JP2012532012A - 糖及び糖アルコールを転換するためのプロセス及び反応器システム - Google Patents
糖及び糖アルコールを転換するためのプロセス及び反応器システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012532012A JP2012532012A JP2012517895A JP2012517895A JP2012532012A JP 2012532012 A JP2012532012 A JP 2012532012A JP 2012517895 A JP2012517895 A JP 2012517895A JP 2012517895 A JP2012517895 A JP 2012517895A JP 2012532012 A JP2012532012 A JP 2012532012A
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- hydrogenation catalyst
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は2009年6月30日付の米国仮特許出願第61/221,942号の利益を主張する。
一般的には、水素化反応は提唱の反応の熱力学に好適な温度で実行すべきである。水素化温度及び水素化圧力の条件は、液相の反応又は気相の反応のいずれかを維持するように選択できる。一般的には、好適な水素化温度の範囲は約80℃ないし約180℃であり、水素化圧力の範囲は約100psiのゲージ圧ないし約3000psiのゲージ圧である。この範囲内では、圧力が高くなると、水素溶解度が液相において増加するように、反応速度が速くなり、触媒失活が場合によっては遅くなるが、圧力は設備及び動作コストによって制限されうる。したがって、所望の動作圧力は多くの場合は、様々な因子を重み付けすることによって決定され、一般的には最も経済的に好適なプロセスとなるように選択される。
好適な供給材料の溶液はバイオマス由来の水溶性の糖を含む。本明細書中で用いられるように、用語「バイオマス(biomass)」は、限定しないが、植物(葉、根、種、及び茎など)によって産生される有機材料、ならびに微生物及び動物の代謝廃棄物のことである。通常のバイオマス供給源は:(1)トウモロコシの茎、わら、種の外皮、サトウキビのかす、バガス、堅果の殻、ならびにウシ、家禽類、及びブタ由来の堆肥といった農業廃棄物;(2)木材又は樹皮、おがくず、材木の残骸、及び製材の切屑っといった木質材料;(3)紙くず及び庭の刈り取った草といった都市廃棄物;及び、(4)ポプラ、ヤナギ、スイッチグラス、アルファルファ、プレイリーブルーストリーム(prairie bluestream)、トウモロコシ、ダイズ等といったエネルギー作物;を含む。供給材料は現在既知であるか、あるいは将来的に開発される任意の手段によってバイオマスから製造でき、他のプロセスの副産物に完全になりうる。
以下の水素化の反応器システム及びプロセスは状況に応じて提供される。水素化反応は好適な設計の任意の反応器において実行でき、限定しないが、設計、寸法、幾何学的形状、流速等に応じて、連続流動式、回分式、半回分式、又は他系統式の反応器を含む。反応器システムは更に、流動式触媒床システム、振動床システム、固定床システム、移動床システム、又は上述の組合せを用いることができる。好適には、本発明は安定状態の平衡状態で連続流動式システムを用いて実行される。
連続流動式システムにおいて、反応器システムは水溶性の供給材料の溶液を受けるように構成した水素化反応器と、熱交換器のような反応器の温度を成業する方法とを含む。反応器は好適には、反応器から生成物の流動を除去するように構成した出口を具える。反応器システムは更には、水素又は洗浄媒体といった補助的な材料を反応器システムに誘導できる更なる入口を具えることができる。
水素化反応器内に充填した触媒は、活性状態になるように還元しなければならない。触媒の生成時に触媒は還元でき、特定の用途においては、空気に曝露される場合に触媒を安定化させるように低濃度の酸素で不活性化できる。還元ステップの目的は任意の酸化した触媒(例えば、ルテニウム)を完全に還元した状態に転換することである。
水素化時に、炭化質沈殿物は水素化触媒の表面に構築される。この沈殿物は水素化供給原料及び生成物の微量な副反応を通して形成される。これらの沈殿物が蓄積すると、表面での触媒部位へのアクセスが制限され、水素化の性能が減衰し、ポリオール生成物の転換及び収量が少なくなる。触媒活性化の喪失を保証するために反応温度は増加する。温度は一般的には、約150℃まで上昇するのみであり、いかなる場合も約180℃を超えない。約150℃を超える温度で、副反応速度が増加し、触媒失活が顕著に増加する。
Claims (15)
- 水素化触媒を再生するための方法であって:
炭化質沈殿物を含む水素化触媒を提供するステップと;
前記水素化触媒を洗浄媒体で洗浄するステップと;
前記水素化触媒を水素と接触させるステップと;
前記水素化触媒にわたり水素の流動を維持するステップと;
前記水素化触媒の圧力を、略大気圧ないし約3000psiのゲージ圧の範囲の再生圧力に調節するステップと;
前記水素化触媒の温度を、約250℃ないし約400℃の範囲の再生温度に調節するステップと;
を具え、炭化質沈殿物が前記水素化触媒から除去され、水素化が再開可能なように前記水素化触媒が再生されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、約100℃未満の洗浄温度で、前記水素化触媒が前記洗浄媒体で洗浄されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記洗浄媒体が液相にあり、前記洗浄媒体が水、アルコール、ケトン、環状エーテル、水溶性の含酸素炭化水素、及びその任意の2以上の組合せからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記水素化触媒の温度が1時間につき約20℃ないし1時間につき約100℃の割合で前記再生温度に調節され、前記再生温度が少なくとも約8時間維持されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記再生圧力の範囲が約600psiのゲージ圧ないし約1500psiのゲージ圧であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記炭化質沈殿物のうち約98%が前記水素化触媒から除去されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記水素化触媒が担体、ならびにFe、Ru、Os、Ir、Co、Rh、Pt、Pd、Ni、Re、Cu、その少なくとも2の合金、及びその少なくとも2の組合せからなる群から選択される触媒材を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法において、前記水素化触媒が炭素担体を含み、前記水素化触媒が酸素のない環境を維持するように水素の存在下で洗浄されることを特徴とする方法。
