the other hand, an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is a specific ph (pH 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less) and a metal element (Al, Mg, Fe, Ca) via the hydroxyl group. Form a complex.
Then, in the fixed image of the toner, when the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group forms a complex with a metal element (Al, Mg, Fe, Ca), the ultraviolet absorber or the light stabilizer It is thought that domain movement is suppressed.

  For this reason, in the toner according to the exemplary embodiment, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is added among the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer, and the relational expression ( 1) Add a metal element in an amount that satisfies the requirement 1), and adjust the pH of the THF soluble component to 7.0 or higher so that the ultraviolet absorber or light stabilizer, the metal element, and the binder resin form a complex in the fixed image. By adjusting so that it may be 10.0 or less, it is thought that the image quality deterioration of the fixed image by the bleeding (bleeding) of a ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer is suppressed.

  In addition, for the purpose of suppressing the occurrence of bleeding of the UV absorber or light stabilizer, the molecule of the UV absorber or light stabilizer is added to the resin main chain skeleton (polymer main chain skeleton), or the resin side chain (polymer). It is conceivable to add this to the toner and add it to the toner. However, when it is used as a toner additive, it may contain a high molecular weight additive. Although there is a concern that the fixing characteristics may be deteriorated, the toner according to the exemplary embodiment is advantageous in that it does not require addition of a high molecular weight additive and does not cause deterioration of the fixing characteristics.

In the toner according to the exemplary embodiment, the metal element content C (m) [mass%], the carbon content C (c) [mass%], and the oxygen content C (o) [mass%] Although satisfying the relational expression (1), the relational expression (1-2) is preferably satisfied and the relational expression (1-3) is more preferable from the viewpoint of further suppressing deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleeding. That is.
Relational expression (1-2) 0.050 <C (m) / (C (c) + C (o)) <0.070
Relational expression (1-3) 0.035 <C (m) / (C (c) + C (o)) <0.085
However, when a plurality of metal elements are included in the toner, the metal element content C (m) means the total amount thereof.

  In the relational expression, “C (m) / (C (c) + C (o))” indicates the ratio of the metal element to the total amount of carbon and oxygen, which is the ratio of the metal element to the binder resin. The number of complexes formed by the ultraviolet absorber or light stabilizer, the metal element, and the binder resin depends on the metal element, and if the amount of the metal element is too small relative to the binder resin, the complex When the amount of the metal element is too large with respect to the binder resin, it means that the distribution of the complex in the toner system is not uniform because of the large amount of the complex.

  In order to satisfy the relational expression (1), that is, adjustment of “C (m) / (C (c) + C (o))” is, for example, 1) Addition amount of an additive serving as a metal element supply source 2) A method of adding an additive having an action of collecting a metal element, 3) A method of adding an additive containing a metal element excluding Al, Mg, Fe, Ca, etc.

The metal element content C (m), the carbon content C (c), and the oxygen content C (o) are respectively determined by measuring mass% of each element by fluorescent X-ray analysis.
The measuring method and measuring conditions of mass% of each element by fluorescent X-ray analysis are as follows. As the sample pretreatment for measurement, 0.12 g of toner is compression molded under a pressure condition of 6 t for 1 minute with a pressure molding machine. A fluorescent X-ray analyzer (XRF-1500) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used, and the measurement conditions are a tube voltage of 40 KV and a tube current of 70 mA.

  Further, in the toner according to the exemplary embodiment, ph of the THF soluble component is 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less. However, from the viewpoint of further suppressing deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleed, preferably 7. It is 5 or more and 9.5 or less, and more preferably 8.0 or more and 9.0 or less.

  The pH of the THF soluble component is adjusted, for example, by adjusting the pH of the object to be added (toner (toner particle) raw material mixture: kneaded product or dispersion) to 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less and then having a hydroxyl group. This is performed by a method of adding at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group.

In addition, ph of THF soluble part is calculated | required as follows.
(1) Weigh 0.1 g of toner, add 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran (special grade) to this, and mix and stir for 1 hour using a magnetic stirrer.
(2) Then, (1) is separated at 2000 rpm by a centrifuge for 30 minutes.
(3) The supernatant obtained in (2) is subjected to solid-liquid separation using JIS standard 5A filter paper.
(4) The ph of the filtrate obtained in (3) is measured using a ph meter (Mettler Toledo International, Seven Gopro SG8).

  Hereinafter, details of the toner according to the exemplary embodiment will be described.

The toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes a metal element and at least one selected from a binder resin, an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group, and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group.
Specifically, the toner according to the exemplary embodiment has the following configuration.
1) Configuration having at least one selected from a binder resin, an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group, and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and toner particles containing a metal element, and, if necessary, an external additive 2) A configuration having a binder resin, toner particles containing at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and an external additive containing a metal element 3) Includes a binder resin Composition comprising toner particles, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and an external additive containing a metal element. Among these, ultraviolet absorption in a fixed image From the viewpoint of suppressing the uneven distribution of the agent or the light stabilizer and easily suppressing the occurrence of bleeding, the configuration of 1) is preferable.

(Toner particles)
The toner particles include, for example, a binder resin and, if necessary, other additives such as a colorant and a release agent.
The toner particles may further contain at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and a metal element.

-UV absorber with hydroxyl group-
The ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited as long as it is an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group in one molecule, and examples thereof include a hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole derivative and a hydroxyphenyltriazine derivative.

  Specific examples of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group include 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-dipentylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -4,6-bis- Reaction product of (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine and (2-ethylhexyl) -glycidic acid ester, propionic acid, 2- [4- [4,6-bis ([1,1 '-Biphenyl] -4-yl) -1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -3-hydroxypenoxy]-, isooctyl ester, 2,4-bis [2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl] -6- (2,4-dibutoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxyben Zophenone, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-t-octylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, salicylic acid, 4-t-butylphenyl ester, 2- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-amylphenyl) -Benzotriazole.

  Among these, the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group is 2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -4,6-bis- (2,4) from the viewpoint of further suppressing deterioration of the image quality of a fixed image due to generation of bleeding. Reaction product of (dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine and (2-ethylhexyl) -glycidic acid ester (TINUVIN 405 manufactured by BASF), salicylic acid, 4-t-butylphenyl ester (CYASORB2337 manufactured by Sun Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-dipentylphenyl) benzotriazole (TINUVIN 328 manufactured by BASF) is desirable.

The melting point (mp,) of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group is preferably 65 ° C. or higher and 85 ° C. or lower (desirably 70 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower).
The ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group having a melting point in the above range is easy to reduce the mobility in the fixed image, and is easy to melt at the time of fixing the toner image, and the uneven distribution in the fixed image is suppressed. It becomes easier to suppress the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of.

The melting point is measured by a melting point measuring method described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS K0064.
Hereinafter, the melting point of the light stabilizer is also obtained in the same manner.

The content of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group is desirably 1% by mass or more and 9% by mass or less, more desirably 3% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less, and further desirably 4% with respect to all components constituting the toner. The mass is 6% by mass or more.
By setting the content of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group within the above range, fading of the fixed image due to ultraviolet light can be suppressed, and deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleeding can be more easily suppressed.

  In the case where the toner particles are obtained by an aggregation and coalescence method, for example, the aggregated particles are formed, the pH of the dispersion is adjusted to 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less, and then the dispersion of the ultraviolet absorbent having a hydroxyl group is performed. Therefore, the ultraviolet absorbent having a hydroxyl group is preferably included in the surface layer portion of the toner particle.

-Light stabilizer with hydroxyl group-
The light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited as long as it is a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group in one molecule, and examples thereof include a piperidine derivative containing a hydroxyl group in the molecule.

  Specific examples of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group include, for example, 2-[[3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] methyl] -2-butylpropanedioic acid bis [1,2 , 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl], a reaction product of dimethyl succinate and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol, 2-aminoethanol and cyclohexane Examples include a reaction product of oxidized N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidineamino-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine.

  Among these, as a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, 2-[[3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxy is used from the viewpoint of further suppressing deterioration in image quality of a fixed image due to generation of bleeding. Phenyl] methyl] -2-butylpropanediacid bis [1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl] (TINUVIN 152 manufactured by BASF), dimethyl succinate and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6 , 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol reaction product (Lowlite 62 manufactured by Chemtura) is desirable.

The melting point (mp,) of the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is preferably 65 ° C. or higher and 85 ° C. or lower (desirably 70 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower).
The light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group having a melting point in the above range is easy to reduce the mobility in the fixed image, and easily progresses in melting at the time of fixing the toner image, and the uneven distribution in the fixed image is suppressed. It becomes easier to suppress the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of.

The content of the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is desirably 1% by mass or more and 9% by mass or less, more desirably 3% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less, and further desirably 4% with respect to all components constituting the toner. The mass is 6% by mass or more.
By setting the content of the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group in the above range, the fading of the fixed image due to light is suppressed, and the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleeding is more easily suppressed.

  When the toner particles are obtained by an aggregation coalescence method, for example, after forming the aggregated particles and adjusting the pH of the dispersion to 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less, a dispersion of a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group Therefore, the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is preferably included in the surface layer portion of the toner particle.

-Metal elements-
The metal element is at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca.
As the metal element, Al is particularly preferable. This is because Al has a higher ionic valence than Mg, Fe, and Ca, and is considered to form a stronger complex with an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group. This is because the movement of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is suppressed, and the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleeding is considered to be more easily suppressed.

Examples of the metal element supply source (compound to be added as an additive to the toner) include an aggregating agent that is added when toner particles are produced by an agglomeration and coalescence method.
Examples of the aggregating agent containing Al include aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, and polyaluminum hydroxide.
Examples of the flocculant containing Mg include magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
Examples of the aggregating agent containing Fe include iron (II) chloride and iron (II) polysulfate.
Examples of the flocculant containing Ca include calcium chloride and calcium sulfate.
In addition, you may add these flocculants as a mere additive instead of a flocculant use.

  Other sources of metal elements include, for example, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate added as an additive to sufficiently clean impurities such as surfactant during cleaning after toner particle granulation Thing etc. are mentioned.

