JP2011071018A - Manufacturing method for lithium ion battery positive active material, and positive active material for lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Abstract

A By controlling freely primary particle diameter during LiFePO ₄ particles generated, it is possible to obtain a narrow LiFePO ₄ particles size distribution, a lithium ion battery which can improve the initial discharge capacity and the load characteristics A positive electrode active material manufacturing method and a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material are provided.
A method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention is obtained by dissolving Li ₃ PO ₄ or a Li source and a phosphoric acid source and an Fe source in a solvent containing water as a main component. the mixture, an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas, when the pressure and heat in an atmosphere of a mixed gas of an inert gas, oxidizing gas or reducing gas (G _R) and inert gas The volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) to (G _I ) is controlled within the range of 5:95 to 100: 0, and the primary particle diameter of the generated LiFePO ₄ fine particles is controlled.
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Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery and a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery. More specifically, the primary particle size of LiFePO ₄ is controlled by controlling the gas phase atmosphere during LiFePO ₄ hydrothermal synthesis. The present invention relates to a freely controllable lithium ion battery positive electrode active material manufacturing method and a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material obtained by this manufacturing method.

Non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries have higher energy density and can be easily miniaturized compared to conventional aqueous batteries such as Ni-Cd batteries and Ni-H batteries. Widely used in portable devices such as computers. As a positive electrode material for this non-aqueous lithium ion battery, LiCoO ₂ is currently in practical use and is generally used.
By the way, in the field of a hybrid battery, an electric vehicle, a large battery mounted on an uninterruptible device, etc. expected in the future, when LiCoO ₂ is directly applied to a positive electrode material of a non-aqueous lithium ion battery, there are various problems as follows. There was a point.
One of the problems is that LiCoO ₂ uses rare metal cobalt (Co), so that it is difficult to obtain a large amount of cobalt (Co) stably in terms of resources and cost. It is.
In addition, LiCoO ₂ releases oxygen at a high temperature, so there is a risk of explosion when abnormal heat is generated or when the battery is short-circuited. Therefore, there is a point that the risk of applying LiCoO ₂ to a large battery is great. .

Therefore, in recent years, a cathode material having a phosphoric acid skeleton that is inexpensive and has low risk has been proposed in place of the cathode material using LiCoO ₂ . Among them, LiFePO ₄ having an olivine structure is attracting attention as a positive electrode material having no problem in terms of resources and costs, based on safety, and has been researched and developed worldwide (for example, patent literature) 1, non-patent literature 1 etc.).
Since the olivine-based positive electrode material typified by LiFePO ₄ uses iron (Fe), it is abundant in nature and inexpensive compared to cobalt and manganese in terms of resources. The olivine structure is a material excellent in safety because it does not release oxygen at a high temperature like a cobalt system such as LiCoO ₂ due to the covalent bond between phosphorus and oxygen.

However, it has been pointed out that LiFePO ₄ having such advantages also has problems in terms of characteristics.
One problem is that the conductivity is low. In this regard, the conductivity is improved by recent improvements, in particular, by combining LiFePO ₄ and carbon, or coating the surface of LiFePO ₄ with carbon. There have been many attempts.
Another problem is that the diffusibility of lithium ions during charging and discharging is low. For example, in a compound having a layered structure such as LiCoO ₂ or a spinel structure such as LiMnO ₂ , the diffusion direction of lithium during charge / discharge is bi-directional or tri-directional, whereas an olivine structure such as LiFePO ₄ is used. In the compound, the diffusion direction of lithium is limited to one direction. In addition, since the electrode reaction during charging / discharging is a two-phase reaction in which conversion is repeated between LiFePO ₄ and FePO ₄ , LiFePO ₄ is considered disadvantageous for high-speed charging / discharging.

