JP2012008412A - Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image capable of suppressing the occurrence of transfer defects.SOLUTION: The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes toner particles each containing a binder resin and at least one kind of external additive of which the volume average particle diameter is 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less and the content of fully chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives is 0.01 ppb or more and 10 ppb or less.

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrostatic image developing toner, an electrostatic image developing developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming method, and an image forming apparatus.

  A method of visualizing image information through a latent image (electrostatic charge image) such as electrophotography is now widely used in various fields. In the electrophotographic method, an electrostatic image on the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member (sometimes referred to as a latent image holder) is developed with an electrostatic image developing toner through a charging step, an exposure step, etc., and a transfer step and a fixing step. Etc., the electrostatic charge image is visualized.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of high image quality / no waste toner, attempts have been made to dispose a large-diameter external additive as a spacer between the toner and the transfer target in order to bring the transfer efficiency close to 100%.
An electrostatic latent image developing toner comprising, as a toner containing a large-diameter external additive, at least a toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, and an external additive, The external additive is composed of at least a small particle having a volume average particle diameter of 5 nm to 30 nm and a large particle having a volume average particle diameter of 100 nm to toner particle diameter, and the large particle is a surface with a charge control agent. An electrostatic latent image developing toner that has been processed is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2005-202132

  An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image in which occurrence of transfer defects is suppressed.

  That is, the invention according to claim 1 includes toner particles containing a binder resin and at least one external additive having a volume average particle diameter of 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and the content of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative. Is a toner for developing an electrostatic image having a value of from 0.01 ppb to 10 ppb.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the content of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative is 0.1 ppb or more and 3 ppb or less.

  A third aspect of the present invention is an electrostatic charge image developing developer comprising the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to the first or second aspect.

  A fourth aspect of the present invention is a toner cartridge including the electrostatic image developing toner according to the first or second aspect.

The invention according to claim 5 contains the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 3, and develops the electrostatic image formed on the latent image holding member with the developer for developing an electrostatic image. A developing unit for forming a toner image;
It is a process cartridge that is detachably attached to the image forming apparatus.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on a latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic charge image with the electrostatic charge image developing developer according to the third aspect. A developing step for forming an image, a transfer step for transferring the toner image onto the transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member, and a fixing step for fixing the toner image on the transfer target member. An image forming method.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit for forming an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member, and the electrostatic charge image for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the third aspect. Developing means for developing with a developer to form a toner image, transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member, and fixing the toner image on the transfer target body And an image forming apparatus.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic image developing toner in which the occurrence of transfer defects is suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the occurrence of transfer defects is further suppressed.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a developer for developing an electrostatic image in which occurrence of transfer defects is suppressed.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a toner cartridge that facilitates the supply of the electrostatic charge image developing toner in which the occurrence of transfer defects is suppressed.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to facilitate the handling of the developer for developing an electrostatic image in which the occurrence of transfer defects is suppressed, and to improve the adaptability to image forming apparatuses having various configurations.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming method using a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image in which the occurrence of transfer defects is suppressed.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus using an electrostatic charge image developing toner that suppresses the occurrence of transfer defects.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an image forming apparatus used in an image forming method according to an embodiment.

    Hereinafter, embodiments of an electrostatic image developing toner, an electrostatic image developing developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming method, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention will be described.

<Toner for electrostatic image development>
The electrostatic image developing toner according to the exemplary embodiment (hereinafter, also referred to as the toner of the exemplary embodiment) includes at least one toner particle including a binder resin and a volume average particle diameter of 40 nm to 300 nm. And an external additive, and a toner for developing electrostatic images having a total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content of 0.01 ppb or more and 10 ppb or less.

In general, resin molecules constitute the resin as an aggregate in the form of a string. Therefore, the intermolecular force is strong, and it can be deformed by weakening the intermolecular force by a method of raising the temperature or a plasticizer. In the case of toner, this property is utilized, and fixing is performed by applying pressure simultaneously with heating. This deformation also has a certain tendency with respect to embedding of the external additive. For example, the toner having a lower glass transition temperature is likely to be embedded. On the other hand, this embedding is easily affected by the surface of the toner. In addition to slow deformation, for example, when a strong force is momentarily applied to the external additive by stirring in the developing machine or the like, the external additive is applied even at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the toner. The agent will be embedded. It is considered that this is embedded because a strong force is applied to the contact portion between the external additive and the toner surface, and heat is generated only in the contact portion.
When the content of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative is 0.01 ppb or more and 10 ppb or less, the binder resin and the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative are compatible and the binder resin is easily deformed. As a result, the external additive function is prevented from being lost due to the external additive falling off from the toner particles and from being excessively embedded in the toner particles. At the same time, the all-chloro-substituted benzene derivative has a biased electronic state in the aromatic ring due to the electron withdrawing property of the chlorine atom. For this reason, the electronic state of other resin molecules is also biased from the normal state. Even if this deviation is slight, it is effective for the heat generation at the contact portion between the external additive and the toner surface, and it is possible to suppress excessive embedding, and as a result, the occurrence of transfer failure is suppressed. The
In addition, since the toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes at least one external additive having a volume average particle diameter of 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less, not only the contact area between the toner and the transfer member is reduced, but also the external additive and the toner surface. Since the area of the contact portion increases, the above-described embedding due to heat generation can be suppressed, so that the occurrence of transfer failure is suppressed.