  The content of the metal element is adjusted so as to satisfy the relational expression (1).

-Binder resin-
Examples of the binder resin include styrenes such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, and α-methylstyrene; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, acrylic acid 2 -(Meth) acrylic acid esters such as ethylhexyl, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; ethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; Vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; Vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone; Polyolefins such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene; Monomers such as Polymer, or two or more of these combined copolymer, or mixtures thereof.
Examples of the binder resin include epoxy resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polyamide resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, and the like, non-vinyl condensation resins, mixtures of these with the vinyl resins, and vinyl in the presence of these resins. Examples also include a graft polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer.
These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Among the above resins, a polyester resin is preferably used as the binder resin. This is because the carboxyl group of the polyester resin forms a complex with the metal element, so the UV absorption with the polyester resin and the hydroxyl group is performed via the metal element that forms a complex with the ultraviolet light absorber having the hydroxyl group or the light stabilizer with the hydroxyl group. It is considered that the crosslinking agent or the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group forms a cross-linked structure, and the movement of the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group in the fixed image is further suppressed, and the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleeding This is because it is considered that image quality deterioration can be more easily suppressed.

  As the binder resin, it is particularly preferable to use a crystalline polyester resin. This is because the polyester resin itself forms a crosslinked structure with a UV absorber having a hydroxyl group or a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group via a metal element, and the polyester resin has crystallinity. Not only the resin but also the nearby amorphous polyester resin has a structure oriented in a certain direction, so it is considered that a regular cross-linked structure is formed. This is because it is considered that the movement of the light stabilizer or the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is further suppressed, and the deterioration of the image quality of the fixed image due to the occurrence of bleeding is more easily suppressed.

Here, the amorphous resin (amorphous polyester resin) is not a clear endothermic peak but only a stepwise endothermic change in thermal analysis measurement using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). , A solid at room temperature, which is thermoplasticized at a temperature above the glass transition temperature. On the other hand, the crystalline resin (crystalline polyester resin) refers to a resin having a clear endothermic peak instead of a stepwise endothermic amount change in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Specifically, for example, a crystalline resin (crystalline polyester resin) means that the half-value width of the endothermic peak when measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min is within 10 ° C., and is amorphous. The resin (amorphous polyester resin) means a resin having a half width exceeding 10 ° C. or a resin in which no clear endothermic peak is observed.

The amorphous polyester resin will be described.
Examples of the amorphous polyester resin include those obtained by condensation polymerization of polyvalent carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
Examples of polyvalent carboxylic acids include aromatic carboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic acid, alkenyl Aliphatic carboxylic acids such as succinic anhydride and adipic acid; alicyclic carboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and the like. These polyvalent carboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination. Among these polyvalent carboxylic acids, it is desirable to use aromatic carboxylic acids. Further, a trivalent or higher carboxylic acid (trimellitic acid or its acid anhydride) may be used in combination with the dicarboxylic acid.
on the other hand. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin; cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A And aromatic diols such as bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct and bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct. One or more of these polyhydric alcohols may be used. Among these polyhydric alcohols, aromatic diols and alicyclic diols are preferred, and among these, aromatic diols are more desirable. Further, a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol (glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol) may be used in combination with the diol.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the amorphous polyester resin is preferably 5000 or more and 50000 or less, and more preferably 7000 or more and 20000 or less.
In addition, the weight average molecular weight was measured with a THF solvent using a Toso GPC / HLC-8120, a Tosoh column TSKgel SuperHM-M (15 cm), and prepared with a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample. Calculated using a molecular weight calibration curve. The same applies hereinafter.

  The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous polyester resin is desirably in the range of 50 ° C to 80 ° C. The Tg of the polyester resin is more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 65 ° C. or lower.

In the synthesis of the amorphous polyester resin, a polyvalent carboxylic acid or a polyhydric alcohol may be added at the final stage of the synthesis as necessary for the purpose of adjusting the acid value or the hydroxyl value.
Examples of polycarboxylic acids include aromatic carboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic acid, alkenyl Aliphatic carboxylic acids such as succinic anhydride and adipic acid; alicyclic carboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4- Examples thereof include aromatic carboxylic acids having at least three carboxyl groups in one molecule such as naphthalene tricarboxylic acid.
Examples of polyhydric alcohols include aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin; cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, etc. And aromatic diols such as bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct and bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct.

The production of the amorphous polyester resin can be carried out at a polymerization temperature of 180 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, and the reaction system is depressurized as necessary and reacted while removing water and alcohol generated during condensation. .
When the polymerizable monomer is not dissolved or compatible at the reaction temperature, a solvent having a high boiling point may be added as a solubilizing solvent and dissolved. In this case, the polycondensation reaction is performed while distilling off the solubilizing solvent. If there is a polymerizable monomer having poor compatibility in the copolymerization reaction, the polymerizable monomer having poor compatibility and the polymerizable monomer and the acid or alcohol to be polycondensed are condensed in advance. And then polycondensation with the main component.

  Catalysts used in the production of amorphous polyester resin include alkali metal compounds such as sodium and lithium; alkaline earth metal compounds such as magnesium and calcium; zinc, manganese, antimony, titanium, tin, zirconium, germanium Metal compounds such as: phosphorous acid compounds; phosphoric acid compounds; and amine compounds.

  The content of the amorphous resin typified by the amorphous polyester resin is desirably in the range of 40% by mass to 95% by mass, more desirably in the range of 50% by mass to 90% by mass, Desirably, it is the range of 60 mass% or more and 85 mass% or less.

The crystalline polyester resin will be described.
Examples of the crystalline polyester resin include condensation polymers of polyvalent carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
Here, among the polycondensation products of polyvalent carboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol exemplified below, from the viewpoint of realizing low-temperature fixability, the crystalline polyester resin is a polycondensation product of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic diol. It is good that it is.

Examples of the dicarboxylic acid (divalent carboxylic acid) include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, peric acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,9-nonanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,18-octadecanedicarboxylic acid; phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, malon Aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as acids and dibasic acids such as mesaconic acid; and the like, and anhydrides and lower alkyl esters thereof are also included, but not limited thereto.
Examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acid include specific aromatic carboxylic acids such as 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, and the like. These anhydrides and their lower (1 to 3 carbon atoms) alkyl esters are exemplified.
Moreover, as polyvalent carboxylic acid, you may use together dicarboxylic acid which has a sulfonic acid group other than the said aliphatic carboxylic acid and aromatic carboxylic acid.
Furthermore, as the polyvalent carboxylic acid, in addition to the aliphatic carboxylic acid and the aromatic carboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid having a double bond may be used in combination.
These polyvalent carboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  As the polyhydric alcohol, an aliphatic diol is desirable, and a linear aliphatic diol having a main chain portion having 7 to 20 carbon atoms is more desirable. When the aliphatic diol is branched, the crystallinity of the polyester resin is lowered and the melting temperature may be lowered. Further, when the main chain portion has less than 7 carbon atoms, when the polycondensation with the aromatic dicarboxylic acid is performed, the melting temperature becomes high and low temperature fixing may be difficult. On the other hand, when the number of carbons in the main chain portion exceeds 20, it is difficult to obtain practical materials. The number of carbon atoms in the main chain portion is more preferably 14 or less.

  Specific examples of the aliphatic diol include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,7-heptanediol. 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,13-tridecanediol, 1,14-tetradecanediol 1,18-octadecanediol, 1,14-eicosandecanediol and the like, but are not limited thereto. Among these, considering availability, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, and 1,10-decanediol are desirable.

  Examples of the trivalent or higher alcohol include glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

Among polyhydric alcohols, the amount of aliphatic diol used is desirably 80 mol% or more, and more desirably 90 mol% or more.
When the amount of the aliphatic diol used is too low, the crystallinity of the crystalline polyester resin is lowered and the melting temperature may be lowered.

  The method for producing the crystalline polyester resin is not particularly limited, and is produced by a general polyester polymerization method in which an acid component and an alcohol component are reacted. Examples thereof include direct polycondensation and transesterification. Produced separately for different types.

If necessary, a polycarboxylic acid or a polyhydric alcohol may be further added at the final stage of the synthesis for the purpose of adjusting the acid value or the hydroxyl value.
Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid include aromatic carboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic acid, Aliphatic carboxylic acids such as alkenyl succinic anhydride and adipic acid; alicyclic carboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4 -Aromatic carboxylic acids having at least three carboxyl groups in one molecule such as naphthalene tricarboxylic acid.
Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentylglycol, glycerin; cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A And aromatic diols such as bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct and bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the crystalline polyester resin is preferably, for example, 6,000 or more and 35,000 or less.

The melting temperature of the crystalline polyester resin is, for example, preferably from 50 ° C. to 100 ° C., and preferably from 60 ° C. to 80 ° C.
In addition, melting temperature is the value calculated | required as the peak temperature of the endothermic peak obtained by the said differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the crystalline polyester resin may exhibit a plurality of melting peaks, but the maximum peak is regarded as the melting temperature.

  The content of the crystalline resin that represents the crystalline polyester resin is preferably in the range of 3% by mass to 40% by mass, more preferably in the range of 4% by mass to 35% by mass, and still more preferably 5%. It is the range of the mass% or more and 30 mass% or less.

-Colorant-
The colorant is not particularly limited. For example, carbon black, chrome yellow, hansa yellow, benzidine yellow, sren yellow, quinoline yellow, pigment yellow, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, vulcan orange, watch young red, permanent red, Brilliantamine 3B, Brilliantamine 6B, Dupont Oil Red, Pyrazolone Red, Rizor Red, Rhodamine B Lake, Lake Red C, Pigment Red, Rose Bengal, Aniline Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Calco Oil Blue, Methylene Blue Chloride, Phthalocyanine Blue, Pigment Various pigments such as blue, phthalocyanine green, malachite green oxalate, or acridine-based Ten, azo, benzoquinone, azine, anthraquinone, thioindico, dioxazine, thiazine, azomethine, indico, phthalocyanine, aniline black, polymethine, triphenylmethane, diphenylmethane, thiazole And various dyes.
A colorant may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

As the colorant, a surface-treated colorant may be used as necessary, or a pigment dispersant may be used in combination.
By selecting the type of colorant, yellow toner, magenta toner, cyan toner, black toner and the like can be obtained.

