JP2011141608A - Content control device for p2p communication - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to suppress the load between networks without reducing the efficiency of pure P2P file download.
A content control apparatus includes information for specifying a file, information for specifying a network to which a pure P2P node that holds the file belongs, content information for specifying a pure P2P node that holds the file, and the content information. A storage device for storing content information data including information specifying a pure P2P node to be held; The content control device identifies the network to which the pure P2P node requesting the file belongs, refers to the content information data, and is requested in a network suitable for the identified network, for example, a pure P2P node belonging to the same network If there is a pure P2P node holding the file, the content information for specifying the pure P2P node is transmitted to the pure P2P node that has requested the file.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for controlling P2P communication traffic.

  One form of communication performed on the Internet is called peer-to-peer communication (hereinafter referred to as P2P communication). This is a usage form of the Internet in which an unspecified number of computers (nodes) are connected to each other and information such as files is transmitted and received via a router.

  In P2P file sharing software (hereinafter referred to as P2P software) that performs P2P communication, each node holds the files that are sent and received, and the files do not exist together in a fixed location. Therefore, a node that requests a file needs to specify a node that holds the file (hereinafter, a file holding node) by some method before starting to download the file. The node specifies the file holding node by receiving the file information and the file holding node information (hereinafter referred to as content information). P2P communication can be classified into hybrid P2P, pure P2P, etc., depending on how the content information is retained.

  In hybrid P2P, content information is collectively managed by a server called an index server. The node requesting the file inquires about the information of the requested file with respect to the index server designated in advance (search query transmission). The index server notifies the information of the node holding the requested file as a response (response query transmission).

  In pure P2P, each node distributes and manages content information. The node requesting the file transmits a search query to the node to which it is connected. If the node that has received the search query holds content information corresponding to the search query (holds information on the requested file), it transmits a response query. If the corresponding content information is not held, the search query is transferred to another node.

  While P2P communication provides users with great benefits such as file sharing, it causes problems such as an increase in P2P communication traffic and a heavy load on the communication network.

  Under such circumstances, there is a need for a content control technique for reducing the amount of traffic flowing between networks without reducing the efficiency of file download. For example, in Patent Document 1, in order to achieve efficient file distribution, the transfer source and transfer destination nodes in the past transfer are used as topology information in a tree structure, and the file is managed for each file and transferred so as to maintain the tree structure. There is a description relating to a file transfer system using an index server having a transfer source node determining means for determining an original node. Patent Document 2 describes a control system for identifying P2P communication in a router, notifying other routers of the identification information, and sharing P2P communication information in order to efficiently control P2P communication. In Non-Patent Document 1, a server called iTracker that holds ISP topology information is notified of connection destinations that take topology information into consideration, thereby reducing the load on the network and improving file download efficiency. There is a description about the method.

JP 2009-93417 JP 2005-295457 A

`` P4P: Explicit Communications for Cooperative Control Between P2P and Network Providers '' http://www.dcia.info/documents/P4P_Overview.pdf (Accessed on June 3, 2009)

  In pure P2P in which all nodes communicate equally, content information is distributed, so it is difficult to provide nodes that collectively manage content information.

  In Patent Document 1, a node requesting a file inquires an index server about a node serving as a transfer source node holding the file, and an index server returns an optimal transfer source node. When the index server disclosed in Patent Document 1 is applied to pure P2P, the node transmits a search query to a node other than the index server, which causes a problem that content information cannot be aggregated in the index server.

  In Patent Document 2, it is possible to suppress P2P communication traffic between networks by controlling P2P communication in a router, but at the same time, the efficiency of file download also decreases.

  In Non-Patent Document 1, a node connects to iTracker at startup and acquires topology information. When trying to apply iTracker disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 to pure P2P, a search query is also sent to a node other than iTracker, and the file holding node that is not aware of the topology information sent by the node, There is a problem of continuing to download.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and in an existing pure P2P network in which all nodes communicate equally, a content control device that suppresses the load between networks without reducing file download efficiency. The purpose is to provide.