The most effective method for solving these problems is to reduce the LiFePO ₄ particle size. That is, even if the diffusion direction is one direction, if the diffusion distance is shortened by reducing the particle size, it can be considered that the charge / discharge speed can be increased.
Conventionally, a solid phase method has been used as a method for synthesizing LiFePO _{4. In} this solid phase method, LiFePO ₄ raw materials are mixed in a stoichiometric ratio and fired in an inert atmosphere. If the conditions are not properly selected, LiFePO ₄ having the intended composition cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to control the particle size and it is difficult to reduce the particle size. Therefore, a liquid phase synthesis method utilizing a hydrothermal reaction has been studied as a method for reducing the particle size of the LiFePO ₄ particles.

The advantage of a hydrothermal reaction is that a product with a much higher purity can be obtained at a lower temperature than in a solid phase reaction. However, also in this hydrothermal reaction, the particle size is largely controlled by factors relating to reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and time. In addition, when controlled by these factors, there are many parts that depend on the performance of the manufacturing apparatus itself, and reproducibility is difficult.
Therefore, as a method for producing LiFePO ₄ fine particles by a hydrothermal reaction, a method of synthesizing organic acids and ions such as CH ₃ COO ⁻ , SO ₄ ²⁻ , Cl ^{− and the} like by simultaneously containing them in a solvent, and this hydrothermal reaction There has been proposed a method of obtaining single-phase LiFePO ₄ fine particles by adding excess Li at the time (for example, see Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 2, etc.). A method of obtaining LiFePO ₄ fine particles having a small particle diameter by mechanically pulverizing a reaction intermediate has also been proposed (Patent Document 3).

Japanese Patent No. 3484003 JP 2008-66019 A Special table 2007-511458 gazette

A. K. Padi et al., “Phospho-Olibin as Positive-Electrode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1997, Vol. 144, No. 4, p. 1188 (AKPadhi et al., “ Phosph0-olivine as Positive-Electrode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ", J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 4, 1188 (1997)) Keisuke Shiraishi, Yoon Ho, Kiyoshi Kanamura, “Synthesis of LiFePO4 Cathode Active Material for Rechargeable Lithium Battery by Hydrothermal Reaction”, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 2004, Vol. 112, No. 1305, No. 1 S58-S62 (Keisuke Shiraishi, Young Ho Rho and Kiyoshi Kanamura, "Synthesis of LiFePO4 cathode active material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries by Hydrothermal Reaction", J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., Suppl. 112, S58-S62 (2004)

As described above, the large-sized lithium ion battery used in the present invention is roughly classified into two types.
One is an application that requires high-speed charge / discharge as typified by a hybrid vehicle, and the LiFePO ₄ used is required to have a small particle size.
The other is a power storage application such as an uninterruptible device, a solar battery, a household battery, etc., which requires a larger capacity than the case of high-speed charge / discharge, and LiFePO ₄ has large particles that do not greatly impair the load characteristics. It is necessary to have a diameter and high crystallinity.
Thus, it is difficult to satisfy these two required characteristics with one type of LiFePO ₄ , and therefore, a method for producing a LiFePO ₄ positive electrode material that can easily correspond to each of the two required characteristics, that is, control of the particle diameter. Thus, a method for producing a LiFePO ₄ positive electrode material that meets each of the two required characteristics is desired.

However, in the method of producing the LiFePO ₄ particles by conventional hydrothermal reaction, certainly LiFePO ₄ particles is obtained, although also improved load characteristics of interest, the initial discharge capacity is decreased, and further high-speed charge There was a problem that the discharge characteristics deteriorated.
This phenomenon is considered to be caused by the generated LiFePO ₄ fine particles having a wide particle size distribution. That is, when the LiFePO ₄ fine particles have a wide particle size distribution, the proportion of amorphous ultrafine particles that do not contribute to charge / discharge increases, resulting in a decrease in initial discharge capacity, and also high-speed charge / discharge characteristics. Will be reduced.

