JP2012045487A - Sorting and crushing device, and sorting and crushing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sorting and crushing device capable of improving reliability of the device by preventing clogging of the device, crushing material to be crushed so that the dimensions of the materials to be crushed after crushing can be made different from one another in accordance with physical characteristics of the materials to be crushed and facilitating sorting depending on differences of the dimensions of the materials to be crushed, and a sorting and crushing method using the sorting and crushing device.SOLUTION: The sorting and crushing device includes: a crushing mechanism 30 having a hopper 34 for storing the materials to be crushed collectively, a coarsely crushing operation part 36 which is arranged near the lower edge port of the hopper 34 and coarsely crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper 34 and a finely crushing operation part 38 which is arranged on the lower part of the lower edge port of the hopper 34, finely crushes the material to be crushed which is coarsely crushed and thereby, incorporates and produces the materials to be crushed having different dimensions; and a sorting mechanism 80 for sorting the materials to be crushed which are finely crushed in accordance with the differences of the dimensions.

Description

  The present invention relates to a separation and crushing apparatus used for crushing waste materials while separating them for the purpose of reusing waste materials, and a separation and crushing method using the same.

  FIGS. 11 to 13 are views referred to for explaining the structure of the crushing device according to the prior art.

  Conventional crushing equipment crushes various types of waste materials (materials to be crushed) such as stone, gravel, concrete, wood, glass, plastic, paper, etc., generated by dismantling of ordinary houses, regardless of the type. Thus, various types of waste materials have been used to form granules having an outer shape with a predetermined diameter or less (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  As shown in FIG. 11, the conventional crushing apparatus 1 includes an outside air blocking box 17, a hopper 2 housed in the outside air blocking box 17, a rough crushing mechanism 3, a crushing mechanism 4, a storage box 16, a motor 18, 19 etc.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the conventional crushing apparatus 1 includes a hopper 2 that can accommodate a predetermined amount of waste material for crushing work. The hopper 2 has a lower end 2a formed on the lower end side thereof, and a cylinder constituting an input port for introducing waste material on the upper end side (the upper right side in FIG. 12). A shaped inlet portion 2b was formed.

  As shown in FIG. 12, a rough crushing mechanism 3 including a first fixed tooth 6 and a first rotating crushing tooth 8 is provided in the vicinity of the upper end of the lower end port 2 a of the hopper 2. This rough crushing mechanism 3 was used for crushing (rough crushing) the waste material stored in the hopper 2 into a coarse waste material of the first stage by a certain amount.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the first fixed teeth 6 of the rough crushing mechanism 3 are formed in a plate shape having a substantially triangular plane shape, and approximately one side of the substantially triangular shape is welded to the inner surface of the hopper 2 on the lower end 2a side. The top of the substantially triangular shape protruded from one side toward the center of the lower end 2a of the hopper 2.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the first rotating crushing tooth 8 of the rough crushing mechanism 3 radiates three teeth arranged at intervals of 120 ° in the rotation direction around the axis of the rotating shaft 7 provided rotatably. It was formed so as to protrude outward, and was integrally provided on the rotating shaft 7 by welding.

  The rotation shaft 7 is driven to rotate by a motor 18 shown in FIG. 11 via a sprocket and chain mechanism (not shown), so that the rotation of the first rotating crushing teeth 8 driven to rotate and the hopper 2 The waste material sandwiched between the first fixed teeth 6 formed inside can be roughly crushed.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 12, below the lower end 2a of the hopper 2, the crushing mechanism 4 constituted by the second fixed teeth 10, the second rotating crushing teeth 12, and the sieve member 14 was provided. . This fine crushing mechanism 4 was used for crushing (fine crushing) the waste material roughly crushed by the rough crushing mechanism 3 into a second-stage waste material having a finer size.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the second rotary crushing tooth 12 of the fine crushing mechanism 4 has a triangular shape in a cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the axis about the axis of the rotary shaft 11 provided rotatably. The tooth tip 12a of the second rotary crushing tooth 12 is integrally provided at the three corners of the second rotary crushing tooth 12, and the second rotary crushing tooth 12 is formed via a key (not shown). The rotating shaft 11 is provided so as to rotate integrally.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the second fixed teeth 10 of the fine crushing mechanism 4 are provided at two places on the left and right sides of the second rotary crushing tooth 12, and when the second rotary crushing tooth 12 rotates, The tooth tip 10a is provided at a position where a predetermined gap is formed between the teeth.