  As content of a coloring agent, the range of 1 mass part to 30 mass parts is mentioned with respect to 100 mass parts of binder resin, for example.

-Release agent-
The release agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene; silicones having a softening point by heating; oleic acid amide, erucic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, etc. Fatty acid amides; plant waxes such as ester wax, carnauba wax, rice wax, candelilla wax, tree wax, jojoba oil; animal waxes such as beeswax; montan wax, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax , Minerals such as Fischer-Tropsch wax, petroleum-based wax, and modified products thereof.
As a melting temperature of a mold release agent, the range of 50 to 100 degreeC is mentioned, for example.
As content of a mold release agent, the range of 0.5 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less is mentioned, for example.

-Other additives-
Known charge control agents may be used, but azo metal complex compounds, metal complex compounds of salicylic acid, and resin type charge control agents containing polar groups may be used.

-Toner particle characteristics-
The toner particles may be toner particles having a single layer structure, or toner particles having a so-called core / shell structure composed of a core (core particle) and a coating layer (shell layer) covering the core. May be.
The toner particles having a core / shell structure include, for example, a binder resin (the polyester resin and the crystalline polyester resin according to the present embodiment) and, if necessary, other additives such as a colorant and a release agent. It is good to be comprised by the core part and the coating layer comprised including binder resin (polyester resin which concerns on this embodiment).

The volume average particle size of the toner particles is, for example, preferably from 2.0 μm to 10 μm, and more preferably from 3.5 μm to 7.0 μm.
As a method for measuring the volume average particle diameter of the toner particles, 0.5 mg to 50 mg of a measurement sample is added to 2 ml of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of a surfactant, preferably sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate as a dispersant. The electrolyte was added to 100 ml to 150 ml. The electrolytic solution in which the measurement sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion treatment with an ultrasonic disperser for about 1 minute, and the above-mentioned Coulter Multisizer II type (manufactured by Beckman-Coulter) is used to produce particles using an aperture having an aperture diameter of 100 μm. The particle size distribution of particles having a diameter in the range of 2.0 μm to 60 μm is measured. The number of particles to be measured is 50,000.
For the particle size range (channel) obtained by dividing the obtained particle size distribution, the volume cumulative distribution is subtracted from the small particle size side, and the particle size that becomes 50% cumulative is defined as the volume average particle size D50v.

The shape factor SF1 of the toner particles is, for example, preferably from 110 to 150, and preferably from 120 to 140.
Here, the shape factor SF1 is obtained by the following equation.
Formula: SF1 = (ML ² / A) × (π / 4) × 100
In the above formula, ML represents the absolute maximum length of the toner, and A represents the projected area of the toner.

  SF1 is quantified mainly by analyzing a microscope image or a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image using an image analyzer, and is calculated as follows, for example. That is, by capturing an optical microscope image of particles dispersed on the surface of a slide glass into a Luzex image analyzer through a video camera, obtaining the maximum length and projected area of 100 particles, calculating by the above formula, and obtaining the average value can get.

(External additive)
Examples of the external additive include inorganic particles. Examples of the inorganic particles include SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , CuO, ZnO, SnO ₂ , CeO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , MgO, BaO, and CaO. , K ₂ O, Na ₂ O, ZrO ₂ , CaO · SiO ₂ , K ₂ O · (TiO ₂ ) n, Al ₂ O ₃ · 2SiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , MgCO ₃ , BaSO ₄ , MgSO _{4 and the} like. .

The surface of the inorganic particles as an external additive may be previously hydrophobized. The hydrophobic treatment is performed, for example, by immersing inorganic particles in a hydrophobic treatment agent. The hydrophobizing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silane coupling agents, silicone oils, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
The amount of the hydrophobizing agent is usually about 1 part by mass or more and about 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic particles, for example.

  Examples of external additives include resin particles (resin particles such as polystyrene, PMMA, and melamine resin), cleaning activators (for example, metal salts of higher fatty acids typified by zinc stearate, and particles of fluorine-based high molecular weight particles). Also mentioned.

  Here, when the external additive is used as a supply source of metal elements (Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca), as the external additive, for example, the inorganic particles containing the metal element as a constituent element are selected. Is good,

  The external addition amount of the external additive is, for example, preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 2.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles. It is.

(Toner production method)
Hereinafter, a toner manufacturing method according to the exemplary embodiment will be described.
First, toner particles may be produced by a dry process (for example, a kneading and pulverization method), a wet process (for example, an aggregation coalescence method, a suspension polymerization method, a solution suspension granulation method, a solution suspension method, a solution emulsion aggregation method, or the like. ). There is no restriction | limiting in particular in these manufacturing methods, A well-known manufacturing method is employ | adopted.
Among these, from the viewpoint of suppressing uneven distribution in at least one kind of toner particles selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and further suppressing deterioration in the image quality of a fixed image due to occurrence of bleeding. The toner particles are preferably obtained by an aggregation coalescence method.
However, in any production method, after adjusting the pH of an object to be added (toner particle raw material mixture: kneaded product or dispersion) to 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less, an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a hydroxyl group It is preferable to add at least one selected from light stabilizers having This is because when the THF (toner particles) obtained has a THF soluble content of pH 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less and has a hydroxyl group, a metal element can easily form a complex.

Specifically, the toner particle production method using the aggregation coalescence method is as follows.
In the following description, a toner including a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and a metal element. The method for obtaining the particles will be described. The colorant and the release agent are used as necessary. Of course, you may use other additives other than a coloring agent and a mold release agent.
Further, although a method for obtaining toner particles to which a flocculant is applied as a metal element supply source will be described, the present invention is not limited to this.

-Preparation step of resin particle dispersion-
First, together with a resin particle dispersion in which resin particles composed of a binder resin are dispersed, for example, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and a release agent dispersion in which release agent particles are dispersed prepare.

  Here, the resin particle dispersion is prepared, for example, by dispersing resin particles in a dispersion medium using a surfactant.

Examples of the dispersion medium used for the resin particle dispersion include an aqueous medium.
Examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion exchange water, and alcohols. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

The surfactant is not particularly limited. For example, anionic surfactants such as sulfate ester, sulfonate, phosphate, and soap; amine salt type, quaternary ammonium salt type Nonionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol-based, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adduct-based, polyhydric alcohol-based, and the like. Among these, an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant are particularly mentioned. The nonionic surfactant may be used in combination with an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant.
Surfactant may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

Examples of the method for dispersing the resin particles in the dispersion medium in the resin particle dispersion include general dispersion methods such as a rotary shear type homogenizer, a ball mill having a medium, a sand mill, and a dyno mill. Further, depending on the type of resin particles used, the resin particles may be dispersed in the resin particle dispersion using, for example, a phase inversion emulsification method.
The phase inversion emulsification method is a method in which a resin to be dispersed is dissolved in a hydrophobic organic solvent in which the resin is soluble, and a base is added to the organic continuous phase (O phase) to neutralize the aqueous medium. (W phase) is added to convert the resin from W / O to O / W (so-called phase inversion) to form a discontinuous phase and disperse the resin in an aqueous medium in the form of particles. It is.

Examples of the volume average particle diameter of the resin particles dispersed in the resin particle dispersion include a range of 0.01 μm to 1 μm, and may be 0.08 μm to 0.8 μm, or 0.1 μm to 0 μm. It may be 6 μm.
The volume average particle diameter of the resin particles is measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (LA-920, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the volume average particle diameter of the particles is measured in the same manner.

  As content of the resin particle contained in a resin particle dispersion liquid, 5 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less are mentioned, for example, and 10 mass% or more and 40 mass% or less may be sufficient.

  In addition, similarly to resin particle dispersion, for example, a colorant dispersion and a release agent dispersion are also prepared. In other words, regarding the volume average particle size of the particles in the resin particle dispersion, the dispersion medium, the dispersion method, and the content of the particles, the colorant particles dispersed in the colorant dispersion and the release agent dispersed in the release agent dispersion are used. The same applies to the mold agent particles.

-Aggregated particle formation process-
Next, the colorant particle dispersion and the release agent dispersion are mixed together with the resin particle dispersion.
Then, in the mixed dispersion, resin particles, colorant particles, and release agent particles are hetero-aggregated to have resin particles, colorant particles, and release agent particles having a diameter close to the diameter of the target toner particles. Aggregated particles are formed.

Specifically, for example, a flocculant is added to the mixed dispersion, and the pH of the mixed dispersion is adjusted to acidic (for example, pH is 2 or more and 5 or less), and a dispersion stabilizer is added as necessary. Then, the resin particles are heated to a glass transition temperature (specifically, for example, the glass transition temperature of the resin particles −30 ° C. or more and the glass transition temperature −10 ° C. or less), and the particles dispersed in the mixed dispersion are agglomerated. To form aggregated particles.
In the agglomerated particle forming step, for example, the aggregating agent is added at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) while stirring the mixed dispersion with a rotary shearing homogenizer, and the pH of the mixed dispersion is acidic (for example, the pH is 2 or more and 5 or less). ), And after adding a dispersion stabilizer as necessary, the heating may be performed.

Examples of the flocculant include surfactants having a polarity opposite to that of the surfactant used as the dispersant added to the mixed dispersion, for example, inorganic metal salts and divalent or higher-valent metal complexes. In particular, when a metal complex is used as the flocculant, the amount of the surfactant used is reduced, and the charging characteristics are improved.
If necessary, an additive that forms a complex or a similar bond with the metal ion of the flocculant may be used. As this additive, a chelating agent is preferably used.

The flocculant is preferably used as a source of metal elements (Al, Mg, Fe, Ca), for example, metal salts such as calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, and aluminum sulfate. And inorganic metal salt polymers such as polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum hydroxide and calcium polysulfide.


A water-soluble chelating agent may be used as the chelating agent. Examples of the chelating agent include oxycarboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, and gluconic acid, iminodiacid (IDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and the like.
Examples of the addition amount of the chelating agent include a range of 0.01 parts by mass or more and 5.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin particles. There may be.