- 糖の水素化及び炭化質沈殿物を含む水素化触媒のインライン式再生のための方法であって:
液相又は気相において水と糖とを含む水溶液を、水素化触媒の存在下において水素化温度及び水素化圧力で水素と触媒反応させるステップと;
前記水溶液を洗浄媒体と置換するステップと;
前記水素化触媒を水素と接触させるステップと;
前記水素化触媒にわたり水素の流動を維持するステップと;
前記水素化触媒の圧力を、略大気圧ないし約3000psiのゲージ圧の範囲の再生圧力に調節するステップと;
前記水素化触媒の温度を、約250℃ないし約400℃の範囲の再生温度に調節するステップであって、前記炭化質沈殿物が前記水素化触媒から除去され、水素化が再開可能なように前記水素化触媒が再生されるステップと;
前記水素化触媒を前記水素化温度及び前記水素化圧力に戻すステップと;
前記水溶液を、水素化触媒の存在下において前記水素化温度及び前記水素化圧力で水素と触媒反応させるステップと;
を具えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項9に記載の方法において、約100℃未満の洗浄温度で、前記水素化触媒が前記洗浄媒体で洗浄されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記洗浄媒体が前記液相にあり、前記洗浄媒体が水、アルコール、ケトン、環状エーテル、水溶性の含酸素炭化水素、及びその任意の2以上の組合せからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記水素化触媒の温度が1時間につき約20℃ないし1時間につき約100℃の割合で前記再生温度に調節され、前記再生温度が少なくとも約8時間維持され、前記再生圧力の範囲が約600psiのゲージ圧ないし約1500psiのゲージ圧であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記炭化質沈殿物のうち約98%が前記水素化触媒から除去されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、前記水素化触媒が担体、ならびにFe、Ru、Os、Ir、Co、Rh、Pt、Pd、Ni、Re、Cu、その少なくとも2の合金、及びその少なくとも2の組合せからなる群から選択される触媒物質を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法において、前記水素化触媒が炭素担体であり、前記水素化触媒が酸素のない環境を維持するように水素の存在下で洗浄されることを特徴とする方法。
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- 2010-06-30 WO PCT/US2010/040644 patent/WO2011002912A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2010-06-30 JP JP2012517895A patent/JP2012532012A/ja active Pending
- 2010-06-30 IN IN322DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00322A/en unknown
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- 2010-06-30 KR KR1020127002457A patent/KR20120098584A/ko active Pending
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US20110009614A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
WO2011002912A3 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
BRPI1010126A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
CN102802795A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
ZA201200715B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
KR20120098584A (ko) | 2012-09-05 |
WO2011002912A2 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
CA2766113A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
IN2012DN00322A (ja) | 2015-05-08 |
MX2011013988A (es) | 2012-09-07 |
EP2448675A2 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
AU2010266308A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
CO6491077A2 (es) | 2012-07-31 |
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