  The disclosed content control apparatus specifies information specifying a file, information specifying the first network to which the first pure P2P node holding the file belongs, and specifying the first pure P2P node holding the file Storage device for storing content information data including first content information to be performed and information for specifying a second pure P2P node that holds the first content information, and a P2P node connected to the second pure P2P node The connection means, node information for specifying the connected second pure P2P node, and first content information for specifying the file and the first pure P2P node holding the file are acquired from the second pure P2P node. Based on the content information collection means and the second network to which the second pure P2P node belongs based on the acquired node information Means for acquiring information to be stored, and a first holding a file belonging to the first network most suitable for the second network to which the second pure P2P node holding the acquired first content information belongs Means for acquiring second content information related to the pure P2P node from the content information data, and content information distribution for transmitting the acquired second content information to the second pure P2P node holding the first content information Means.

  In another desirable aspect, the P2P node connection means connects to the second pure P2P node based on the node information stored in the storage device.

  In still another desirable aspect, the P2P node connection means connects to the second pure P2P node in response to a connection request from the second pure P2P node.

  In another desirable aspect, the content information data includes information specifying the first network to which the first pure P2P node that holds the file belongs, and the second pure P2P node that holds the first content information. Information for specifying the second network to which the terminal belongs is associated and stored in the storage device.

  Yet another desirable aspect is further that the first network that is optimal for the second network to which the second pure P2P node belongs is responsive to receiving a search query for content information about the file from the second pure P2P node. Means for acquiring second content information relating to the first pure P2P node belonging to the network and holding the file from the content information data, wherein the content information distribution means outputs the acquired second content information to the second content information; Sent to a pure P2P node.

  Still another desirable aspect further comprises means for identifying a second pure P2P node requesting a file from the search query.

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress a load between networks without reducing file download efficiency.

It is a network block diagram containing a content control apparatus. It is a block diagram of a content control apparatus. It is an example of P2P node data storing P2P node information. It is an example of the search query which a P2P node transmits. It is an example of the content information data which stores content information. It is a processing flow figure of a P2P node connection program. It is a processing flow figure of a P2P node management program. It is a processing flow figure of a content information management program.

  The content control apparatus according to the present embodiment includes information for specifying a file, information for specifying a network to which a pure P2P node that holds the file belongs, content information for specifying a pure P2P node that holds the file, and this content information. A storage device for storing content information data including information specifying a pure P2P node to be held; The content control device identifies the network to which the pure P2P node requesting the file belongs, refers to the content information data, and is requested in a network suitable for the identified network, for example, a pure P2P node belonging to the same network If there is a pure P2P node holding the file, the content information for specifying the pure P2P node is transmitted to the pure P2P node that has requested the file. Hereinafter, it explains in detail using a drawing.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a network including a content control apparatus that performs content control of P2P communication in the present embodiment. Computers such as a content control apparatus 101 and a node (hereinafter referred to as a P2P node) 103 on which pure P2P software operates are connected via a network 102. Here, “network” means a P2P node 103 having a certain common characteristic (for example, a set of P2P nodes 103 belonging to the same ISP, a set of P2P nodes 103 belonging to the same country, It means an environment to which a set of nearby P2P nodes 103 is connected.

  In order to make the explanation easy to understand, the content control device 101 is configured as a single unit, but in order to improve load distribution and content information coverage, multiple content control devices belonging to multiple networks are used. It may be used. When processing with multiple units, it is desirable to synchronize the various data described later in real time, so one data can be shared by multiple content control devices, or a redundant configuration can be built with multiple databases You may do it.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the content control apparatus 101 that performs content control of P2P communication. The content control device 101 includes a CPU 202, a memory 203 for storing data necessary for the CPU 202 to execute processing, a storage device 204 such as a hard disk or flash memory having a capacity for recording a large amount of data, and the like. A computer having an IF (interface) 201 for communicating with a device, an input / output device 205 for performing input / output of a keyboard, a display, and the like, and a communication path (bus) 206 for connecting these devices. is there. The CPU 202 executes a P2P node connection program 207, a P2P node management program 208, and a content information management program 209 on the memory 203. The storage device 204 stores P2P node data 210 that stores information on the P2P node 103 and content information data 211 that stores content information.