In this embodiment, when the content of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner is less than 0.01 ppb, it is difficult for the external additive to be embedded in the toner particles, and the adhesion to the toner particles is weak. It becomes easy to move to. When the external additive is transferred to the carrier, the external additive is reduced and charging is reduced, so that an image defect due to transfer may occur. If the content of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner exceeds 10 ppb, the resin and the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative are compatible with each other and the effect of facilitating deformation of the binder resin is increased. The function of the external additive may be lost due to overfilling, and density unevenness may occur due to poor transfer.
The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner is desirably 0.1 ppb or more and 3 ppb or less.

  In this embodiment, the content of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner is a value obtained by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS).

  In this embodiment, when the volume average particle diameter of the external additive is less than 40 nm, the external additive may be embedded too much in the toner particles. When the volume average particle diameter of the external additive exceeds 300 nm, the external additive may be easily detached from the toner particle surface and transferred to the carrier.

  In the present embodiment, the volume average particle diameter of the external additive refers to a value measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer.

Hereinafter, various materials constituting the toner of the exemplary embodiment will be described.
-Totally chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives-
The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner may be contained in the colorant, or the amount of the colorant may be reduced from the amount previously contained by washing or the like, or may be added together with the toner pigment. Also good. Hereinafter, examples of the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative include chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene and derivatives thereof.

-Binder resin-
The toner particles according to this embodiment include a binder resin. As the binder resin used, styrenes such as styrene and chlorostyrene, monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isoprene, vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl butyrate, Α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate Homopolymers and copolymers such as vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl butyl ether, vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone. In particular, typical binder resins include polystyrene, styrene-alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-alkyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, and styrene-anhydrous. A maleic acid copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. are mentioned. Further examples include polyester, polyurethane, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyamide, modified rosin, paraffin wax and the like.
The content of the binder resin is preferably 50% by mass to 95% by mass, and more preferably 70% by mass to 90% by mass.

-Colorant-
The toner particles according to this embodiment may contain a colorant. Coloring agents include magnetic powders such as magnetite and ferrite, carbon black, aniline blue, caryl blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, dupont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, and lamp black. Rose Bengal, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, Pigment Green 7, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Orange 61, etc. are representative examples.
The content of the colorant is preferably 1% by mass to 30% by mass, and more preferably 3% by mass to 15% by mass.

  The toner particles according to the exemplary embodiment may contain a releasing agent. Examples of the contained releasing agent include low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene, and silicones that exhibit a softening point when heated. , Fatty acid amides such as oleic amide, erucic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, plant wax such as carnauba wax, rice wax, candelilla wax, tree wax, jojoba oil, beeswax Animal waxes such as, waxes such as montan wax, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, etc., ester waxes such as fatty acid ester, montanic acid ester, carboxylic acid ester, etc. And And La of the modified products thereof. These release agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Desirable release agents used for the toner particles according to the exemplary embodiment are release agents having low compatibility with the binder resin, for example, release agents having low polarity such as polyethylene and polyolefin have a halftone image release property. The melting temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of good releasability of the toner from the paper and the difficulty of uneven gloss. Since the release agent needs to enter between the fixing member and the image in a short time from the inside of the toner, the release agent of the type of release agent exemplified above is desirable.
As content of a mold release agent, 1 to 20 mass% is desirable, and 5 to 15 mass% is further more desirable.

-Other ingredients-
The toner particles according to the exemplary embodiment may contain various components such as an internal additive, a charge control agent, an inorganic powder (inorganic particles), and organic particles as necessary. Examples of the internal additive include metals such as ferrite, magnetite, reduced iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese, alloys, and magnetic materials such as compounds containing these metals. Examples of the charge control agent include quaternary ammonium salt compounds, nigrosine compounds, dyes composed of complexes of aluminum, iron, chromium, and triphenylmethane pigments. The inorganic powder is added mainly for the purpose of adjusting the viscoelasticity of the toner. For example, alumina, titania, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, cerium oxide, etc. All inorganic particles used as an external additive are included.

-External additive-
The toner of the exemplary embodiment contains at least one external additive having a volume average particle size of 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less. Examples of the external additive include known inorganic particles such as silica particles, titanium oxide particles, alumina particles, cerium oxide particles, and carbon black whose surfaces have been hydrophobized, and polymer particles such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and silicone resin. Of these, silica particles and titanium oxide particles are preferable. An external additive may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
A preferred combination of external additives when two or more external additives are used in combination includes a combination of silica particles and titanium oxide particles for the purpose of imparting a high charge amount and adjusting resistance.
The content of the external additive is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.

The volume average particle diameter of the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 3 μm or more and 10 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or more and 9 μm or less, and particularly preferably 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less. Further, the number average particle diameter of the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 3 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less.
If the particle size of the toner is too small, not only the productivity becomes unstable, but the chargeability becomes insufficient and the developability may decrease, and if it is too large, the resolution of the image may decrease. .

The method for producing the toner according to the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited, and is manufactured by a known dry method such as a kneading and pulverizing method, a wet method such as an emulsion aggregation method or a suspension polymerization method, or the like.
In the kneading and pulverization method, the toner is obtained by kneading, pulverizing, and classifying the binder resin, the release agent, and the colorant and other components as necessary. Moreover, you may use the method of changing the shape of the particle | grains obtained by the kneading | pulverization grinding | pulverization method with a mechanical impact force or thermal energy.