  The rotation shaft 11 is driven to rotate by a motor 19 shown in FIG. 11 through a sprocket and chain mechanism (not shown), and therefore the tooth tip 12a of the second rotary crushing tooth 12 driven to rotate by the motor 19 shown in FIG. The waste material sandwiched between the tooth tips 10a of the second fixed teeth 10 can be crushed.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the sieving member 14 of the fine crushing mechanism 4 has an arc shape in cross section, and is arranged and fixed so that the arc projects downward. And as shown to Fig.13 (a), the sieve member 14 was formed with the circular round hole 14a which has the some predetermined diameter which penetrates the circular arc.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 13 (b), both ends in the axial direction (vertical direction in the figure) of the arc portion 14b in which the round hole 14a is formed have an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the arc portion 14b. A pair of flange portions 14c having an outer periphery protruding outward in the radial direction from the outer periphery of the arc portion 14b is formed, and the sieve member 14 is fixed to the crushing device 1 via these flange portions 14c.

  The center of the cross-section arc of the sieve member 14 is arranged so as to be substantially the same as the rotation center of the second rotary crushing tooth 12, and the tip 12 a of the sieve member 14 has an arc shape when the second rotary crushing tooth 12 rotates. The tooth tip 12a rotates along the curved surface with a certain gap between it and the arcuate inner peripheral surface of the arc portion 14b of the sieve member 14.

  In the fine crushing mechanism 4, the waste material is not only crushed by being sandwiched between the second fixed tooth 10 and the second rotary crushing tooth 12, but is also struck by a round hole 14 a provided in the sieving member 14. Between the curved surface and the tooth tip 12a of the second rotary crushing tooth 12, or rubbed by the sieve member 14 or other waste material, and further crushed.

  And when waste material becomes below the diameter of the round hole 14a of the sieving member 14, it will fall through the round hole 14a, and it will be stored in the storage box 16 arrange | positioned under the fine crushing mechanism 4 shown in FIG. It was supposed to be.

  According to the crushing apparatus 1 according to such a conventional technique, various types of waste materials can be collected into a granular shape having an outer dimension equal to or smaller than the diameter of the round hole 14a of the sieve member 14.

JP 2005-193153 A

  However, in the crushing apparatus 1 according to the above-described prior art, since the waste material that has become smaller passes through the round hole 14a of the sieve member 14, if the hole diameter is small (for example, a diameter of 7 mm or less), the waste material is There was a problem that the round hole was caught and clogged. In particular, when the waste material contains moisture or when the waste material contains a soft material such as plastic, there is a problem that clogging frequently occurs.

  For this reason, due to clogging of the round hole 14a of the sieve member 14, the amount of waste material accumulated in the crushing device 1 is increased, and the operation of the crushing device 1 is stopped due to the overload caused by the increased waste material. It was.

  Moreover, since this conventional crushing apparatus 1 crushes all waste materials to a predetermined diameter or less regardless of the type of waste material, there is also a problem in that it cannot be separated for each type of waste material.

  For this reason, waste materials that are finely crushed regardless of the type are aggregates of various types of waste materials, so the way of reuse is severely limited, and they are discarded without being reused. Even so, the waste material, which is an assembly of such various types, has a problem of high disposal costs.

  Even if a specific gravity sorter using wind power or hydraulic power is used to separate waste materials by type, for example, paper, squarewood, vinyl, etc. and gravel are separated because of the difference in specific gravity. However, there is also a problem that cured plastic and gravel, concret, etc. have no difference in specific gravity and cannot be separated.

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention can prevent the clogging of the apparatus and improve the reliability thereof, and the size of the object to be crushed according to the physical characteristics of the object to be crushed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fractionation and crushing apparatus that can be crushed so that they are different, and that can be easily separated according to the difference in size of the material to be crushed, and a separation and crushing method using the same. .

In order to solve the above problems, the fractional crushing apparatus according to the present invention is:
A hopper for storing the crushed objects together;
A rough crushing operation unit that is disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the hopper and crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A crushing mechanism that is disposed below the lower end of the hopper and generates a mixture of crushed objects of different sizes by crushing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
And a separation mechanism for separating the finely crushed object according to the difference in size.

Moreover, the fractional crushing apparatus according to the present invention is:
The crushing operation part is
A rotating striking member that is attached to a rotating rotating body so as to be relatively rotatable, and crushes an object to be crushed by a large impact by centrifugal force when rotating integrally with the rotating body,
And a sieve member having a center formed in a semi-cylindrical shape substantially the same as the rotation center of the rotating body, and a plurality of substantially rectangular holes having a length in the axial direction of the rotating body. To do.

Moreover, the fractional crushing apparatus according to the present invention is:
The sorting mechanism is
A rotating shaft member;
A cylindrical sieve member that rotates integrally with the shaft member;
The cylindrical sieve member is characterized in that both end sides in the length direction are open and a large number of sieve holes are formed in the cylindrical thick part.

Moreover, the fractional crushing apparatus according to the present invention is:
The crushing mechanism and the sorting mechanism are structurally integrated so as to form one device.

