JP2011078308A - Armature of rotary electric machine and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary electric machine with four or more magnetic poles, which improves a magnetism balance of an armature and moreover prevents winding into a lump by winding. <P>SOLUTION: When a coil 10 is formed by wrapping a winding 9 conducting electrically to a pair of commutator segments 7a adjacent to a circumferential direction between optional slots 6c among a plurality of slots 6c formed at an outer periphery of an armature core 6, the winding 9 conducting electrically to a pair of adjacent commutator segments 7b is wrapped between the slots having a prescribed angle space so as to be opposed to each magnetic pole and is formed while the same number of coils 10 as the number of magnetic poles are connected in series. Each coil 10 is wrapped sequentially to the circumferential direction while repeating winding alternately in a normal winding direction and in a reverse winding direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention belongs to the technical field of an armature of a rotating electrical machine constituting an electrical component and a manufacturing method thereof.

  Generally, an armature of this type of rotating electrical machine has a plurality of axially long slots formed on the outer periphery of a core that is fitted and fixed to a shaft, and a pair of adjacent commutator pieces provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft. The conductive winding is wound between slots located at a predetermined interval to form a plurality of coils in the circumferential direction. The rotating electrical machine is configured such that the armature is rotatably supported by a yoke on which a magnetic pole is formed by fixing a magnet on an inner peripheral surface, and power is supplied to the commutator piece via a brush. The armature shaft is configured to be driven to rotate. In such a rotating electrical machine, the winding that is conducted to the pair of commutator pieces is conventionally wound between any one slot. For this reason, deviation occurs in the contact relationship between the commutator piece and the brush, and the excitation balance of each coil is lost when the timing of shifting to the adjacent commutator piece between the brushes is shifted. There is a problem that it becomes a factor of generation of vibration and abnormal noise. In particular, when the rotating electrical machine is driven at a high voltage, the generation of the vibration and abnormal noise becomes remarkable, and improvement is desired.

  As an improvement measure, it is proposed that windings that are connected to a pair of commutator pieces are wound in a series connection between radially opposed slots to reduce the loss of magnetic balance. Has been.

JP 2002-305861 A

  However, the conventional one forms a first coil by winding a winding drawn from an arbitrary commutator piece, for example, N times between preset first slots, and then forming a first coil. A winding is wound N times between the slots and between the second slots that are radially opposed to each other to form a second coil, which is then connected to the commutator piece adjacent to the commutator piece. . For this reason, the winding wound around the commutator piece after the second coil has been wound is wired long in the outer peripheral portion of the armature shaft between the commutator and the armature core, and the portion becomes thickened. There is a problem to be solved by the present invention.

The present invention was created for the purpose of solving these problems in view of the above circumstances, and the invention of claim 1 is such that P is an even number of 4 or more and a is a natural number of 1 or more. When an armature supported by a yoke with P magnetic poles is connected to a pair of adjacent commutator pieces on the outer periphery of a core having (a × P) teeth formed on the outer periphery in the circumferential direction When the coil to be wound is configured by winding between arbitrary slots at a plurality of locations, the plurality of coils shall be wound between the slots facing each magnetic pole, and these coils are arranged in the winding direction. Winding and reverse winding are alternately wound in the circumferential direction.
And by doing in this way, while being able to comprise the rotary electric machine excellent in magnetic balance, prevention of the thickening by winding can be aimed at.
A second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect of the present invention, wherein N and n are natural numbers and N> n, and the coil is formed by winding the winding N times between slots. Winding that is conducted to the commutator piece is wound (N−n) times between the slots at the beginning of winding, N times between the other slots, and n times between the slots at the beginning of winding again. By doing so, it is possible to further avoid winding up.
According to the invention of claim 3, when P is an even number of 4 or more and a is a natural number of 1 or more, (a × P) armatures supported by a yoke on which P magnetic poles are formed are provided in the circumferential direction. When a coil that is connected to a pair of adjacent commutator pieces is wound between a plurality of arbitrary slots on the outer periphery of a core having teeth formed on the outer periphery, the plurality of coils are connected to each magnetic pole. Between the slots facing each other, the winding direction is sequentially wound in the circumferential direction while alternately repeating forward winding and reverse winding.
And by doing in this way, while being able to comprise the rotary electric machine excellent in magnetic balance, prevention of the thickening by winding can be aimed at.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, when N and n are natural numbers and N> n in the third aspect, the coil is formed by winding the winding N times between the slots. After winding (Nn) turns between the slots at the beginning of winding, the windings conducting to the commutator pieces are sequentially wound N times between slots facing the adjacent magnetic poles in the circumferential direction, and again By winding n times between slots at the beginning of winding, the same number of coils as the number of magnetic poles is formed. By doing in this way, it is possible to further avoid winding thickening.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the magnetic balance is excellent, and the winding thickening due to the winding can be avoided.
By making it the invention of Claim 2, the further avoidance of winding thickening can be aimed at.
According to the invention of claim 3, the magnetic balance is excellent, and the winding thickening due to the winding can be avoided.
By making it the invention of Claim 4, the further avoidance of winding thickening can be aimed at.