  In particular, in the method of controlling the particle size by adding the above-described additive, there is a possibility that the additive may remain in the reaction product LiFePO4. Since the remaining additive is an impurity for the battery characteristics, if the additive remains as it is to obtain a final product battery, there is a possibility that the life of the battery may be shortened.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, by controlling freely primary particle diameter during LiFePO ₄ particles generated, it is possible to obtain a narrow LiFePO ₄ particles size distribution, initial discharge It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the lithium ion battery positive electrode active material which can improve a capacity | capacitance and a load characteristic, and the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that when the LiFePO ₄ fine particles are produced by utilizing a hydrothermal reaction, the atmosphere is made up of an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas, and an inert gas. If an atmosphere composed of a mixed gas with an active gas is used, and pressurizing and heating in this atmosphere, it is possible to obtain LiFePO ₄ fine particles having a narrow particle size distribution, and further, an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas, By controlling the volume ratio with the inert gas, it was found that the primary particle diameter during the production of LiFePO ₄ fine particles can be freely controlled, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention was obtained by dissolving Li ₃ PO ₄ or a Li source and a phosphoric acid source and an Fe source in a solvent containing water as a main component. The mixture is pressurized and heated in an atmosphere composed of a mixed gas of an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas and an inert gas to generate LiFePO ₄ fine particles.

The oxidizing gas is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ozone and chlorine dioxide.
The reducing gas is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen.
The inert gas is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon.
By controlling the volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) between the oxidizing gas or the reducing gas (G _R ) and the inert gas (G _I ) within a range of 5:95 to 100: 0. It is preferable to control the primary particle size of the LiFePO ₄ fine particles to be generated.

  The positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the present invention is obtained by the method for producing a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the present invention.

According to the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, a mixture containing Li ₃ PO ₄ or a Li source and a phosphoric acid source, an Fe source, and a solvent containing water as a main component is oxidized. Since pressurization and heating are performed in an atmosphere composed of a gas or a reducing gas and a mixed gas of an inert gas, LiFePO ₄ fine particles having a narrow primary particle size distribution can be easily obtained.
Furthermore, by controlling the volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) of the oxidizing gas or reducing gas (G _R ) to the inert gas (G _I ) within the range of 5:95 to 100: 0, The primary particle diameter of the generated LiFePO ₄ fine particles can be freely controlled.

According to the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, since the particle size distribution of the primary particle diameter of the LiFePO ₄ fine particles is narrow, the initial discharge capacity and load characteristics can be improved.

The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of this invention and the form for implementing the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries are demonstrated.
This embodiment is specifically described for better understanding of the gist of the invention, and does not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified.

"Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery"
In the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to this embodiment, Li ₃ PO ₄ , or a Li source and a phosphoric acid source, and an Fe source are dissolved in a solvent containing water as a main component, and the resulting mixture is obtained. Is pressurized and heated in an atmosphere consisting of a mixed gas of an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas and an inert gas to produce LiFePO ₄ fine particles.

When the LiFePO ₄ fine particles are synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, a method using a Li source such as a Li salt, a Fe source such as a Fe (II) salt, a phosphoric acid source such as a PO ₄ salt as a synthesis raw material, a Li source and phosphorus There are a method using Li ₃ PO ₄ reacted with an acid source, and a method using Fe ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ reacted with an Fe source and a phosphate source.
However, since Fe ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ is easily oxidized and difficult to handle, it is preferable to use Li ₃ PO ₄ and Fe sources such as Fe (II) as raw materials.

Note that the method using Li source, Fe source and phosphoric acid source is equivalent to the method using Li ₃ PO ₄ because Li ₃ PO ₄ is generated at the initial stage of the reaction. Therefore, a method is preferred in which Li ₃ PO ₄ is first synthesized, and then Li ₃ PO ₄ and Fe source are hydrothermally reacted to synthesize LiFePO ₄ fine particles.

Here, the reason for using the hydrothermal reaction is as follows.
As another synthesis method of LiFePO ₄ , there is a solid phase method in which a raw material and a carbon source are mixed and baked in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere.
Since particle size control in this method is mainly to control the firing temperature and firing time, low-temperature firing can reduce the particle size, but crystallinity deteriorates. However, it is difficult to achieve both a reduction in particle size and an improvement in crystallinity because it is difficult to reduce the particle size.
On the other hand, in the hydrothermal reaction, since the production process and the firing process of LiFePO ₄ fine particles are separated, the primary particle diameter can be easily controlled by controlling the atmosphere in the production process.

