JP2012206848A - Boom and method of welding the same - Google Patents
Boom and method of welding the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012206848A JP2012206848A JP2011075606A JP2011075606A JP2012206848A JP 2012206848 A JP2012206848 A JP 2012206848A JP 2011075606 A JP2011075606 A JP 2011075606A JP 2011075606 A JP2011075606 A JP 2011075606A JP 2012206848 A JP2012206848 A JP 2012206848A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、ブームおよびその溶接方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、クレーン車や高所作業車、橋梁点検車の構成部品であるブームと、その溶接による製作技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a boom and a welding method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a boom which is a component part of a crane vehicle, an aerial work vehicle, and a bridge inspection vehicle, and a manufacturing technique by welding the boom.
クレーン車や高所作業車、橋梁点検車の構成部品であるブームは、揚程を高くするため多段のブームに構成され、内蔵している油圧シリンダ等により伸縮可能に構成されるのが一般的である。各段のブームは、長尺鋼板で中空断面に形成された筒形の鋼板構造物であり、その長手方向の長さは数ｍから１０ｍ位のものがある。そして、基端側のブームに中段のブームや先端のブームが順に入れ子状態に挿入されている。 Booms, which are components of crane trucks, aerial work platforms, and bridge inspection vehicles, are generally constructed in a multi-stage boom to increase the lift, and can be extended and retracted by built-in hydraulic cylinders. is there. Each stage boom is a cylindrical steel plate structure formed of a long steel plate and having a hollow cross section, and has a length in the longitudinal direction of several m to 10 m. Then, the middle boom and the distal boom are sequentially inserted into the proximal boom in a nested state.
上記のような鋼板製のブームは、従来より長尺鋼板を溶接により接合して構成されている。
そして、座屈強度を高めたり、使用材料に高張力鋼板の使用が可能となったことから、断面四角形の従来構造から、断面五角形などの多角形構造を経て、近年では上部が角型で下部が円弧状に湾曲した湾曲構造のブームが採用されるに至っている。
しかしながら、いずれの形状のブームであっても、長尺鋼板を溶接により接合する構造であることに変わりはない。
Conventionally, a steel plate boom as described above is formed by joining long steel plates by welding.
And since it has become possible to increase the buckling strength and to use high-strength steel sheets as the material, it has gone from a conventional structure with a square cross section to a polygonal structure such as a pentagonal cross section. A boom having a curved structure in which the arc is curved in an arc shape has been adopted.
However, even if it is a boom of any shape, it does not change that it is the structure which joins a long steel plate by welding.
ところで、特許文献１の従来技術は、ブームを構成する２枚の鋼板、すなわち断面コ形の右側部材と左側部材を上下の接合部で溶接するものであるが、溶接するために鋼板の突合せ継手の裏側に裏当て金を当てて溶接している。この裏当て金を当てるのは溶接接合の信頼性を高めるためと説明されている。 By the way, although the prior art of patent document 1 welds the two steel plates which comprise a boom, ie, the right-side member and left-side member of a cross-sectional U shape, at the upper and lower joining parts, in order to weld, the butt joint of a steel plate Welded with a backing metal on the back side. It is explained that this backing metal is applied to improve the reliability of the welded joint.
従来このような裏当て金が必要であった理由を図６に基づき説明する。
図６の（Ａ）は、断面Ｕ字形の上鋼板１と断面Ｕ字形の下鋼板２を、端縁で溶接して筒形に構成するブームを示している。
上下の鋼板１，２は、平板状の鋼板をプレスで曲げ加工して断面Ｕ字形に成形したものであるが、曲げ加工時に生じるスプリングバックや加工歪による変形が端縁形状にも表われる。このため、端縁は一直線にはならず、ブームの幅方向でも微妙なズレが生じ、ブームの上下方向での端縁位置も変位があり、これらのズレや変位がブームの長手方向に連続して発生する。したがって、上鋼板１の端縁と下鋼板２の端縁を図示のように突合せても、その突合せ面には隙間ｇの寸法が大小に変動しながら続いていく。
The reason why such a backing metal has conventionally been necessary will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 6A shows a boom in which the upper steel plate 1 having a U-shaped section and the lower steel plate 2 having a U-shaped cross section are welded at the end edges to form a cylindrical shape.
