JP2012094302A - Lighting fixture - Google Patents

Abstract

In a lighting fixture, the light irradiation direction can be changed in a wide range such as 2π steradians and 3π steradians in solid angles, and the light extraction efficiency is improved.
A lighting fixture includes a light source and a dimming mirror that can change a ratio of light transmittance and reflectance. The dimming mirror 3 has a spherical shape having a plurality of regions 3a capable of adjusting the light transmittance and reflectance independently of each other. The light source 2 is disposed at the center of the dimming mirror 3. A light transmissive member 4 having light diffusibility is disposed on the inner surface of the light control mirror 3. The spherical dimming mirror 3 can be separated into a transmissive region and a reflective region, the light emitted from the light source 2 can be reflected by the reflective region, and light can be extracted from the transmissive region along the normal direction thereof. Irradiation direction can be changed over a wide range. Further, the light emitted from the light source 2 is diffused and transmitted by the translucent member 4, and the total reflection at the interface of the light control mirror 3 is reduced by the diffused transmission, so that the light extraction efficiency is improved.
[Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a luminaire including a light source and a dimming mirror capable of changing the ratio of light transmittance and reflectance.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a lighting fixture that can switch the direction of light irradiation, there is one that changes the direction of a light source by rotating a lamp equipped with a light source with a motor (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, in such a lighting fixture, in order to switch the irradiation direction in all directions, two sets of motor drive mechanisms for horizontally rotating and swinging the lamp are required, and the size of the fixture is increased. It becomes. In addition, the user may feel uncomfortable because there is a motor sound or the lamp rotates as the irradiation direction is switched.

  Therefore, there is known a lighting fixture that controls light distribution of light emitted from a light source using a dimming mirror having a variable ratio of light transmittance and reflectance (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3). In such a luminaire, a dimming mirror is divided into a plurality of regions on the light emitting side of the light source, and a desired irradiation direction and irradiation range are adjusted by adjusting the light transmittance and reflectance of each region. To get

JP-A-7-57002 JP 2005-56706 A JP 2007-227202 A

  The lighting fixture using the dimming mirror as described above can be downsized as compared with the one using a motor and does not generate a motor sound, but the light irradiation direction is a solid angle of 2π steradians (hemisphere). It could not be changed over a wide range like 4π steradians (global). In addition, since the refractive index of the dimming mirror is higher than the refractive index of air, out of the light emitted from the light source, the light that enters the interface with the air from within the dimming mirror at a relatively large incident angle is reflected at the interface. The light was reflected and could not be extracted from the light control mirror, and the light extraction efficiency was not sufficient.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem. In a lighting fixture that distributes light emitted from a light source using a dimming mirror, the light irradiation direction is a solid angle of 2π steradians and 4π steradians. An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting apparatus that can be changed over a wide range and can improve the light extraction efficiency.

  The luminaire of the present invention is a luminaire including a light source and a dimming mirror capable of changing a ratio of light transmittance and reflectance, wherein the dimming mirrors are independent of each other. And a spherical shape having a plurality of regions capable of adjusting the reflectance, the light source is disposed at the center of the dimming mirror, and a translucent member having light diffusibility is disposed on the inner surface of the dimming mirror It is characterized by being.

  In this lighting fixture, it is preferable that the dimming mirror has a hemispherical shape, and a circular reflecting plate is disposed on the bottom surface of the hemispherical surface.

  In this lighting fixture, it is preferable that a part of the light control mirror is replaced with a reflector.

  In this lighting apparatus, it is preferable that the translucent member is configured to change the degree of light diffusion.

  According to the lighting fixture of the present invention, the dimming mirror having a spherical shape is separated into a transmission region having a high light transmittance and a reflection region having a high reflectance, and the light emitted from the light source is reflected by the reflection region, In addition, since light can be extracted from the transmission region along the normal direction, the light irradiation direction can be changed in a wide range of solid angles, such as 2π steradians (hemisphere) and 4π steradians (global). Further, the light emitted from the light source is diffused and transmitted by the translucent member, and the total reflection at the interface of the light control mirror is reduced by the diffused transmission, so that the light extraction efficiency is improved. In addition, since the light irradiation direction is switched without changing the direction of the light source, a motor or the like is not required, and the apparatus can be downsized.

The external appearance block diagram of the lighting fixture which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The block diagram of the light control mirror of the lighting fixture. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the light distribution by the lighting fixture, (b) is a figure which shows another example. The external appearance block diagram which shows the modification of the said lighting fixture. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the light distribution by the lighting fixture, (b) is a figure which shows another example. The external appearance block diagram which shows the other modification of the said lighting fixture. The external appearance block diagram of the lighting fixture which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The block diagram of the translucent member of the lighting fixture. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the light distribution in the state which raised the diffusion degree of the light of the translucent member by the lighting fixture, (b) shows an example of the light distribution in the state which made the diffusion degree of light low. Figure.