The reason why the primary particle diameter easily changes during the production process of LiFePO ₄ fine particles is that LiFePO ₄ seed particles are first produced at the initial stage of the hydrothermal reaction, and these seed particles are oxidized or reduced. Under the atmosphere, the surface of the seed particles is oxidized or reduced, and further dissolution and precipitation are hindered. As a result, it becomes difficult for the grains to grow. On the other hand, under an inert atmosphere, there are no such factors that hinder grain growth, so grain growth proceeds and the grain size increases.
Therefore, if the atmosphere in the production process of LiFePO ₄ fine particles is controlled by a mixed gas of an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas and an inert gas, the primary particle size can be set to an arbitrary particle size in the production process of LiFePO ₄ fine particles. It becomes possible to control.

Next, a method for producing the LiFePO ₄ fine particles will be described in detail.
1. Preparation of Lithium Phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ) Slurry First, a Li source and a phosphoric acid source are introduced into water, and these Li source and phosphoric acid source are reacted to produce lithium phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ). And a lithium phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ) slurry.

The Li source is preferably a Li hydroxide or a Li salt. For example, the Li hydroxide may be lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Further, as the Li salt, lithium inorganic acid salts such as lithium carbonate (Li ₂ CO ₃ ) and lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium organic acid salts such as lithium acetate (LiCH ₃ COO) and lithium oxalate ((COOLi) ₂ ) And hydrates thereof, and one or more selected from these groups are preferably used.

Examples of phosphoric acid sources include phosphoric acid such as orthophosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) and metaphosphoric acid (HPO ₃ ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ ), and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH ₄ )). ₂ HPO ₄ ), ammonium phosphate ((NH ₄ ) ₃ PO ₄ ) and one or more selected from the group of these hydrates are preferably used. Among them, orthophosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate are preferable because of their relatively high purity and easy composition control.

2. Preparation of mixture of lithium phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ) and Fe source To the lithium phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ) slurry described above, an Fe source and a reducing agent are added to form a mixture.
The Fe source is preferably an Fe salt, such as iron chloride (II) (FeCl ₂ ), iron sulfate (II) (FeSO ₄ ), iron acetate (II) (Fe (CH ₃ COO) ₂ ), and water thereof. One or more selected from the group of Japanese products are preferably used.

The reaction concentration, that is, the concentration of Li ₃ PO ₄ and Fe source in this mixture when converted to LiFePO ₄ is preferably 0.5 mol / L or more and 1.5 mol / L or less, more preferably 0.7 mol / L or more and 1.2 mol / L or less.
The reason is that when the reaction concentration is less than 0.5 mol / L, LiFePO ₄ having a large particle size is likely to be produced, and the load characteristics are deteriorated for the reason already described, while the reaction concentration is 1.5 mol / L. by weight, it can not be performed stirring sufficiently, therefore, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, will remain unreacted materials becomes as a result, difficult to LiFePO ₄ single phase is obtained, used as a battery material It is not possible.

3. Hydrothermal synthesis of the mixture The above mixture is reacted (hydrothermal synthesis) under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in an atmosphere composed of a mixed gas of an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas and an inert gas, and LiFePO ₄ A reactant containing fine particles is obtained.
The atmosphere during this reaction (hydrothermal synthesis) is such that the volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) of the oxidizing gas or reducing gas (G _R ) to the inert gas (G _I ) is from 5:95 to 100: It is preferable to control within the range of 0.
By controlling this volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) within the above range, the primary particle diameter of the generated LiFePO ₄ fine particles can be controlled to an arbitrary size within the range of 50 nm to 800 nm. .

The oxidizing gas is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. In particular, oxygen that is inexpensive and easily available is preferably used.
Further, instead of this oxidizing gas, it is also possible to use a hydrogen peroxide solution that releases oxygen at a high temperature, an organic peracid aqueous solution, or the like.