The upper and lower steel plates 1 and 2 are formed by bending a flat steel plate with a press into a U-shaped cross section. However, deformation due to springback or processing strain that occurs during bending also appears in the edge shape. For this reason, the edges are not straight, and a slight deviation occurs in the width direction of the boom, and the position of the edge in the vertical direction of the boom is also displaced, and these deviations and displacements continue in the longitudinal direction of the boom. Occur. Therefore, even if the end edge of the upper steel plate 1 and the end edge of the lower steel plate 2 are abutted as shown in the drawing, the size of the gap g continues on the abutting surface while fluctuating in size.
このような性状のあることから、図６の（Ｂ）に示すように、上鋼板１の端面には開先ｇｖをレ型やＶ形にとり、溶接には溶着金属ｗの量を大きくできるアーク溶接が用いられている。アーク溶接は溶接棒あるいは溶接ワイヤ等の溶加材を用いることから溶着金属の増量が可能なので、母材の溶融金属量に溶加材の溶融金属量を加えて突合せ部分に溶着金属を肉盛りできるから、隙間ｇが多少大きくても溶接が可能だからである。 Because of such properties, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the end face of the upper steel plate 1 has a groove gv in the shape of a rectangle or V, and an arc that can increase the amount of the deposited metal w for welding. Welding is used. Since arc welding uses a filler metal such as a welding rod or welding wire, the amount of weld metal can be increased, so the amount of molten metal in the base metal is added to the amount of molten metal in the base metal, and the weld metal is built up at the butt portion. This is because welding is possible even if the gap g is somewhat large.
とはいっても、上下鋼板の突合せ部分の隙間ｇが大きすぎたり、溶込み量を多くしようとすると母材が裏面まで溶ける吹き抜けが発生することを意味し、溶接強度は弱くなってしまう。一方、吹き抜けを防止しようとして溶け込みが不足すると、溶融接合部分が少ないことを意味するので、やはり溶接強度は弱くなってしまう。
このような不都合を防止するため、溶接部分の裏側には裏当て金101を当てて、充分な溶け込みを確保しつつ溶接部の吹き抜けを防止していたのである。
However, if the gap g between the butt portions of the upper and lower steel plates is too large, or if the amount of penetration is increased, it means that the base material melts to the back surface, and the welding strength is weakened. On the other hand, if the penetration is insufficient in order to prevent blow-through, it means that there are few fusion-bonded parts, so that the welding strength is also weakened.
In order to prevent such inconvenience, a backing metal 101 is applied to the back side of the welded portion to prevent blowout of the welded portion while ensuring sufficient penetration.
しかるに、アーク溶接によりブームを製作する従来技術では、つぎのような問題があった。
（１）アーク溶接は入熱が大きいため、ブームに溶接歪が発生し、ブームに捩れや歪変形が発生する。このため、溶接作業の前にブーム材を拘束する作業が必要となったり、それでも歪は発生するので、溶接後に歪取りを行う矯正作業が必要となる。このような理由で製造工数が多くなるという欠点がある。
However, the conventional technique for manufacturing a boom by arc welding has the following problems.
(1) Since arc welding has a large heat input, welding distortion occurs in the boom, and twist and distortion deformation occur in the boom. For this reason, an operation of restraining the boom material before the welding operation is necessary, or distortion still occurs, and a correction operation for removing the distortion after welding is necessary. For this reason, there is a drawback that the number of manufacturing steps increases.