Next, after adjusting the pH of the aggregated particle dispersion in which the aggregated particles are dispersed to 7.0 or more and 10.0, an additive dispersion in which an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is further dispersed. The liquid is mixed, and an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is aggregated (attached) to the surface of the aggregated particles.
The pH of the aggregated particle dispersion is adjusted by adding, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia solution or the like.
An additive dispersion in which an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is dispersed is prepared in the same manner as the resin particle dispersion. That is, the volume average particle diameter of the particles in the resin particle dispersion, the dispersion medium, the dispersion method, and the content of the particles are the same for each additive particle dispersed in the additive dispersion.

-Fusion / unification process-
Next, the aggregated particle dispersion in which the aggregated particles are dispersed is heated to, for example, a glass transition temperature or higher of the resin particles (for example, a temperature of 10 to 30 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles). Are fused and united to form toner particles.

Through the above steps, toner particles are obtained.
In addition, after obtaining the aggregated particle dispersion liquid in which the aggregated particles are dispersed, the aggregated particle dispersion liquid and the resin particle dispersion liquid in which the resin particles are dispersed are further mixed, and the resin particles are further added to the surface of the aggregated particles. A process of aggregating to adhere to form second aggregated particles, and heating the second aggregated particle dispersion in which the second aggregated particles are dispersed to fuse and coalesce the second aggregated particles. The toner particles may be manufactured through a step of forming toner particles having a core / shell structure.
However, when forming toner particles having a core / shell structure, after forming the second aggregated particles and adjusting the pH of the dispersion to 7.0 or more and 10.0, further, an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or It is preferable to mix an additive dispersion in which a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group is dispersed, and agglomerate (attach) the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group or the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group on the surface of the aggregated particles.

Here, after completion of the fusion / unification process, toner particles formed in the solution are dried through a known washing process, solid-liquid separation process, and drying process to obtain toner particles.
In the washing step, it is desirable to sufficiently perform substitution washing with ion-exchanged water from the viewpoint of chargeability. The solid-liquid separation step is not particularly limited, but suction filtration, pressure filtration, etc. are preferably used from the viewpoint of productivity. Furthermore, the drying process is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of productivity, freeze drying, flash jet drying, fluidized drying, vibration fluidized drying and the like are preferably used.

  The toner according to the exemplary embodiment is manufactured, for example, by adding an external additive to the obtained dry toner particles and mixing them. Mixing is preferably performed by, for example, a V blender, a Henshur mixer, a ladyge mixer or the like. Further, if necessary, coarse toner particles may be removed using a vibration classifier, a wind classifier, or the like.

[Static charge image developer]
The electrostatic charge image developer according to the exemplary embodiment includes at least the toner according to the exemplary embodiment.
The electrostatic image developer according to this embodiment may be a one-component developer including only the toner according to this embodiment, or may be a two-component developer mixed with the toner and a carrier.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a carrier, A well-known carrier is mentioned. Examples of the carrier include a resin-coated carrier, a magnetic dispersion carrier, a resin dispersion carrier, and the like.

  In the two-component developer, the mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the toner according to the exemplary embodiment and the carrier is preferably in the range of toner: carrier = 1: 100 to 30: 100, and about 3: 100 to 20: 100. The range of is more desirable.

(Image forming apparatus / image forming method)
Next, the image forming apparatus / image forming method according to the present embodiment will be described.
An image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging unit that charges the image carrier, an electrostatic image forming unit that forms an electrostatic image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and an electrostatic image development. A developing means for accommodating the developer and developing the electrostatic image formed on the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic image developer, and transferring the toner image formed on the image carrier onto the transfer target And a fixing unit that fixes the toner image transferred onto the transfer target. The electrostatic image developer according to the present embodiment is applied as the electrostatic image developer.

  In the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, for example, the part including the developing unit may have a cartridge structure (process cartridge) that is detachable from the image forming apparatus. As the process cartridge, for example, A process cartridge that accommodates the electrostatic charge image developer according to the exemplary embodiment and includes a developing unit is preferably used.

  The image forming method according to the present embodiment contains a charging step for charging the image carrier, an electrostatic charge image forming step for forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and an electrostatic charge image developer. A developing step of developing the electrostatic image formed on the image carrier as a toner image with an electrostatic charge image developer, and a transfer step of transferring the toner image formed on the image carrier onto the transfer target; And a fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium. The electrostatic image developer according to the present embodiment is applied as the electrostatic image developer.

  Hereinafter, an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The main parts shown in the figure will be described, and the description of the other parts will be omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a four-tandem color image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a first to first electrophotographic method that outputs yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) images based on color-separated image data. Fourth image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K (image forming means) are provided. These image forming units (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “units”) 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K are arranged in parallel at a predetermined distance from each other in the horizontal direction. The units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K may be process cartridges that are detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus.

Above each of the units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K, an intermediate transfer belt 20 as an intermediate transfer member is extended through each unit. The intermediate transfer belt 20 is provided by being wound around a driving roller 22 and a support roller 24 that are in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt 20 that are spaced apart from each other from the left to the right in the drawing. The vehicle travels in the direction toward the unit 10K. A force is applied to the support roller 24 in a direction away from the drive roller 22 by a spring or the like (not shown), and tension is applied to the intermediate transfer belt 20 wound around the both. Further, an intermediate transfer member cleaning device 30 is provided on the side of the image carrier of the intermediate transfer belt 20 so as to face the driving roller 22.
Further, each of the developing devices (developing means) 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K of the units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K has yellow, magenta, cyan, and black contained in the toner cartridges 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K. The toner including the four color toners is supplied.

  Since the first to fourth units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K described above have the same configuration, here, the first image that forms the yellow image disposed on the upstream side in the intermediate transfer belt traveling direction is formed. The unit 10Y will be described as a representative. Note that the second to fourth components are denoted by reference numerals with magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) instead of yellow (Y) in the same parts as the first unit 10Y. Description of the units 10M, 10C, and 10K will be omitted.

The first unit 10Y includes a photoreceptor 1Y that functions as an image holding member. Around the photosensitive member 1Y, a charging roller 2Y for charging the surface of the photosensitive member 1Y to a predetermined potential, and the charged surface is exposed by a laser beam 3Y based on the color-separated image signal to form an electrostatic charge image. An exposure device (electrostatic image forming means) 3 for forming, a developing device (developing means) 4Y for supplying the charged toner to the electrostatic image and developing the electrostatic image, and transferring the developed toner image onto the intermediate transfer belt 20 A primary transfer roller 5Y (primary transfer unit) that performs the transfer and a photoconductor cleaning device (cleaning unit) 6Y that removes toner remaining on the surface of the photoconductor 1Y after the primary transfer are sequentially arranged.
The primary transfer roller 5Y is disposed inside the intermediate transfer belt 20, and is provided at a position facing the photoreceptor 1Y. Further, a bias power source (not shown) for applying a primary transfer bias is connected to each of the primary transfer rollers 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K. Each bias power source varies the transfer bias applied to each primary transfer roller under the control of a control unit (not shown).

Hereinafter, an operation of forming a yellow image in the first unit 10Y will be described. First, prior to the operation, the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y is charged to a potential of about −600V to −800V by the charging roller 2Y.
The photoreceptor 1Y is formed by laminating a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate (volume resistivity at 20 ° C .: 1 × 10 −6 Ωcm or less). This photosensitive layer usually has a high resistance (a resistance equivalent to that of a general resin), but has a property that the specific resistance of the portion irradiated with the laser beam changes when irradiated with the laser beam 3Y. Therefore, a laser beam 3Y is output to the surface of the charged photoreceptor 1Y via the exposure device 3 in accordance with yellow image data sent from a control unit (not shown). The laser beam 3Y is applied to the photosensitive layer on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y, whereby an electrostatic charge image of a yellow print pattern is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y.

The electrostatic charge image is an image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y by charging, and the specific resistance of the irradiated portion of the photosensitive layer is lowered by the laser beam 3Y, and the charged charge on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y flows. On the other hand, this is a so-called negative latent image formed by the charge remaining in the portion not irradiated with the laser beam 3Y.
The electrostatic charge image formed on the photoreceptor 1Y in this way is rotated to a predetermined development position as the photoreceptor 1Y travels. At this development position, the electrostatic charge image on the photoreceptor 1Y is visualized (developed image) by the developing device 4Y.

  In the developing device 4Y, for example, an electrostatic charge image developer according to the present embodiment including at least yellow toner and a carrier is accommodated. The yellow toner is triboelectrically charged by being agitated inside the developing device 4Y, and has a charge of the same polarity (negative polarity) as the charged charge on the photoreceptor 1Y, and a developer roll (developer holder). Is held on. As the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y passes through the developing device 4Y, the yellow toner is electrostatically attached to the latent image portion on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y, and the latent image is developed with the yellow toner. . The photoreceptor 1Y on which the yellow toner image is formed continues to run at a predetermined speed, and the toner image developed on the photoreceptor 1Y is conveyed to a predetermined primary transfer position.

When the yellow toner image on the photoreceptor 1Y is conveyed to the primary transfer, a primary transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer roller 5Y, and an electrostatic force from the photoreceptor 1Y toward the primary transfer roller 5Y acts on the toner image. Then, the toner image on the photoreceptor 1Y is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 20. The transfer bias applied at this time is a (+) polarity opposite to the polarity (−) of the toner, and is controlled to about +10 μA by the control unit (not shown) in the first unit 10Y, for example.
On the other hand, the toner remaining on the photoreceptor 1Y is removed and collected by the cleaning device 6Y.