In the above-described kneading and pulverizing method, first, components such as the above-described binder resin, colorant, release agent and the like are mixed and then melt-kneaded. Examples of the melt kneader include a three-roll type, a single screw type, a twin screw type, and a Banbury mixer type. After coarsely pulverizing the obtained kneaded material, for example, it is pulverized by a pulverizer such as a micronizer, ulmax, jet-O-mizer, jet mill, kryptron, turbo mill, etc., elbow jet, microplex, DS separator, etc. The toner particles are obtained by classifying with the classifier.
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment can be obtained by adding the above-described external additive to the toner particles using, for example, a V-type blender, a Henschel mixer, a Redige mixer, or the like.

  In the emulsification aggregation method according to the present embodiment, the raw material constituting the toner is emulsified to form resin particles (emulsion particles), the aggregation step of forming aggregates including the resin particles, and the aggregates are fused. And a fusion step.

(Emulsification process)
For example, the resin particle dispersion may be produced by applying a shearing force to a solution obtained by mixing an aqueous medium and a binder resin with a disperser. At that time, particles may be formed by heating to lower the viscosity of the resin component. A dispersant may be used for stabilizing the dispersed resin particles.
Furthermore, if the resin is oily and dissolves in a solvent with a relatively low solubility in water, the resin is dissolved in those solvents and dispersed in water together with a dispersant and a polymer electrolyte, and then heated or decompressed. By evaporating the solvent, a resin particle dispersion is produced.

Examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water; alcohols; and the like. Water is preferable.
Examples of the dispersant used in the emulsification step include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium polymethacrylate; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Anionic surfactants such as sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium oleate, sodium laurate, potassium stearate, cationic surfactants such as laurylamine acetate, stearylamine acetate, lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, amphoteric such as lauryldimethylamine oxide Ionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene Surfactants such as nonionic surfactants such as alkyl amines; and the like are; tricalcium phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, inorganic salts such as barium carbonate.

  Examples of the disperser used for preparing the emulsion include a homogenizer, a homomixer, a pressure kneader, an extruder, and a media disperser. As the size of the resin particles, the average particle diameter (volume average particle diameter) is desirably 1.0 μm or less, more desirably 60 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and further desirably 150 nm or more and 250 nm or less. . If it is less than 60 nm, the resin particles become stable particles in the dispersion, and thus aggregation of the resin particles may be difficult. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0 μm, the cohesiveness of the resin particles is improved and it becomes easy to prepare toner particles, but the particle size distribution of the toner may be widened.

  In preparing the release agent dispersion, the release agent is dispersed in water together with an ionic surfactant, a polymer electrolyte such as a polymer acid or a polymer base, and then heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the release agent. Dispersion treatment is performed using a homogenizer or a pressure discharge type disperser to which a strong shearing force is applied while heating. Through the above treatment, a release agent dispersion is obtained. During the dispersion treatment, an inorganic compound such as polyaluminum chloride may be added to the dispersion. Examples of desirable inorganic compounds include polyaluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, highly basic polyaluminum chloride (BAC), polyaluminum hydroxide, and aluminum chloride. Among these, polyaluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate are desirable. The release agent dispersion is used in the emulsion aggregation method, but the release agent dispersion may also be used when the toner is produced by suspension polymerization.

By the dispersion treatment, a release agent dispersion liquid containing release agent particles having a volume average particle diameter of 1 μm or less is obtained. In addition, the more preferable volume average particle diameter of the release agent particles is 100 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
When the volume average particle diameter is less than 100 nm, the properties of the binder resin used are affected, but generally the release agent component is hardly taken into the toner. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 nm, the dispersion state of the release agent in the toner may be insufficient.

  For the preparation of the colorant dispersion, a known dispersion method can be used. For example, a general dispersion means such as a rotary shear type homogenizer, a ball mill having a medium, a sand mill, a dyno mill, or an optimizer can be employed. Is not to be done. The colorant is dispersed in water together with a polymer electrolyte such as an ionic surfactant, a polymer acid, or a polymer base. The volume average particle diameter of the dispersed colorant particles may be 1 μm or less, but if it is in the range of 80 nm or more and 500 nm or less, the dispersion of the colorant in the toner is preferable without impairing the cohesiveness.

(Aggregation process)
In the agglomeration step, a dispersion of resin particles, a colorant dispersion, a release agent dispersion, etc. are mixed to form a mixed solution, which is heated to agglomerate at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles. Form. Aggregated particles are often formed by making the pH of the mixed solution acidic under stirring. The pH is preferably in the range of 2 to 7, and in this case, it is also effective to use a flocculant.
In the aggregation step, the release agent dispersion may be added and mixed at once with various dispersions such as a resin particle dispersion, or may be added in multiple portions.

  As the aggregating agent, a surfactant having a polarity opposite to that of the surfactant used for the dispersant, an inorganic metal salt, and a divalent or higher-valent metal complex are preferably used. In particular, the use of a metal complex is particularly desirable because the amount of the surfactant used can be reduced and the charging characteristics are improved.

As the inorganic metal salt, an aluminum salt and a polymer thereof are particularly suitable. In order to obtain a narrower particle size distribution, the valence of the inorganic metal salt is bivalent than monovalent, trivalent than bivalent, trivalent than trivalent, and tetravalent than trivalent. Inorganic metal salt polymers are more suitable.
In this embodiment, it is desirable to use a polymer of a tetravalent inorganic metal salt containing aluminum in order to obtain a narrow particle size distribution.