（２）既述のごとくブーム側壁の内面には裏当て金があり、かつ製作後のブームの上下面や両側面には矯正しきれなかった歪が残っているので、入れ子式の多段ブームに構成する場合は、各段ブーム間の寸法差を大きくとる必要がある。すなわち、図７に示すように、基端ブームＢ１と中間ブームＢ２の間の寸法差Ｄ１も、中間ブームＢ２と先端ブームＢ３の間の寸法差Ｄ２も大きくなる。
この場合、先端側のブームほど断面寸法が小さくなる傾向が強いので充分な強度を確保しにくくなる。逆に先端側のブームに充分な強度を与えようとすると、基端側のブームの断面寸法が大きくなるので、鋼材量を多く使いブーム重量も増え、クレーンの吊上げ性能が低下する。
(2) As mentioned above, there is a backing metal on the inner surface of the boom side wall, and distortion that cannot be corrected remains on the upper and lower surfaces and both sides of the boom after production. When configured, it is necessary to take a large dimensional difference between the booms. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the dimensional difference D1 between the proximal boom B1 and the intermediate boom B2 and the dimensional difference D2 between the intermediate boom B2 and the distal boom B3 are also increased.
In this case, the boom on the tip side tends to have a smaller cross-sectional dimension, so that it is difficult to ensure sufficient strength. On the other hand, if sufficient strength is given to the boom on the distal end side, the cross-sectional dimension of the boom on the proximal end side increases, so that a large amount of steel is used and the boom weight increases, and the lifting performance of the crane decreases.
本発明は上記事情に鑑み、ブームの軽量化や剛性向上が図れるブームを提供することを目的とする。また、溶接前の拘束作業や溶接後の矯正作業等の作業工程が少なくてすむブーム溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a boom capable of reducing the weight and improving the rigidity of the boom. It is another object of the present invention to provide a boom welding method that requires less work processes such as restraint work before welding and correction work after welding.
第１発明のブームは、複数枚の鋼板を溶接して断面筒形に形成したブームであって、鋼板の端縁同士の突合せ接合部分が、溶加材を使用する溶接法とレーザー溶接からなるハイブリッド溶接で溶接されていることを特徴とする。
第２発明のブームは、第１発明において、前記ハイブリッド溶接は、前記溶加材を用いる溶接法が先行しレーザー溶接が後行することを特徴とする。
第３発明のブームは、第１発明において、前記溶加材を使用する溶接法が、アーク溶接またはホットワイヤ供給溶接であることを特徴とする。
第４発明のブームの溶接方法は、複数枚の鋼板を溶接して断面筒形のブームを製作する溶接方法であって、鋼板の端縁同士を突合せ接合し、この接合部分を溶加材を使用する溶接法とレーザ溶接からなるハイブリッド溶接を用いて溶接することを特徴とする。
第５発明のブームの溶接方法は、第４発明において、前記ハイブリッド溶接は、前記溶加材を用いる溶接法が先行しレーザ溶接法が後行することを特徴とする。
第６発明のブームの溶接方法は、第４または第５発明において、前記溶加材を使用する溶接法が、アーク溶接またはホットワイヤ供給溶接であることを特徴とする。
The boom of the first invention is a boom formed by welding a plurality of steel plates into a cylindrical shape, and the butt joint portion between the edges of the steel plates is formed by a welding method using a filler metal and laser welding. It is characterized by being welded by hybrid welding.
The boom of the second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the hybrid welding is preceded by a welding method using the filler material and is followed by laser welding.
The boom of the third invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the welding method using the filler metal is arc welding or hot wire supply welding.
A boom welding method according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is a welding method for manufacturing a boom having a cylindrical cross section by welding a plurality of steel plates, and butt-joins the edges of the steel plates, and joins the joining portion with a filler metal. Welding is performed using hybrid welding consisting of the welding method used and laser welding.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a boom welding method according to the fourth aspect, wherein the hybrid welding is preceded by a welding method using the filler metal and followed by a laser welding method.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the boom welding method according to the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the welding method using the filler metal is arc welding or hot wire supply welding.