  Each of the above programs and data may be stored in advance in the memory 203 or the storage device 204, or may be installed (loaded) from the input / output device 205 or from another device via the IF 201.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of P2P node data 210, which is information of the P2P node 103, stored in the storage device 204 by the content control apparatus 101. When the P2P node management program 208 receives the node information (information including the IP address of the P2P node 103 participating in the P2P network, the used port number, etc.) from the P2P node connection program 207, the P2P node management program 208 updates the P2P node data 210. . The P2P node data 210 includes, for example, information on the P2P node IP 301 of the P2P node 103 and the P2P node port number 302 used by the P2P software operating on the P2P node 103, as shown in FIG. Further, the P2P node data 210 is updated by the input / output device 206 as necessary. The P2P node data 210 is also referred to when the P2P connection program 207 connects to the P2P node 103. The process of the P2P node connection program 207 will be described later with reference to FIG. 6, and the process of the P2P node management program 208 will be described later with reference to FIG.

  In the P2P node data 210, at least one entry or more of the IP address and the port number of the active P2P node 103 acquired from a Web bulletin board or the like is registered in advance.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of a search query transferred between nodes. The P2P node searches for a file using the search query shown in FIG. The search query includes a search character string 401 related to a file to be searched, routed node information 410 representing a node through which the search query has passed, and content information 420 corresponding to the search character string 401. The transit node information 410 includes information of the transit node IP 411 of the transited node and the transit node port number 412 used by the transited node. The content information 420 uniquely identifies the holding node IP421 of the node holding the file, the holding node port number 422, the file name 423, the file size 424, and the file used by the node holding the file. Contains information on possible file hash values 425.

  FIG. 5 shows an example of content information data 211 that is content information stored in the storage device 204 by the content control apparatus 101. When the content information management program 209 receives content information (information including a file name existing in the P2P network, a file holding P2P node, etc.) from the P2P node connection program 207, the content information management program 209 updates the content information data 211. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the content information data 211 includes a file name 501, a file hash value 502 such as MD5 and SHA1 that can uniquely identify the file, and a file holding P2P node that is a P2P node holding the file. IP503, file holding P2P node port number 504, file holding P2P node network 505 to which the P2P node holding the file belongs, content information holding P2P node IP506, which is the P2P node holding the content information, content information A holding P2P node port number 507 and information on the content information holding P2P node network 508 to which the P2P node holding the content information belongs are included. Further, the content information data 211 is updated by the input / output device 206 as necessary. The content information data 211 is also referred to when the content information management program 209 transmits content information and a response query to the P2P node 103. The processing of the content information management program 209 will be described later with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 6 is a processing flow of the P2P node connection program 207. The P2P node connection program 207 connects to the P2P node 103 based on the information of the P2P node IP301 and the P2P node port number 302 of the P2P node data 210 stored in the storage device 204. If a connection request is received from the P2P node 103, the connection is accepted (process 601). In this way, the process 601 uses two methods for the P2P node connection program 207 to connect to the P2P node 103 and the P2P node 103 to connect to the P2P node connection program 207. Connect to node 103.

  The P2P node connection program 207 takes over the processing to the P2P node management program 208 and the content information management program 209 (processing 602 and processing 603).

  The P2P node connection program 207 ends the process if the connection with the currently connected P2P node 103 is disconnected, and proceeds to the process 602 if not disconnected (process 604).

  FIG. 7 is a processing flow of the P2P node management program 208. In the P2P node management program 208, if node information is received from the P2P node 103 via the P2P node connection program 207, the process proceeds to process 702, and if not received, the process ends (process 701).

