JP2011149419A - アブレシブ単結晶タービン翼 - Google Patents
アブレシブ単結晶タービン翼 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011149419A JP2011149419A JP2010245230A JP2010245230A JP2011149419A JP 2011149419 A JP2011149419 A JP 2011149419A JP 2010245230 A JP2010245230 A JP 2010245230A JP 2010245230 A JP2010245230 A JP 2010245230A JP 2011149419 A JP2011149419 A JP 2011149419A
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- turbine blade
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- resistant
- abrasive
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020639 Co-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020675 Co—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/20—Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B13/00—Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
- C30B13/16—Heating of the molten zone
- C30B13/22—Heating of the molten zone by irradiation or electric discharge
- C30B13/24—Heating of the molten zone by irradiation or electric discharge using electromagnetic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/52—Alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/001—Turbines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】翼端3を有し、且つ(ローターに対して)半径方向rに延びる単結晶基体4を備えた、タービン翼1の翼端3にエピタキシャル結合されている耐酸化性の中間コーティングの特定領域に、砥粒が埋め込まれた耐酸化性バインダー材料からなり、レーザ金属成形が適用された耐磨耗性、耐酸化性のコーティングを配置した。
【選択図】図1
Description
− 公知のレーザー金属成形によって適用されており、且つ該基体にエピタキシャル結合されている少なくとも1つの耐酸化性の中間コーティングが、半径方向外側の翼端に配置されていること、及び
− レーザー金属成形によって適用されており、且つ耐酸化性バインダー材料及びその中に埋め込まれた砥粒とから成る少なくとも単層の耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティングが、少なくとも上記エピタキシャル中間コーティングの特定の領域に配置されていること。
・割れが起こりにくい
・高い耐酸化性
・良好な湿潤性及び砥粒の封入
− γ/β又はγ/γ'型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金(M=Ni、Co又は両元素の組み合わせ)であって、その化学組成は、エピタキシャル凝固に際して、まずγ相が形成され、その後に初めてβ相、もしくはγ'相が形成されるように選択される;
− γ/β又はγ/γ'型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金であって、その化学組成は、これが三元系のNi−Al−Cr状態図もしくはNi/Co−Al状態図においてγ相中にあり、且つγ−とβ−もしくはγ'相域との共晶界面付近にあるように選択される;
− 次の化学組成(質量%記載):Cr 15〜30、Al 5〜10、Y 0.3〜1.2、Si 0.1〜1.2、その他 0〜2、残り Ni、Coを有するγ/β又はγ/γ'型の耐酸化性超合金;
− 次の化学組成(質量%記載):Co 35〜39、Cr 18〜24、Al 7〜9、Y 0.3〜0.8、Si 0.1〜1.2、その他 0〜2、残り Niを有するγ/β型の耐酸化性超合金;
− 次の化学組成(質量%記載):Cr 18〜26、Al 5〜8、Y 0.3〜1.2、Si 0.1〜1.2、その他 0〜2、残り Ni、Coを有するγ/γ'型の耐酸化性超合金。
2 ローター
3 翼端
4 単結晶基材
5 エピタキシャル耐酸化性中間コーティング
6 耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング
7 バインダー材料
8 砥粒材料
10 レーザービーム
11 メタリック保護コーティング(MCrAlYコーティング)
12 セラミック遮熱コーティング(TBC)
13 コーティング装置
14 ダイクロイックミラー
15 キャリアーガス
16 溶融池
17 光学的温度信号
r 半径方向
L タービン翼の長さ
Claims (18)
- 翼端(3)を有し、且つ半径方法(r)に延びる単結晶基体(4)を有する、タービンのローター(2)のタービン翼(1)において
− 公知のレーザー金属成形によって適用されており、且つ前記基体(4)にエピタキシャル結合されている少なくとも1つの耐酸化性の中間コーティング(5)が、半径方向外側の翼端(3)に配置されており、且つ
− レーザー金属成形によって適用されており、且つ耐酸化性のバインダー材料(7)及びその中に埋め込まれた砥粒(8)とから成る少なくとも単層の耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)が、前記エピタキシャル中間コーティング(5)の少なくとも特定の領域に配置されていることを特徴とする、タービンのローター(2)のタービン翼(1)。 - 前記中間コーティング(5)が、γ/β型又はγ/γ'型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金から成り、その化学組成が、エピタキシャル凝固に際して、まずγ相が形成され、その後に初めてβ相又はγ'相が形成されるように選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記中間コーティング(5)が、固相線温度と液相線温度ΔT0との間で50K未満、好ましくは30K未満の凝固間隔を有する耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金から成ることを特徴とする、請求項1記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記中間コーティング(5)が、γ/β型又はγ/γ'型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金から成り、その化学組成が、三元系のNi−Al−Cr状態図又はNi/Co−Al−Cr状態図においてγ相域にあり、且つγ相域とβ相域又はγ'相域との共晶界面付近にあるように選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記中間コーティング(5)が、次の化学組成(質量%記載):Cr 15〜30、Al 5〜10、Y 0.3〜1.2、Si 0.1〜1.2、その他 0〜2、残り Ni、Coを有するγ/β型又はγ/γ'型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金から成ることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記中間コーティング(5)が、次の化学組成(質量%記載):Co 35〜39、Cr 18〜24、Al 7〜9、Y 0.3〜0.8、Si 0.1〜1、その他 0〜2、残り Niを有するγ/β型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金から成ることを特徴とする、請求項5記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記中間コーティング(5)が、次の化学組成(質量%記載):Cr 18〜26、Al 5〜8、Y 0.3〜1.2、Si 0.1〜1.2、その他 0〜2、残り Ni、Coを有するγ/γ'型の耐酸化性のMCrAlY合金から成ることを特徴とする、請求項5記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記耐酸化性の中間コーティング(5)のために使用される材料が、前記耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)におけるバインダー材料(7)としても使用されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)における砥粒材料(8)が立方晶窒化ホウ素(cBN)であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)における砥粒材料(8)の割合が、前記コーティングが多層の形態を有する場合に、半径方向(r)で外側に向かって増大することを特徴とする、請求項1記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記タービン翼が、再生されたタービン翼であることを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記タービン翼が、先立つ運転間隔においてアブレシブ翼端(3)を有さずに初めに使用されることを特徴とする、請求項11記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 前記タービン翼が、新規部品であることを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 長さ(L)を有する請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載のタービン翼(1)において、前記長さ(L)が、レーザー金属成形によって形成された耐酸化性のエピタキシャル中間コーティング(5)及び/又は耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)の数によって変化させられることができることを特徴とする、長さ(L)を有する請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載のタービン翼(1)。
- 請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の単結晶タービン翼(1)を製造する方法において、少なくとも1つの耐酸化性の中間コーティング(5)を、半径方向外側の翼端(3)でレーザー金属成形によって前記基体(4)の表面にエピタキシャル的に適用し、且つ、少なくとも単層の耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)を、前記エピタキシャル中間コーティング(5)の少なくとも特定の領域にレーザー金属成形によって適用することを特徴とする、請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の単結晶タービン翼(1)を製造する方法。
- 溶融池(16)中の温度又は温度分布を、レーザー金属成形法による前記中間コーティング(5)及び前記耐摩耗性及び耐酸化性のコーティング(6)の形成中にオンラインで検出すること、及びこのデータを、商Gn/Vs、ここでGは局所的温度勾配を表し、Vsは凝固フロントの速度を表し、且つnは更なる材料パラメーターを表す、が指向性の単結晶凝固に必要な材料依存性の限界値を上回るように、レーザー金属成形中のレーザー出力及び/又はレーザービーム(10)とタービン翼(1)との相対運動を制御するために、制御系を利用して用いることを特徴とする、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記耐摩耗性及びアブレシブ性のコーティング(6)を製造するための前記レーザー金属成形ステップ中に、砥粒(8)及び耐酸化性バインダー材料(7)を粉末ノズル内で混合し、次いで集束された粉末噴流として前記レーザービーム(10)の周りに同心円状に溶融池(16)中へと噴射することを特徴とする、請求項15又は16記載の方法。
- 先行する製造ステップにおいて、前記タービン翼(1)の基体(4)の表面上の少なくとも特定の領域を、耐酸化性のメタリック保護コーティング(11)、特にMCrAlYコーティングで被覆し、且つ耐酸化性のセラミック遮熱コーティング(12)を、場合により前記保護コーティング(11)に適用する、請求項15から17までのいずれか1項記載の方法において、半径方向外側の翼端(3)の前記少なくとも1つのメタリック保護コーティング及び、場合によってはセラミック保護コーティング(11、12)を、制御加工、特に研磨除去、CNC切削除去及び/又は化学的コーティング除去によって除去し、次いでレーザー金属成形によって形成されているエピタキシャル凝固された耐酸化性の中間コーティング(5)を、該コーティング(5)が、半径方向に延びるMCrAlYコーティング(11)とのみ少なくとも部分的に重なるものの、その上に存在していてもよい付加的なセラミック遮熱コーティング(12)とは重ならないように適用することを特徴とする、請求項15から17までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
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US20110103967A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
EP2317078B2 (de) | 2021-09-01 |
EP2317078B1 (de) | 2016-10-19 |
US8647073B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
EP2317078A3 (de) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2317078A2 (de) | 2011-05-04 |
CN102052094A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
DE102010049399A1 (de) | 2011-05-26 |
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JP5757720B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
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