第１発明によれば、溶加材を使用する溶接法で鋼板の突合せ接合部を溶融して、母材の溶融金属量に溶加材の溶融金属量を加えておき、次いでレーザ溶接で加熱すれば、溶融金属を突合せ接合部の深さ方向に溶け込ませるので、隙間が大きくなっている突合せ接合部であっても確実に溶接により接合することができる。しかも、レーザ溶接法は入熱が少ないので、溶接後のブームに捩れや歪が生じにくい。このため、多段入れ子式ブームにおける各段ブーム間の寸法差を小さくできるので、先端側のブームの断面寸法を大きくし剛性を向上させることができる。
第２発明によれば、溶加材を使用する溶接法を先行させて溶融金属を肉盛りしてから後行するレーザー溶接で溶融金属を深さ方向に溶け込ませることができるので、少ない入熱で鋼板の突合せ接合部を溶接できる。
第３発明によれば、アーク溶接またはホットワイヤ供給溶接は、溶加材を用いるので溶接部分に溶融金属の肉盛りが可能であり、鋼板の突合せ部分の隙間を埋めるのに適している。
第４発明によれば、溶加材を使用する溶接法で鋼板の突合せ接合部を溶融して、母材の溶融金属量に溶加材の溶融金属量を加えておき、次いでレーザ溶接で加熱すれば、溶融金属を突合せ接合部の深さ方向に溶け込ませるので、隙間が大きくなっている突合せ接合部であっても確実に溶接により接合することができる。しかも、レーザ溶接は入熱が少ないので、溶接後のブームに捩れや歪が生じにくい。このため、多段入れ子式ブームにおける各段ブーム間の寸法公差を小さくできるので、先端側のブームの断面寸法を大きくし剛性を向上させることができる。
第５発明によれば、溶加材を使用する溶接法を先行させて溶融金属を肉盛りしてから後行するレーザー溶接で溶融金属を深さ方向に溶け込ませることができるので、少ない入熱で鋼板の突合せ接合部を溶接できる。
第６発明によれば、アーク溶接またはホットワイヤ供給溶接は、溶加材を用いるので溶接部分に溶融金属の肉盛りが可能であり、鋼板の突合せ部分の隙間を埋めるのに適している。
According to the first invention, the butt joint portion of the steel sheet is melted by a welding method using a filler material, the molten metal amount of the filler material is added to the molten metal amount of the base material, and then heated by laser welding. In this case, the molten metal is melted in the depth direction of the butt joint, so that even a butt joint having a large gap can be reliably joined by welding. Moreover, since the laser welding method has little heat input, the boom after welding is less likely to be twisted or distorted. For this reason, since the dimensional difference between each stage boom in a multistage telescoping boom can be made small, the cross-sectional dimension of the boom of a front end side can be enlarged, and rigidity can be improved.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the molten metal can be melted in the depth direction by the laser welding performed after the molten metal is built up after the welding method using the filler material is preceded. Can weld butt joints of steel plates.
According to the third invention, arc welding or hot wire supply welding uses a filler metal, so that it is possible to build up molten metal in the welded portion, and it is suitable for filling a gap in a butt portion of a steel plate.
According to the fourth invention, the butt joint of the steel plate is melted by a welding method using a filler metal, the molten metal amount of the filler material is added to the molten metal amount of the base material, and then heated by laser welding. In this case, the molten metal is melted in the depth direction of the butt joint, so that even a butt joint having a large gap can be reliably joined by welding. In addition, since laser welding has little heat input, the boom after welding is less likely to be twisted or distorted. For this reason, since the dimensional tolerance between each stage boom in a multistage telescoping boom can be made small, the cross-sectional dimension of the boom of a front end side can be enlarged and rigidity can be improved.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the molten metal can be melted in the depth direction by the laser welding performed after the molten metal is built up after the welding method using the filler material is preceded. Can weld butt joints of steel plates.
According to the sixth invention, arc welding or hot wire supply welding uses a filler metal, so that it is possible to build up molten metal in the welded portion, and it is suitable for filling the gap in the butt portion of the steel plate.