(First embodiment)
A lighting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the luminaire 1 includes a light source 2 and a light control mirror 3 that can change the ratio of light transmittance and reflectance. The dimming mirror 3 has a spherical shape having a plurality of regions 3a capable of adjusting the light transmittance and reflectance independently of each other, and transmits or reflects light emitted from the light source 2. A light transmissive member 4 having light diffusibility is disposed on the inner surface of the light control mirror 3. The luminaire 1 also includes a lighting circuit 5 for lighting the light source 2 and a control unit 6 that variably controls the dimming mirror 3 between a transparent state with high light transmittance and a mirror state with high reflectance. ing.

  The light source 2 is disposed at the center of the dimming mirror 3, and is attached to a socket that extends from the periphery of the dimming mirror 3 toward the center. The light source 2 may be a lamp that is generally used for illumination purposes, such as an incandescent bulb, a halogen bulb, a high-intensity discharge lamp, or an LED (light emitting diode). The light source 2 and the lighting circuit 5 are connected by a power line, and a general-purpose lighting circuit 5 can be used.

  In the light control mirror 3, a plurality of regions 3a are partitioned and formed on the translucent member 4 so as to have substantially equal sizes. Here, each region 3a is a combination of two different polygonal shapes. . The shape of each region 3a is not limited to the above, and may be circular, for example. The light control mirror 3 is configured by using an electrochromic method as a light control method, and each region 3a is reversibly switched between a transparent state and a mirror state when a voltage is applied by the control unit 6. The wiring between each region 3a of the light control mirror 3 and the control unit 6 is preferably connected through the boundary between the regions 3a. The light control mirror 3 is not limited to the one using the electrochromic method, and may be a gas chromic method that changes the state by alternately exposing to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, for example.

  The translucent member 4 diffuses and transmits incident light, and is formed in a spherical shape here. The translucent member 4 is made of, for example, a material in which organic or inorganic fine particles (for example, silicone fine particles) with high light diffusibility are mixed into a transparent resin such as acrylic or polycarbonate. The translucent member 4 is not limited to the above, and may be formed of a surface of the transparent resin that is roughened with fine irregularities.

  The control unit 6 can adjust the voltage applied to the dimming mirror 3 for each region 3a, and has a switch for manually or automatically operating the magnitude of the applied voltage. The control unit 6 is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, the control unit 6 may change the voltage applied to each region 3a of the dimming mirror 3 according to a preset pattern. The applied voltage may be changed in conjunction with the lighting of 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, the light control mirror 3 is an all-solid-state mirror, and has a magnesium / nickel alloy thin film as a transmission / reflection layer. The light control mirror 3 is made of indium tin oxide (ITO), tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ), tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), aluminum (Al), palladium (Pd) and magnesium / nickel (Mg) on a transparent substrate. -Ni) Alloys are laminated in order. The transparent substrate is formed of a transparent material having flexibility, such as a glass plate or plastic. ITO layer, WO ₃ layer, Ta ₂ O ₅ layer, Al layer, Pd layer, Mg-Ni alloy layer are respectively transparent conductive film, ion storage layer, solid electrolyte layer, buffer layer, catalyst layer, transmission / reflection layer Function.

The initial state of the light control mirror 3 is a mirror state. When a voltage of about 5 volts is applied between the transparent conductive film and the transmission / reflection layer in this mirror state, hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) stored in the ion storage layer (HxWO ₃ ) are transferred to the transmission / reflection layer (Mg—Ni). The Mg—Ni alloy in the metal state is hydrogenated to a non-metal state. As a result, the light control mirror 3 changes to a transparent state. When the voltage polarity is inverted and a voltage of about minus 5 volts is applied to the light control mirror 3 in the transparent state, hydrogen ions in the transmission / reflection layer (Mg—Ni alloy hydride) are converted into the ion storage layer ( Returning to WO ₃ ) (dehydrogenation), the dimming mirror 3 changes to the original mirror state. Each state of the light control mirror 3 is maintained even when the voltage is turned off. Here, the dimming mirror 3 is not limited to one using a magnesium / nickel alloy for the transmitting / reflecting layer. It may be used. Here, the dimming mirror 3 is not limited to one using a magnesium / nickel alloy for the transmission / reflection layer. For example, rare earth metals such as yttrium and lanthanum, and rare earth metals and magnesium or gadolinium alloys are used to hydrogenate them. / It may be dehydrogenated.