  Further, a toner having a structure in which the surface of the core aggregated particles is coated with a resin may be prepared by additionally adding a resin particle dispersion when the aggregated particles have a desired particle size (coating step). In this case, the release agent and the colorant are not easily exposed on the toner surface, which is desirable from the viewpoint of chargeability and developability. In the case of additional addition, a flocculant may be added or pH adjustment may be performed before additional addition.

(Fusion process)
In the fusion step, the agglomeration is stopped by raising the pH of the suspension of aggregated particles to a range of 3 to 9 under stirring conditions in accordance with the aggregation step, and the glass transition temperature of the resin is higher than the glass transition temperature. The aggregated particles are fused by heating at a temperature. Moreover, when it coat | covers with the said resin, this resin is also united and a core aggregated particle is coat | covered. The heating time may be performed to the extent that fusion is performed, and may be performed for about 0.5 hour to 10 hours.

Cool after fusion to obtain fused particles. Further, in the cooling step, crystallization may be promoted by reducing the cooling rate in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (range of glass transition temperature ± 10 ° C.) of the resin, so-called slow cooling.
The fused particles obtained by fusing are made into toner particles through a solid-liquid separation process such as filtration and, if necessary, a washing process and a drying process.

(External addition process)
External toner additives such as fluidizing agents and auxiliaries are added to the obtained toner particles. As the external additive, the aforementioned known particles are used. By externally adding an external additive to the toner particles, the toner of this embodiment can be obtained.

<Developer for developing electrostatic image>
The toner of this embodiment is used as a developer for developing an electrostatic image. The developer is not particularly limited except that it contains the toner of this embodiment, and may have an appropriate component composition depending on the purpose. When the toner of this embodiment is used alone, it is prepared as a developer for developing a one-component electrostatic image, and when used in combination with a carrier, it is prepared as a developer for developing a two-component electrostatic image.

  The carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known carriers. For example, known carriers such as resin-coated carriers described in JP-A-62-39879, JP-A-56-11461, etc. Is used.

Specific examples of the carrier include the following resin-coated carriers. That is, examples of the core particle of the carrier include ordinary iron powder, ferrite, magnetite molding, and the like, and the average particle diameter is about 30 μm to 200 μm. Examples of the coating resin for the core particles include styrenes such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, and α-methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. , Α-methylene fatty acid monocarboxylic acids such as methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nitrogen-containing acrylics such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, vinyl nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Vinyl pyridines such as 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl vinyls such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone Copolymers of homopolymers and copolymers of ruketones, polyolefins such as ethylene and propylene, silicones such as methylsilicone and methylphenylsilicone, vinyl-based fluorine-containing monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene Polymers, polyesters containing bisphenol, glycol, etc., epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyamide resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, etc. are mentioned, and particularly desirable is obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic ring. Resin. The reason for this is that the resin obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic ring tends to retain static electricity in the aromatic ring portion when charged with the toner, and therefore the ratio of the uncolored release agent particles is high. This is because it is considered that the generation of an excessive charge amount of the non-colored release agent particles is controlled even when it increases in the developer. More desirably, it is a resin obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing, as a polymerizable monomer, styrene in which the aromatic ring portion is easily in direct contact with the toner. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The amount of the coating resin is about 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, and preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 3.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core particles. For the production of the carrier, a heating kneader, a heating Henschel mixer, a UM mixer, or the like is used. Depending on the amount of the coating resin, a heating fluidized bed, a heating kiln, or the like is used.

  The mixing ratio of the electrostatic image developing toner and the carrier in the electrostatic image developing developer is not particularly limited and is selected according to the purpose.

  The mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the toner and the carrier in the two-component electrostatic image developing developer may be in the range of toner: carrier = 1: 100 to 30: 100, or 3: 100 to The range may be about 20: 100.

<Image forming apparatus>
Next, an image forming apparatus and an image forming method according to this embodiment using the toner of this embodiment will be described.
The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member, and the electrostatic charge image developing according to the present embodiment. Developing means for developing a toner image by developing with a developer, transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member, and a toner image on the transfer target body Fixing means for fixing.

  In this image forming apparatus, for example, the portion including the developing unit may be a cartridge structure (process cartridge) that can be attached to and detached from the main body of the image forming apparatus, and the process cartridge is related to the present embodiment. The image forming apparatus includes a developing unit that stores a developer for developing an electrostatic image and develops the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the latent image holding member with the developer for developing the electrostatic image to form a toner image. A process cartridge according to the present embodiment that is detachably attached is preferably used.

  Hereinafter, an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of an image forming apparatus for forming an image by the image forming method according to the present embodiment. In the illustrated image forming apparatus 200, four latent image holders (electrophotographic photoreceptors) 401 a to 401 d are arranged in parallel in the housing 400 along the intermediate transfer belt 409. The electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d form, for example, images in which the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401a is yellow, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401b is magenta, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401c is cyan, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401d is black. Is possible.