Moreover, the fractional crushing method using the fractional crushing apparatus according to the present invention is:
A hopper for storing the crushed objects together;
A rough crushing operation unit that is disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the hopper and crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A crushing mechanism that is disposed below the lower end of the hopper and generates a mixture of crushed objects of different sizes by crushing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
A separation and crushing method using a separation and crushing device including a separation mechanism that separates the crushed object according to a difference in size,
A step of throwing a material to be crushed into the hopper;
The rough crushing operation unit roughly crushing the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A step of generating a mixture of crushed objects having different sizes by pulverizing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
The separation mechanism includes a step of separating the object to be crushed according to the difference in size.

According to such a fractional crushing apparatus of the present invention,
A hopper for storing the crushed objects together;
A rough crushing operation unit that is disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the hopper and crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A crushing mechanism that is disposed below the lower end of the hopper and generates a mixture of crushed objects of different sizes by crushing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
A separation mechanism for separating the crushed material to be crushed according to the difference in size,
It is possible to prevent clogging of the device and improve its reliability, and it can be crushed so that the size of the crushed object differs depending on the physical characteristics of the crushed object, The separation can be facilitated by the difference in the size of objects.

Moreover, according to the fractional crushing method using such a fractional crushing apparatus of the present invention,
A hopper for storing the crushed objects together;
A rough crushing operation unit that is disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the hopper and crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A crushing mechanism that is disposed below the lower end of the hopper and generates a mixture of crushed objects of different sizes by crushing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
A separation and crushing method using a separation and crushing device including a separation mechanism that separates the crushed object according to a difference in size,
A step of throwing a material to be crushed into the hopper;
The rough crushing operation unit roughly crushing the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A step of generating a mixture of crushed objects having different sizes by pulverizing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
The separation mechanism comprising the step of separating the object to be crushed according to the difference in size,
It is possible to prevent clogging of the device and improve its reliability, and it can be crushed so that the size of the crushed object differs depending on the physical characteristics of the crushed object, The separation can be facilitated by the difference in the size of objects.

It is front sectional drawing of the crushing mechanism 30 which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the crushing mechanism 30 shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a left side cross-sectional view inside an outside air blocking box 32 of the crushing mechanism 30 shown in FIG. 1. It is front sectional drawing in the external air shielding box 32 of the crushing mechanism 30 shown in FIG. It is a BB arrow directional cross-sectional view of the fine crushing operation | movement part 38 shown in FIG. It is an AA arrow directional cross-sectional view of the crushing operation | movement part 38 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the sieve member 68 shown in FIG. 5, Fig.7 (a) is the front sectional drawing, FIG.7 (b) is the bottom view. It is a figure which shows the front sectional view of the rotary sieve mechanism 80 used for the fractional crushing method using the crushing mechanism 30 shown in FIG. 1, and a part of the belt conveyor 40 shown in FIG. It is front sectional drawing for demonstrating operation | movement of the fine crushing operation | movement part 38 shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the fractional crushing method using the crushing mechanism 30 shown in FIG. It is front sectional drawing of the crushing apparatus 1 which concerns on a prior art. It is an expanded front sectional view of the hopper 2, the rough crushing mechanism 3, and the fine crushing mechanism 4 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the sieving member 14 shown in FIG. 11, Fig.13 (a) is the front sectional drawing, FIG.13 (b) is the bottom view.

  EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the form for implementing the fractionation crushing apparatus which concerns on this invention, and the classification crushing method using the same is demonstrated concretely based on drawing. 1 to 10 are referred to for explaining a fractionation crushing apparatus provided with a crushing mechanism 30 and a rotary sieve mechanism 80 (sorting mechanism) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a fractionation crushing method using the same. It is a figure to do.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the crushing mechanism 30 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an outside air blocking box 32, a hopper 34 partially exposed from the upper surface of the outside air blocking box 32, and the hopper 34, the rough crushing operation part 36 accommodated in the interior 34, the fine crushing operation part 38 accommodated in the outside air shielding box 32, the motors 54 and 78, and a belt partially exposed to the outside from the side surface of the outside air shielding box 32. It is comprised by the conveyor 40 (conveyance means) etc.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the crushing mechanism 30 includes a hopper 34 having a size enough to accommodate a predetermined amount of waste material (a material to be crushed) for performing a crushing operation at an upper end portion thereof. I have. Similar to the hopper 2 of the conventional crushing apparatus 1, the hopper 34 is used to collectively store various types of waste materials to be crushed.

  The hopper 34 is formed with an insertion port 34b for introducing waste material at the upper end thereof. The hopper 34 has an inverted square frustum-shaped space in which the opening cross-sectional area gradually decreases as it goes from the upper side to the lower side in FIG. 1 (from the front side to the back side in FIG. 2). The waste material can be stored in the space.

