JP2011529118A - 二液型エポキシ系構造用接着剤 - Google Patents
二液型エポキシ系構造用接着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011529118A JP2011529118A JP2011520150A JP2011520150A JP2011529118A JP 2011529118 A JP2011529118 A JP 2011529118A JP 2011520150 A JP2011520150 A JP 2011520150A JP 2011520150 A JP2011520150 A JP 2011520150A JP 2011529118 A JP2011529118 A JP 2011529118A
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明の構造用接着剤は、少なくとも1つのエポキシ樹脂を含む。エポキシ樹脂は、1分子当たり少なくとも1つのエポキシ官能基を含有するモノマー、ダイマー、オリゴマー又はポリマーのエポキシ材料であり得る。このような樹脂は、芳香族又は脂肪族、環式又は非環式、一官能性又は多官能性であり得る。例えば、樹脂の主鎖は任意の種類であってよく、その置換基はオキシラン環と反応する、求核基又は求電子基(活性水素原子など)を有さない任意の基であり得る。代表的な置換基には、ハロゲン、エステル基、エーテル、スルホネート基、シロキサン基、ニトロ基、アミド基、ニトリル基及びリン酸基が挙げられる。
本発明の構造用接着剤はまた、硬化性エポキシ樹脂を架橋できる少なくとも1つの硬化剤も含む。典型的には、これらの作用剤は、第一級又は第二級アミンである。アミンは、脂肪族、脂環式、芳香族、又は1つ以上のアミノ部分を有する芳香族構造体であってもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の構造用接着剤は、所望により、二次硬化剤を含んでもよい。本発明による二次硬化剤は、式(III)の構造を有するものを含むイミダゾール、イミダゾール塩、イミダゾリン又は芳香族第三級アミンを含む。
R1はH又はアルキル(例えば、メチル又はエチル)である。
R3及びR4は、互いに独立して、存在しても又は存在しなくてもよく、存在する場合は、R3及びR4は−CHNR5R6であり、
R5及びR6は、互いに独立して、アルキル(例えば、CH3又はCH2CH3)である。
構造用接着剤と、炭化水素含有物質で汚染された被着体の表面と、の間の接着を促進するために、1つ以上の油変位剤が本発明の構造用接着剤に添加される。炭化水素含有物質は、被着体の加工、処理及び保存から生じ得る種々の表面汚染物質を指す。炭化水素含有物質の例には、鉱油、油脂、乾燥した潤滑油、深絞り加工用油、腐食保護剤、光沢剤及びワックスが挙げられる。しかしながら、表面は、炭化水素含有物質に加えて、他の汚染物質を含み得る。理論に束縛されるものではないが、接着剤内の油変位剤は、接着接合の改善のために、汚染された被着体の表面から被着体のバルクの中に炭化水素含有物質が移動するのを促進すると考えられている。油変位剤を含む接着剤を使用すると、十分な接合強度が熱硬化工程を必要とせずに得られる。
硬化性エポキシ樹脂又は反応性液体改質剤(下記)以外の強靭化剤は、硬化したエポキシ樹脂の強靭性を増加させることができるポリマーである。強靭性は、硬化した組成物の剥離強度によって測定することができる。典型的な強靭化剤には、コア/シェル型ポリマー、ブタジエンニトリルゴム、アクリルポリマー及びアクリルコポリマーなどが挙げられる。市販の強靭化剤には、Dynamar(商標)Polyetherdiamine HC 1101(3M Corporation(St.Paul,MN)から入手可能)及びカルボキシ末端化ブタジエンアクリロニトリル(Emerald Chemical(Alfred,ME)から入手可能)が挙げられる。
反応性液体改質剤が、所望により、硬化性エポキシ樹脂に可撓性を付与するために、及び、得られる接着剤の中で強靭化剤の効果を増強するために、添加されてもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の構造用接着剤は、金属塩触媒を含み得る。本発明の組成物中で使用可能である好適な触媒には、I族金属(例えば、リチウム)、II族金属(例えば、カルシウム及びマグネシウム)又はランタノイド塩(例えば、ランタン)が挙げられ、ここで、アニオンは、ニトレート、ヨウ化物、チオシアネート、トリフレート、アルコキシド、過塩素酸及びスルホネートから選択される。代表的な金属塩には、硝酸ランタン、ランタントリフレート、ヨウ化リチウム、硝酸リチウム、硝酸カルシウム及びこれらの対応する水和物が挙げられる。
界面活性剤は、所望により、基材上の油変位を補助するために構造用接着剤に添加され得る。接着剤配合物中に可溶である任意の界面活性剤が使用され得、これにはイオン性界面活性剤、アニオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤及び双極性界面活性剤が挙げられる。代表的な界面活性剤には、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル及びポリエチレンソルビトールが挙げられる。