Further, the primary transfer bias applied to the primary transfer rollers 5M, 5C, and 5K after the second unit 10M is also controlled according to the first unit.
Thus, the intermediate transfer belt 20 onto which the yellow toner image has been transferred by the first unit 10Y is sequentially conveyed through the second to fourth units 10M, 10C, and 10K, and the toner images of the respective colors are superimposed and transferred in a multiple manner. The

  The intermediate transfer belt 20 onto which the four color toner images have been transferred in multiple layers through the first to fourth units is arranged on the image transfer surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 20, the support roller 24 in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt 20. The secondary transfer roller (secondary transfer means) 26 is connected to a secondary transfer portion. On the other hand, the recording paper (transfer object) P is fed at a predetermined timing to the gap where the secondary transfer roller 26 and the intermediate transfer belt 20 are pressed against each other via the supply mechanism, and the secondary transfer bias is supported. Applied to the roller 24. The transfer bias applied at this time is a (−) polarity that is the same polarity as the polarity (−) of the toner, and an electrostatic force from the intermediate transfer belt 20 toward the recording paper P is applied to the toner image, so The toner image is transferred onto the recording paper P. Note that the secondary transfer bias at this time is determined according to the resistance detected by a resistance detecting means (not shown) for detecting the resistance of the secondary transfer portion, and is voltage-controlled.

  Thereafter, the recording paper P is sent to the pressure contact portions (nip portions) of the pair of fixing rolls in the fixing device (roll-type fixing unit) 28, and the toner image is fixed on the recording paper P, thereby forming a fixed image.

Examples of the transfer target to which the toner image is transferred include plain paper, OHP sheet, and the like used for electrophotographic copying machines and printers.
In order to further improve the smoothness of the image surface after fixing, it is desirable that the surface of the transfer target is also smooth. For example, coated paper in which the surface of plain paper is coated with resin, art paper for printing, etc. Preferably used.

The recording paper P on which the color image has been fixed is carried out toward the discharge unit, and a series of color image forming operations is completed.
The image forming apparatus exemplified above is configured to transfer the toner image onto the recording paper P via the intermediate transfer belt 20, but is not limited to this configuration, and the toner image is directly transferred from the photoreceptor. It may be a structure that is transferred to a recording sheet.

(Process cartridge, toner cartridge)
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a preferred example of a process cartridge containing an electrostatic charge image developer according to this embodiment. In the process cartridge 200, a charging roller 108, a developing device 111, a photoconductor cleaning device 113, an opening 118 for exposure, and an opening 117 for static elimination exposure are combined using a mounting rail 116 together with the photoconductor 107. , And integrated. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 300 denotes a transfer target.
The process cartridge 200 is detachable from an image forming apparatus including a transfer device 112, a fixing device 115, and other components not shown.

  The process cartridge 200 shown in FIG. 2 includes a charging device 108, a developing device 111, a cleaning device 113, an opening 118 for exposure, and an opening 117 for static elimination exposure. May be combined. In the process cartridge according to the present embodiment, in addition to the photosensitive member 107, the charging device 108, the developing device 111, the cleaning device (cleaning means) 113, the opening 118 for exposure, and the opening 117 for static elimination exposure. At least one selected from the group consisting of:

  Next, the toner cartridge according to this embodiment will be described. The toner cartridge according to the present exemplary embodiment is a toner cartridge that is detachably attached to the image forming apparatus and stores at least a replenishment electrostatic charge image developing toner to be supplied to a developing unit provided in the image forming apparatus.

  The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is an image forming apparatus having a configuration in which toner cartridges 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K are attached and detached, and the developing devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K are each developing device (color And a toner supply pipe (not shown). Further, when the amount of toner stored in the toner cartridge becomes low, the toner cartridge is replaced.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited only to the Example shown below.
In the examples, “parts” and “%” mean “parts by mass” and “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.

[Adjustment of binder resin dispersion (resin particle dispersion)]
-Preparation of binder resin dispersion (1) (adjustment of resin particle dispersion)-
・ Bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct 21.5 parts ・ Bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct 50.7 parts ・ Terephthalic acid 23.9 parts ・ Dodecenyl succinic anhydride 4.1 parts ・ Fumaric acid 10.6 parts After charging, the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. over 2 hours, and after confirming that the reaction system was uniformly stirred, 1.3 parts of dibutyltin oxide was added. Further, while removing the water produced, the temperature was raised from the same temperature to 240 ° C. over 5.5 hours, and the dehydration condensation reaction was continued at 240 ° C. for another 5 hours, so that the weight average molecular weight was 65,000. A polyester resin (1) was obtained.
Next, this was transferred in a molten state to Cavitron CD1010 (manufactured by Eurotech Co., Ltd.) at a rate of 100 g / min. A 0.37% by mass diluted ammonia water obtained by diluting reagent ammonia water with ion-exchanged water is placed in a separately prepared aqueous medium tank and heated at 120 ° C. with a heat exchanger at a rate of 0.1 liter per minute. And transferred to the Cavitron simultaneously with the polyester resin melt. The Cavitron was operated under conditions of a rotor rotation speed of 60 Hz and a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 to obtain a binder resin dispersion (1) having a solid content of 35.6%.

-Preparation of binder resin dispersion (2) (adjustment of resin particle dispersion)-
-Dimethyl dodecanedioate 145 parts-1,9-nonanediol 72 parts After charging the above ingredients into a flask and raising the temperature to 180 ° C over 1.5 hours, it was confirmed that the reaction system was uniformly stirred 0.6 parts of titanium tetrabutoxide was added. Further, while removing the water produced, the temperature was raised from the same temperature to 230 ° C. over 4 hours, and the dehydration condensation reaction was continued at 230 ° C. for another 2 hours, and the crystalline polyester resin having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 ( 2) was obtained.
Next, this was transferred in a molten state to Cavitron CD1010 (manufactured by Eurotech Co., Ltd.) at a rate of 100 g / min. A 0.37% by mass diluted ammonia water obtained by diluting reagent ammonia water with ion-exchanged water is placed in a separately prepared aqueous medium tank and heated at 120 ° C. with a heat exchanger at a rate of 0.1 liter per minute. And transferred to the Cavitron simultaneously with the polyester resin melt. The Cavitron was operated under the conditions of a rotor rotation speed of 60 Hz and a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 to obtain a binder resin dispersion (2) having a solid content of 30.4%.

-Preparation of binder resin dispersion (3)-
-Styrene 450 parts-n-butyl acrylate 157 parts-Acrylic acid 14 parts-Dodecanethiol 11 parts The above components were mixed and dissolved to prepare a solution. 12 parts by mass of an anionic surfactant (manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd., Dowfax) was dissolved in 257 parts of ion-exchanged water, and the above solution was added and dispersed and emulsified in a flask (monomer emulsion A). Furthermore, 1 part by mass of an anionic surfactant (manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Dowfax) was dissolved in 549 parts of ion-exchanged water and charged into a polymerization flask. The polymerization flask was sealed, a reflux tube was installed, the mixture was slowly stirred while injecting nitrogen, and the polymerization flask was heated to 75 ° C. with a water bath and held. 9 parts of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in 86 parts of ion-exchanged water and dropped into the polymerization flask via a metering pump over 20 minutes, and then the monomer emulsion A was added over 200 minutes through the metering pump. It was dripped. Thereafter, the polymerization flask was kept at 75 ° C. for 3.5 hours while continuing the stirring slowly to complete the polymerization. As a result, a binder resin dispersion (3) having a solid content of 36.4% by mass was obtained.

[Preparation of colorant particle dispersion]
・ Yellow pigment (Clariant, Hansa Yellow 2GX70) 45 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 5 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 180 parts The above ingredients are mixed and dissolved, and a homogenizer (IKA, Ultrata) (Lux T50) for 10 minutes to prepare a colorant particle dispersion having a volume average particle size of 170 nm and a solid content of 20.3% by mass.

[Preparation of release agent particle dispersion]
-Mold release agent (Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., FT105) 90 parts-Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical Co., Dowfax) 15 parts-Ion-exchanged water 240 parts The above ingredients are mixed together, and a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, After dispersing for 20 minutes using an ultra turrax T50), a release agent dispersion having a solid content of 27.6% by mass was prepared by applying to a circulating long-wave disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP).

[Preparation of UV absorber dispersion]
-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (1)-
・ Hydrogen-absorbing ultraviolet absorber (BASF, TINUVIN405, mp 75 ° C.) 50 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 17.5 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 182 parts , After dispersing for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50), the mixture was applied to a circulation type long-wave disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to disperse an ultraviolet absorber having a solid content of 21.5% by mass Liquid (1) was prepared.

-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (2)-
・ Hydrogen-absorbing UV absorber (BASF, TINUVIN479, mp 68 ° C.) 50 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 17.5 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 182 parts , After dispersing for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50), the mixture was applied to a circulation type long-wave disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to disperse an ultraviolet absorber having a solid content of 21.5% by mass Liquid (2) was prepared.

-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (3)-
・ Hydrogen-absorbing UV absorber (manufactured by BASF, TINUVIN328, mp 84 ° C by lot selection) 50 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 17.5 parts ・182 parts of ion-exchanged water The above components are mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP). A 21.5 mass% ultraviolet absorber dispersion (3) was prepared.

-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (4)-
・ Hydroxyl-absorbing UV absorber (Sipro Kasei Co., SESORB202, mp 64 ° C.) 50 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical Co., Dowfax) 17.5 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 182 parts Then, after being dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50), it is applied to a circulating long-wave disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP), an ultraviolet absorber having a solid content of 21.5% by mass. Dispersion (4) was prepared.

-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (5)-
・ Hydrogen absorber with hydroxyl group (BASF, TINUVIN328, mp 86 ° C used by lot selection) 50 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 17.5 parts ・182 parts of ion-exchanged water The above components are mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP). A 21.5 mass% ultraviolet absorber dispersion (5) was prepared.

-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (6)-
・ Hydrogen-absorbing UV absorber (manufactured by Sun Chemical Co., CYASORB 2337, mp 80) 50 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical Co., Dowfax) 17.5 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 182 parts above The components were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA, Ultra Turrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long-wave disperser (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) with a solid content of 21.5% by mass. An ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (6) was prepared.

-Preparation of UV absorber dispersion (7)-
-UV absorber having a hydroxyl group (BASF, TINUVIN405, mp 75 ° C) 50 parts-10% aqueous copper sulfate solution 6.0 parts-Anionic surfactant (Dowfax, Dow Fax) 17. 5 parts / Ion-exchanged water 182 parts The above components are mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then a circulating long-wave disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) To prepare an ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (7) having a solid content of 21.5% by mass and having no hydroxyl group.
The ultraviolet absorbent in the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (7) is an ultraviolet absorbent having no hydroxyl group in which the hydroxyl group is replaced with a proton (H +) by a copper ion.