The reducing gas is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, and sulfur dioxide is preferably used in view of safety.
In addition, sulfite water or the like can be used instead of the reducing gas.

  The inert gas is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon. In particular, in view of availability and production cost, nitrogen or carbon dioxide is Preferably used.

These gases may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, oxidizing gas and reducing gas cannot be used simultaneously. This is because if these oxidizing gas and reducing gas are used at the same time, the oxidation and reduction are offset and the effect is lost.
In addition, after storing the mixture in the autoclave, if the inside of the autoclave is not subjected to vacuum replacement, and a reducing gas is introduced while the autoclave is in the atmosphere, there may be some oxygen remaining in the atmosphere. . In this case, it is necessary to adjust the atmosphere in the autoclave by adjusting the amount of reducing gas introduced.

The conditions of the high temperature and high pressure in this reaction (hydrothermal synthesis) are not particularly limited as long as the temperature, pressure, and time are within the range of producing LiFePO ₄ fine particles, but the reaction temperature is, for example, 120 ° C. or more and 250 ° C or lower is preferable, more preferably 150 ° C or higher and 220 ° C or lower.

  Further, the pressure during the reaction is preferably, for example, 0.2 MPa or more and 4.0 MPa or less, and more preferably 0.4 MPa or more and 2.5 MPa or less. Although depending on the reaction temperature, the reaction time is preferably, for example, 1 hour to 24 hours, more preferably 3 hours to 12 hours.

4). The reactions containing LiFePO ₄ particles separated above LiFePO ₄ particles, decantation, centrifugation, by filtration or the like, is separated into LiFePO ₄ particles and Li-containing waste solution (solution containing Li unreacted).
The separated LiFePO ₄ fine particles are dried at 40 ° C. or higher for 3 hours or longer using a drier or the like.
As described above, LiFePO ₄ fine particles having a narrow particle size distribution in which the primary particle diameter is arbitrarily controlled can be obtained efficiently.

"Positive electrode active material for lithium-ion batteries"
A the manufacturing method described above cathode active material for a lithium ion battery produced by the reaction with (hydrothermal synthesis) when the atmosphere of an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas (G _R), with an inert gas (G _I) By controlling the volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) within the range of 5:95 to 100: 0, LiFePO ₄ microparticles whose primary particle diameter is arbitrarily controlled can be obtained.

The primary particle size of the LiFePO ₄ fine particles is preferably 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less for applications where load characteristics are required, and 200 nm or more and 800 nm or less for applications where capacity is important.
However, if the primary particle size is less than 50 nm, the proportion of particles with low crystallinity that do not contribute to charge / discharge increases, leading to a decrease in the overall capacity, resulting in deterioration of load characteristics, while exceeding 800 nm. Then, the movement distance of electrons and lithium ions in the fine particles becomes too long, which causes a significant decrease in load characteristics and cannot withstand storage applications.

"Electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery"
In order to use the above-described positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery as a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, particularly a positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, it is necessary to cover the surface of LiFePO ₄ fine particles with carbon.
This is because if the surface is not coated with carbon, the conductivity, which is the problem of LiFePO ₄ already described, is not improved, and good results as battery characteristics cannot be obtained.

As a carbon coating method, for example, LiFePO ₄ fine particles are mixed with a water-soluble monosaccharide, polysaccharide, or water-soluble polymer compound that is a carbon source, followed by evaporation to dryness, vacuum drying, or spray drying. , using the drying method such as freeze drying method, homogeneously film is formed on the surface of the LiFePO ₄ particles, then in an inert atmosphere, then fired at a temperature that produces a carbon carbon source is decomposed, LiFePO ₄ particles A conductive carbon film is formed on the surface.