反応性希釈剤が、所望により、接着性組成物の流れ特性を制御するために添加され得る。好適な希釈剤は、少なくとも1つの反応性末端部分、及び好ましくは飽和又は不飽和の環状主鎖を有することができる。反応性末端部分にはグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。好適な希釈剤の例には、レゾルシノールのジグリシジルエーテル、シクロヘキサンジメタノールのジグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールのジグリシジルエーテル、トリメチロールプロパンのトリグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。市販の反応性希釈剤は例えば、Reactive Diluent 107(Hexion Specialty Chemical(Houston,TX)から入手可能)及びEPODIL 757(Air Products and Chemical Inc.(Allentown,PA)から入手可能)である。
充填剤が、所望により、例えば、接着の促進、腐食耐性の改善、接着剤のレオロジー特性の制御、及び/又は、硬化中の収縮の低減のために、構造用接着剤に添加され得る。充填剤には、シリカゲル、Caシリケート、ホスフェート、モリブデン酸塩、ヒュームドシリカ、ベントナイト、有機粘土などの粘土、アルミニウム三水和物、中空ガラス微小球、中空高分子微小球及びカルシウムカーボネートが挙げられる。代表的な市販の充填剤には、SHIELDEX AC5(W.R.Grace(Columbia,MD,USA)から入手可能な、合成非晶質シリカ、水酸化カルシウム混合物)、CAB−O−SIL TS 720(Cabot GmbH(Hanau,Germany)から入手可能な、ポリジメチルシロキサンポリマーで処理した疎水性ヒュームドシリカ)、AEROSIL VP−R−2935(Degussa(Dusseldorf,Germany)から入手可能な疎水性ヒュームドシリカ)、glass−beads class IV(250〜300マイクロメートル):Micro−billes de verre 180/300(CVP S.A.(France)から入手可能)、glass bubbles K37:非晶質シリカ(3M Deutschland GmbH(Neuss,Germany)から入手可能)、MINSIL SF 20(Minco Inc.(510 Midway,Tennessee,USA)から入手可能)、非晶質の融解シリカ(fused silica)、及びAPYRAL 24 ESF(Nabaltec GmbH(Schwandorf,Germany)から入手可能な、エポキシシラン官能化(2重量%)アルミニウム三水和物)が挙げられる。
顔料には、酸化第二鉄、れんが粉、カーボンブラック、酸化チタンなどを含む無機又は有機顔料を挙げてもよい。
本発明による二液型組成物は、第一部分と、これとは別個の第二部分と、を含む。第一部分は硬化性エポキシ樹脂を含み、第二部分はアミン硬化剤を含む。第二部分は、第一部分内のものに加えて、硬化性エポキシ樹脂を含んでもよい。使用される際、反応性液体改質剤は典型的には第一部分に添加される。任意の残りの成分(例えば、強靭化剤、油変位剤、二次硬化剤、充填剤、反応性希釈剤、金属塩、界面活性剤、顔料など)に関して、エポキシ反応性基を有する化合物は第二部分に添加され、アミン反応性基を有する化合物は第一部分に添加され、エポキシ反応性基もアミン反応性基もいずれも含有しない化合物は第一部分、第二部分又はこれらの組み合わせに添加され得る。あるいは、これらの成分の1つ以上のために別個の部分が想到され得る。
本発明の構造用接着剤は、室温硬化性及び/又は熱硬化性である。いくつかの実施形態では、接着剤は、室温にて少なくとも3時間かけて硬化し得る。これは、接着剤が室温にて少なくとも24時間かけて硬化する実施形態を含む。これはまた、接着剤が室温にて少なくとも72時間かけて硬化する実施形態も含む。
硬化時に1つ以上の基材上で頑丈で強固な接合を形成することが、二液型エポキシ系接着剤については望ましい。重ね引っ張り強度試験で試験した際には高い剪断値で、及びT型剥離試験で試験した際には高いT型剥離値で接合が凝集的に離れるならば、接合は強固であると見なされる。接合は以下の3つの異なるモードで離れ得る、(1)凝集破壊モードで、接着剤が、両方の金属表面への接着剤の接着部分を残して裂ける、(2)接着破壊モードで、どちらかの金属表面から接着剤が引き離される、又は(3)接着及び凝集破壊の組み合わせ(すなわち、組み合わせ破壊モード)。本発明の構造用接着剤は、重ね引っ張り強度試験及びT型剥離試験中に、接着及び凝集破壊の組み合わせを、より好ましくは凝集破壊を呈し得る。かかる接着剤は、清浄な基材又は油の付いた基材に適用することができる。
本発明の接着剤組成物を使用して、接着剤組成物を、接合させるべき2つの部品の間に適用することによって、及び接合継手を形成するために接着剤を硬化させることによって、溶接又は機械的な締結を補完又は完全に排除することもできる。その上に本発明の接着剤を適用することができる好適な基材には、金属(例えば、スチール、鉄、銅、アルミニウムなどと、これらの合金が含まれる)、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、ガラス、エポキシ繊維複合材料、木材及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、基材の少なくとも1つは金属である。他の実施形態では、基材の両方が金属である。
AEROSIL VP−R−2935(Degussa in Dusseldorf,Germanyから入手可能)は、疎水性ヒュームドシリカである。
試験試料の調製は、American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)Specification D 6386−99及びSociety for Protective Coatings Surface Preparation Specifications and Practices,Surface Preparation Specification No.1に基づく。
10.16cm×2.54cm×0.16cm(4”×1”×0.063”)スチールパネル又は10.16cm×17.78cm×0.16cm(4”×7”×0.063”)2024−T3エッチングされたアルミニウムパネルを使用して、接着面引っ張り試料を作製した。ASTM Specification D 1002−05に従って、各試料を調製した。スクレーパーを使用して、およそ1.27cm(1/2”)幅及び0.025cm(0.010”)厚さの接着剤のストリップを2枚のパネル(すなわち、被着体)のそれぞれの一方の端に適用した。スペーサーを使用して、接着層の厚さを制御した。一方法(方法1)では、接着剤内のガラスビーズ(直径212〜300μm)がスペーサーとして機能した。代わりの方法(方法2)では、2本の0.013cm(0.005”)のピアノ線を接合の各端に(剪断の方向に平行に)配置して、スペーサーとして機能させた。接合を閉じ、2.54cm(1”)の大型クリップを用いて挟みつけて、接着剤の塗り広がりを提供するための圧力を供給した。各試験条件について少なくとも5つの接合を作製した。接着剤を硬化させ、室温における破壊について、Sintech引張試験機で、0.25cm/分(0.1”/分)のクロスヘッド変位速度を用いて接合を試験した。破壊荷重を記録し、重なり幅をノギスで測定した。見積もられた接着面引っ張り強度は、破壊荷重/(測定された接着の幅×測定された接着長さ)として算出した。平均及び標準偏差は、特に断りの無い限り少なくとも5回の試験の結果から算出した。
30.48cm×2.54cm×0.081cm(12”×1”×0.032”)の寸法の洗浄したスチールパネルか又は7.62cm×20.32cm×0.064cm(3”×8”×0.025”)の寸法のエッチングされたアルミニウムパネルかのいずれかを使用して、T型剥離試料を作製した。ASTM D−1876に記載され、下記に要約されるように、各試料を作製した。
落下試験。10.16cm×15.24cm×0.16cm(4”×6”×0.063”)の油の付いたスチールパネル上で表1の化合物を落下試験にかけて、これらのスチールの表面上の炭化水素含有物質を変位する能力を評価した。3g/m2のMULTIDRAW(登録商標)KTL N16油を用いて、油の付いたスチールパネルを上記のように調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表2に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるようにエポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表4に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表9に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表11に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表13に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表15に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるようにエポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表18に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表21に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
1.c.3g/m2のMULTIDRAW(登録商標)KTL N16を用いた、油の付いたスチールパネルから接着面引っ張り試料を調製した。接着接合を室温にて最短でも24時間にわたって硬化させ、177℃にて45分にわたって硬化させ、次に、試験まで室温に冷却した。接着接合を80℃にて試験した。結果を表25に要約する。
実施例10:ナノカルサイトを有する二液型エポキシ接着剤
エポキシ配合物(第一部分)。表26に要約され、以下に更に詳細に記載されるように、エポキシ配合物を調製した。
エポキシ接着剤の調製。DACスピードミキサーに87.52グラムのKANEKA ACE MX125と、79.5グラムのEPON 828と、10グラムのK−FLEX XMB−301と、3グラムのSILANE Z−6040と、20グラムのEPALLOY 5000と、を充填した。このエポキシ混合物をFlackTek SpeedMixer DAC(Landrum,SC)内で2500RPMにておよそ1分にわたって混合した。次に、100グラムのエポキシ混合物をDACスピードミキサーカップ内に配置し、この混合物に4グラムの1,8−シネオールと6グラムのSYLOTHIX 53とを加えた。次に、この混合物をFlackTek Speed Mixer DAC内で2500RPMにておよそ1分にわたって混合した。この混合物を真空下で脱気し、2:1シリンジのより大きな容積の方の中に充填した。シリンジのより小さな容積の方に、SCOTCH−WELD Epoxy Adhesive DP420 Black(Part A)(3M,St Paul,MN)からのAサイドの硬化剤を充填した。適用時には、3M EPXディスペンサー及び静的ミキサーを使用して、2:1シリンジカートリッジからこの接着剤を分配した。
DEO−400。オキサミドエステル末端化ポリプロピレンオキシドは、以下の反応スキームに従って調製した。
Claims (26)
- 第一部分と第二部分を有する二液型接着剤組成物であって、前記接着剤組成物は、
前記第一部分にある硬化性エポキシ樹脂と、
前記第二部分にあるアミン硬化剤と、