つぎに、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づき説明する。
本発明の溶接法で製作されるブームは、クレーンや高所作業車、橋梁点検車などに用いられる長尺の鋼板製筒状構造物であり、作業時には大きな曲げ負荷が作用する部材である。
このブームの材料は、一般的には高張力鋼板が主に使用される板材であって、厚さが４〜１２ｍｍ程度の中厚鋼板が用いられる。自動車用薄板鋼板は厚さが0.6〜６ｍｍ位であり、種々の用途に用いられる厚板鋼板は厚さが６〜150ｍｍ位であるが、それらの中間位の厚さの鋼板が用いられる点が特徴である。
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The boom manufactured by the welding method of the present invention is a long steel tubular structure used for a crane, an aerial work vehicle, a bridge inspection vehicle, and the like, and is a member to which a large bending load acts during work.
The material of the boom is generally a plate material mainly using a high-tensile steel plate, and a medium-thickness steel plate having a thickness of about 4 to 12 mm is used. The sheet steel plate for automobiles has a thickness of about 0.6 to 6 mm, and the plate steel plate used for various applications has a thickness of about 6 to 150 mm. It is a feature.
本発明は種々の断面形状のブームに適用できるが、以下では図１に示す湾曲断面のブームに係る実施形態について説明する。
図１の（Ａ）に示すブームは断面Ｕ字状に曲げ加工した長尺鋼板である上鋼板１と下鋼板２を、それぞれの端縁で突合せている。裏当て金は全く用いていない。その理由は後述する。
上鋼板１と下鋼板２は曲げ加工されて断面Ｕ字状に形成されているが、このように曲げ加工された鋼板はスプリングバックが生じたり、曲げ加工時に生じた歪によって、突合せ端縁は綺麗に揃っていない。このため、端縁同士が接触している部分もあるが隙間ｇが生じている部分もある。隙間ｇの大きさは各位で変動するが、大きな部分は４〜５ｍｍ位に達する。
Although the present invention can be applied to booms having various cross-sectional shapes, an embodiment relating to a boom having a curved cross section shown in FIG. 1 will be described below.
The boom shown in FIG. 1 (A) has an upper steel plate 1 and a lower steel plate 2, which are long steel plates bent into a U-shaped cross section, butted at their respective edges. No backing gold is used. The reason will be described later.
The upper steel plate 1 and the lower steel plate 2 are bent and formed into a U-shaped cross section. However, the butt edge is caused by a springback or a strain generated during the bending process. It is not neatly arranged. For this reason, there are portions where the edges are in contact with each other, but there are also portions where the gap g is generated. The size of the gap g varies from place to place, but the large portion reaches about 4 to 5 mm.
上記のような突合せ部分を溶接するのに、本発明では図１（Ｂ）に示すように、溶加材を用いる溶接法Ａとレーザ溶接Ｒからなるハイブリッド溶接Ｈを用いる。溶接機の配置順序は、溶接方向において溶加材を用いる溶接機Ａが先行し、レーザ溶接機Ｒが後行する位置関係となるが、その理由は後述する。 In order to weld the butt portions as described above, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. The arrangement order of the welding machines is a positional relationship in which the welding machine A using the filler material precedes and the laser welding machine R follows in the welding direction, and the reason will be described later.
図２に示すように、溶加材を用いる溶接法Ａとしては、アーク溶接ａ１のほかホットワイヤ供給溶接ａ２などがある。アーク溶接機ａ１は、ノズル１１の中に、電極ワイヤ１２を送給ローラ１３で送り込み、ノズル１１からはシールドガスを噴出させる公知の溶接機である。アーク溶接ａ１には、消耗電極式ガスシールドアーク溶接法、ノンガスシールドアーク溶接法、ディグ溶接法などがある。
ホットワイヤ供給溶接機ａ２は、ノズル１１の中に電極ワイヤ１２を送給ローラ１３で送り込む点は、アーク溶接機ａ１と同様であるが、アークを出さない点で異なっている。これも公知の溶接機である。
As shown in FIG. 2, as the welding method A using a filler metal, there are hot wire supply welding a2 in addition to arc welding a1. The arc welding machine a1 is a known welding machine that feeds an electrode wire 12 into a nozzle 11 with a feeding roller 13 and ejects a shielding gas from the nozzle 11. The arc welding a1 includes a consumable electrode type gas shielded arc welding method, a non-gas shielded arc welding method, a dig welding method, and the like.