[Preparation of light stabilizer dispersion]
-Preparation of light stabilizer particle dispersion (1)-
・ Hydroxyl stabilizer (Chemchula, Lowlite 62, m.p. 75 ° C used by lot selection) 90 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 15 parts ・ Ion exchange 270 parts of water The above ingredients were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA Corporation, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to obtain a solid content of 21. A 5% by weight light stabilizer dispersion (1) was prepared.

-Preparation of light stabilizer particle dispersion (2)-
・ Hydroxyl stabilizer (Chemchula, Lowlite 62, mp 68 ° C by lot selection) 90 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 15 parts ・ Ion exchange 270 parts of water The above ingredients were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA Corporation, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to obtain a solid content of 21. A 5% by weight light stabilizer dispersion (2) was prepared.

-Preparation of light stabilizer particle dispersion (3)-
・ Light stabilizer with hydroxyl group (BASF, TINUVIN152, mp 84 ° C by lot selection) 90 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 15 parts ・ Ion exchange 270 parts of water The above ingredients were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA Corporation, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to obtain a solid content of 21. A 5% by weight light stabilizer dispersion (3) was prepared.

-Preparation of light stabilizer particle dispersion (4)-
・ Light stabilizer with hydroxyl group (Chemchula, Lowlite 62, mp 64 ° C used by lot selection) 90 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 15 parts ・ Ion exchange 270 parts of water The above ingredients were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA Corporation, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to obtain a solid content of 21. A 5% by weight light stabilizer dispersion (4) was prepared.

-Preparation of light stabilizer particle dispersion (5)-
・ Hydroxyl stabilizer (BASF, TINUVIN152, mp 86 ° C by lot selection) 90 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 15 parts ・ Ion exchange 270 parts of water The above ingredients were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA Corporation, Ultra Tarrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long ultrasonic disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to obtain a solid content of 21. A 5% by weight light stabilizer dispersion (5) was prepared.

-Preparation of light stabilizer particle dispersion (6)-
・ Light stabilizer without hydroxyl group (ADEKA, ADK STAB LA-72, mp 82 ° C.) 90 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Dow Chemical, Dowfax) 15 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 270 parts The above components were mixed and dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA, Ultra Turrax T50), and then applied to a circulating long-wave disperser (NUS Seiki Seisakusho, RUS-600TCVP) to obtain a solid content of 21.5% by mass. A light stabilizer dispersion (6) was prepared.

[Production of toner particles]
(Toner (1))
-Production of toner particles (1)-
-Binder resin dispersion (1) 130.7 parts-Binder resin dispersion (2) 39.5 parts-Colorant particle dispersion 26.9 parts-Release agent particle dispersion 28.1 parts-Surface activity Agent (Dowfax, Dow Fax) 7 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water 660 parts In a round stainless steel flask, mix each component with a homogenizer (IKA, Ultra Turrax T50). scatter. Thereafter, 13 parts of a 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was added to the dispersion using a water bath, and the contents in the flask were stirred. After confirming that the particles were uniformly dispersed, the mixture was stirred using a three-one motor (BLh300 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) at a stirring rotation speed of 150 rpm, and then heated and stirred to 45 ° C. at a heating rate of 0.5 ° C./min. And held at 45 ° C. for 60 minutes. Thereafter, 65.3 parts of an additional binder resin dispersion (1) was added and stirred for 60 minutes. When the obtained contents were observed with an optical microscope, it was confirmed that aggregated particles having a particle diameter of 4.0 μm were generated. After adding 6.0 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution, pH was adjusted to 7.5 with 0.8 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Thereafter, when the temperature was raised to 85 ° C., 23.4 parts of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added, and the temperature was further raised to fuse the aggregated particles at 95 ° C. over 5 hours. After cooling, The resultant was filtered, sufficiently washed with ion exchange water, and then dried to obtain toner particles (1) having a volume average particle diameter of 5.1 μm.

-Production of Toner (1)-
Commercially available fumed silica RX50 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter D50: 40 nm) was prepared.
To 100 parts of the obtained toner particles (1), 3 parts of fumed silica RX50 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter D50: 40 nm) is added as an external additive, and the peripheral speed is 45 m / min using a Henschel mixer. After blending for 10 minutes at s, coarse particles were removed using a sieve of 45 μm mesh to obtain toner (1).

(Toner (2))
-Production of toner particles (2)-
In the production of the toner particles (1), the same method is used except that 10.7 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution is added and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) is added when the temperature reaches 80 ° C. And toner particles (2) were obtained.

-Production of Toner (2)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (2) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain a toner (2).

(Toner (3))
-Production of toner particles (3)-
In the preparation of the toner particles (1), the same method is used except that 2.3 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution is added and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) is added when the temperature reaches 80 ° C. And toner particles (3) were obtained.

-Production of Toner (3)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (3) were used in place of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (3).

(Toner (4))
-Production of toner particles (4)-
The toner particles (1) were prepared in the same manner except that 10.7 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 90 ° C. Toner particles (4) were obtained.

-Production of Toner (4)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (4) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (4).

(Toner (5))
-Production of toner particles (5)-
In the production of the toner particles (1), the same method is used except that 2.3 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution is added and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) is added when the temperature reaches 90 ° C. And toner particles (5) were obtained.

-Production of Toner (5)-
Toner (5) was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner (1) except that toner particles (5) were used instead of toner particles (1).

(Toner (6))
-Production of toner particles (6)-
Toner particles (1) were produced in the same manner except that a 10% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution to obtain toner particles (6).

-Production of Toner (6)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (6) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (6).

(Toner (7))
-Production of toner particles (7)-
Preparation of toner particles (2) was carried out in the same manner except that a 10% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution to obtain toner particles (7).

-Production of Toner (7)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (7) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (7).

(Toner (8))
-Production of toner particles (8)-
Toner particles (8) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (3) except that 10% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (8)-
Toner (8) was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner (1) except that toner particles (8) were used instead of toner particles (1).

(Toner (9))
-Production of toner particles (9)-
Preparation of toner particles (4) was carried out in the same manner except that a 10% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution to obtain toner particles (9).

-Production of Toner (9)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (9) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain a toner (9).

(Toner (10))
-Production of toner particles (10)-
Toner particles (10) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (5) except that 10% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (10)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (10) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain a toner (10).

(Toner (11))
-Production of toner particles (11)-
Toner particles (11) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (1) except that a 10% iron (II) chloride aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (11)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (11) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain the toner (11).

(Toner (12))
-Production of toner particles (12)-
Toner particles (12) were produced in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (2) except that 10% iron (II) chloride aqueous solution was used instead of 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (12)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (12) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (12).

(Toner (13))
-Production of toner particles (13)-
Toner particles (13) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (3) except that a 10% iron (II) chloride aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (13)-
Toner (1) was prepared in the same manner except that toner particles (13) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (13).

(Toner (14))
-Production of toner particles (14)-
Toner particles (14) were produced in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (4) except that 10% iron (II) chloride aqueous solution was used instead of 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Preparation of Toner (14)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (14) were used in place of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (14).

(Toner (15))
-Production of toner particles (15)-
Toner particles (15) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (5) except that a 10% iron (II) chloride aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (15)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (15) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (15).

(Toner (16))
-Production of toner particles (16)-
Amorphous polyester resin (1) 70 parts Crystalline polyester resin (1) 12 parts Yellow pigment (manufactured by Clariant, Hansa Yellow 2GX70) 5.5 parts Mold release agent (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., FT105) 8 parts and 10% aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate 13 parts After the above components were heated to 85 ° C and melted, 6.0 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added, and the pH was adjusted to 7. with 0.8M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Adjusted to 5. Thereafter, 23.4 parts of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added, and then melt kneaded with an extruder at a set temperature of 150 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 280 rpm, and a supply speed of 220 kg / h. After cooling, coarsely pulverized and then finely pulverized by a jet mill, and the pulverized product was further classified by air to obtain toner particles (16) having a volume average particle size of 6.4 μm.

-Production of Toner (16)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (16) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (16).

(Toner (17))
-Production of toner particles (17)-
Toner particles (17) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (1) except that a 10% calcium chloride aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (17)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (17) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (17).

(Toner (18))
-Production of toner particles (18)-
-Binder resin dispersion (3) 150 parts-Colorant particle dispersion 26.9 parts-Release agent dispersion 28.1 parts-Surfactant (Dowfax, Dow Fax) 7 parts-Ion exchange water 660 parts The above components are dispersed in a round stainless steel flask using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Turrax T50) so that the components are sufficiently mixed. Thereafter, 13 parts of a 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was added to the dispersion using a water bath, and the contents in the flask were stirred. After confirming that the particles were uniformly dispersed, the mixture was stirred using a three-one motor (BLh300 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) at a stirring rotation speed of 150 rpm, and then heated and stirred to 45 ° C. at a heating rate of 0.5 ° C./min. And held at 45 ° C. for 60 minutes. Thereafter, 74.9 parts of an additional binder resin dispersion (3) was added and stirred for 60 minutes. When the obtained contents were observed with an optical microscope, it was confirmed that aggregated particles having a particle diameter of 4.0 μm were generated. After adding 6.0 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution, pH was adjusted to 7.5 with 0.8 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Thereafter, when the temperature was raised to 85 ° C., 23.4 parts of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added, and the temperature was further raised to fuse the aggregated particles at 95 ° C. over 5 hours. After cooling, The resultant was filtered, sufficiently washed with ion exchange water, and then dried to obtain toner particles (18) having a volume average particle diameter of 5.1 μm.

-Preparation of Toner (18)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (18) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (18).