  The P2P node management program 208 stores the P2P node IP and P2P node port number included in the received node information in the P2P node data 210 (process 702), and ends the process. In this way, the P2P node management program 208 connects to the P2P node 103 stored in the P2P node data 210 in order. If all the P2P nodes 103 stored in the P2P node data 210 are connected, the connection is repeated again by returning to the first entry. The data of the P2P node 103 that has failed to connect may be deleted from the P2P node data 210.

  FIG. 8 is a processing flow of the content information management program 209. In the content information management program 209, if the content information is received from the P2P node 103 via the P2P node connection program 207, the process proceeds to process 802, and if not received, the process proceeds to process 807 (process 801).

  Based on the IP address of the file holding P2P node included in the received content information and the IP address of the connected P2P node 103, the content information management program 209 holds the P2P network to which the file holding P2P node belongs and the content information holding Information on the P2P network to which the P2P node belongs is acquired (process 802). When acquiring a P2P network, for example, a service such as Whois is used.

  The content information management program 209 includes a file name 501 included in the received content information, a file hash value 502, a file holding P2P node IP503, a file holding P2P node port number 504, the file holding P2P node network 505 acquired in the processing 802, connection The content information holding P2P node IP506, the content information holding P2P node port number 507, and the content information holding P2P node network 508 acquired in the processing 802 are stored in the content information data 211 (processing 803).

  The content information management program 209 proceeds to processing 805 if the file holding P2P node network 505 of the updated content information data 211 is an optimal network for the content information holding P2P node network 508, and proceeds to processing 807 if it is not the optimal network. Proceed (process 804). Here, “optimal network” means, for example, a network belonging to the same ISP (determined as an optimal network when belonging to the same ISP) or a geographically close network (a network having the closest physical distance) The network connected by a large-capacity line (the network connected by the thickest line is determined as the optimum network). Note that the optimal network may be determined by combining each item, or the optimal network may be determined by paying attention to a specific item. Thus, “optimal” may be “preferred”, “appropriate”, “desirable”, and the like. In the present embodiment, it is determined that the same network is the optimum network. Content information management program 209, file name 501 is test1, file hash value 502 is AB3452CDE ..., file holding P2P node IP503 is 20.0.0.1, file holding P2P node port number 504 is 20001, file holding P2P node network 505 is network B The content information holding P2P node IP506 is 10.0.0.1, the content information holding P2P node port number 507 is 10001, and the content information holding P2P node network 508 updates the content information of network A (second entry in FIG. 5). Explained as an example. In this case, the file holding P2P node network 505 is the network B, but the content holding P2P node network 508 is the network A, and the network is different.

  The content information management program 209 obtains content information from the content information data 211 that has the file hash value 502 of the updated content information data 211 and the content information holding P2P node network 508 equal to the file hash value 502 and the file holding P2P node network 505. Obtaining and generating content information (process 805). A specific example of the process 804 will be described subsequently. In this case, the file hash value 502 of the updated content information data 211 is AB3452CDE..., And the content holding P2P node network 508 is the network A. Content information in which the file hash value 502 is AB3452CDE ..., the file holding P2P node network 505 is equal to the network A, the file name 501 is test1, the file hash value 502 is AB3452CDE ..., the file holding P2P node IP503 is 10.0.0.2, and the file holding P2P Node port number 504 is 10002, file holding P2P node network 505 is network A, content information holding P2P node IP506 is 10.0.0.2, content information holding port number 507 is 10002, content information holding P2P node network 508 is content information of network A (First entry in FIG. 5). If there is no content information having the same file hash value 502 and file holding P2P node network 505 in the content information data 211, the content information is not generated.

  The content information management program 209 transmits the content information generated in the process 805 to the connected P2P node 103 via the P2P node connection program 207 (process 806). When receiving the content information from the content control apparatus 101, the P2P node 103 replaces the content information that the P2P node 103 has with the received content information. As a result, the P2P node 103 downloads the file from the file holding P2P node existing in the same network, and it is possible to suppress the P2P communication traffic flowing between the networks without reducing the efficiency of the file download. .