  Each of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d can be rotated in a predetermined direction (counterclockwise on the paper surface), and charging rolls 402a to 402d, developing devices 404a to 404d, and primary transfer along the rotation direction. Rolls 410a to 410d and cleaning blades 415a to 415d are arranged. Each of the developing devices 404a to 404d is supplied with toners of four colors, black, yellow, magenta, and cyan accommodated in toner cartridges 405a to 405d, and the primary transfer rolls 410a to 410d are respectively connected to the intermediate transfer belt 409. Via the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d.

  Further, an exposure device 403 is disposed at a predetermined position in the housing 400 so that a light beam emitted from the exposure device 403 is irradiated on the surfaces of the charged electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d. It has become. Accordingly, charging, exposure, development, primary transfer, and cleaning are sequentially performed in the rotation process of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d, and the toner images of the respective colors are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 409 in an overlapping manner.

  Here, the charging rolls 402a to 402d contact a conductive member (charging roll) with the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d to uniformly apply a voltage to the photoreceptor, and the surface of the photoreceptor is set to a predetermined potential. Is charged (charging process). In addition to the charging roll shown in this embodiment, charging by a contact charging method may be performed using a charging brush, a charging film, a charging tube, or the like. Moreover, you may charge by the non-contact system using a corotron or a scorotron.

  As the exposure apparatus 403, an optical system apparatus or the like that exposes a light source such as a semiconductor laser, an LED (light emitting diode), a liquid crystal shutter, or the like on the surfaces of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d. Among these, when an exposure apparatus capable of exposing non-interference light is used, interference fringes between the electroconductive substrates of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d and the photosensitive layer are prevented.

  For the developing devices 404a to 404d, a general developing device that develops the developer by making contact or non-contact with the above-described two-component electrostatic image developing developer may be used (developing step). Such a developing device is not particularly limited as long as a two-component electrostatic image developing developer is used, and a known one is selected according to the purpose. In the primary transfer process, a primary transfer bias having a polarity opposite to that of the toner held on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is applied to the primary transfer rolls 410 a to 410 d, whereby each color is transferred from the electrophotographic photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer belt 409. The toner is sequentially primary transferred.

  The cleaning blades 415a to 415d are for removing residual toner adhering to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the transfer process, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member cleaned by this cleaning process is repeatedly used in the above-described image forming process. Is done. Examples of the material for the cleaning blade include urethane rubber, neoprene rubber, and silicone rubber.

  The intermediate transfer belt 409 is supported by a driving roll 406, a backup roll 408, and a tension roll 407 with a predetermined tension, and can rotate without causing deflection due to the rotation of these rolls. The secondary transfer roll 413 is disposed so as to contact the backup roll 408 via the intermediate transfer belt 409.

  By applying a secondary transfer bias having a reverse polarity to the toner on the intermediate transfer member to the secondary transfer roll 413, the toner is secondarily transferred from the intermediate transfer belt to the recording medium. The intermediate transfer belt 409 that has passed between the backup roll 408 and the secondary transfer roll 413 is cleaned by, for example, a cleaning blade 416 disposed near the drive roll 406 or a static eliminator (not shown). It is repeatedly used for the next image forming process. In addition, a tray (transfer object tray) 411 is provided at a predetermined position in the housing 400, and the transfer object 500 such as paper in the tray 411 is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 409 and the secondary transfer belt 412. After being sequentially transferred between the transfer roll 413 and between the two fixing rolls 414 that are in contact with each other, the paper is discharged outside the housing 400.

<Image forming method>
The image forming method according to the present embodiment includes an electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on a latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic charge image with the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the present embodiment. A development step for forming a toner image; a transfer step for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member; and a fixing step for fixing the toner image on the transfer target body. . The developer may be either a one-component system or a two-component system.

  As each of the above steps, a known step in the image forming method is used.

  As the latent image holding member, for example, an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a dielectric recording member are used. In the case of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged by a corotron charger, a contact charger or the like and then exposed to form an electrostatic charge image (electrostatic charge image forming step). Next, the toner particles are attached to the electrostatic charge image by contacting or approaching with a developing roll having a developer layer formed on the surface, and a toner image is formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member (developing step). The formed toner image is transferred onto the surface of a transfer medium such as paper using a corotron charger or the like (transfer process). Further, if necessary, the toner image transferred to the surface of the transfer material is heat-fixed by a fixing device to form a final toner image.

  Note that a release agent may be supplied to a fixing member in the fixing device in order to prevent an offset or the like at the time of heat fixing by the fixing device.

  The method for supplying the release agent to the surface of the roller or belt, which is a fixing member used for heat fixing, is not particularly limited. For example, a pad method using a pad impregnated with a liquid release agent, a web method, a roller method. Non-contact type shower method (spray method) and the like, among which the web method and roller method are desirable. These methods are advantageous in that the release agent can be supplied uniformly and it is easy to control the supply amount. In order to supply the release agent uniformly to the entire fixing member by a shower method, it is necessary to use a separate blade or the like.

  Examples of the transfer target (recording material) to which the toner image is transferred include plain paper, OHP sheet, and the like used in electrophotographic copying machines, printers, and the like.

  Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this embodiment is described in detail in detail, this embodiment is not limited to the following examples. Unless otherwise specified, “part” and “%” are based on mass.

-Particle size and particle size distribution measurement method-
The particle size (also referred to as “particle size”) and particle size distribution measurement (also referred to as “particle size distribution measurement”) will be described.

  When the particle diameter to be measured was 2 μm or more, Coulter Multisizer-II type (manufactured by Coulter) was used as the measuring apparatus, and ISOTON-II (manufactured by Coulter) was used as the electrolyte.