The firing temperature depends on the type of carbon source, but is preferably 500 ° C to 1000 ° C, more preferably 700 ° C to 800 ° C.
At a low temperature of less than 500 ° C., the carbon source is not sufficiently decomposed and a conductive carbon film is not sufficiently formed, which becomes a resistance factor in the battery and adversely affects battery characteristics. On the other hand, at a high temperature exceeding 1000 ° C., the growth of LiFePO ₄ fine particles progresses and becomes coarse, and the high-speed charge / discharge characteristics due to the Li diffusion rate, which is a problem of LiFePO ₄ particles, are remarkably deteriorated.
Thus, by covering the LiFePO ₄ fine particles, which are the above-described positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, with carbon, it becomes suitable as a positive electrode active material for positive electrodes of lithium ion batteries, particularly lithium ion secondary batteries.

A lithium ion battery can be obtained by using the electrode formed using the carbon-coated LiFePO ₄ fine particles as a positive electrode, and further including a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
In this lithium ion battery, the positive electrode is formed using carbon-coated LiFePO ₄ fine particles in which the surface of LiFePO ₄ fine particles whose primary particle diameter is arbitrarily controlled is covered with a conductive carbon film. The initial discharge capacity is improved, and the high-speed charge / discharge characteristics are also excellent.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention concretely, this invention is not limited by these Examples.

"Example 1"
To 1 L of pure water, 3 mol of lithium chloride (LiCl) and 1 mol of phosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) were added and stirred to obtain a lithium phosphate (Li ₃ PO ₄ ) slurry.
Next, 1 mol of iron (II) chloride (FeCl ₂ ) was added to the slurry, and water was further added to obtain a raw material liquid having a total amount of 2 L. The reaction concentration of this raw material liquid was converted to LiFePO ₄ and was 0.5 mol / L.

Next, this raw material liquid is put into an autoclave and evacuated using a diaphragm pump, and then O ₂ gas (G _R ) and N ₂ gas (G _I ) are mixed with each other (volume ratio G _R : G _I ). The mixture was introduced at 5:95, reacted at 180 ° C. for 6 hours, then filtered and solid-liquid separated. The mixing ratio (volume ratio) was the partial pressure ratio of the introduced gas from the pressure during evacuation.

Subsequently, the same amount of water as the mass of the separated solid was added and suspended, and the operation of solid-liquid separation by filtration was performed three times for washing.
The obtained cake-like LiFePO ₄ is pulverized and dispersed for 12 hours in a ball mill using 5 mm diameter zirconia beads as a medium after adding 5 g of polyethylene glycol and 150 g of pure water to 150 g in terms of solid content. A slurry was prepared.

  Next, the slurry was sprayed into an air atmosphere at 180 ° C. and dried to obtain a granulated body having an average particle size of about 6 μm. This granulated body was fired at 750 ° C. for 1 hour under an inert atmosphere to prepare a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of Example 1.

"Examples 2 to 15"
Each raw material liquid in total 14 points prepared as in Example 1 was charged into the autoclave each was evacuated them by using a diaphragm pump, in each autoclave, oxidizing or reducing gas (G _R) And an inert gas (G _I ) are introduced at the composition and mixing ratio (volume ratio G _R : G _I ) shown in Table 1, heated and reacted at 180 ° C. for 6 hours, and then filtered and solid-liquid separated. Thus, solid materials of Examples 2 to 15 were prepared.
The mixing ratio (volume ratio) was the partial pressure ratio of the introduced gas from the pressure during evacuation.
Subsequently, using these solid materials, positive electrode active materials for lithium ion batteries of Examples 2 to 15 were prepared according to Example 1.

“Comparative Example 1”
The raw material solution prepared in accordance with Example 1 was put into an autoclave and evacuated using a diaphragm pump. Then, N ₂ gas was introduced into the autoclave, heated at 180 ° C. for 6 hours, and then filtered. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed to produce the solid material of Comparative Example 1.
Next, a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of Comparative Example 1 was produced according to Example 1 using this solid material.