The hot wire supply welder a2 is similar to the arc welder a1 in that the electrode wire 12 is fed into the nozzle 11 by the feed roller 13, but is different in that no arc is emitted. This is also a known welding machine.
アーク溶接機ａ１やホットワイヤ供給溶接機ａ２は、溶加材としての電極ワイヤ１２を用いるものであり、溶接中に電極ワイヤ１２の溶融金属を母材由来の溶融金属に加え、溶着金属を肉盛りできる点に特徴がある。また溶加材の溶融量を母材の溶融とは独立に制御できる特徴がある。本発明では、この肉盛りできる溶融金属を隙間ｇの埋め込み等に使う点が特徴である。 The arc welding machine a1 and the hot wire supply welding machine a2 use an electrode wire 12 as a filler material, and during welding, the molten metal of the electrode wire 12 is added to the molten metal derived from the base material, and the deposited metal is added to the metal. The feature is that it can be served. In addition, the melting amount of the filler material can be controlled independently of the melting of the base material. The present invention is characterized in that the molten metal that can be built up is used for filling the gap g.
レーザ溶接機Ｒは、レーザ光の収束ビームを熱源とし、高エネルギー密度を有している。溶融特性は非常に狭くて深い溶融部が得られ、かつビームの指向制御が容易という特徴がある。また、アーク溶接のような大きな電流を流さないので、母材への入熱が少なくてすむという利点がある。 The laser welding machine R uses a convergent beam of laser light as a heat source and has a high energy density. The melting characteristics are very narrow and a deep melting part can be obtained, and the beam directing control is easy. In addition, since a large current is not passed as in arc welding, there is an advantage that heat input to the base material can be reduced.
本発明の溶接方法は、上記２種類の溶接方法を組み合わせたハイブリッド方式にあり、
図１（Ｂ）や図２に示すように、溶加材を用いるアーク溶接ａ１やホットワイヤ供給溶接ａ２を先行させて溶接を行い、その直後の溶融金属が固化する前にレーザー溶接Ｒを行うものである。
The welding method of the present invention is a hybrid method combining the above two types of welding methods,
As shown in FIG. 1 (B) and FIG. 2, arc welding a1 using a filler metal and hot wire supply welding a2 are performed in advance, and laser welding R is performed before the molten metal immediately after that is solidified. Is.
上記ハイブリット溶接Ｈの利点は、つぎのとおりである。
（１）溶加材を使用するアーク溶接ａ１やホットワイヤ供給溶接ａ２で鋼板の突合せ接合部を溶融して、母材の溶融金属量に溶加材の溶融金属量を加えると、たとえ隙間が大きい接合部であっても両方の母材間を溶着金属でつなぐことができる。次いでレーザ溶接Ｒで加熱すれば、溶融金属と両方の母材を接合部の深さ方向に溶け込ませることができる。このため、隙間が大きくなっている突合せ接合部であっても確実に溶接により接合することができる。図３に基づき溶接断面を説明すると、ｍ１はアーク溶接ａ１による肉盛り部分であり、ｍ２はレーザ溶接Ｒによる深い溶け込み部分である。このように、表面部に肉盛りした溶融金属ｍ１をレーザ光によって狭い範囲で縦深方向に押し込むことが可能なので、表面部をアーク溶接で、深さ方向の溶け込みをレーザー溶接Ｒで分担させることで、確実な溶接が行えるのである。
The advantages of the hybrid welding H are as follows.
(1) When the butt joint of a steel plate is melted by arc welding a1 or hot wire supply welding a2 using a filler metal, and the molten metal amount of the filler material is added to the molten metal amount of the base material, even if a gap is formed Even in a large joint, both base materials can be connected by a weld metal. Next, when heated by laser welding R, the molten metal and both base materials can be melted in the depth direction of the joint. For this reason, even if it is a butt | jointing junction part with which the clearance gap is large, it can join reliably by welding. Referring to FIG. 3, the welding cross section will be described. M1 is a build-up portion by arc welding a1, and m2 is a deep penetration portion by laser welding R. Thus, since the molten metal m1 piled up on the surface portion can be pushed in the vertical depth direction with a laser beam in a narrow range, the surface portion is shared by arc welding and the penetration in the depth direction is shared by laser welding R. Thus, reliable welding can be performed.
（２）上記のように、アーク溶接ａ１は表面部を溶融させることでよいので使用熱量は少なくてすみ、レーザ溶接Ｒは元々入熱が少ない溶接法なので、溶接後のブームに捩れや歪が生じにくい。したがって、溶接前のブームの拘束作業や溶接後の矯正作業を削減することができる。
（３）レーザ溶接Ｒはビームの指向制御が容易なので、溶接部の吹き抜けが生じにくく、熱影響範囲を極めて小さくして溶接ができる。このため、裏当て金を用いる必要もない。この裏当て金を用いないことと、上下鋼板１，２に発生する捩れや歪みが少ないことから、多段入れ子式のブームの寸法差を小さくできるので、先端側のブームの断面寸法を大きくし剛性を向上させることができる。
(2) As described above, the arc welding a1 only needs to melt the surface portion, so the amount of heat used is small, and the laser welding R is originally a welding method with little heat input, so that the boom after welding is twisted or distorted. Hard to occur. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the boom restraining work before welding and the straightening work after welding.
(3) Since laser beam welding R is easy to control the beam direction, it is difficult for the weld to blow through, and welding can be performed with an extremely small heat-affected range. For this reason, it is not necessary to use a backing metal. Since this backing metal is not used and the twist and distortion generated in the upper and lower steel plates 1 and 2 are small, the dimensional difference of the multistage telescopic boom can be reduced. Can be improved.
本発明の溶接法で製造されたブームの一例を図４に示す。
図４から明らかなように、基端ブームＢ１と中間ブームＢ２との間の寸法差Ｄ１も、中間ブームＢ２と先端ブームＢ３の間の寸法差Ｄ２も小さくなる。この場合、図７の従来構造と比べてみると、基端ブームＢ１の寸法が同じとすれば、中間ブームＢ２や先端ブームＢ３の寸法を大きくできることを意味する。したがって、ブームの剛性を向上させることができる。
換言すれば、先端ブームＢ３に所望の強度を発揮する寸法を与えた場合、中間ブームＢ２や基端ブームＢ１を必要以上に大きくしなくてよいので、ブームの軽量化を図ることができる。
An example of a boom manufactured by the welding method of the present invention is shown in FIG.
As apparent from FIG. 4, the dimensional difference D1 between the proximal boom B1 and the intermediate boom B2 and the dimensional difference D2 between the intermediate boom B2 and the distal boom B3 are reduced. In this case, when compared with the conventional structure of FIG. 7, if the dimensions of the proximal boom B1 are the same, it means that the dimensions of the intermediate boom B2 and the distal boom B3 can be increased. Therefore, the rigidity of the boom can be improved.
In other words, when the end boom B3 is given a dimension that exhibits a desired strength, the intermediate boom B2 and the base end boom B1 do not have to be enlarged more than necessary, so that the weight of the boom can be reduced.
本発明の溶接法はブームの構造に制限を受けることなく適用することができる。たとえば、図１に示すような下部を湾曲させた湾曲断面を有するブームの外、以下のようなブームへの適用も可能である。 The welding method of the present invention can be applied without being restricted by the structure of the boom. For example, the present invention can be applied to the following boom in addition to a boom having a curved cross section having a curved lower portion as shown in FIG.
（１）鋼板を平板のままの上板と下板と２枚の側板を用いて、４ヵ所の角継手によって溶接する角断面のブーム。あるいは、５枚以上の鋼板を使って五角形以上の多角形ブーム。
（２）長尺の鋼板の両縁を曲げ加工して断面Ｕ字形にし、このような断面形状の上鋼板と下鋼板を２ヵ所の突合せ継手によって溶接した角断面のブーム。
（３）ブームの上鋼板１は断面Ｕ字形であるが下鋼板２は鈍角に折り曲げて全体として五角形などの多角形に構成したブーム。
(1) A boom having a square cross section, which is welded by four corner joints using an upper plate, a lower plate, and two side plates while the steel plate remains flat. Or a polygonal boom of pentagon or more using five or more steel plates.