  Further, a lower end opening 34 a having the smallest opening cross-sectional area is formed at the lower end portion of the hopper 34.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a rough crushing operation unit 36 is provided inside the hopper 34 and in the vicinity of the upper portion of the lower end opening 34 a. The rough crushing operation unit 36 is composed of fixed teeth 42 and rotary crushing teeth 44, and crushes the waste material stored in the hopper 34 into a first-stage coarse material (coarse crushing) by a certain amount. It is used to do.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fixed teeth 42 of the rough crushing operation part 36 are formed in a substantially triangular shape so that the tooth tips protrude from the inner surface near the upper end 34a of the hopper 34 toward the center side in the hopper 34. It is formed in a plate shape having a thickness in the vertical direction in FIG. The plurality of fixed teeth 42 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction in FIG. 2 and are integrally provided on the hopper 34 by welding.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rotational crushing teeth 44 of the coarse crushing operation unit 36 have three teeth arranged at intervals of 120 ° in the rotation direction around the axis of the rotation shaft 46 provided rotatably. Are formed so as to protrude in the direction toward the rotation shaft 46 and are integrally provided on the rotary shaft 46 by welding.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating crushing teeth 44 are arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction (vertical direction in the drawing) of the rotating shaft 46, and are provided so as to mesh with each other between the fixed teeth 42. .

  As shown in FIG. 3, both end portions of the rotating shaft 46 penetrate the inclined side surface of the hopper 34 and protrude to the outside, and the protruding portion is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) or the like. Yes.

  A sprocket 48 is attached to one end side of the rotating shaft 46 (on the right side of the hopper 34 in FIG. 3 and on the near side of the hopper 34 in FIG. 4), and a chain 50 is wound around the outer periphery of the sprocket 48. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the chain 50 is arranged on the outer periphery of a sprocket 52 having an axis line that is parallel to the axis of the rotary shaft 46 to which the sprocket 48 is attached and that is spaced apart from the axis of the rotary shaft 46 in the horizontal direction. Is also wrapped around.

  The sprocket 52 is connected to the drive shaft of the motor 54, which has an axis parallel to the rotation shaft 46, at the center of rotation of the sprocket 52 via a key (not shown) so as not to be relatively rotatable.

  Therefore, when the drive shaft of the motor 54 is driven to rotate, the rotation of the drive shaft of the motor 54 is transmitted to the rotation shaft 46 via the sprocket 52, the chain 50, and the sprocket 48. Can be rotated.

  For this reason, the rotary crushing teeth 44 are rotationally driven by the motor 54, and the waste material sandwiched between the rotationally driven rotary crushing teeth 44 and the fixed stationary teeth 42 is roughly crushed. It is supposed to be.

  Accordingly, when the crushing mechanism 30 is operated, the waste material is roughly crushed by the coarse crushing operation unit 36 by a certain amount, and falls from the lower end opening 34a of the hopper 34 to the lower side.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1, a crushing operation unit 38 is provided below the lower end port 34 a of the hopper 34. The crushing operation unit 38 is housed in the housing 56, the rotating body 60 that rotates together with the rotating shaft 58 inside the housing 56, and the rotating body 60 via the pin 62. The rotary striking member 64 is rotatably mounted, and includes a collision tooth plate 66 and a sieve member 68 fixed in the housing 56.

  This fine crushing operation unit 38 is used to crush the waste material that has been roughly crushed in the rough crushing operation unit 36 and dropped from the lower end 34a so that the size of the outer shape after crushing differs according to their physical characteristics. It is used.

  An inlet port 56b having an inclined axis is formed at the upper end of the casing 56 of the fine crushing operation unit 38, and the waste material that has fallen from the rough crushing operation unit 36 is inclined by the input port unit 56b. It is possible to guide in the axial direction and take it into the housing 56.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rotating body 60 of the fine crushing operation unit 38 is formed in a disk shape having a thickness in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 58, and the axial direction of the rotating shaft 58 (see FIG. 5). 4 are arranged side by side at intervals in the horizontal direction. And the rotary body 60 is integrally provided by the welding etc. to the rotating shaft 58 which penetrates the center to the thickness direction.

  For this reason, the rotating body 60 rotates around the axis of the rotating shaft 58 by the rotation of the rotating shaft 58.

  And the pin 62 has penetrated the hole 60a opened in the circumferential direction vicinity of 4 places of the rotary body 60 at the outer peripheral end vicinity. Then, both ends of the pin 62 and the two rotating bodies 60 arranged on the outermost side of the four rotating bodies 60 are integrally fixed by screw fastening with screws (not shown) or the like. .

  That is, a total of four pins 62 are attached in the vicinity of the outer peripheral end of the rotating body 60 and at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rotary striking member 64 is attached to the pins 62 between the surfaces of the rotating bodies 60 adjacent to each other.