(Toner (19))
-Production of toner particles (19)-
-Binder resin dispersion (1) 153.3 parts-Colorant particle dispersion 26.9 parts-Release agent dispersion 28.1 parts-Surfactant (Dowfax, Dowfax) 7 parts-Ion 660 parts of exchanged water The above components are dispersed in a round stainless steel flask using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Turrax T50) so that the components are sufficiently mixed. Thereafter, 13 parts of a 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was added to the dispersion using a water bath, and the contents in the flask were stirred. After confirming that the particles were uniformly dispersed, the mixture was stirred using a three-one motor (BLh300 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) at a stirring rotation speed of 150 rpm, and then heated and stirred to 45 ° C. at a heating rate of 0.5 ° C./min. And held at 45 ° C. for 60 minutes. Thereafter, 76.7 parts of an additional binder resin dispersion (1) was added and stirred for 60 minutes. When the obtained contents were observed with an optical microscope, it was confirmed that aggregated particles having a particle diameter of 4.0 μm were generated. After adding 6.0 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution, pH was adjusted to 7.5 with 0.8 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Thereafter, when the temperature was raised to 85 ° C., 23.4 parts of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added, and the temperature was further raised to fuse the aggregated particles at 95 ° C. over 5 hours. After cooling, The resultant was filtered, sufficiently washed with ion exchange water, and then dried to obtain toner particles (19) having a volume average particle diameter of 5.1 μm.

-Preparation of Toner (19)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (19) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (19).

(Toner (20))
-Production of toner particles (20)-
In the preparation of the toner particles (1), the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (2) is used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1), and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (2) is added when the temperature reaches 75 ° C. A toner particle (20) was obtained in the same manner as above.

-Production of Toner (20)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (20) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (20).

(Toner (21))
-Production of toner particles (21)-
In the preparation of the toner particles (1), the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (3) is used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1), and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (3) is added when the temperature reaches 90 ° C. A toner particle (21) was obtained in the same manner as above.

-Production of Toner (21)-
The production of the toner (1) was performed in the same manner except that the toner particles (21) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain the toner (21).

(Toner (22))
-Production of toner particles (22)-
In the production of the toner particles (1), the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (4) is used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1), and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (4) is added when the temperature reaches 68 ° C. A toner particle (22) was obtained in the same manner as above.

-Preparation of Toner (22)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (22) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (22).

(Toner (23))
-Production of toner particles (23)-
In the production of the toner particles (1), the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (5) is used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1), and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (5) is added when the temperature reaches 90 ° C. A toner particle (23) was obtained in the same manner as above.

-Production of Toner (23)-
Toner (1) was prepared in the same manner except that toner particles (23) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (23).

(Toner (24))
-Production of toner particles (24)-
-Binder resin dispersion (1) 130.7 parts-Binder resin dispersion (2) 39.5 parts-Colorant particle dispersion 26.9 parts-Release agent particle dispersion 28.1 parts-Surface activity 7 parts, UV absorber dispersion (1) 23.4 parts, ion-exchanged water 660 parts The above ingredients were homogenizer (IKA, Ultrata) in a round stainless steel flask. Disperse each component in Lux T50) so that they are thoroughly mixed. Thereafter, 13 parts of a 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was added to the dispersion using a water bath, and the contents in the flask were stirred. After confirming that the particles were uniformly dispersed, the mixture was stirred using a three-one motor (BLh300 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) at a stirring rotation speed of 150 rpm, and then heated and stirred to 45 ° C. at a heating rate of 0.5 ° C./min. And held at 45 ° C. for 60 minutes. Thereafter, 65.3 parts of an additional binder resin dispersion (1) was added and stirred for 60 minutes. When the obtained contents were observed with an optical microscope, it was confirmed that aggregated particles having a particle diameter of 4.0 μm were generated. After adding 6.0 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution, pH was adjusted to 7.5 with 0.8 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Thereafter, the temperature is increased, and the aggregated particles are fused at 95 ° C. for 5 hours, cooled, filtered, sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, dried, and toner particles having a volume average particle diameter of 5.1 μm ( 24) was obtained.

-Preparation of Toner (24)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (24) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (24).

(Toner (25))
-Production of toner particles (25)-
Toner particles (25) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (24) except that 10.7 parts of a 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added.

-Preparation of Toner (25)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (25) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (25).

(Toner (26))
-Production of toner particles (26)-
Toner particles (26) were produced in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (24) except that 1.7 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added.

-Production of Toner (26)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (26) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (26).

(Toner (27))
-Production of toner particles (27)-
Toner particles (27) were produced in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (24) except that 10.3 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added.

-Production of Toner (27)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (27) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (27).

(Toner (28))
-Production of toner particles (28)-
Preparation of toner particles (24) was carried out in the same manner as above except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 80 ° C. to obtain toner particles (28).

-Production of Toner (28)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (28) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (28).

(Toner (29))
-Production of toner particles (29)-
Toner particles (28) were produced in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (28) except that 1.4 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added.

-Preparation of Toner (29)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (29) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (29).

(Toner (30))
-Production of toner particles (30)-
Preparation of toner particles (24) was carried out in the same manner except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 90 ° C. to obtain toner particles (30).

-Production of Toner (30)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (30) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (30).

(Toner (31))
-Production of toner particles (31)-
Preparation of toner particles (30) was performed in the same manner except that 1.2 parts of 30% EDTA aqueous solution was added to obtain toner particles (31).

-Production of Toner (31)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (31) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (31).

(Toner (32))
-Production of toner particles (32)-
Preparation of toner particles (24) was carried out in the same manner except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 95 ° C. to obtain toner particles (32).

-Preparation of Toner (32)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (32) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (32).

(Toner (33))
-Production of toner particles (33)-
In the production of the toner particles (25), the same procedure was followed except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 95 ° C. to obtain toner particles (33).

-Production of Toner (33)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (33) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (33).

(Toner (34))
-Production of toner particles (34)-
Preparation of toner particles (26) was carried out in the same manner as above except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 95 ° C. to obtain toner particles (34).

-Preparation of Toner (34)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (34) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (34).

(Toner (35))
-Production of toner particles (35)-
Preparation of toner particles (27) was carried out in the same manner as above except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) was added when the temperature reached 95 ° C. to obtain toner particles (35).

-Preparation of Toner (35)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (35) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (35).

(Toner (36))
-Production of toner particles (36)-
Toner particles (1) were produced in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1) to obtain toner particles (36).

-Production of Toner (36)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (36) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (36).

(Toner (37))
-Production of toner particles (37)-
Toner particles (37) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (2) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (37)-
Toner (1) was prepared in the same manner except that toner particles (37) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (37).

(Toner (38))
-Production of toner particles (38)-
Toner particles (38) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (3) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (38)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (38) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (38).

(Toner (39))
-Production of toner particles (39)-
Toner particles (39) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (4) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (39)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (39) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (39).

(Toner (40))
-Production of toner particles (40)-
Toner particles (5) were produced in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1) to obtain toner particles (40).

-Preparation of Toner (40)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (40) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (40).

(Toner (41))
-Production of toner particles (41)-
Toner particles (41) were produced in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (6) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (41)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (41) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (41).

(Toner (42))
-Production of toner particles (42)-
Toner particles (42) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (7) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (42)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (42) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (42).

(Toner (43))
-Production of toner particles (43)-
Toner particles (43) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (8) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (43)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (43) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (43).

(Toner (44))
-Production of toner particles (44)-
Toner particles (44) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (9) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (44)-
Toner (44) was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner (1) except that toner particles (44) were used instead of toner particles (1).

(Toner (45))
-Production of toner particles (45)-
Toner particles (45) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (10) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (45)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (45) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (45).

(Toner (46))
-Production of toner particles (46)-
Toner particles (46) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (11) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (46)-
Toner (1) was prepared in the same manner except that toner particles (46) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (46).

(Toner (47))
-Production of toner particles (47)-
Toner particles (47) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (12) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (47)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (47) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (47).

(Toner (48))
-Production of toner particles (48)-
Toner particles (48) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (13) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (48)-
Toner (1) was prepared in the same manner except that toner particles (48) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (48).

(Toner (49))
-Production of toner particles (49)-
Toner particles (49) were produced in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (14) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (49)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (49) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (49).

(Toner (50))
-Production of toner particles (50)-
Toner particles (15) were produced in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1) to obtain toner particles (50).

-Production of toner (50)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (50) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (50).

(Toner (51))
-Production of toner particles (51)-
Toner particles (51) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (16) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (51)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (51) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain the toner (51).

(Toner (52))
-Production of toner particles (52)-
Toner particles (52) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (17) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (52)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (52) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (52).

(Toner (53))
-Production of toner particles (53)-
Toner particles (53) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (18) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (53)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (53) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain a toner (53).

(Toner (54))
-Production of toner particles (54)-
Toner particles (54) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (19) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (54)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (54) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (54).

(Toner (55))
-Production of toner particles (55)-
Toner particles (55) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (20) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (2) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (55)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (55) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (55).

(Toner (56))
-Production of toner particles (56)-
A toner particle (56) was obtained in the same manner as in the production of the toner particle (21) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (3) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (56)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (56) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (56).

(Toner (57))
-Production of toner particles (57)-
Toner particles (57) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (22) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (4) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (57)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (57) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (57).

(Toner (58))
-Production of toner particles (58)-
Toner particles (58) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner particles (23) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (5) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (58)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (58) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (58).

(Toner (59))
-Production of toner particles (59)-
In the production of the toner particles (24), toner particles (59) were obtained by the same method except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (59)-
Toner (59) was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner (1) except that toner particles (59) were used instead of toner particles (1).

(Toner (60))
-Production of toner particles (60)-
In the production of the toner particles (25), toner particles (60) were obtained in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (60)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (60) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (60).

(Toner (61))
-Production of toner particles (61)-
In the production of the toner particles (26), toner particles (61) were obtained in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (61)-
The production of the toner (1) was carried out in the same manner except that the toner particles (61) were used instead of the toner particles (1) to obtain a toner (61).

(Toner (62))
-Production of toner particles (62)-
In the production of the toner particles (27), toner particles (62) were obtained in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (62)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (62) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (62).

(Toner (63))
-Production of toner particles (63)-
In the production of the toner particles (28), toner particles (63) were obtained by the same method except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (63)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (63) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (63).