It is a partial cross section side view of an electric motor. It is an expanded view explaining the coil winding state of an armature. It is a front view explaining the coil winding state of an armature. It is a front view explaining the coil winding state of the armature in 2nd embodiment. FIGS. 5A and 5B are a developed view and a front view, respectively, for explaining the coil winding state of the armature in the third embodiment. FIGS. 5A and 5B are a developed view and a front view, respectively, for explaining the coil winding state of the armature in the fourth embodiment.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings of FIGS.
In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes an electric motor (rotary electric machine) serving as a drive source for electrical components mounted on a vehicle, and an inner peripheral surface of a motor housing 2 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape constituting the electric motor 1 Two pairs of permanent magnets 3 are fixed in the circumferential direction, whereby a four-pole electric motor 1 is formed in which four (P = 4) magnetic poles are formed in the motor housing 2. Reference numeral 4 denotes an armature, and an armature core 6 formed by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped plate members 6a is integrally fitted on a shaft (armature shaft) 5 constituting the armature 4. A commutator (commutator) 7 is fitted and fixed at one end of the armature core 6. The shaft 5 of the armature 4 is mounted so that the other side portion (base end portion) is supported by the motor housing 2 via a bearing 2 a and is rotatable in the motor housing 2. A cover 2b is provided at the opening end of the motor housing 2, and a holder stay 8 is integrally fitted and supported by the cover 2b. The holder stay 8 is formed with brush holders 8a located at four places in the circumferential direction, and brushes 8b are respectively housed in the brush holders 8a so as to be able to appear and retract. Each of the brushes 8b is configured such that the protruding tip portion (inner diameter side tip portion) abuts (contacts) the commutator 7 in an elastic manner, whereby an external power source is applied to the commutator 7 via the brush 8b. These basic configurations are the same as before.

The ring-shaped plate member 6a constituting the armature core 6 has a plurality of T-shaped teeth 6b projecting radially on the outer peripheral portion (in this embodiment, 20 (20 = 5 × 4 (a × P )) Pieces are formed, and a plurality of these plate members 6a are fitted around the shaft 5 in a non-rotating manner so that a shaft is formed between the adjacent teeth 6b on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. The dovetail-shaped slots 6c that are recessed in the core direction are long in the axial direction, and a plurality (20 pieces) are formed in the circumferential direction.
On the other hand, the commutator 7 is configured so that a plurality of axially long plate-like commutator pieces 7a (20 in the present embodiment) formed of a conductive material on the outer peripheral surface are circumferentially insulated from each other. A riser 7b that is folded back to the outer diameter side is integrally formed at the end of each commutator piece 7a facing the armature core 6 side.

  Then, the enamel-covered winding 9 is wound around the outer periphery of the core 6 between the slots 6c located at an arbitrary position of the armature core 6 and having a predetermined interval by a winding procedure as described later. A plurality of coils 10 are wound to form the armature 4. The windings 9 serving as the winding start ends and the winding end ends of the coils 10 are commutator pieces adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. 7a is suspended by a riser 7b. Then, by fusing the winding 9 serving as the winding start end and winding end of each coil 10 suspended (conducted) to each riser 7b to the corresponding commutator piece 7a, the commutator piece 7a and the winding 9 are electrically connected, and as described above, the coil 10 is set to be excited based on the external power supplied to the commutator piece 7a via the brush 8b. Yes.

Next, the winding procedure of the coil 9 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 2 is a developed view of the commutator piece 7a (riser 7b) of the armature 4 and the teeth 6b, and the permanent magnet 3 fixed to the motor housing 2 side, between the adjacent teeth 6b. The gap corresponds to the slot 6c. And in these drawings, each commutator piece 7a, each tooth 6b, and the wound coil 10 are respectively given reference numerals, and the winding procedure will be described based on them.
That is, the coil 10 wound around the armature 4 according to the present embodiment is wound based on the double winding method in which the winding 9 is wound sequentially between the slots 6c obtained by skipping the three slots 6c. . In this case, the winding 9 is started in a state where one end is suspended so as to conduct to the third riser, and the winding 9 suspended around the third riser is placed between the first and second teeth. Withdrawing into the slot 6c, between the slot 6c between the first and second teeth and the slot 6c between the fifth and sixth teeth, the winding direction is forward winding, and the number of times of conventional winding is set. By winding 1/4 times (six times in this embodiment), the (3-1) -th (first) coil 10 facing the N pole is formed.
Subsequently, the winding 9 drawn out during the 5-6th tooth is drawn into the 10-11th tooth, and the slot between the slot 6c and the 6-7th tooth between the 10-11th tooth. 6c, the winding direction was reversed 6 times, so that the coil (3-1) was rotated 90 degrees (360 degrees divided by 4 magnetic poles). The (3-2) -th (second) coil 10 is formed which is in the rotational direction and faces the S pole adjacent to the N pole.

  Further, in this case, the winding 9 drawn out from the slot 6c between the 6th and 7th teeth is drawn into the slot 6c between the 11th and 12th teeth, and the slot 6c between the 11th and 12th teeth Between the slot 6c between the 15th and 16th teeth, by winding 6 times with the winding direction as a forward winding, the (3-2) coil is in a state with an angular interval of 90 degrees. The (3-3) th (third) coil 10 is formed opposite to the N pole adjacent to the S pole. Subsequently, the winding 9 drawn out from the slot 6c between the 15th and 16th teeth is drawn into the slot 6c between the 20th and 20th teeth, and the slots 6c and 16-17 between the 20th and 16th teeth are drawn. In the slot 6c between the teeth, the winding direction is reversed and the winding is reversed 6 times, so that the (3-3) coil is in a state having an angular interval of 90 degrees, and the N The (3-4) th (fourth) coil 10 facing the S pole adjacent to the pole is formed. Then, by winding the winding 9 drawn out from the slot 6c between the 16th and 17th teeth in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3 and hanging around the 4th riser, between the 3rd and 4th risers, (3-1), (3-2), (3-3), (3-4) No. (first to fourth) coils 10 are set to be wound in a state of being connected in series. Yes.

  The winding 9 wound around the 4th riser is drawn into the slot 6c between the 2nd and 3rd teeth, and the number (4-1) ( The first coil 10 was formed, and then moved to each coil 10 of the numbers (3-2), (3-3), and (3-4) by one slot 6c in the circumferential direction. After forming the coils (4-2), (4-3), and (4-4) (second to fourth) in the state, they are hung around the fifth riser. And (4-1), (4-2), (4-3), and (4-4) (first to fourth) coils 10 are connected in series between the first and fourth risers. In this way, the winding 9 forms four coils 10 between the adjacent commutator pieces 7a in sequence. It is set so as to advance come.

As described above, by winding the windings 9 sequentially, the four first to fourth coils 10 having an angular interval of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction are provided between the adjacent risers 7b. Each armature 4 is formed between the slots 6c so that four coils 10 are wound in an overlapping manner. Thereby, power is supplied to the winding 9, and the coil 10 is excited. The magnetic force of the armature 4 generated by doing so is point-symmetric, so that the balance in the circumferential direction can be maintained even if the excitation timing is deviated.
Further, in this case, the winding 9 is wound in the circumferential direction sequentially, so that the length of the winding 9 that crosses between the slot 6c forming portion (armature core 6) and the riser 7b forming portion (commutator 7) is long. The length can be shortened, so that the so-called roll-up can be prevented.

  In the present embodiment configured as described, the winding 9 wound around the core 6 of the electric motor 1 is drawn out from an arbitrary commutator piece 7a, and is approximately 1/4 of the normal number of turns between arbitrary slots. The first coil 10 is formed by winding a number of times, and the position of the first coil 10 is displaced by an angle (90 degrees) obtained by dividing 360 degrees by the number of magnetic poles (4) (a gap of 90 degrees is formed). The second coil 10 is formed by winding 1/4 times around the portion between the slots 6c, and the position of the second coil 10 is 1/2 at the position between the slots 6c with a gap of 90 degrees. 4 is wound to form the third coil 10, and the third coil 10 position is wound to a position between the slots 6 c having a 90-degree gap and wound 1/4 times. Four coils 10 are formed and hung around the commutator piece 7a adjacent to the arbitrary commutator piece 7a. It has been so. As a result, the coil 10 connected in series between the pair of commutator pieces 7a is positioned around the armature 4 so that the coil 10 connected in series faces the magnetic poles. The coil 10 wound at each position is wound so that forward winding and reverse winding are alternately positioned in accordance with the opposing magnetic poles. For this reason, even if the contact of the temporary brush 8b with the commutator piece 7a is in an unbalanced state in which one of them contacts the two commutator pieces 7a and the other contacts the one commutator piece 7a. The magnetic balance of the armature 4 as a whole can be maintained, so that the electric motor 1 can be reduced in vibration and low noise, and the electric motor 1 having stable performance can be obtained.

  As described above, the electric motor 1 can be such that the magnetic balance of the armature 4 is ensured. This is because when the winding 9 is wound around the armature core 6, the number of magnetic poles is based on an arbitrary position. The magnetic balance is ensured by forming the coils 10 at the portions between the slots 6c that are equally spaced in the circumferential direction so as to form the same number of coils 10. As a result, a separate member is not required for improving the magnetic balance or a special mounting operation is not required, and the magnetic balance is improved by using the necessary members for the electric motor 1 as they are. As a result, the structure can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in this thing, it becomes the structure which forms continuously the four coils 10 located in four places of the circumference direction by the coil | winding 9 which conduct | electrically_connects to arbitrary pair of commutator pieces 7a adjacent to the circumference direction. Therefore, the number of the windings 9 suspended around the riser 7b of the arbitrary commutator piece 7a can be reduced, the work of fusing the windings 9 to the riser 7b is facilitated and the reliability of fusing is improved, There is also an advantage that the high-quality electric motor 1 can be supplied in a stable state.

  Further, in this case, the winding 9 is sequentially wound in the circumferential direction with a predetermined gap, and the winding 9 that has been wound is used as the riser from which the winding 9 has started to be wound. When pulling out toward the riser 7b adjacent to 7b, the position of the riser 7b is close to the circumferential direction with respect to the slot 6c around which the fourth coil 10 is wound and the winding 9 is pulled out. Therefore, the lead-out length of the winding 9 can be shortened, and so-called thickening of the winding 9 can be avoided where the winding 9 is drawn long and concentrated between the commutator 7 and the armature 4.

The present invention is of course not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be configured as in the second embodiment shown in FIG.
In the second embodiment, the winding state of the winding 9 in the four-pole electric motor 1 is disclosed as in the first embodiment, and this is the same as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the winding 9 unwound from the third riser 7b is placed between the four slots 6c having an angular interval of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction (3-1), (3-2), (3- 3), (3-4) coils (first to fourth coils 10) are formed, and the winding direction of the winding 9 that has finished winding the fourth coil 10 to the fourth riser is the first It is a box with the embodiment. That is, the winding 9 drawn out from the slot 6c between the 16th and 17th teeth is drawn in the clockwise direction in FIG. 4 and is wound around the 4th riser. As in one embodiment, the direction is opposite to the counterclockwise direction. In this case, the winding length of the wound winding 9 from the slot 6c to the riser 7b can be made shorter than in the case of the first embodiment. Prevention can be achieved.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This is a four-pole type in which the basic configuration of the electric motor and the like are the same as those of the above-described embodiments, and the winding method of the winding 9 is as follows.
That is, in the third embodiment, the winding 9 unwound from the third riser is wound between the slot 6c between the first and second teeth and the slot 6c between the fifth and sixth teeth. Then, in forming the (3-1) -th coil (first coil 10), when the number of turns of the winding 9 is N, the number of turns set in advance is N times less than N times. In this embodiment, the winding is performed five times, which is one less than the preset number of windings of six. Thereafter, the (3-2) -th coil (second coil 10), the (3-3) -th coil (third coil 10), and the (3-4) -th coil (fourth coil 10) are sequentially N times. And finally, by winding back to the winding part of the first coil 10 and winding the first coil 10 once more, the third riser and the fourth riser The first to fourth coils 10 are formed in series, and the windings 9 are wound six times. Thus, in this Embodiment, the 1st-4th coil 10 connected in series between a pair of adjacent commutator pieces 7a starts to wind from the 1st coil 10, and goes to the 4th coil 10. After the winding is completed, the first coil 10 is wound again, so that the position of the slot 6 from which the winding end of the winding 9 is pulled out is formed in the riser 7b that is suspended to be conductive, It is set so that it can approach in the direction.
By configuring in this way, for example, the winding 9 around which the first to fourth coils 10 between the third riser and the fourth riser are wound is finally a slot between the fifth and sixth teeth. The length of the winding 9 pulled out from the slot 6c and suspended from the slot 6c by the fourth riser 7b adjacent in the circumferential direction, thereby being routed between the slot 6c and the commutator 7. Can be further shortened, and further prevention of thickening can be achieved.

Incidentally, the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 may be used. The basic structure of the electric motor is a quadrupole type similar to that of each of the embodiments described above, and a pair of coils 10 facing each other in the radial direction between a pair of adjacent commutator pieces 7a. Are connected in series. For this reason, the pair of coils 10 are opposed to the same pole, and the winding direction of the winding 9 is the same direction. In this case, the winding 9 unwound from the third riser is drawn into the slot 6c between the first and second teeth, and is preset in the slot 6c between the fifth and sixth teeth. The first coil 10 is formed by winding (N−n) times n times (2 times in the present embodiment) less than N times (12 times in the present embodiment). The second coil 10 is formed by winding N times between the slots 6c between the teeth 11-12 and the slots 6c between the teeth 15-16 and forming the second coil 10. -2 is pulled into the slot 6c between the teeth # 2, and the first coil 10 is again wound n times (twice), and the winding 9 is pulled out from the slot 6c between the teeth 5-6, Slot 6c and circumferential position It is configured to turn applied to have the fourth riser 7b.
And by setting it as such a structure, the length of the coil | winding 9 routed between the slot 6c and the commutator 7 can be shortened, and the prevention of winding thickening can be aimed at.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric motor 3 Permanent magnet 4 Armature 6 Armature core 6c Slot 7 Commutator 7a Commutator piece 7b Riser 9 Winding

Claims (4)

  When P is an even number of 4 or more and a is a natural number of 1 or more, an armature supported by a yoke having P magnetic poles is formed, and a core having (a × P) teeth formed in a circumferential direction. On the outer periphery of the coil, a coil conducting to a pair of adjacent commutator pieces is wound between a plurality of arbitrary slots, and the plurality of coils are wound between slots facing each magnetic pole. These coils are armatures of rotating electrical machines in which the winding direction is wound in order in the circumferential direction with the forward winding and the reverse winding alternately.   2. A pair of commutator pieces according to claim 1, wherein N and n are natural numbers of 1 or more and N> n, and the coil is formed by winding a winding N times between slots. The winding that is conducted to the winding is wound (N−n) times between the slots at the beginning of winding, N times between the other slots, and n times between the slots at the beginning of winding again. An armature of a rotating electrical machine that is configured as   When P is an even number of 4 or more and a is a natural number of 1 or more, an armature supported by a yoke on which P magnetic poles are formed, and (a × P) teeth are formed on the outer periphery. On the outer periphery of the core, a coil conducting to a pair of adjacent commutator pieces is wound between a plurality of arbitrary slots, and the plurality of coils are arranged between the slots facing each magnetic pole, A method of manufacturing an armature for a rotating electrical machine in which winding is sequentially wound in a circumferential direction while alternately repeating forward winding and reverse winding.   In claim 3, when N and n are natural numbers and N> n, the coil is formed by winding a winding N times between slots, and is electrically connected to a pair of commutator pieces. The winding is wound (N−n) times between the slots at which winding starts, and then wound N times sequentially between the slots facing the magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction, and n times between the slots at which winding starts again. A method of manufacturing an armature for a rotating electrical machine that is wound around.

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