  The rotary striking member 64 of the fine crushing operation unit 38 is composed of a mounting part 64a and a striking part 64b. A through hole 64c into which the pin 62 is loosely fitted is formed in the mounting portion 64a of the rotary impact member 64. The striking portion 64b has a step on four surfaces between the mounting portion 64a, and the cross-sectional area in the width direction and the plate thickness direction of the striking portion 64b is larger than the cross-sectional area in the width direction and the plate thickness direction of the mounting portion 64a. Is formed.

  The rotary striking member 64 is attached to the rotary shaft 58 and the rotary body 60 so as to be relatively rotatable by passing the pin 62 through a through hole 64c formed in the attachment portion 64a. When the rotating shaft 58 and the rotating body 60 do not rotate, the rotary striking member 64 is suspended from the pin 62 by gravity.

  When the rotary shaft 58 and the rotary body 60 rotate, the rotary striking member 64 is pulled by these rotations and rotates around the axis of the rotary shaft 58 together with the rotary body 60. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rotary hitting member 64 changes from a suspended state to a posture in which the radial direction of the rotating body 60 and the length direction of the rotary hitting member 64 coincide with each other due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation. It is supposed to be.

  As shown in FIG. 6, both end portions of the rotating shaft 58 are formed from through holes that loosely fit with the rotating shaft 58 in the thickness direction of the side surface parallel to the rotating body 60 of the casing 56 of the crushing operation unit 38. It protrudes to the outside, and the protruding portion is rotatably supported by bearings 70 and 70.

  Sprockets 72 are attached to both ends of the rotating shaft 58 (both left and right sides in FIG. 6). A chain 74 is wound around the outer periphery of the sprocket 72 on one end side (left side in FIGS. 3 and 6) of the rotary shaft 58. The sprocket 72 (on the right side in FIG. 6) around which the chain 74 is not wound is provided as a flywheel for obtaining the inertia of rotation of the rotating shaft 58.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the chain 74 is also wound around the outer periphery of a sprocket 76 having an axis that is parallel to the axis of the rotary shaft 58 to which the sprocket 72 is attached and that is spaced horizontally from the axis. ing.

  The sprocket 76 is connected to a drive shaft 78a of a motor 78 having an axis parallel to the rotation shaft 58 at the center of rotation thereof through a key (not shown) so as not to be relatively rotatable.

  For this reason, when the drive shaft 78a of the motor 78 is rotationally driven, the rotation of the drive shaft 78a of the motor 78 is transmitted to the rotary shaft 58 via the sprocket 76, the chain 74, and the sprocket 72. The rotary striking member 64 provided via can be rotated together.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the collision tooth plate 66 of the fine crushing operation unit 38 is formed in a four-divided cylindrical shape such as one of the cylindrical shapes substantially divided into four in the circumferential direction. The curved surface has a plurality of large steps so that a plurality of teeth are formed. An insertion port portion 56 b is connected to the upper side of the collision tooth plate 66 of the housing 56.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the sieve member 68 of the crushing operation unit 38 is disposed below the rotating shaft 58, the rotating body 60, and the rotating striking member 64 in the housing 56. And the cross-sectional shape is circular arc shape, the circular arc is formed so as to protrude downward over the lower half of the whole circle, and both upper end portions thereof are on the lower surface of the upper half of the housing 56. It is fixed.

  As shown in FIG. 7A, the sieving member 68 is formed in a semi-cylindrical circular arc portion 68b like a lower half of which a cylindrical shape is divided into an upper half and a lower half. As shown in FIG. 7B, a plurality of substantially rectangular through holes 68a having a length in the axial direction (vertical direction in the drawing) are formed side by side in the circumferential direction. Yes.

  As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, both ends in the axial direction of the arc-shaped arc part 68b in which a plurality of through holes 68a are formed have an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the arc part 68b. In addition, a pair of flange portions 68c having an outer periphery that is slightly larger than the outer periphery of the arc portion 68b in the radial direction outside is formed.

  A plurality of these flange portions 68c are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction with the flange portions 68c in contact with the inner surface of the housing 56 with the opposite (outer) side surfaces facing each other. The sieve member 68 is fixed in the housing 56 by being screwed by a screw (not shown) that passes through the through hole (not shown).

  The center of the cross-section arc of the sieving member 68 is arranged so as to be substantially the same as the rotation center of the rotating shaft 58, the rotating body 60, and the rotating hitting member 64, and when the rotating hitting member 64 is rotated, the tip of the hitting portion 64b is Along the arcuate curved surface inside the sieving member 68, the squeeze member 68 rotates with a certain gap between the arcuate inner peripheral surface.

  Further, since the sieve member 68 is attached so as to be replaceable, by replacing the sieve member 68, the dimension in the width direction perpendicular to the length direction of the substantially rectangular through hole 68a or the adjacent through hole 68a is replaced. The dimension of the width direction perpendicular | vertical to the length direction of the circular arc part 68b in between can be changed now.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the two side walls of the casing 56 of the crushing operation unit 38 to which the flange portion 68 c of the sieve member 68 is fixed are located above the center in the circumferential direction of the flange portion 68 c. An opening 56a is provided at each position.