  As a measurement method, 0.5 to 50 mg of a measurement sample is added to 2 mL of a 5% aqueous solution of a surfactant as a dispersant, preferably sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate. This was added to 100 mL of the electrolyte solution.

  The electrolyte in which the sample was suspended was dispersed for 1 minute with an ultrasonic disperser, and the particle size distribution of particles of 2 to 60 μm was measured with a Coulter Multisizer-II type using an aperture diameter of 100 μm to obtain a volume average. Distribution and number average distribution were obtained. The number of particles to be measured was 50,000.

  The particle size distribution of the toner was determined by the following method. For the particle size range (channel) obtained by dividing the measured particle size distribution, draw the volume cumulative distribution from the smaller particle size, define the cumulative volume particle size to be 16% cumulative as D16v, and the cumulative volume to be 50% cumulative. The particle size is defined as D50v. Further, the cumulative volume particle size that is 84% cumulative is defined as D84v.

The volume average particle diameter in the present embodiment is D50v, and the volume average particle size index GSDv is calculated by the following equation.
Formula: GSDv = {(D84v) / (D16v)} ^0.5

  Moreover, when the particle diameter to measure was less than 2 micrometers, it measured using the laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (LA-700: made by Horiba, Ltd.). As a measuring method, a sample in a dispersion is adjusted to 2 g in solid content, and ion exchange water is added thereto to make 40 mL. This is put into a cell until an appropriate concentration is obtained, and after waiting for 2 minutes, the concentration is measured when the concentration in the cell becomes almost stable. The volume average particle diameter of each obtained channel was accumulated from the smaller volume average particle diameter, and the volume average particle diameter was determined to be 50%.

  When measuring a powder such as an external additive, 2 g of a measurement sample is added to 50 mL of a 5% aqueous solution of a surfactant, preferably sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, and 2 with an ultrasonic disperser (1,000 Hz). A sample was prepared by dispersing for a minute, and the measurement was performed in the same manner as the above dispersion.

-Method for measuring molecular weight and molecular weight distribution-
The molecular weight distribution is performed under the following conditions. GPC uses “HLC-8120GPC, SC-8020 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)” apparatus, and two columns use “TSKgel, SuperHM-H (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, 6.0 mm ID × 15 cm)”. , THF (tetrahydrofuran) was used as an eluent. As experimental conditions, the sample concentration was 0.5%, the flow rate was 0.6 mL / min, the sample injection amount was 10 μl, the measurement temperature was 40 ° C., and the experiment was performed using an IR detector. The calibration curve is “polystylen standard sample TSK standard” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation: “A-500”, “F-1”, “F-10”, “F-80”, “F-380”, “A-2500”. ”,“ F-4 ”,“ F-40 ”,“ F-128 ”, and“ F-700 ”.

-Measurement of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in toner-
I. GC / MS measurement conditions:
Gas chromatograph (GC): HP6890 (manufactured by Agilent)
Mass spectrometer (MS): Autospec-Ultima (manufactured by Micromass)
Column: ENV-5MS (inner diameter: 0.25 mm, length: 30 m, film thickness: 0.25 μm, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
Inlet temperature: 280 ° C
Carrier gas: Helium (1.5 mL / min, constant flow mode)
Injection volume: 10 μL (splitless)
Transfer line temperature: 280 ° C
Ionization method: Electron impact ionization method Ion detection method: Selected ion detection (SIM) method by rock mass method

II. Measuring method:
1.0 g of toner was dissolved in sulfuric acid to a constant volume of 50 mL. 1 mL was collected, 4 mL of hexane and a clean-up spike were added in known amounts, followed by liquid / liquid extraction to separate the hexane layer. This operation was repeated twice, and the resulting hexane layer was concentrated to 1 mL, and then cleaned up using a silica gel cartridge (Spelcoline LC-Si 6 mL Glass Tube, 1 g, manufactured by Spelco). After concentrating 10 mL of the obtained hexane eluate, a syringe spike internal standard substance was added to make 50 μL to obtain an analytical test solution, which was quantified by a calibration curve.

-Measuring method of glass transition temperature and melting temperature-
The glass transition temperature and the melting temperature were determined by a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) measurement method, and were determined from the main maximum peak measured according to ASTM D3418-8.
DSC-7 manufactured by Perkin Elmer may be used for measurement of the main maximum peak. The temperature correction of the detection part of this apparatus uses the melting point of indium and zinc, and the correction of heat quantity uses the heat of fusion of indium. As the sample, an aluminum pan was used, an empty pan was set as a control, and the measurement was performed at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.

(Method for producing treated pigment 1)
1 part of Pigment Green 7 (manufactured by BASF) was dispersed in 100 parts of acetone and stirred for 1 hour, followed by filtration. This process was repeated three times to obtain treated pigment 1.

(Method for producing treated pigment 2)
Tetrahydrofuran and 100 parts of toluene 1: 1 solvent were added to 1 part of treated pigment 1, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour and filtered. This process was repeated twice to obtain treated pigment 2.

(Method for producing treated pigment 3)
Tetrahydrofuran and 100 parts of toluene (1: 1 solvent) were added to 1 part of treated pigment 2, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at the maximum output of an ultrasonic disperser (manufactured by Sonic Technology Inc .: GSD1200AT), followed by filtration. Thereafter, the treated pigment 3 was obtained by drying.

(Method for producing treated pigment 4)
The dispersion conditions used in the preparation of the treated pigment 3 were repeated again for the treated pigment 3 to obtain a treated pigment 4.

(Method for producing treated pigment 5)
To 1 part of treated pigment 2, 100 parts of tetrahydrofuran and toluene 1: 1 solvent were added, and the ultrasonic disperser used in treated pigment 3 was stirred at maximum output for 1 hour, and then subjected to Soxhlet extraction for 2 hours. After filtration, 100 parts of tetrahydrofuran was added and stirred for 1 hour, followed by filtration. Thereafter, the treated pigment 5 was obtained by drying.

(Method for producing treated pigment 6)
A treated pigment 6 was produced in the same manner as the treated pigment 5 except that the Soxhlet extraction of the treated pigment 5 was performed for 24 hours.

(Method for producing treated pigment 7)
A treated pigment 7 was produced in the same manner as the treated pigment 5 except that the Soxhlet extraction of the treated pigment 5 was performed for 30 hours.

(Method for producing treated pigment 8)
A treated pigment 8 was prepared in the same manner as the treated pigment 4 except that the treated pigment was changed from Pigment Green 7 to Pigment Green 36 (manufactured by BASF).

(Method for producing treated pigment 9)
A treated pigment 9 was prepared in the same manner as the treated pigment 4 except that the treated pigment was changed from Pigment Green 7 to Pigment Orange 61 (Ciba).

[Method for Producing Toner 1]
<Synthesis of polyester resin (A)>
Bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2 mol adduct: 15 mol%
Bisphenol A propylene oxide 2 mol adduct: 35 mol%
Terephthalic acid: 50 mol%
A monomer having the above composition ratio is charged into a 5 liter flask equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet tube, temperature sensor, and rectifying column, and the temperature is raised to 190 ° C. over 1 hour, so that the reaction system does not vary. After confirming the stirring, the total amount of the above three components was taken as 100 parts, and 1.0% of titanium tetraethoxide was added to 100 parts. Further, while distilling off the generated water, it took 6 hours from the same temperature to raise the temperature to 240 ° C., and continued the dehydration condensation reaction at 240 ° C. for another 2.5 hours, with a glass transition temperature of 63 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight. A polyester resin (A) having (Mw) 17000 was obtained.

Pigment Green 7 (manufactured by BASF) was washed with acetone and filtered in advance, and a Pigment Green 7 washed product in which the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative was reduced was used.
-Binder resin (polyester resin (A)) 89 parts-Polyethylene wax 6 parts (Polywax 725, manufactured by Toyo Petrolite, melting temperature: 105 ° C)
Processed pigment 4 5 parts The above mixture was kneaded with an extruder, cooled, coarsely pulverized, finely pulverized with a jet mill, and then air-classified to obtain toner particles having a D50v of 7.0 µm.

  Toner 1 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of the toner particles and 5 parts of silica particles (trade name X24-9163A, volume average particle diameter 120 nm) manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. with a Henschel mixer. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 2]
Toner 2 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 3. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 3.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 3]
Toner 3 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 2. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 10.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 4]
Toner 4 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 5. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 0.1 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 5]
A toner 5 was obtained in accordance with the production method of the toner 1 except that the treated pigment 4 was changed to the treated pigment 6. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 0.01 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 6]
Toner 6 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 1. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 50 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 7]
Toner 7 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 7. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 0.008 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 8]
Toner 8 was obtained in accordance with the manufacturing method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 8. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 9]
A toner 9 was obtained in accordance with the production method of the toner 1 except that the treated pigment 4 was changed to the treated pigment 9. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 10]
Toner 10 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of toner particles 1 and 3 parts of silica particles (trade name RY50, volume average particle diameter 40 nm) manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. using a Henschel mixer. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 11]
Toner 11 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of toner particles 1 and 5 parts of PMMA particles (trade name PM-030S, volume average particle diameter 300 nm) manufactured by Gantz Kasei Co., Ltd. with a Henschel mixer. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 12]
Toner 12 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of toner particles 1 and 3 parts of silica particles (trade name R972, volume average particle diameter 16 nm) manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. with a Henschel mixer. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 13]
Toner 13 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of toner particles 1 and 5 parts of PMMA particles (trade name MP116, volume average particle diameter 400 nm) manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd. using a Henschel mixer. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 14]
-Preparation of resin particle dispersion 1-
280 parts of styrene, 120 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 8 parts of acrylic acid, and 6 parts of dodecanethiol were mixed and dissolved in 6 parts of a nonionic surfactant (Nonipol 400: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) and anion Anionic surfactant (Neogen SC: manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) was emulsion-polymerized in a flask in which 550 parts of ion-exchanged water was dissolved, and 4 parts of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in this while slowly mixing for 10 minutes. 50 parts of ion-exchanged water was added. After carrying out nitrogen substitution, the inside of the flask was stirred and heated in an oil bath until the contents reached 70 ° C., and emulsion polymerization was continued for 5 hours. As a result, a resin particle dispersion 1 was obtained in which particles made of a resin having an average particle diameter of 150 nm, Tg = 58 ° C., weight average molecular weight Mw = 11500, and acid value of 30 mgKOH / g were dispersed. The solid content concentration of this dispersion was 40%.

(Preparation of treated pigment dispersion 1)
Treatment pigment 4: 60 parts Nonionic surfactant (Nonipol 400: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.): 5 parts Ion-exchanged water: 240 parts The above ingredients are mixed, dissolved, and homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50) : Manufactured by IKA Co., Ltd.) for 10 minutes, and then treated with an optimizer for 10 minutes to prepare a treated pigment dispersion 1 in which colorant particles having an average particle diameter of 250 nm are dispersed.

-Preparation of release agent dispersion-
・ Polyethylene wax (Polywax 725: manufactured by Toyo Petrolite, melting temperature 105 ° C.): 100 parts ・ Cationic surfactant (Sanisol B50: manufactured by Kao Corporation): 5 parts ・ Ion-exchanged water: 300 parts or more The components were dispersed in a round stainless steel flask using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50: manufactured by IKA) for 10 minutes, and then dispersed with a pressure discharge type homogenizer, and a release agent having an average particle diameter of 350 nm. A release agent dispersion in which particles were dispersed was prepared.

-Production of toner particles-
-Resin particle dispersion 1: 163 parts-Treated pigment dispersion 1: 25 parts-Release agent dispersion: 40 parts-Polyaluminum chloride (PAC100W manufactured by Asada Chemical Co., Ltd.): 1.8 parts-Ion exchange water: 600 Part The above ingredients were mixed and dispersed in a round stainless steel flask using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50: manufactured by IKA), and then heated to 52 ° C. while stirring the flask in a heating oil bath. did. After holding at 52 ° C. for 120 minutes, it was confirmed that aggregated particles having a volume average particle diameter D50v of 4.8 μm were generated. Thereafter, 50 parts of the resin particle dispersion 1 was added to the dispersion containing the aggregated particles, and then the temperature of the heating oil bath was raised to 53 ° C. and held for 30 minutes. After adding 1N sodium hydroxide to the dispersion containing the aggregated particles and adjusting the pH of the system to 5.0, the stainless steel flask is sealed, and heated to 95 ° C. while stirring with a magnetic seal. The pH was maintained at 5.0 for 2 hours. After cooling, the toner base particles were filtered off, washed four times with ion exchange water, and then freeze-dried to obtain 5.5 μm toner particles.
100 parts of the toner particles and 5 parts of silica particles (trade name X24-9163A, volume average particle diameter 120 nm) manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. were mixed with a Henschel mixer to obtain toner 14. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Production of developer]
The toner 1 to the toner 14 and a polymethyl methacrylate resin (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd .: Mw 70000) coated ferrite carrier were mixed to prepare the developer 14 from the developer 1 having a toner concentration of 7%.

[Evaluation methods]
The developer was allowed to stand for one week under a temperature of 10 ° C. and a humidity of 15 RH%. Using this, a DocuPrint C1616 (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) remodeling machine is used to output an image with a toner paste amount of 6 g / m ^{2 on} A4 paper (P paper, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.). By the evaluation method, transfer unevenness, density unevenness, and transfer efficiency were evaluated.

<Transfer unevenness>
The obtained image was observed with a magnifying glass, and the dot shape uniformity was defined as transfer unevenness. Evaluation criteria were set as follows. The results are shown in Table 1.
◎: The dot shape is circular and there is no variation ○: The dot shape is circular, but the variation is slightly observed Δ: The dot shape is circular, but there is variation ×: The dod shape is irregular

<Density unevenness>
Image density was measured by X-rite 939. The image density was measured at 10 random points, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value was determined, and the density unevenness was determined. The results are shown in Table 1. An acceptable level was less than 0.1.

<Transfer efficiency>
The transfer efficiency was calculated from the following formula and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
Transfer efficiency (%) = weight of toner transferred onto paper / (weight of toner transferred onto paper + weight of untransferred toner on photosensitive drum) × 100
(◎ ... 98% or more ○ ... 95% or more × ... less than 95%)

  200 Image forming apparatus, 400 housing, 401a to 401d electrophotographic photosensitive member, 402a to 402d charging roll, 403 exposure apparatus, 404a to 404d developing apparatus, 405a to 405d toner cartridge, 406 drive roll, 407 tension roll, 408 backup roll, 409 Intermediate transfer belt, 410a to 410d Primary transfer roll, 411 Tray (transfer target tray), 412 Transfer roll, 413 Secondary transfer roll, 414 Fixing roll, 415a to 415d, 416 Cleaning blade, 500 Transfer target.

Claims (7)

  A toner particle containing a binder resin and at least one external additive having a volume average particle diameter of 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and a total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content of 0.01 ppb or more and 10 ppb or less. Toner for charge image development.   2. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content is 0.1 ppb or more and 3 ppb or less.   An electrostatic charge image developing developer comprising the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1.   A toner cartridge containing the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1. A developing means for accommodating the developer for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 3 and developing a toner image by developing the electrostatic image formed on the latent image holding member with the developer for developing an electrostatic image. Prepared,
A process cartridge attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.   An electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member; a developing step of developing the electrostatic charge image with the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 3 to form a toner image; An image forming method comprising: a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a transfer target material with or without an intermediate transfer member; and a fixing step of fixing the toner image on the transfer target member.   A toner image obtained by developing the latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit for forming an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic charge image with the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 3. An image forming apparatus comprising: a developing unit that forms a toner image; a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer body; and a fixing unit that fixes the toner image on the transfer medium. Forming equipment.