  The light distribution state by the lighting fixture 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated using FIG. In FIG. 3A, the dimming mirror 3 is adjusted such that the region 3a located in the upper part is in a transparent state and the remaining region 3a is in a mirror state. Here, a region in a transparent state (hereinafter referred to as a transmission region) is one partitioned region, and a region in a mirror state (hereinafter referred to as a reflection region) is a plurality of other regions. When the light source 2 is turned on, light is emitted radially from the light source 2. The light L1 that travels from the light source 2 to the transmission region of the dimming mirror 3 is diffused by the translucent member 4 and irradiated to the outside from the transmission region. At this time, the light irradiation direction is an angular direction generally along the normal direction of the transmission region. Lights L <b> 2 and L <b> 3 that travel from the light source 2 to the reflection region of the light control mirror 3 are reflected by the reflection region and then diffused by the translucent member 4. The lights L2 and L3 are repeatedly reflected at the reflection region, reach the transmission region, and are irradiated in an angular direction generally along the normal direction of the transmission region. Accordingly, when a part of the light control mirror 3 is made transparent, the light emitted from the light source 2 is extracted from the center of the light control mirror 3 in the direction of the transmission region. Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the transmission region of the light control mirror 3 is changed to the lower part, the light irradiation direction is switched to the direction of the transmission region. Here, FIG. 3 shows an example in which the light irradiation direction is one direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the light irradiation direction is set to 2 by making a plurality of spaced regions of the dimming mirror 3 transparent. Direction.

  As described above, according to the luminaire 1 according to the present embodiment, the dimming mirror 3 having a spherical shape is separated into a transmission region having a high light transmittance and a reflection region having a high reflectance, and emitted from the light source 2. Since light can be reflected by the reflection region and extracted from the transmission region along the normal direction, the light irradiation direction can be changed within a solid angle of 4π steradians (global). Further, the light emitted from the light source 2 is diffused and transmitted by the translucent member 4, and the total reflection at the interface of the light control mirror 3 is reduced by the diffused transmission, so that the light extraction efficiency is improved. Further, since the light irradiation direction is switched without changing the direction of the light source 2, a motor or the like is unnecessary, and the apparatus can be reduced in size.

Next, the modification of the said lighting fixture is demonstrated using FIG.4 and FIG.5. In the luminaire 1 according to this modification, as shown in FIG. 4, the dimming mirror 3 has a hemispherical shape, and a reflector 7 having a circular bottom surface of the hemispherical surface is disposed. The reflecting plate 7 has a reflecting surface desired on the inner surface of the light control mirror 3, and the chip-type light source 2 is attached to the reflecting surface. As the reflecting plate 7, for example, an aluminum plate that has been anodized can be used. The reflector 7 is not limited to this, and a metal multilayer film made of a metal thin film of aluminum or silver, or a high refractive material (TiO ₂ or the like) and a low refractive material (SiO ₂ or the like) is formed on a substrate such as glass or plastic. It may be formed.

  In the lighting fixture 1 configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the light source 2 is turned on, the light from the light source 2 is emitted radially toward the hemispherical dimming mirror 3 side. The The light L1 that travels from the light source 2 to the transmission region of the dimming mirror 3 is diffused by the translucent member 4 and irradiated to the outside from the transmission region. At this time, the light irradiation direction is an angular direction generally along the normal direction of the transmission region. Lights L <b> 2 and L <b> 3 that travel from the light source 2 to the reflection region of the dimming mirror 3 are reflected by the reflection region, diffused by the translucent member 4, and then enter the reflection plate 7. The lights L2 and L3 are repeatedly reflected by the reflection area and the reflection plate 7 to reach the transmission area, and are irradiated in an angular direction generally along the normal direction of the transmission area. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the transmission region position of the light control mirror 3 is changed, the light irradiation direction is switched to the direction of the transmission region.

  In such a luminaire 1, light emitted from the light source 2 can be reflected by the reflection region of the dimming mirror 3 having a hemispherical shape, and light can be extracted from the transmission region along the normal direction thereof. Therefore, the light irradiation direction can be changed in the range of 2π steradians by the solid angle. Further, since light incident on the bottom surface portion of the light control mirror 3 can be reflected by the reflection plate 7 and emitted from the transmission region of the light control mirror 3, light distribution with high light extraction efficiency can be realized.

  Next, another modification of the lighting fixture will be described with reference to FIG. In the luminaire 1 according to this modification, a part of the dimming mirror 3 is replaced with a reflecting plate 8. Here, the reflecting plate 8 is replaced with the lower spherical surface portion of the dimming mirror 3. In such a luminaire 1, the fixture can be manufactured using the reflector 8 in place of the dimming mirror 3 in a direction that does not require light irradiation, and the manufacturing cost is low. In addition, since the light from the light source is reflected by the reflecting plate 8 and irradiated from the transmission region of the light control mirror 3, the light extraction efficiency can be maintained.

(Second Embodiment)
A lighting apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 7, the translucent member 4 of the lighting fixture 1 is configured to be able to change the degree of light diffusion. For the translucent member 4, for example, a liquid crystal panel can be used. The luminaire 1 includes a control unit 9 that variably controls the degree of light diffusion of the translucent member 4. The control unit 9 includes a power supply circuit for applying a voltage to the translucent member 4 and is configured to be able to switch the magnitude of the applied voltage manually or automatically. The control unit 9 is not limited to the above configuration, and for example, the voltage applied to the translucent member 4 may be changed according to a preset pattern, or the presence of a person is detected by a sensor to turn on the light source 2. In addition, the applied voltage may be changed.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the translucent member 4 is made of polymer dispersed liquid crystal, and a polymer matrix 42 in which liquid crystal molecules 41 are dispersed is applied to a transparent substrate 44 (for example, glass) with a transparent electrode 43 such as ITO. , Plastic, etc.). The translucent member 4 has a difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal molecules 41 and the polymer matrix 42 because the liquid crystal molecules 41 are oriented in a random direction when no voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 43 and 43. . Therefore, the incident light on the translucent member 4 is scattered. When a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 43 and 43, the liquid crystal molecules 41 are aligned in the same direction as the direction of the electric field, and the difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal molecules 41 and the polymer matrix 42 is reduced. At this time, the incident light to the translucent member 4 is transmitted through the translucent member 4 as it is. As a method for producing the translucent member 4, for example, a method of forming a polymer network by filling a liquid mixture of nematic liquid crystal and an ultraviolet curable polymer between transparent substrates and curing the polymer by ultraviolet irradiation. Such a translucent member 4 has the characteristics that the transmittance at the time of light transmission is high and the visual dependency is small.

  The light distribution state by the lighting fixture 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated using FIG. As shown in FIG. 9A, when the light diffusion degree of the translucent member 4 is high, the light L <b> 1 toward the transmission region of the light control mirror 3 has high diffusibility when passing through the translucent member 4. The emission angle emitted from the transmission region is increased. Moreover, since the reflected lights L2 and L3 from the reflection region of the light control mirror 3 have high diffusibility in the light transmissive member 4, the incident angle becomes large when entering the transmission region of the light control mirror 3, and the transmission light is transmitted. The emission angle emitted from the region increases. Therefore, the beam divergence angle of the emitted light from the transmission region is large.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, when the light diffusion degree of the translucent member 4 is low, the light L <b> 1 toward the transmission region of the light control mirror 3 is low in diffusibility in the translucent member 4. The emission angle emitted from the transmission region is reduced. Since the reflected light L2 and L3 from the reflection region of the light control mirror 3 has low diffusibility in the light transmissive member 4, the incident angle incident on the transmission region of the light control mirror 3 is reduced and emitted from the transmission region. The emission angle is reduced. For this reason, the beam divergence angle of the light emitted from the transmission region is small.

  As described above, according to the luminaire 1 according to the present embodiment, not only can the light irradiation direction be changed in a wide range, but also the beam divergence angle can be changed by adjusting the degree of light diffusion of the translucent member 4. Is possible.

  In addition, this invention is not restricted to the structure of the said various embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the range which does not change the meaning of invention. For example, the translucent member 4 is not limited to the above, and a transparent base material on which the transmission / reflection layers of the light control mirror 3 are laminated may have light diffusibility and may be used as the translucent member.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lighting fixture 2 Light source 3 Light control mirror 3a Area | region 4 Translucent member 5 Lighting circuit 6 Control part 7 Circular reflector 8 Reflector 9 Control part

Claims (4)

In a luminaire comprising a light source and a dimming mirror capable of changing the ratio of light transmittance and reflectance,
The dimming mirror has a spherical shape having a plurality of regions in which light transmittance and reflectance can be adjusted independently of each other,
The light source is disposed at the center of the dimming mirror;
A light fixture having a light diffusibility disposed on an inner surface of the light control mirror.   The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the dimming mirror has a hemispherical shape, and a circular reflecting plate is disposed on a bottom surface of the hemispherical surface.   The lighting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a part of the light control mirror is replaced with a reflector.   The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the translucent member is configured to change a degree of light diffusion.

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