前記第一部分、前記第二部分又はこれらの組み合わせにある強靭化剤と、
前記第一部分、前記第二部分又はこれらの組み合わせにある油変位剤とを含み、
前記第一部分と前記第二部分が接着剤を形成するために組み合わされる、二液型接着剤組成物。 - 前記硬化性エポキシ樹脂がビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテルを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記強靭化剤がコア/シェル型ポリマー、アクリルポリマー、ブタジエンニトリルゴム及びこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記強靭化剤が、ブタジエンポリマー、ブタジエンコポリマー、スチレンポリマー、スチレンコポリマー又はブタジエン−スチレンコポリマーを含むコアと、ポリアクリレートポリマー又はポリアクリレートコポリマーを含むシェルと、を有するコア/シェル型ポリマーを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記油変位剤が約35mN/m未満の表面張力を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記油変位剤が約15〜約32mN/mの範囲の表面張力を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記油変位剤が約7〜約10.5cal0.5/cm3/2の範囲の溶解度パラメータを有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記油変位剤が1,8−シネオール、α−ピネンオキシド、リモネンオキシド、C1〜C10グリシジルエーテル又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記接着剤組成物が約0.01重量%〜約25重量%の油変位剤を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記硬化性エポキシ樹脂が1つ以上のエポキシ部分を有し、前記アミン硬化剤が1つ以上のアミン水素を有し、前記硬化性エポキシ樹脂におけるエポキシ部分対前記アミン硬化剤におけるアミン水素のモル比が約0.5:1〜約3:1の範囲である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記第一部分、前記第二部分又はこれらの組み合わせに反応性液体改質剤を更に含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記反応性液体改質剤がトリ−アセトアセテート官能性エステルを含む、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記反応性液体改質剤がオキサミドエステル末端化ポリプロピレンオキシドを含む、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記第一部分、前記第二部分又はこれらの組み合わせに充填剤を更に含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記充填剤が無機鉱物繊維、有機繊維、非球形構造を有する繊維、平板構造を有する繊維又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記充填剤が高密度ポリエチレン繊維である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記充填剤が、約37重量%〜約42重量%のSiO2、約18重量%〜約23重量%のAl2O3、約34重量%〜約39重量%のCaO+MgO、0重量%〜約1重量%のFeO、及び約3重量%のK2O+Na2Oを含む無機鉱物繊維を含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 室温にて18時間、続いて、180℃にて30分にわたって硬化させた前記接着剤組成物が少なくとも17.2MPa(2500psi)の接着面引っ張り測定値を有する、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 室温にて18時間、続いて、180℃にて30分にわたって硬化させた前記接着剤組成物が少なくとも35.0N/cm幅(20lbf/インチ幅)のT型剥離測定値を有する、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記第一部分、前記第二部分又はこれらの組み合わせに二次硬化剤を更に含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 複合物品を製造する方法であって、前記方法が、
請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の二液型接着剤組成物を表面に適用することと、
前記二液型接着剤組成物を前記表面に接触させたまま硬化して複合物品を形成することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記表面が炭化水素含有物質で汚染されている、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記油変位剤が、前記炭化水素含有物質よりも低い表面張力、前記炭化水素含有物質と同様の溶解度パラメータ、又はこれらの組み合わせを呈する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 部材間の接合継手を形成する方法であって、前記方法が、
請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の二液型接着剤組成物を2つ以上の部材のうちの少なくとも1つの表面に適用することと、
前記部材を接合して、前記二液型接着剤組成物を前記2つ以上の部材の間に挟むことと、
前記二液型接着剤を硬化させて前記2つ以上の部材の間に接合継手を形成することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記2つ以上の部材のうちの少なくとも1つの表面が炭化水素含有物質で汚染されている、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記油変位剤が、前記炭化水素含有物質よりも低い表面張力、前記炭化水素含有物質と同様の溶解度パラメータ、又はこれらの組み合わせを呈する、請求項25に記載の方法。
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JP2014501805A (ja) * | 2010-11-12 | 2014-01-23 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 硬化性組成物及び硬化済み組成物 |
WO2016084960A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 粘着剤組成物及びそれを用いた粘着シート |
JP2016108556A (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 粘着剤組成物及びそれを用いた粘着シート |
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JP2018104542A (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-05 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 |
JP2019155875A (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 樹脂含有材料構造体及び樹脂含有材料構造体の製造方法 |
JP7198590B2 (ja) | 2018-03-16 | 2023-01-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 樹脂含有材料構造体及び樹脂含有材料構造体の製造方法 |
JP2021531389A (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2021-11-18 | ヘンケル アイピー アンド ホールディング ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 高速硬化エポキシアクリル液体シム |
JP7259006B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 | 2023-04-17 | ヘンケル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェン | 高速硬化エポキシアクリル液体シム |
US12163060B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2024-12-10 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Fast curing epoxy acrylic liquid shim |
JP2022532049A (ja) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-07-13 | ヒルティ アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 多成分エポキシ樹脂系用の硬化剤組成物、エポキシ樹脂化合物および改善された低温硬化性を有するエポキシ樹脂化合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102159615A (zh) | 2011-08-17 |
CN102159615B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2310436B1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2310436A2 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
JP2014196509A (ja) | 2014-10-16 |
US20110126980A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
JP5856243B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
US8618204B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
WO2010011710A3 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
WO2010011710A2 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
KR20110034673A (ko) | 2011-04-05 |
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