JP2011183239A - Washing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to efficiently clean dirt on a surface to be cleaned having fine irregularities.
A cleaning nozzle includes a gas ejection nozzle, a liquid ejection nozzle, and a fluid supply unit. The gas ejection nozzle 11 is provided with a plurality of gas ejection ports 22 arranged side by side. The liquid ejection nozzle 12 is disposed in the gas ejection nozzle 11 so that the nozzle tip 32 is located at a position corresponding to each gas ejection port 22. The cleaning liquid 43 is ejected from the nozzle tip 32, and air is ejected from the gas ejection port 22. The liquid jet 45 from the liquid jet 32 a is made into fine liquid particles 43 a by the gas jet 46 from the gas jet 22, and this is accelerated by the gas jet 46 to collide with the surface to be cleaned as the liquid jet 44. The fine liquid particles 43a enter the fine concave portions of the surface to be cleaned 50 to remove the dirt. The surface to be cleaned 50 is vibrated by a shock wave caused by the collision of the gas jet 46 with the surface to be cleaned 50, and dirt and dust are floated and removed.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a cleaning apparatus for cleaning metal surfaces and painted surfaces of transportation equipment, plant equipment, and the like.

  Vehicle cleaning devices are used to clean transport equipment, such as railcar skins. The vehicle cleaning apparatus includes a chemical liquid application unit that applies a chemical liquid such as a detergent to the surface of the vehicle, a cleaning liquid injection unit that injects the cleaning liquid onto the surface on which the chemical liquid is applied, and a cleaning brush that cleans the surface on which the chemical liquid is applied. An air blower or the like for injecting airflow onto the vehicle surface after washing is provided. Then, while running the vehicle at a low speed, after applying a chemical to the surface of the vehicle, the cleaning brush is rotated while spraying the cleaning liquid on the surface of the vehicle to clean the surface of the vehicle, and then an air flow is injected. Thus, water droplets attached to the surface of the vehicle are blown off (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In recent years, stainless steel vehicles have increased in place of painted vehicles. The surface of such a stainless steel vehicle has a matte finish, and fine irregularities are formed on the surface. Therefore, when dirt adheres to the concave portion, the concave portion is small with respect to the fiber thickness of the cleaning bran, so that there is a problem that the brush tip does not reach the bottom of the concave portion and the dirt cannot be removed.

  Further, instead of the cleaning brush, cleaning using a high-pressure water flow is also performed. However, such a cleaning method has a problem that water penetrates into the vehicle through a gap of the vehicle because the water pressure is as high as 5 MPa to 20 MPa. In addition, since it is a high-pressure water stream, there is a problem in that it requires a post-treatment such as waste water in addition to a large consumption of water and an increase in running cost.

  In place of the high-pressure water washing described above, it has also been proposed to inject a mixture of washing particles and fluid with a compressed gas or to inject the washing particles under pressure with a liquid (see, for example, Patent Document 2). This injection device includes a suction port for sucking a mixed liquid composed of cleaning particles and water, an injection port for ejecting compressed air, a gun body for stirring while sucking the mixed liquid from the suction port by compressed air from the injection port, and a gun The nozzle part etc. which inject the injection water which consists of washing | cleaning particle | grains, water, and air from a body are provided, and injection water is injected with the low discharge pressure of about 0.2 MPa-0.8 MPa. Since the cleaning particles are finer than the recesses, the cleaning particles can surely reach the recesses and remove the dirt attached to the recesses.

JP 7-002064 A JP 2006-061791 A

  However, in the thing of patent document 2, in order to inject spray water with a low discharge pressure, it is necessary to wash | clean to the washing | cleaning surface, and when a washing | cleaning surface has a projection part and a dent part, an appropriate injection distance Is difficult to set, and cleaning may be insufficient. In addition to the time and effort required to mix the cleaning particles, clogging due to the cleaning particles may occur, resulting in inconvenience such as taking time for maintenance. Furthermore, in the thing of patent document 2, since cleaning particle | grains, water, and air are made to merge in a gun body, there also exists a problem that a pressure loss becomes large and the delivery effect by air etc. cannot fully be acquired. .