  The opening 56a of the casing 56 is formed to open when performing the maintenance and maintenance work of the crushing operation unit 38, and the opening is opened by a lid member (not shown) during the operation of the crushing mechanism 30. It is supposed to be blocked.

  And this opening part 56a, when a metal piece etc. which cannot be crushed by the fine crushing operation parts 38, such as a bolt, a nut, a faucet of a water pipe, etc. are thrown in into crushing mechanism 30, for example, The metal piece or the like can be removed from the upper surface of the sieve member 68 and used to take it out.

  For this reason, it can prevent that the metal piece etc. become the obstruction | occlusion of the driving | operation of the crushing operation part 38, and since the crushing operation part 38 can be operated normally, the reliability of the crushing mechanism 30 is improved. Can be made.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a belt conveyor 40 is installed below the through hole 68 a of the sieve member 68 of the fine crushing operation unit 38. The waste material that has passed through the through hole 68a of the sieve member 68 is placed on a conveyance surface (not shown) of the belt conveyor 40 and conveyed from that position to the position of the rotary sieve mechanism 80.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the rotary sieving mechanism 80 (sorting mechanism) includes a sieving member 82, a shaft member 84, and a connecting member 86 that integrally connects them. The rotary sieving mechanism 80 is used for separating the waste material according to the difference in the size of the waste material.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the sieve member 82 of the rotary sieve mechanism 80 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and has an opening end portion 82 a that opens to throw in the waste material at one end side in the axial direction. On the other end side in the axial direction, there is an opening end portion 82c that opens to discharge waste material having a large outer dimension. The sieving member 82 has circular through holes 82b (sieving holes) having a plurality of predetermined diameters penetrating from the cylindrical inner peripheral surface to the outer peripheral surface over the entire circumference.

  The shaft member 84 of the rotary sieving mechanism 80 is formed in a round bar shape, and as shown in FIG. 8, both end portions thereof protrude outward from the opening end portion 82a and the opening end portion 82c of the sieving member 82. The protruding portion is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown).

  The shaft member 84 is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown) via a sprocket and chain mechanism (not shown).

  The connecting member 86 of the rotary sieve mechanism 80 has four round bar-like members arranged at intervals of 90 ° in the rotation direction around the axis of the shaft member 84 that is rotatably provided so that the members protrude radially outward. Is formed.

  The connecting member 86 has one end portion in the length direction integrally formed with the shaft member 84 by welding, and the other end portion in the length direction is the inner peripheral surface of the sieve member 82. Are integrally provided by welding.

  For this reason, the sieve member 82 is rotationally driven together with the shaft member 84 by a motor (not shown), and the waste material thrown therein is rotated.

  When the rotary sieving mechanism 80 is operated in this way, the waste material whose outer dimension is larger than the through hole 82b of the sieving member 82 falls from the opening end portion 82c of the sieving member 82 to the lower side thereof, and the outer dimension becomes the sieving. The waste material smaller than the through hole 82b of the member 82 falls from the through hole 82b of the sieve member 82 to the lower side.

  Next, based on FIG. 9, operation | movement of the crushing operation | movement part 38 of the crushing mechanism 30 is demonstrated.

  First, the rotation hitting member 64 is driven to rotate by a motor 78 (see FIG. 4) via a plurality of members such as the rotating body 60.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary striking member 64 violently collides with the waste material that has been roughly crushed by the rough crushing operation unit 36 and has been introduced from the inlet 56 b of the housing 56, and crushes the waste material finely. It is like that.

  The waste material that has violently collided with the rotary striking member 64 is bounced in the rotational tangential direction of the rotating rotary striking member 64 and is smashed by being struck against the tooth surface having a step inside the colliding tooth plate 66. It has become so.

  Further, the waste material not only collides with the rotary striking member 64 or is smashed against the curved surface of the colliding tooth plate 66 but is smashed against the inner surface of the housing 56, the through hole 68a of the sieve member 68, and the arc portion 68b. Or even if it collides between waste materials, it is crushed.

  At this time, depending on the physical characteristics of each material included in the waste material, that is, the property that is not easily broken by an external force (toughness), the property that the material is easy to extend (ductility), the property that repels collision, and the like. After crushing by, the size varies depending on the nature of the waste material.

  As shown in FIG. 9, for example, waste materials such as stone, gravel, and concrete (indicated by symbol S in the figure) are easily broken or crushed by impact, so that the crushing operation unit 38. By being crushed by the above, it has a property of becoming a granule having a predetermined diameter or an outer dimension of a predetermined diameter or less.

  The through-hole 68a of the sieve member 68 has a length in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 58 and the rotating body 60, whereas the waste material S rotates with the rotating impact member 64 rotating. In order to be struck in the tangential direction in the circumferential direction, it is possible to form a granule having an outer shape equal to or less than the diameter of the round hole of the sieve member 14 according to the conventional technique.

  Even if the dimension in the length direction of the through hole 68a of the sieve member 68 and the dimension in the width direction perpendicular to the length direction are larger than the diameter dimension of the round hole of the sieve member 14 according to the prior art, these The waste material S made of stone, gravel, concrete, or the like can be made into a granule having an outer shape equal to or smaller than the diameter of the round hole of the sieve member 14 according to the conventional technology.

  For this reason, since the opening area of the through-hole 68a of the sieve member 68 can be made larger than the opening area of the round hole 14a of the sieve member 14 according to the prior art, the clogging of the sieve member 68 can be prevented. The reliability of the crushing mechanism 30 can be improved.

  On the other hand, for example, waste materials (indicated by symbol P in the figure) made of vinyl string or hard plastic are not easily broken or crushed by impact, and the repulsive force due to collision is small. Unlike the waste material S made of stone, gravel, concrete or the like, the outer dimensions larger than a predetermined diameter are often maintained even when subjected to a crushing operation by the fine crushing operation unit 38.

  At this time, in the round hole 14a of the sieving member 14 according to the prior art, the waste material P made of a hardened plastic or the like keeps its outer dimensions to some extent. The through-hole 68a of the sieve member 68 of the crushing operation unit 38 of the crushing mechanism 30 of the present embodiment is the axial direction of the rotary shaft 58 and the rotary body 60. Therefore, even if the outer shape is of a certain size, it does not collect on the upper surface of the sieve member 68 and falls through the through hole 68a of the sieve member 68. It has become.

  Therefore, even if the material of the waste material is a hardened plastic or the like, the opening area of the through hole 68a of the sieve member 68 can be made larger than the opening area of the round hole 14a of the sieve member 14 according to the conventional technique. Generation | occurrence | production of the clogging of the member 68 can be prevented, and the reliability of the crushing mechanism 30 can be improved.

  Thus, the crushing mechanism 30 can separate and crush the waste material so that the size of the crushed waste material differs according to the physical characteristics. For this reason, the separation of the waste material can be facilitated by the difference in the size of the waste material.

  Next, based on FIG. 10, the operation | movement procedure of the classification crushing method using the crushing mechanism 30 is demonstrated.

  The waste material is input from an input port 34 b formed at the upper end portion of the hopper 34 of the crushing mechanism 30 and stored inside the hopper 34.

  Next, the waste material is crushed into a coarse waste material of the first stage as shown in FIG. 10 by a rough crushing operation unit 36 provided inside the hopper 34 of the crushing mechanism 30.

  The waste material crushed by the rough crushing operation unit 36 passes through the lower end 34 a of the hopper 34 and the inlet 56 b of the case 56 of the fine crushing operation unit 38 and falls into the case 56 of the crushing operation unit 38. It has become.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 10, the waste material is separately crushed by the fine crushing operation unit 38 of the crushing mechanism 30 so that the size of the waste material after crushing differs according to its physical characteristics.

  The waste material separated and crushed by the crushing operation unit 38 falls from the through hole 68a of the sieve member 68 and is placed on the conveying surface of the belt conveyor 40. And it is conveyed by the belt conveyor 40 and is conveyed from the crushing mechanism 30 to the rotary sieve mechanism 80.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the waste material is thrown into the opening end portion 82 a of the sieve member 82 of the rotary sieve mechanism 80 from the conveying surface of the belt conveyor 40 and enters the sieve member 82 of the rotary sieve mechanism 80. It is like that.

  The waste material is agitated by the sieve member 82 that rotates integrally with the shaft member 84, and the waste material P, such as a vinyl string or a material made of a hardened plastic, whose outer dimension is larger than the through hole 82b of the sieve member 82, The waste material S that falls from the opening end portion 82c of the sieve member 82 to the lower side and whose outer dimension is smaller than the through hole 82b of the sieve member 82 and is made of stone, gravel, concrete, or the like is the through hole of the sieve member 82. It falls from 82b to its lower side.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 10, the rotary sieve mechanism 80 can largely separate the waste material from the crushing mechanism 30 into two according to the size difference.

  According to the fractionation crushing apparatus including the crushing mechanism 30 and the rotary sieve mechanism 80 according to the embodiment of the present invention and the fractionation crushing method using the same, the clogging of the apparatus is prevented, In addition to improving reliability, it can be crushed so that the size of the material to be crushed differs according to the physical characteristics of the material to be crushed. Can be easily.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the crushing mechanism 30 and the rotary sieve mechanism 80 are separated from each other has been described. However, the rotary sieve mechanism 80 is disposed below the fine crushing operation unit 38 in the crushing mechanism 30. Alternatively, the crushing mechanism 30 and the rotary sieve mechanism 80 may be configured integrally in structure.

  Moreover, in the fractionation crushing apparatus provided with the crushing mechanism 30 and the rotary sieve mechanism 80 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and the fractionation crushing method using the same, the waste material is crushed by the apparatus. However, things other than waste materials may be crushed.

  In the crushing mechanism 30 provided in the fractional crushing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the rotation crushing teeth 44 of the rough crushing operation unit 36 have been described with respect to the case where three teeth are formed. The teeth 44 may be formed with other numbers such as five teeth. In addition, the rotating body 60, the pin 62, the rotating striking member 64, and the like of the crushing operation unit 38 may naturally be configured by a plurality of sheets other than the above embodiment.

  Moreover, in the fractionation crushing apparatus provided with the crushing mechanism 30 and the rotary sieve mechanism 80 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and the fractionation crushing method using the same, the waste material crushed from the crushing mechanism 30 by the belt conveyor 40. However, it is not necessary to limit the thing used for conveyance to the belt conveyor 40, for example, a storage box may be used, or manual or automatic may be used. .

  Further, in the fractionation crushing apparatus including the crushing mechanism 30 and the rotary sieve mechanism 80 according to the embodiment of the present invention and the fractionation crushing method using the same, the waste material crushed by the fine crushing operation unit 38 is: The rotary sieving mechanism 80 is used for separation, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the rotary sieving mechanism may be used as long as it can be separated by the difference in the size of the waste material. Anything other than the mechanism 80 may be used.

  Further, in the crushing mechanism 30 provided in the fractional crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the case where the sprocket 48 and the chain 50 are used has been described. Any other rotation transmission means may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing device 2 Hopper 2a Lower end 2b Input port part 3 Rough crushing mechanism 4 Fine crushing mechanism 6 1st fixed tooth 7 Rotating shaft 8 1st rotating crushing tooth 10 2nd fixed tooth 10a Tooth tip 11 Rotating shaft 12 2nd rotating crush Tooth 12a Tooth tip 14 Sieving member 14a Round hole 14b Arc part 14c Flange part 16 Storage box 17 Outside air shut-off box 18, 19 Motor 30 Crushing mechanism 32 Outside air shut-off box 34 Hopper 34a Lower end opening 34b Input port 36 Rough crushing action part 38 Shredding Operation unit 40 Belt conveyor 42 Fixed teeth 44 Rotating crushing teeth 46 Rotating shaft 48 Sprocket 50 Chain 52 Sprocket 54 Motor 56 Housing 56a Opening 56b Slot port 58 Rotating shaft 60 Rotating body 60a Hole 62 Pin 64 Rotating impact member 64a 64b Impacting part 64c Through hole 66 Colliding tooth plate 68 Sieve member 8a through hole 68b arc portion 68c flange portion 70 bearing 72 sprocket 74 chain 76 sprocket 78 motor 78a driving shaft 80 rotating sieve mechanism 82 sieve member 82a open end 82b through hole 82c open end 84 the shaft member 86 connecting member

Claims (5)

A hopper for storing the crushed objects together;
A rough crushing operation unit that is disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the hopper and crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A crushing mechanism that is disposed below the lower end of the hopper and generates a mixture of crushed objects of different sizes by crushing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
A separation and crushing apparatus comprising: a separation mechanism that separates the crushed material to be crushed according to a difference in size. The crushing operation part is
A rotating striking member that is attached to a rotating rotating body so as to be relatively rotatable, and crushes an object to be crushed by a large impact by centrifugal force when rotating integrally with the rotating body,
And a sieve member having a center formed in a semi-cylindrical shape substantially the same as the rotation center of the rotating body, and a plurality of substantially rectangular holes having a length in the axial direction of the rotating body. The fractional crushing apparatus according to claim 1. The sorting mechanism is
A rotating shaft member;
A cylindrical sieve member that rotates integrally with the shaft member;
2. The fractional crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical sieve member is open at both ends in the length direction, and a plurality of sieve holes are formed in the cylindrical thick portion.   The separation and crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crushing mechanism and the separation mechanism are structurally integrated so as to constitute one apparatus. A hopper for storing the crushed objects together;
A rough crushing operation unit that is disposed in the vicinity of the lower end of the hopper and crushes the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A crushing mechanism that is disposed below the lower end of the hopper and generates a mixture of crushed objects of different sizes by crushing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
A separation and crushing method using a separation and crushing device including a separation mechanism that separates the crushed object according to a difference in size,
A step of throwing a material to be crushed into the hopper;
The rough crushing operation unit roughly crushing the material to be crushed in the hopper;
A step of generating a mixture of crushed objects having different sizes by pulverizing the roughly crushed object to be crushed,
The separation mechanism includes a step of separating the object to be crushed according to the difference in size.

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