(Toner (64))
-Production of toner particles (64)-
In the production of the toner particles (29), toner particles (64) were obtained in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (64)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (64) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (64).

(Toner (65))
-Production of toner particles (65)-
In the production of the toner particles (30), toner particles (65) were obtained by the same method except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (65)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (65) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (65).

(Toner (66))
-Production of toner particles (66)-
In the production of the toner particles (31), toner particles (66) were obtained by the same method except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (66)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (66) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (66).

(Toner (67))
-Production of toner particles (67)-
In the production of the toner particles (32), toner particles (67) were obtained by the same method except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Preparation of Toner (67)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (67) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (67).

(Toner (68))
-Production of toner particles (68)-
In the production of the toner particles (33), toner particles (68) were obtained in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (68)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (68) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (68).

(Toner (69))
-Production of toner particles (69)-
In the production of the toner particles (34), toner particles (69) were obtained by the same method except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (69)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (69) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (69).

(Toner (70))
-Production of toner particles (70)-
In the production of the toner particles (35), toner particles (70) were obtained in the same manner except that the light stabilizer dispersion (1) was added instead of the ultraviolet absorber dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (70)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (70) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (70).

(Toner (71))
-Production of toner particles (71)-
In the preparation of the toner particles (1), the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (6) is used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1), and the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (6) is added when the temperature reaches 80 ° C. A toner particle (71) was obtained in the same manner as above.

-Production of Toner (71)-
Toner (71) was prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of toner (1) except that toner particles (71) were used instead of toner particles (1).

(Toner (72))
-Production of toner particles (72)-
Toner particles (72) were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner particles (1) except that 1.3 parts of 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution was added.

-Preparation of Toner (72)-
In preparation of the toner (1), the toner particles (72) were used instead of the toner particles (1), and aluminum oxide AEROXIDE AluC (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter D50 instead of fumed silica RX50). : Toner (72) was obtained in the same manner except that 13 nm) was used.

(Toner (73))
-Production of toner particles (73)-
In the production of the toner particles (28), an aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) prepared to 0.3 M in the ion exchange water used when the aggregated particles are washed with ion exchange water. Toner particles (73) were obtained except that 5.0 g of the toner was added.

-Production of Toner (73)-
Toner (73) was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of toner (1) except that toner particles (73) were used instead of toner particles (1).

(Toner (74))
-Production of toner particles (74)-
Preparation of toner particles (1) was performed in the same manner except that 10% titanium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution, and toner particles (74) were obtained.

-Production of Toner (74)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (74) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (74).

(Toner (75))
-Production of toner particles (75)-
A toner particle (75) was obtained in the same manner as in the production of the toner particle (1) except that the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (7) was used instead of the ultraviolet absorbent dispersion (1).

-Production of Toner (75)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (75) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (75).

(Toner (76))
-Production of toner particles (76)-
A toner particle (76) was obtained in the same manner as in the production of the toner particles (56) except that the light stabilizer dispersion (6) was used instead of the light stabilizer dispersion (3).

-Production of Toner (76)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (76) were used instead of toner particles (1) to obtain toner (76).

(Toner (77))
-Production of toner particles (77)-
Toner particles (77) were produced in the same manner as in the production of toner particles (36) except that 1.3 parts of 10% aqueous aluminum sulfate was added.

-Production of Toner (77)-
In the production of toner (1), toner particles (77) were used instead of toner particles (1), aluminum oxide AEROXIDE AluC (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter D50 instead of fumed silica RX50) : Toner (77) was obtained in the same manner except that 13 nm) was used.

(Toner (78))
-Production of toner particles (78)-
In the production of the toner particles (63), an aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) prepared to 0.3 M in the ion exchange water used when washing the aggregated particles with ion exchange water. Toner particles (78) were obtained except that 5.0 g of the toner was added.

-Production of Toner (78)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (78) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (78).

(Toner (79))
-Production of toner particles (79)-
Toner particles (79) were obtained in the same manner as in the production of the toner particles (36) except that a 10% titanium sulfate aqueous solution was used instead of the 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.

-Production of Toner (79)-
Toner (1) was produced in the same manner except that toner particles (79) were used instead of toner particles (1), to obtain toner (79).

[Examples 1 to 51, Comparative Examples 1 to 26]
The toners according to Tables 1 to 4 were used as Examples and Comparative Examples.

[Evaluation]
(Toner analysis evaluation)
-The pH of the toner soluble matter in THF was examined according to the method described above.
-Content C (m) [mass%] of metal elements (Al, Mg, Fe, Ca), carbon content C (c) [mass%] and oxygen content C (o) of toner (toner particles) ) [Mass%] was examined according to the method described above.

(Fixed image evaluation)
-Production of developer-
To 5 parts of the toner obtained in each example, 100 parts of a carrier was added, stirred at 40 rpm for 20 minutes using a V-blender, and sieved with a sieve having a 177 μm mesh to obtain a developer.

In addition, the following were used as a carrier.
Ferrite particles (volume average particle diameter: 50 μm) 100 parts toluene 14 parts styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer 2 parts (component ratio: 90/10, Mw = 80000)
Carbon black (R330: manufactured by Cabot Corporation) 0.2 part First, the above components excluding ferrite particles are stirred with a stirrer for 10 minutes to prepare a dispersed coating solution, and then the coating solution and ferrite particles are combined. After putting in a vacuum degassing type kneader and stirring at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, the carrier was obtained by further depressurizing while heating and degassing and drying.

-Image sample preparation for evaluation-
An image sample for evaluation was prepared as follows, and this was used to evaluate light resistance and heat resistance tests and bleeding.
The developer of the Docu Center Color 400 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. as an image sample preparation apparatus for evaluation was set on the obtained developer. Then, C2 paper manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. was used as a recording medium, and a 1 inch square (2.54 cm × 2.54 cm) solid image was formed by an image sample preparation apparatus for evaluation. Specifically, the image was formed by adjusting the toner adhesion amount (toner applied amount on the recording medium) to 4.5 g / m ² when a solid image (density 100%) was formed. .
The image forming process was performed in an environment of 23 ° C. and 55% RH, and an image was formed at a resolution of 800 dpi.

-Light and heat resistance test-
The color gamut difference (ΔE) of the image samples for evaluation before and after the test was observed with an X-Rite 938 manufactured by a colorimeter X-Rite. ΔE is obtained by the following equation.
Formula: ΔE = [(L * 1-L * 2) 2+ (a * 1-a * 2) 2+ (b * 1-b * 2) 2] 1/2
L * 1, a * 1, and b * 1 in the above formula represent L *, a *, and b * before irradiation. Similarly, those after irradiation are L * 2, a * 2, and b * 2. is there.
The evaluation criteria are as follows. When ΔE is small, it can be said that the light resistance is high because the color change is small without fading.
G1: Less than 5 G2: 5 or more and less than 10 G3: 10 or more and less than 15 G4: 15 or more and less than 20 G5: 20 or more

Here, the irradiation test was performed using SUNTEST CPS + manufactured by ATLAS under the following conditions.
Light source: Water-cooled xenon lamp Intensity: 60 W / m ² (300 to 400 nm)
Irradiation time: 960 hours Temperature and humidity: 50 ° C, 50% RH

(Bleed evaluation)
The evaluation image samples after the light resistance and heat resistance tests were visually evaluated for the presence or absence of bleeding.
G1: No bleeding is observed at all G2: Bleeding is slightly observed, but there is no influence on the image quality, but within the allowable range G3: Bleeding is observed more than G2, but within the allowable range G4: There is an influence on the image quality Bleeding occurs that cannot be ignored and is outside the allowable range

  From the above results, it can be seen that in this example, better results were obtained for the light resistance and heat resistance test and bleed evaluation than in the comparative example.

1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K, 107 photoconductor (an example of an image carrier)
2Y, 2M, 2C, 2K, 108 Charging roller (an example of charging means)
3Y, 3M, 3C, 3K Laser beam 3, 110 Exposure device (an example of electrostatic charge image forming means)
4Y, 4M, 4C, 4K, 111 developing device (an example of developing means)
5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K Primary transfer rollers 6Y, 6M, 6C, 6K, 113 Photoconductor cleaning devices 8Y, 8M, 8C, 8K Developer cartridges 10Y, 10M, 10C, 10K Image forming unit 20 Intermediate transfer belt 22 Drive Roller 24 Support roller 26 Secondary transfer roller (an example of transfer means)
28, 115 Fixing device (an example of fixing means)
30 Intermediate transfer member cleaning device 112 Transfer device 116 Mounting rail 117 Opening 118 for static elimination exposure Opening 200 for exposure Process cartridge,
P, 300 Recording paper (transfer object)

Claims (10)

A binder resin, at least one selected from an ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group and a light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and at least one metal element selected from Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca,
The pH of the soluble component when the toner is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less,
In the toner, the metal element content C (m) [mass%], the carbon content C (c) [mass%], and the oxygen content C (o) [mass%] are represented by the following relational expression ( An electrostatic charge image developing toner satisfying 1).
Relational expression (1) 0.01 <C (m) / (C (c) + C (o)) <0.10 Having toner particles,
The toner particles are at least one selected from the binder resin, the ultraviolet absorber having a hydroxyl group, and the light stabilizer having a hydroxyl group, and at least one selected from the Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, comprising a seed metal element.   The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the metal element is Al.   The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin includes a polyester resin.   The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester resin.   An electrostatic image developer comprising at least the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1. Containing the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1;
A toner cartridge to be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus. A developing means for accommodating the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 6 and developing the electrostatic charge image formed on the image holding member as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer,
A process cartridge attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus. An image carrier,
Charging means for charging the image carrier;
An electrostatic charge image forming means for forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
Developing means for containing the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 6 and developing the electrostatic charge image formed on the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer;
Transfer means for transferring a toner image formed on the image carrier onto a transfer target;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium;
An image forming apparatus comprising: A charging step for charging the image carrier;
An electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
A developing step of developing the electrostatic image formed on the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic image developer according to claim 6;
A transfer step of transferring a toner image formed on the image carrier onto a transfer target;
A fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium;
An image forming method comprising: