JP2011224460A - Apparatus for sorting waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for sorting waste, in which the waste containing various solids mixed with one another is sorted so that the proportion of combustibles can surely be made small enough to bring the waste containing small amounts of combustibles in a final disposal site.SOLUTION: A pneumatic sorting mechanism 6 includes: a vibration feeder 33 having a screen mesh on the transfer surface thereof; and a pair of nozzle parts 37 and 38 arrayed vertically below a discharge part 331 of the vibration feeder 33. The blowing direction of air from each of nozzle parts 37 and 38 can be adjusted vertically. The blowing direction T2 of air from the nozzle part 38 is set so as to cross the blowing direction T1 of air from the nozzle part 37 by setting the blowing direction T2 upward when compared with the blowing direction T1. The waste thrown in the vibration feeder 33 is vibrated to drop powdery solids for sorting and air is blown against the waste dropping from the discharge part 331 from the pair of nozzle parts 37 and 38 to sort the waste into heavy materials and lightweight materials.

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste sorting and processing apparatus for reducing the amount of sorting and final disposal of waste containing various solids.

  At the site of demolition or construction of a building structure, when a house or a building is demolished all at once, a large amount of mixed waste including combustible and incombustible materials is generated. Mixed waste includes concrete lumps, residual soil, waste wood, waste paper, waste plastic, waste board, metal waste, ceramic waste, etc., and many kinds of materials are mixed in various sizes and shapes. ing.

  Since it is costly to dispose of the mixed waste as it is, it is selected and reused according to the material and size. For example, in Patent Document 1, a rough sorting mechanism that roughly sorts construction waste into passing waste and residual waste, a drying mechanism that dries the passing waste until the water content is 17% or less, and a metal piece from the dried waste. Passing through dust collectors and cyclones that handle exhaust from the gravity sorting mechanism, light weight materials, a gravity sorting mechanism that sorts dry waste into heavy items (pebbles, sand, etc.) and light weights by specific gravity difference A waste sorting processing system including a fine sorting mechanism for finely sorting light weight (residue, etc.) and residual light weight (wood, paper, etc.) is described.

  As a waste sorting mechanism, a sorting process using wind power is used. For example, in Patent Document 2, waste is dropped into an air stream blown from a nozzle by a blower and sorted according to weight. The point that it was made to recirculate so that it may blow in from a suction nozzle with a blower is indicated. Further, in Patent Document 3, mixed waste is transferred by a vibration conveyor, and a plurality of stages of blower outlets are arranged below the vibration conveyor drop opening to blow away and sort the waste falling from the vibration conveyor. A wind sorter is described.

JP 2006-315000 A Japanese Patent Publication No.57-48274 JP 2007-175683 A

  When disposing of the waste containing various solid materials as described above, it is necessary to remove the combustible material from the waste for final disposal at the stable final disposal site. Since there is a problem that if combustible materials are mixed and landfilled with waste, combustible materials will rot and gas will be generated, the combustible materials contained in the waste will be removed when the waste is brought into the final disposal site. It is required to incinerate separately and bring incombustibles to the final disposal site. For this reason, a clear standard is set for the ratio of combustible materials contained in the waste carried into the final disposal site, and waste containing combustible materials exceeding this standard cannot be brought into the final disposal site.

  For this reason, in the above-mentioned patent documents, combustibles are sorted by wind power with respect to waste, but it is difficult to reliably set the ratio of combustibles below a standard for various kinds of waste. there were.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a waste sorting and processing apparatus capable of reliably reducing the ratio of combustible materials to a level at which it can be brought into a final disposal site with respect to waste containing various solid materials. It is intended.

  The waste sorting and processing apparatus according to the present invention has a transfer surface on which a sieve having a predetermined size is formed, and also transfers the waste mixed with solid matter while vibrating the transfer surface to transfer particulate matter from the sieve. A vibration transfer mechanism that drops and sorts solid matter, and a plurality of nozzle portions that are arranged above and below the discharge portion of the vibration transfer mechanism and blow out air in a direction crossing the falling direction of the waste, and air in the nozzle portions A blower mechanism including a blower source for supplying the blower, and the blower mechanism includes a wind direction adjusting unit that adjusts the blowing direction of the nozzle part so as to be rotatable up and down, and the nozzle part disposed below The waste that falls is set upward so as to intersect the blowing direction of the nozzle portion disposed above, and the falling waste is sorted into heavy and light by wind power. Furthermore, the air blowing mechanism includes an air volume adjusting means for adjusting the air volume of each nozzle portion. Further, the blower mechanism includes an exhaust blower that supplies air to the nozzle part as a blower source via a blower duct, and an opening of an intake duct connected to an intake port of the exhaust blower is provided in the nozzle part. An air flow is formed so that air blown out from the nozzle portion in a face-to-face arrangement is collected in the opening.

  Since the present invention includes the above-described configuration, and includes a wind direction adjusting means that individually adjusts the blowing direction of the plurality of nozzle portions so as to be able to rotate up and down individually, It can be adjusted so that the incombustible material which is a heavy material and the combustible material which is a light material are reliably sorted by rotating the blowing direction of the nozzle part up and down. Therefore, even when waste containing a variety of solids is introduced, it is possible to precisely select the incombustible and combustible materials for each waste by finely adjusting the wind direction of each nozzle according to the characteristics of each waste. It becomes possible to set to.

  And, by setting the blowing direction of the nozzle part arranged below upward so as to intersect with the blowing direction of the nozzle part arranged above, it is possible to reduce the weight from waste by blowing air from two intersecting blowing directions. The combustibles that are can be reliably sorted by wind power.

  Moreover, since the sorting process by wind force is performed after the particulate solid is sorted in advance by the vibration transfer mechanism, it is possible to prevent the particulate solid from being scattered by blowing.

  In addition, by providing an air volume adjusting means for adjusting the air flow rate of each nozzle part, it is possible to adjust the air direction and air volume blown from each nozzle part so as to perform the optimum air flow for selecting incombustibles and combustibles as waste. Can be set to

  In addition, the opening of the intake duct connected to the suction port of the exhaust blower, which is a blower source, is disposed opposite the nozzle part to form an air flow so that the air blown from the nozzle part is collected in the opening part. The air blown from the nozzle portion is used to collect the air used for the sorting process by utilizing the intake operation of the exhaust blower, and dust and dust flying on the airflow are also collected to prevent scattering to the surroundings.

It is the schematic which shows the process process of the whole system provided with embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the front view and AA sectional drawing regarding a rough selection mechanism. It is the front view regarding a magnetic sorter, and the side view seen from the S direction. It is the front view and side view regarding a wind-power selection mechanism. It is the front view and bottom view regarding a vibration feeder. It is a perspective view regarding a nozzle part. It is explanatory drawing regarding the selection process of a wind power selection mechanism.

  Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail. The embodiments described below are preferable specific examples for carrying out the present invention, and thus various technical limitations are made. However, the present invention is particularly limited in the following description. Unless otherwise specified, the present invention is not limited to these forms.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing processing steps of an entire waste sorting processing system including an embodiment according to the present invention. In the waste sorting processing system shown in FIG. 1, firstly, the brought-in waste W is transported by the transport conveyor 1 and put into the rough sorting mechanism 2. In the coarse sorting mechanism 2, the input waste W is passed through the predetermined size sieves, the passing wastes W 1 and W 2 are dropped and roughly sorted, and the residual waste W 3 is transferred to the belt conveyor 3 for the next manual sorting process. Be transported.

  In the manual sorting process, the worker M sorts and collects plastic bottles, empty cans, plastic pieces, metal pieces, etc., from the residual waste W3 conveyed by the belt conveyor 3. The residual waste W4 after the manual sorting process is transferred to the belt conveyor 4 for the next magnetic sorting process. A magnetic separator 5 is installed above the conveying path of the belt conveyor 4 and collects metal pieces and the like from the residual waste W4 being conveyed by magnetic force. The residual waste W5 after the magnetic field sorting process is transferred to the next wind power sorting mechanism 6. As will be described later, the wind power sorting mechanism 6 blows while dropping the residual waste W5 to be input, and sorts it into a non-combustible material that is heavy and a combustible material that is lightweight. In this example, the wind sorting mechanism 6 corresponds to the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention.

  FIG. 2 shows a front view (FIG. 2A) and a cross-sectional view taken along line AA (FIG. 2B) regarding the rough sorting mechanism 2. The coarse sorting mechanism 2 includes a cylindrical coarse sorting cylinder portion 10, a net made of a metal wire rod is attached to the entire circumferential surface of the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10, and the mesh size is set to 40 mm. ing.

  The coarse sorting cylinder portion 10 is rotatably installed on a support frame 12 attached to the support base 11 at an angle. The support frame 12 is provided with a pair of rotating rollers 14a facing the rail portion 10a provided at the periphery of one end of the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10, and provided at the periphery of the other end. A pair of rotating rollers 14b are provided facing the rail portion 10b. The coarse sorting cylinder portion 10 is disposed so as to be sandwiched between a pair of rotating rollers, and one of the rotating rollers 14a and 14b is driven to rotate by the motors 13a and 13b, respectively. The rail portions 10a and 10b that are in contact with each other rotate in synchronization with each other, and the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10 is rotated.

  The support frame 12 is inclined such that an opening at one end of the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10 faces obliquely upward, and a hopper 15 for introducing waste W is provided at the opening. . Further, a pair of guide plates 16a and 16b are installed so as to cover the lower half along both sides of the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10, and the guide plates 16a and 16b are extended downward to form discharge ports 17a and 17b. Has been. A discharge guide 18 extends from the opening at the other end of the coarse sorting cylinder 10.

  In the coarse sorting mechanism 2, when the waste W is introduced from the hopper 15 while rotating the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10, the waste sorting W moves by its own weight because the coarse sorting cylinder portion 10 is inclined and installed. It becomes like this. Since the coarse sorting cylinder 10 has a net attached to the entire circumferential surface, the wastes W1 and W2, which are smaller than the mesh, move and fall through the mesh while moving inside. And the coarse sorting cylinder part 10 rotates, and the overlapping waste material is scattered and can be surely screened.

  Waste W3 remaining in the coarse sorting cylinder 10 without passing through the mesh is discharged from the opening at the other end of the coarse sorting cylinder 10 and guided by the discharge guide 18 to fall on the belt conveyor 3. Then, it is transported to the next manual sorting process.

  FIG. 3 shows a front view (FIG. 3A) and a side view (FIG. 3B) viewed from the S direction regarding the magnetic separator 5. In the magnetic separator 5, pulleys 21a and 21b are rotatably attached to the lower surface of the support frame 20, and an endless belt 22 is stretched around the pulleys 21a and 21b. An electromagnet device 23 is installed and fixed between the pulleys 21a and 21b. A mounting frame 26 is disposed on the upper surface of the support frame 20, and a motor 25 and a pulley 21 a installed on the mounting frame 26 are connected by a driving belt 24. Further, the support frame 20 is suspended at positions facing the belt conveyor 4 that conveys the residual waste W <b> 4 by the suspension wires 27 at the four corners.

  When the motor 25 is rotationally driven while generating a magnetic force from the electromagnet device 23, the pulley 21a rotates via the drive belt 24, and the endless belt 22 rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. Therefore, the metal piece in the residual waste W4 attracted by the generated magnetic force is attracted to the surface of the endless belt 22 and moves together with the endless belt 22, but when the metal piece reaches the vicinity of the pulley 21b, the magnetic force of the electromagnet device 23 is reached. The metal piece is detached from the endless belt 22 and falls into the container 28. In this way, the metal pieces in the residual waste W4 are selected and removed.

  FIG. 4 is a front view (FIG. 4 (a)) and a side view (FIG. 4 (b)) regarding the wind power selection mechanism 6. The wind power sorting mechanism 6 is provided with a box-shaped building 30 for performing a sorting process. A partition plate 31 is erected in the center of the building 30 so as to be defined in two areas. A movable plate 32 is attached to the upper portion of the partition plate 31 so as to be movable up and down.

  Above one area defined by the partition plate 31, the downstream end of the belt conveyor 4 is inserted into an opening 30a formed in the building 30, and the residual waste W5 falling from the belt conveyor 4 is left. A vibration feeder 33 is attached so as to be inserted.

  FIG. 5 is a front view (FIG. 5A) and a bottom view (FIG. 5B) regarding the vibration feeder 33. The vibration feeder 33 includes a hopper portion 330 having a rectangular shape in plan view into which the residual waste W5 is thrown from the belt conveyor 4, and the three sides of the hopper portion 330 are formed in a frame shape so that waste is not prepared. The remaining one side portion is a discharge portion 331 from which waste falls without a frame.

  A frame-shaped attachment portion 332 is fixed to the bottom surface of the hopper portion 330 so as to protrude downward. A pair of vibrators 333 are fixedly attached to the attachment portion 332 on the side opposite to the discharge portion 331. In addition, hanging suspension members 334 are fixed to four locations on the outer periphery of the hopper portion 330, and the lower end portion of the support frame body 335 is latched to the locking members 334. The support frame 335 is attached to the support hook 337 via a buffer coil spring 336. The bottom surface of the hopper 330 serves as a transfer surface for the thrown-in waste, and a large number of small-diameter meshes are formed at predetermined intervals from the discharge unit 331 to form a sieve unit 338.

  The vibration feeder 33 is set so that the hopper portion 330 is inclined and suspended so that the discharge portion 331 is the lowest, and the vibrator 333 generates a vibration operation in the vertical direction so that the entire vibration feeder 33 is in the vertical direction. Will vibrate slightly.

  The residual waste W <b> 5 thrown into the hopper unit 330 moves while being vibrated in the inclination direction by the vibration operation of the entire hopper unit 330 and falls from the discharge unit 331. And by giving a vibration to the residual waste W5, the waste in a state where the paper pieces, the plastic sheets, etc. are in close contact with each other is separated, and the sand, glass pieces, plastic pieces, etc. attached to the wastes The particulate waste is also separated and passes through the through-hole of the sieve portion 338 and falls downward.

  An exhaust blower 34, which is a blower source, is installed outside the building 30, and a blower duct 35 is connected to an exhaust port on the exhaust side of the exhaust blower 34, and an intake duct 36 is connected to an intake port on the intake side. Has been. The blower duct 35 is connected to branch pipes 35a and 35b that extend to a position corresponding to the vibration feeder 33 and branch into two vertically. The tip portions of the branch pipes 35a and 35b penetrate the wall surface of the building 30 and are connected to the nozzle portions 37 and 38, respectively. Further, the branch pipes 35a and 35b are respectively provided with adjusting valves 35c and 35d for adjusting the air flow rate.

  The nozzle portions 37 and 38 are arranged in two upper and lower stages below the discharge portion 331 of the vibration feeder 33. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the nozzle portion. The upper nozzle part 37 is provided with a support cylinder part 37a connected to the branch pipe 35a, and a movable cylinder part 37b is attached to the outer periphery of the support cylinder part 37a so as to be rotatable in a close contact state. The movable cylinder portion 37b is formed with a blowing portion 37c protruding outward along the longitudinal direction. An opening having a predetermined width is formed along the longitudinal direction on the outer periphery of the support cylinder part 37a, and the blowout part 37c is set in a state in which the formed opening coincides with the inside of the support cylinder part 37a. The air sent to is blown out from the blowing part 37c. By rotating the movable cylinder part 37b and moving the blowing part 37c up and down, the blowing direction blown out from the blowing part 37c can be adjusted. The blowout part 37c is arranged at a position almost directly below the discharge part 331, and the width of the blowout port in the longitudinal direction is set to be wider than the width of the discharge part 331.

  The lower nozzle part 38 is provided with a support cylinder part 38a connected to the branch pipe 35b, and a movable cylinder part 38b is attached to the outer periphery of the support cylinder part 38a so as to be rotatable in a close contact state. On the movable cylinder part 38b, a blowing part 38c is formed protruding outward along the longitudinal direction. Similarly to the nozzle portion 37, the air blown portion 38c is set in a state where it coincides with the opening formed on the outer periphery of the support cylindrical portion 38a, and the air fed into the support cylindrical portion 38a from the branch pipe 35a is blown out. It comes out from 38c. Further, similarly to the nozzle part 37, it is possible to adjust the blowing direction in which the movable cylinder part 38b is rotated and blown out from the blowing part 38c. The blowing portion 38c is arranged in parallel to a position almost directly below the blowing portion 37c, and the width of the blowing port in the longitudinal direction is set to substantially coincide with the width of the blowing portion of the blowing portion 37c.

  The air intake duct 36 is extended and attached to the ceiling portion of the building 30, and the front end thereof is an opening 36 a that communicates with the inside of the building 30. The opening 36a opens in the other area defined by the partition plate 31, and a screen 39 is installed so as to surround the opening 36a. The screen portion 39 is configured by attaching a plurality of sheet frames 39a each having a mesh sheet stretched thereon, and each sheet frame 39a is detachably provided.

  When the exhaust blower 34 is operated, air is blown out from the nozzle portions 37 and 38, and an airflow is formed in which the blown air is sucked from the opening 36a opened in the blowing direction and recirculated to the exhaust blower 34. As the air circulates, dust and dust that are scattered when wind is applied to waste are prevented from diffusing around. Further, since dust and dust scattered with air are captured and collected by the screen unit 39, adverse effects on the surrounding environment during the sorting process can be suppressed.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram relating to the sorting process of the wind power sorting mechanism 6. The blowing direction T1 of the upper nozzle part 37 is set so as to cross the direction in which the waste from the discharge part 331 of the vibration feeder 33 falls, and may be set slightly upward from the horizontal direction. Further, the blowing direction T2 of the lower nozzle portion 38 is set upward so as to intersect the blowing direction T1 in the direction crossing the waste falling direction.

  The upper end of the partition plate 31 is set to be lower than the blowing directions T1 and T2, and the movable plate 32 is also raised to a position where the blowing directions T1 and T2 are not blocked.

  The residual waste W5 charged into the vibration feeder 33 from the belt conveyor 4 is first sorted by dropping the particulate waste W6 from the sieving part while receiving the vibration of the vertical movement by the vibration feeder 33. And the waste which falls apart from the discharge part 331 while moving the vibration feeder 33 receives the air blown from the nozzle parts 37 and 38, and is sorted into heavy and light. Even if heavy objects such as bricks, tiles, and tiles are blown, they are dropped without being affected by the wind force. Further, a lightweight object such as a piece of paper or a plastic sheet comes up by being blown and falls over the partition plate 31 into the other area.

  The sorted heavy objects can be treated as non-combustible materials, but non-combustible materials that are relatively lightweight are displaced from the falling direction due to the influence of wind power. Therefore, the height of the movable plate 32 attached to the partition plate 31 is adjusted so as not to exceed the partition plate.

  In addition, although the selected lightweight material can be treated as a combustible material, it becomes heavier in the case of a combustible material containing moisture, so that the discharge direction T2 of the nozzle portion 38 is adjusted upward to the waste. Give upward wind force. And by making the blowing direction T2 intersect the blowing direction T1 from the nozzle part 37, it is scattered so as to exceed the partition plate 31 by the air blown from the nozzle part 37, and is sorted as a lightweight object.

  In addition, the adjustment valves 35c and 35d provided in the branch pipes 35a and 35b are adjusted to change the amount of air blown out from the nozzle portions 37 and 38, respectively, and the wind power given to the waste is finely adjusted according to the characteristics to make the nonflammable This makes it possible to accurately sort materials and combustible materials. Further, the entire blown amount blown out from the nozzle portions 37 and 38 may be changed by adjusting the output of the exhaust blower 34.

  As described above, the direction and amount of air blown from the nozzle portions 37 and 38 and the partition plate so that the incombustible material and the combustible material are selected as heavy and light materials, respectively, according to the characteristics of the input waste. You can finely adjust the height. By making such adjustments, it is possible to sort the waste into a waste in which the proportion of combustible materials is reduced to a level where it can be brought into the final disposal site by eliminating as much combustible materials as possible from waste containing various solid materials.

  Since the air blown out from the nozzle portions 37 and 38 is sucked from the opening 36a, an air flow is formed from the nozzle portion toward the opening so that dust and dust scattered during the sorting process do not diffuse around. To be. In addition, dust and dust riding on the airflow are captured by the screen unit 39, and the captured dust and dust are collected by periodically removing the sheet frame 39a.

1 Conveyor 2 Coarse sorting mechanism 3 Belt conveyor 4 Belt conveyor 5 Magnetic separator 6 Wind sorting mechanism
33 Vibration feeder
34 Exhaust blower
35 Air duct
36 Air intake duct
37 Nozzle
38 Nozzle

Claims (4)

  A vibration transfer mechanism that has a transfer surface on which a sieve having a predetermined size is formed, transfers waste mixed with solids while vibrating the transfer surface, and drops and sorts particulate solids from the sieve And a blower mechanism provided with a plurality of nozzle parts arranged above and below the discharge part of the vibration transfer mechanism and blowing air in a direction crossing the falling direction of the waste, and a blower source for supplying air to the nozzle parts. The air blowing mechanism includes air direction adjusting means for adjusting the blowing direction of the nozzle part so as to be rotatable up and down, and the nozzle arranged above the blowing direction of the nozzle part arranged below A waste sorting processing apparatus, wherein the waste that falls by setting upward so as to intersect the blowing direction of the section is sorted into heavy and light by wind power.   The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blowing mechanism includes an air volume adjusting unit that adjusts an air volume of each nozzle portion.   The blower mechanism includes an exhaust blower that supplies air to the nozzle portion via the blower duct as the blower source, and an opening portion of an intake duct connected to an intake port of the exhaust blower is disposed opposite to the nozzle portion. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an air flow is formed so that the air blown from the nozzle portion is collected in the opening.   A waste sorting and processing system comprising the waste sorting and processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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