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a cleaning apparatus that can ensure a sufficient distance between a surface to be cleaned and a nozzle, and that can efficiently perform cleaning while suppressing consumption of cleaning liquid and compressed air. For the purpose.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gas ejection nozzle having a plurality of gas ejection ports for ejecting gas toward a surface to be cleaned, and each gas ejection port of the gas ejection nozzle. A liquid ejection nozzle having a liquid ejection port for ejecting liquid toward the gas ejection direction by the outlet; and a fluid supply unit for supplying the liquid to the liquid ejection nozzle and supplying the gas to the gas ejection nozzle. The liquid jet from the liquid jet nozzle is pulverized into fine liquid particles by the gas jet from the gas outlet, and the fine liquid particles are accelerated by the gas jet to collide with the surface to be cleaned. .

  The gas ejection nozzle is configured by arranging a plurality of the gas ejection ports in a cylinder core direction of the head body on the circumferential surface of a cylindrical head body, and the liquid ejection nozzle is formed in a bullet shape. It is characterized by. The fluid supply unit supplies the liquid at a pressure P1 of 0.15 MPa to 0.5 MPa and a discharge amount Q1 of 0.3 L / min to 1.0 L / min, and the gas to a pressure P2 Is supplied at a discharge rate Q2 of 5000 L / min or more and 17000 L / min or less, and P1 <P2 and Q1 <Q2.

  According to the present invention, the liquid jet is pulverized with a gas jet to form fine liquid particles, which are accelerated by the gas jet and collide with the surface to be cleaned. Grain enters and gives an impact to the dirt adhering to the inside of the recess, which can be surely dropped. Moreover, since the gas jet collides with the surface to be cleaned and vibrates the plate-shaped surface to be cleaned instead of impact energy, fine dirt in micron units that have entered the recess can be lifted from the inside. Can be blown away. In addition, since the liquid jet is pulverized as fine liquid particles by the gas jet and collides with the surface to be cleaned by the gas jet, the amount of liquid to be used can be reduced compared with the conventional high-pressure water cleaning method, and the running cost is excellent. In addition, water does not enter the interior through the gaps on the surface as in the high pressure water flow cleaning method. Thus, the division effect of the liquid jet into the fine liquid particles by the gas jet, the acceleration effect by the gas jet of the fine liquid particles, the vibration effect of the surface to be cleaned by the impact energy due to the collision of the gas jet with the surface to be cleaned, Due to the blow-off effect by the gas jet, it is possible to remove from microscopic dirt adhered to the minute recesses to large dust in a non-contact manner.

  In particular, the fluid supply unit supplies the liquid at a pressure P1 of 0.15 MPa to 0.5 MPa and a discharge amount Q1 of 0.3 L / min to 1.0 L / min, and the gas is supplied at a pressure P2. Supplying 0.05 to 1.2 MPa and a discharge rate Q2 of 5000 L / min to 17000 L / min and satisfying P1 <P2 and Q1 <Q2 can reduce the amount of compressed air used. As a result, the blower device, which is a supply source of compressed air, can be reduced in size and energy can be saved. In addition, the amount of cleaning liquid used can be reduced, and energy saving can be achieved as well.

It is a side view which notches and shows a part of washing nozzle of this invention. It is a top view of a washing nozzle. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the use condition of a washing | cleaning apparatus typically. It is a schematic front view which shows the washing | cleaning apparatus of a railway vehicle. It is general | schematic sectional drawing which expands and shows a to-be-cleaned surface.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments listed here. As shown in FIG. 1, the cleaning nozzle 10 includes a gas ejection nozzle 11, a liquid ejection nozzle 12, and a fluid supply unit 13 that supplies fluid to the nozzles 11 and 12.