"Evaluation of positive electrode active materials for lithium-ion batteries"
About each positive electrode active material of Examples 1-15 and Comparative Example 1, the average primary particle diameter and specific surface area were measured by the following method.
(1) Average primary particle diameter A field-effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) image of 50,000 times was taken with a field-effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and several fields of this FE-SEM image 100 particles were randomly selected from the above, and analyzed by image analysis type particle size distribution measurement software MacVIEW (manufactured by Mountech Co., Ltd.), and the average value of the particle sizes was defined as the average primary particle size.

(2) Specific surface area Specific surface area meter The specific surface area (m ² / g) of the positive electrode active material was measured using Belsorb II (manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.).
Table 1 shows the characteristics of the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Example 1.

"Production of lithium ion secondary battery"
The positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Example 1 were each subjected to the following treatments, and lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Example 1 were produced.
First, 90 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material, 5 parts by mass of acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary agent, 5 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as a solvent were mixed. .
Next, these were kneaded using a three-roll mill to produce a positive electrode active material paste.

Next, this positive electrode active material paste was applied onto an aluminum current collector foil having a thickness of 30 μm, and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to produce a positive electrode having a thickness of 60 μm.
Next, this positive electrode was punched into a 2 cm ² disk shape, dried under reduced pressure, and then a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using a stainless steel 2016 type coin cell in a dry argon atmosphere.
Here, metallic lithium is used as a negative electrode, a porous polypropylene film is used as a separator, and 1 mol of LiPF ₆ is mixed into an electrolytic solution in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) 1: 1. The resulting mixture was used.

"Battery charge / discharge test"
A battery charge / discharge test was performed using each of the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Example 1.
Here, the cutoff voltage was 2.0 V to 4.0 V, and the initial discharge capacity was measured by charging at 0.1 C and discharging at 0.1 C. The other discharge capacities were measured by charging at 0.2C and measuring the discharge capacities at 1C, 2C, 3C, and 5C.
The ratio (%) between the discharge capacity at 3C and the discharge capacity at 0.1C was defined as the discharge maintenance ratio (3C / 0.1C maintenance ratio).
Table 1 shows the discharge capacities and discharge retention rates (3C / 0.1C retention rate) of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Example 1.

According to Table 1, in Examples 1 to 15, an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas _{(G R),} the volume ratio of the inert gas _{(G I):} a _{(G R G I) 5:} 95~100 : By controlling within the range of 0, the primary particle diameter of the generated LiFePO ₄ fine particles could be controlled to an arbitrary size within the range of 50 nm or more and 800 nm or less. Therefore, compared with the comparative example 1, the discharge capacity and the discharge maintenance ratio (3C / 0.2C maintenance ratio) were improved, and it was confirmed that the discharge characteristics were improved and the initial discharge capacity was ensured.

In the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention, a mixture containing Li ₃ PO ₄ or a Li source and a phosphoric acid source, an Fe source, and a solvent containing water as a main component, an oxidizing gas or LiFePO ₄ fine particles having a narrow primary particle size distribution can be easily obtained by pressurizing and heating in an atmosphere consisting of a mixed gas of a reducing gas and an inert gas. By applying the obtained positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery to a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery, in particular, a lithium ion secondary battery, it is possible to improve discharge characteristics and secure an initial discharge capacity. Is very significant.

Claims (6)

Li ₃ PO ₄ , or a Li source and a phosphate source, and an Fe source are dissolved in a solvent containing water as a main component, and the resulting mixture is mixed with an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas and an inert gas. A method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, characterized by producing LiFePO ₄ fine particles by pressurizing and heating in an atmosphere comprising a mixed gas.   2. The method for producing a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing gas is one or more selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ozone, and chlorine dioxide.   2. The method for producing a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the reducing gas is one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen.   The lithium ion battery positive electrode active according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inert gas is one or more selected from the group consisting of helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon. A method for producing a substance. By controlling the volume ratio (G _R : G _I ) between the oxidizing gas or the reducing gas (G _R ) and the inert gas (G _I ) within a range of 5:95 to 100: 0. The method for producing a lithium ion battery positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a primary particle diameter of the LiFePO ₄ fine particles to be produced is controlled.   A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery obtained by the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5.