(2) A boom having a square cross section in which both edges of a long steel plate are bent into a U-shaped cross section, and an upper steel plate and a lower steel plate having such a cross-sectional shape are welded by two butt joints.
(3) A boom in which the upper steel plate 1 of the boom has a U-shaped cross section, but the lower steel plate 2 is bent at an obtuse angle to form a polygon such as a pentagon as a whole.
また、ブームの構成部材である鋼板そのものの製作にも本発明の溶接法を適用できる。
図５（Ａ）に示すのは、上鋼板１を幅狭の鋼板１ａ，１ｂを突合わせて溶接したものであり、溶接によって幅広になった上鋼板を曲げ加工してブーム構成部材とする例を示している。
図５（Ｂ）に示すのは、下鋼板２を製作するのに２枚の曲げ鋼板２ａ，２ｂの間に補強厚板２ｃを入れて溶接し、ブーム構成部材とする例を示している。
The welding method of the present invention can also be applied to the production of the steel plate itself, which is a constituent member of the boom.
FIG. 5A shows an example in which the upper steel plate 1 is welded by abutting the narrow steel plates 1a and 1b, and the upper steel plate widened by welding is bent to form a boom component. Is shown.
FIG. 5B shows an example in which a reinforcing steel plate 2c is inserted between two bent steel plates 2a and 2b and welded to produce a lower steel plate 2 to form a boom constituent member.
以上に本発明のハイブリッド溶接法を適用できるブーム構成部材を例示したが、本発明のハイブリッド溶接法はこれに限定されることなく、およそ鋼板を溶接してブームを製作するのであれば、どのような形態であっても適用することができる。 The boom constituent members to which the hybrid welding method of the present invention can be applied have been described above. However, the hybrid welding method of the present invention is not limited to this, and any method can be used as long as a boom is manufactured by welding steel plates. Even if it is a various form, it is applicable.
１ 上鋼板
２ 鋼板
Ａ 溶接機
ａ１ アーク溶接
ａ２ ホットワイヤ溶接
Ｈ ハイブリッド溶接
Ｒ レーザ溶接
1 Upper steel plate 2 Steel plate A Welding machine a1 Arc welding a2 Hot wire welding H Hybrid welding R Laser welding
Claims (6)
鋼板の端縁同士の突合せ接合部分が、溶加材を使用する溶接法とレーザー溶接からなるハイブリッド溶接で溶接されている
ことを特徴とするブーム。 A boom formed by welding a plurality of steel plates into a cylindrical section,
A boom characterized in that the butt joints between the edges of the steel plates are welded by hybrid welding consisting of a welding method using a filler metal and laser welding.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載のブーム。 The boom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the welding method using the filler metal is arc welding or hot wire supply welding.
鋼板の端縁同士を突合せ接合し、この接合部分を溶加材を使用する溶接法とレーザ溶接からなるハイブリッド溶接を用いて溶接する
ことを特徴とするブームの溶接方法。 A welding method for producing a boom having a cylindrical cross section by welding a plurality of steel plates,
A boom welding method, characterized in that end edges of steel plates are butt-joined and welded using hybrid welding consisting of a welding method using a filler metal and laser welding.
ことを特徴とする請求項４記載のブームの溶接方法。 5. The boom welding method according to claim 4, wherein the hybrid welding is preceded by a welding method using the filler metal and followed by a laser welding method.
ことを特徴とする請求項４または５記載のブームの溶接方法。
6. The boom welding method according to claim 4, wherein the welding method using the filler material is arc welding or hot wire supply welding.
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| CN110733979A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-01-31 | 姚运文 | Upper side light load single welding seam crane boom |
| CN112252564A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-22 | 北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Metal pull rod and manufacturing method thereof |
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