  The gas ejection nozzle 11 includes a head main body 20 made of a cylindrical pipe and a cap 21 that closes one end of the head main body 20. A gas jet port 22 is formed in the radial direction on the peripheral surface of the head body 20 so as to penetrate the tube wall. The gas ejection ports 22 are formed in a line in parallel with the cylindrical core CL1, and in this embodiment, the diameter D1 is 18 mm and the pitch P1 is 35 mm.

  An air supply hose 23 is connected to the end of the head body 20 opposite to the attachment end of the cap 21. The air supply hose 23 is a bellows-like synthetic resin hose and has excellent flexibility. The air supply hose 23 is connected to a blower 24 so that air from the blower 24 is sent into the head main body 20. As described above, the air supply hose 23 having the same diameter as the head main body 20 is directly connected to the other end of the head main body 20, thereby reducing pressure loss and efficiently sending air to the head main body 20. .

  A liquid ejection nozzle fixing hole 25 is formed at the center of the cap 21 so as to penetrate the cap 21. As shown in FIG. 2, a liquid ejection nozzle mounting hole 26 is formed on the peripheral surface of the head body 20 so as to penetrate the tube wall.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid ejection nozzle 12 includes a main pipe 30, a branch pipe 31, and a nozzle tip 32. As shown in FIG. 1, a fixed end 35 made of a round bar is attached to one end of the main pipe 30, and a liquid supply end 36 is attached to the other end of the main pipe 30. The fixed end portion 35 is fitted into the nozzle fixing hole 25 of the cap 21, and the liquid supply end portion 36 is fitted into the mounting hole 26, whereby the liquid ejection nozzle 12 is fixed in the head body 20. The liquid ejection nozzle 12 is attached so that the main pipe 30 of the liquid ejection nozzle is along the cylinder core CL1 of the head body 20. A seal member such as a packing is inserted so that air does not leak from these attachment portions when the fixed end portion 35 and the liquid supply end portion 36 are attached to the head main body 20.

  The same number of branch pipes 31 are provided at the same pitch in the direction orthogonal to the main pipe 30 corresponding to the number of the gas ejection ports 22 formed. A nozzle tip 32 is attached to the tip of the branch pipe 31. The length of the branch pipe 31 is set so that the opening surface of the liquid jet port 32 a of the nozzle chip 32 is the same as the opening surface of the gas jet port 22 of the head body 20. The branch pipe 31 is fixed to the main pipe 30 with an adhesive in the case of a vinyl chloride pipe. Further, in the case of a metal pipe, it is fixed by welding or a screw seal structure.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the nozzle tip 32 is formed in a cannonball shape, and a liquid ejection port 32a is formed along the central axis. The nozzle tip 32 is configured by the main pipe 30 and the branch pipe 31 so that the center of the nozzle tip 32 is aligned with the center of the gas ejection port 22. Thus, since the center of the nozzle tip 32 is attached to the center of the liquid jet port 32a and the nozzle tip 32 is formed in a bullet shape, the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle tip 32 and the gas jet port are formed. The air sent from the blower 24 is blown out from between the inner peripheral surface 22.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a cleaning liquid supply hose 40 is connected to the liquid supply end portion 36 via a coupling 39. The cleaning liquid supply hose 40 is connected to the pump 41. The pump 41 is connected to a tank 42, and the pump 41 feeds the cleaning liquid 43 in the tank 42 to the main pipe 30. In this embodiment, water is used as the cleaning liquid 43. When the cleaning liquid 43 is supplied to the main pipe 30, the cleaning liquid 43 is ejected from the tip of the nozzle tip 32.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cleaning liquid 43 is ejected from the liquid ejection port 32a (the cleaning liquid resulting from this ejection is referred to as the liquid jet 45), and the air is ejected from the gas ejection port 22 (the air resulting from this ejection is referred to as the gas jet 46). As a result, the cleaning liquid 43 is crushed into fine liquid particles 43 a to form a liquid particle jet 44 and sent toward the surface to be cleaned 50. By adjusting the gas ejection amount and the liquid ejection amount at this time, the liquid particle 43a is made into a fine liquid particle of about 50 to 200 μm without making it a mist having a particle diameter of about 1 to 10 μm. By accelerating the fine liquid particles 43a by jetting air and sending them to the surface to be cleaned 50 as a liquid particle jet 44, the surface to be cleaned 50 can be cleaned. Moreover, by making the gas ejection amount of ^{7m 3} / ^min~10m 3 / min at 7000～12000Pa, it is not necessary to use a high pressure air, it can be efficiently cleaned.