  If the content information management program 209 receives a search query from the connected P2P node 103 via the P2P node connection program 207, the content information management program 209 proceeds to process 808, and if not received, the process ends (process 807).

  The content information management program 209 has a file holding P2P node in which the P2P node network to which the P2P node 103 connected via the P2P node connection program 207 belongs and the file name (or file hash value) included in the received search query are Content information equal to the network 505 and the file name 501 (or file hash value 502) is acquired from the content information data 211, and a response query is generated (process 808). The content information management program 209 is connected to the P2P node 103 (the first entry in FIG. 3) whose P2P node IP301 is 10.0.0.1 and P2P node port number 302 is 10001, and receives the search query with the file name test2. An example will be described. In this case, the P2P node network of the connected P2P node 103 is the network A, and the file name of the received search query is test2. Content information in which the file name 501 is test2, the file holding P2P node network 505 is equal to the network A, the file name 501 is test2, the file hash value 502 is 56CD452A3 ..., the file holding P2P node IP503 is 10.0.0.2, and the file holding P2P node port Number 504 is 10002, file holding P2P node network 505 is network A, content information holding P2P node IP506 is 10.0.0.2, content information holding P2P node port number 507 is 10002, content information holding P2P node network 508 is content information of network A (Third entry in FIG. 5) is the response query. If there is no content information having the same file name 501 and file holding P2P node network 505 in the content information data 211, the content information is not generated. If a node that has been routed is described in the routed node information 410 in the search query, a response query is generated based on the routed node IP and routed node port number that are routed first.

  The content information management program 209 transmits the content information generated in the process 808 as a response query to the P2P node 103 via the P2P node connection program 207 (process 809), and ends the process. When receiving the content information from the content control apparatus 101, the P2P node 103 starts file download from the file holding P2P node included in the received content information and existing in the same network. As a result, P2P communication traffic flowing between networks can be suppressed without reducing file download efficiency.

  By changing a part of the present embodiment and restricting response query transmission (processing 809) regarding specific content information, it is possible to restrict the distribution of content.

  Part of this embodiment is modified to collect specific content by embedding the IP address of the honeypot in node IP503 of content information transmission (processing 806) or response query transmission (processing 809) related to specific content information It is possible to guide the node that is doing to the honeypot.

  In the present embodiment, content control can be performed on various P2P networks by changing the P2P node connection program 207 in accordance with various P2P software protocols.

101 ... content control device, 102 ... network, 103 ... P2P node.

Claims (6)

Information specifying a file, information specifying a first network to which a first pure P2P node holding the file belongs, first content information specifying a first pure P2P node holding the file, and A storage device for storing content information data including information for specifying a second pure P2P node that holds the first content information;
Means for connecting to a second pure P2P node;
Means for obtaining from the second pure P2P node node information for identifying the connected second pure P2P node, and first content information for identifying the file and the first pure P2P node holding the file When,
Means for acquiring information for identifying the second network to which the second pure P2P node belongs based on the acquired node information;
The first pure that holds the file belonging to the first network most suitable for the second network to which the second pure P2P node that holds the acquired first content information belongs. Means for obtaining second content information relating to a P2P node from the content information data;
A content control apparatus comprising: means for transmitting the acquired second content information to the second pure P2P node that holds the first content information. 2. The content control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connection means connects to the second pure P2P node based on node information stored in the storage device. 2. The content control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connection means connects to the second pure P2P node in response to a connection request from the second pure P2P node. The content information data includes information for specifying the first network to which the first pure P2P node that holds the file belongs, and the second pure P2P node that holds the first content information. 2. The content control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein information specifying the second network to be associated is stored in the storage device in association with each other. Further, in response to receiving a search query for content information related to the file from the second pure P2P node, the first network that is optimal for the second network to which the second pure P2P node belongs Means for acquiring from the content information data the second content information relating to the first pure P2P node belonging to and holding the file;
2. The content control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission unit transmits the acquired second content information to the second pure P2P node. 6. The content control apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising means for specifying the second pure P2P node that requests the file from the search query.

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