For example, when the hole diameter of the gas outlet 22 is 18 mm, 10 pieces are formed at a pitch of 35 mm, and the nozzle tip 32 having an outer diameter of 10 mm and a liquid outlet 32 a of 1 mm is disposed in the gas outlet 22. In the case of the fine liquid particles 43a having an average particle size of about 100 μm, the air feed rate to the head body 20 is 12 m ³ / min, the blow-off flow rate at the gas jet port 22 is 45 m / S, and the nozzle tip 32 The water supply amount is 300 mL / min per chip, and the supply pressure is 0.3 MPa.

  In the above embodiment, the gas ejection ports 22 and the nozzle tips 32 are formed in one row in the direction of the cylinder core CL1 of the head body 20, but may be formed in a plurality of rows. The gas ejection ports 22 and the nozzle tips 32 are formed with a quantity and a pitch that cover the cleaning area of the surface to be cleaned 50. Further, instead of disposing the gas jets 22 and the nozzle tips 32 at a constant pitch, the part having a high degree of dirt is partially changed in pitch between the gas jets 22 and the nozzle tips 32 according to the degree of dirt on the surface 50 to be cleaned. Alternatively, the arrangement density may be increased.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, four cleaning nozzles 10 are used for cleaning the railway vehicle 60. Therefore, the four cleaning nozzles 10 are attached to the attachment frame 51 in two rows in the vertical direction in two rows. The mounting frame 51 is disposed along the rail 61 of the railway vehicle 60. Therefore, the side surface of the railway vehicle 60 can be cleaned by ejecting the liquid jet 45 and the gas jet 46 from the cleaning nozzle 10 and running the railway vehicle 60 at a low speed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, at the time of cleaning, air is ejected from the gas ejection port 22, and water as a cleaning liquid is ejected from the liquid ejection port 32a. Since the nozzle tip 32 is arranged in the gas jet port 22 so that the air jet direction and the gas jet direction coincide with each other, and the opening surfaces of the liquid jet port 32a and the gas jet port 22 are substantially the same, the liquid jet port 32a. When the liquid is ejected from the liquid jet 45, the cleaning liquid 43 is crushed and divided by the gas jet 46 generated by blowing air from the gas jet port 22, and the substantially spherical fine liquid particles 43a on the order of 50 to 200 μm (FIG. 4). Reference). The fine liquid particles 43 a are accelerated by receiving the straight traveling energy by the gas jet 46 and become a liquid jet 44 to collide with the surface to be cleaned 50. In particular, since the gas jet 46 is applied to the liquid jet 45 in an open atmospheric pressure state, the expansion energy when the gas jet 46 is released into the atmosphere can be used, and the liquid jet 45 is efficiently divided into fine liquid particles 43a. Can be crushed and divided.

  The dirt 56 and dust 57 adhering to the surface to be cleaned 50 can be removed by peeling or scraping off due to the impact caused by the collision of the fine liquid particles 43a on the surface 50 to be cleaned.

  Further, the gas jet 46 also collides with the surface to be cleaned 50, and the surface to be cleaned 50 is vibrated by the shock wave energy resulting from the collision, and the dirt 56 and dust 57 are knocked down more efficiently. Also, the dirt 56 and dust 57 that have been knocked off are blown off by the gas jet 46.

  Thus, the pulverization / split effect on the fine liquid particles 43 a by joining the gas jet 46 to the liquid jet 45, the acceleration effect of the fine liquid particles 43 a by the gas jet 46, and the gas jet 46 collide with the surface to be cleaned 50. The vibration effect of the surface to be cleaned 50 caused by the shock wave and the blow-off effect by the gas jet 46 act as a synergistic effect, and the non-contact type cleaning is surely performed from minute dirt 56, dust 57 to large dust etc. on the surface to be cleaned. can do. In addition, the amount of the cleaning liquid used can be suppressed as compared with the conventional high-pressure water flow type jet cleaning, and there is no inconvenience that the high-pressure water flow enters from the gap of the surface 50 to be cleaned. Further, since a contact method such as a brush method is not used, a linear trace due to the brush does not remain.

  The pressure P1 of the liquid supplied to the cleaning nozzle 10 for ejecting the liquid jet 45 is 0.15 MPa to 0.5 MPa, the discharge amount Q1 is 0.3 L / min to 1.0 L / min, and the gas The pressure P2 of the gas supplied to the cleaning nozzle 10 to eject the jet 46 is 0.05 MPa to 1.2 MPa, the discharge amount Q2 is 5000 L / min to 17000 L / min, P1 <P2, and Q1 <Q2. If present, the formation and spraying of fine liquid particles 43a, the application of a shock wave by a gas jet, and the blowing off effect are obtained. At this time, the diameter of the gas ejection port 22 is 18 mm, and the diameter of the liquid ejection port 32a is 1.8 mm. The distance L1 between the nozzle tip 12a and the surface to be cleaned 50 is 80 mm.

  When the discharge pressure P1 of the liquid jet 45 is less than 0.15 MPa, the collision energy becomes weak due to insufficient liquid jet, and when P1 exceeds 0.5 MPa, the gas jet 46 does not act effectively due to excessive liquid jet, and collision occurs. Energy is weakened. Further, when the discharge pressure P2 of the gas jet 46 is less than 0.05 MPa, the collision energy becomes weak. The higher this P2, the greater the collision energy and the cleaning effect. However, if it exceeds 1.2 MPa, the surface to be cleaned will be destroyed.

  Similarly, if the discharge amount Q1 of the liquid jet 45 is less than 0.3 L / min, the collision energy is weak, and if it exceeds 1.0 L / min, the gas jet does not act effectively due to excessive liquid jet, and the collision energy. Becomes weaker. Further, when the discharge amount Q2 of the gas jet 46 is less than 5000 L / min, the collision energy acting on the liquid becomes weak, and when it exceeds 17000 L / min, the surface to be cleaned is destroyed.

  In addition, the following ranges may be sufficient as said P1, Q1, P2, and Q2. P1 is 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa, Q1 is 0.5 L / min to 0.7 L / min, P2 is 0.1 MPa to 1.2 MPa, Q2 is 7000 L / min to 12000 L / It is below min. Particularly preferable ranges are P1 of 0.25 MPa to 0.3 MPa, Q1 of 0.5 L / min to 0.6 L / min, P2 of 0.7 MPa to 1.0 MPa, and Q2 of 8000 L / min to 10,000 L. / Min or less.

  Further, although the gas jet port 22 is a straight type in which the hole diameter does not change, it may be tapered so that the hole diameter gradually decreases toward the outside. In addition to the conical surface shape, the tapered shape may be a shape in which the tapered surface bulges inward.

  In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is implemented as the apparatus for cleaning the outer plate of the railway vehicle 60. However, the object to be cleaned is not limited to the railway vehicle 60, and may be other transportation equipment such as an automobile, an aircraft, and a ship. The present invention is not limited to transportation equipment, and the present invention can be carried out on all surfaces having minute irregularities that require cleaning. Further, the surface to be cleaned 50 is not limited to a flat surface and may be a curved surface. In this case, the mounting frame to which the cleaning nozzle 10 is attached is shaped to match the curved surface so that the distance L1 between the nozzle tip and the surface to be cleaned is the same. Further, in the surface cleaning, in addition to moving the surface to be cleaned, the cleaning nozzle 10 side may be moved, or both of them may be moved.

In the case of the present embodiment, the gas ejection amount from the gas ejection port 22 is set to 12000 m ³ / min, the blowing flow velocity is set to 45 m / sec, and the gas ejection amount is suppressed. The cleaning effect may be reduced against dirt. In this case, separately, for example, a portion where the window is positioned may be cleaned by another method using another cleaning head with a high blowing flow rate.

  The cleaning nozzle 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used. The outer diameter of the head body 20 is 114 mm, the length is 530 mm, the diameter of the gas ejection port 22 is 18 mm, the outer diameter of the nozzle tip 32 is 7 mm, and the liquid jet The diameter of the outlet 32a was 1 mm, and the tip shape of the nozzle tip 32 was hemispherical. The gas used was compressed air of 1.2 MPa, the ejection amount per nozzle was 10,000 L (liter) / min, the liquid was 0.3 MPa water, and the ejection amount per nozzle was 300 mL / min. Due to the pressure loss at the gas jet port 22 of compressed air, the gas was actually discharged to the atmosphere at 1.2 MPa to form a gas jet 46. The distance L1 from the nozzle tip to the surface to be cleaned was 80 mm. This cleaning nozzle 10 was attached to the mounting frame 51 shown in FIG. 4, and the side surface of the stainless steel vehicle was used as the surface to be cleaned.

  The cleaning effect was evaluated by photographing the surface to be cleaned with a VH-6300 microscope manufactured by Keyence Corporation at a magnification of 75 times, comparing photographic images before and after cleaning, and evaluating dirt and dust visually. did. As the surface to be cleaned, a vehicle painted surface (A surface) of a railway vehicle, a vehicle stainless steel surface ((matte finish surface) B surface), and a window glass surface (C surface) were arbitrarily selected and photographed. Each surface before cleaning is in a state in which dirt is distributed over the entire valley of the surface where the A surface is gentle, and the dirt that has entered the groove (hairline) of the matte finish is widely distributed on the B surface. It was in the state where the dirt was scattered also in the top part in between, and the C surface was in the state where oily and fat-like dirt was scattered. After cleaning according to the present example, the A side was in a state where no stain was seen and was at an OK level. In addition, on the B surface, no stain was seen on the top, and the stain inside the hairline was thin but left a trace in the innermost part, but the cleaning was at an OK level. On the C-side, large dirt such as fats and oils has been removed, but since the water was not drained after washing, spots with white crystals of alkali that appeared to be contained in the washing liquid remained, but the level of washing was OK. It was.

  In addition, energy consumption for supplying cleaning liquid and air is 7.4 kW for air supply and 0.4 kW for cleaning liquid supply in terms of electric power, compared to the conventional jet nozzle type using a compressor. As a result, energy consumption can be reduced and energy saving can be achieved.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Washing nozzle 11 Gas ejection nozzle 12 Liquid ejection nozzle 21 Head main body 22 Gas ejection outlet 30 Main pipe 31 Branch pipe 32 Nozzle tip 32a Liquid ejection outlet 44 Liquid particle jet 45 Liquid jet 46 Gas jet 50 Washed surface 50a Concave 56 Dirt 57 Dust

Claims (2)

A gas ejection nozzle having a plurality of gas ejection ports for ejecting gas toward the surface to be cleaned;
A liquid ejection nozzle that is disposed in each gas ejection port of the gas ejection nozzle and has a liquid ejection port that ejects liquid toward the gas ejection direction by the gas ejection port;
A fluid supply unit for supplying liquid to the liquid ejection nozzle and supplying gas to the gas ejection nozzle;
The liquid jet from the liquid jet nozzle is pulverized into fine liquid particles by the gas jet from the gas outlet, and the fine liquid particles are accelerated by the gas jet and collide with the surface to be cleaned. apparatus.   The fluid supply unit supplies the liquid at a pressure P1 of 0.15 MPa to 0.5 MPa and a discharge amount Q1 of 0.3 L / min to 1.0 L / min, and the gas has a pressure P2 of 0. 2. The cleaning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning device is supplied with a discharge amount Q2 of 5000 L / min or more and 17000 L / min or less, and P1 <P2 and Q1 <Q2.

Images