JP2010268900A - Method for measuring pupil diameter and pupil imaging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pupil imaging device that enables accurate measurement of the pupil diameter and improves the treatment results of intraocular lens insertion or corneal refraction surgery.
A housing that has a first opening disposed in front of a subject's eye and a second opening that intersects the subject's line of sight facing the front, and provides daily vision to the subject. A reflector that is disposed obliquely with respect to the body and the line of sight, transmits visible light incident from the second opening, and reflects infrared rays applied to the eyes of the subject, and is reflected by the reflector. And an imaging device for taking an infrared image formed by the infrared rays.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a pupil diameter measuring method and a pupil imaging apparatus.

  In recent years, in the treatment of cataracts, intraocular lens insertion techniques in which an aspheric intraocular lens or a multifocal intraocular lens is inserted instead of the extracted lens have been actively performed. However, when these intraocular lenses are used, the postoperative visual acuity changes slightly depending on the size of the pupil.

  In recent years, refractive surgery has been actively conducted in which the cornea is shaved to treat myopia. In this operation, the expected vision recovery cannot be expected unless the area of the cornea is sufficiently larger than the pupil.

  Against this background, in recent years, the importance of accurate measurement of pupil diameter has been recognized again.

  The pupil diameter is obtained by photographing the subject's eye and analyzing the obtained image. At present, the pupil photographing device employed in the treatment site is a device that projects the eye of a subject gazing at an index on a half mirror and photographs the image with a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera.

  This pupil photographing device has a half mirror, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera for photographing the eyes of a subject reflected in the half mirror, and a cylindrical housing for storing these. A pair of openings are opened on the side surface of the housing. The half mirror is disposed obliquely between these openings, and a CCD camera is disposed below the half mirror.

  The subject places one eye on the eyepiece provided on one of the openings, and gazes at the index through the other opening. At this time, the eye of the subject reflected on the half mirror is photographed by the CCD camera. Thereafter, the photographed image is analyzed by an image processing apparatus to determine the pupil diameter.

  Based on the pupil diameter thus obtained, a treatment policy is determined, and intraocular lens insertion or corneal refraction surgery is performed.

JP 2002-325734 A

  However, even if the pupil diameter is measured using a conventional pupil photographing apparatus and the treatment policy is determined, the visual acuity may not be recovered as expected.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a pupil diameter measuring device that improves the therapeutic results of intraocular lens insertion and refractive surgery.

  In order to achieve the above object, a pupil imaging device of the present invention includes a first opening disposed in front of a subject's eye, and a second opening that intersects the subject's line of sight facing the front. An infrared ray that is disposed obliquely with respect to the line of sight, transmits visible light incident from the second opening, and is applied to the eye of the subject. And an imaging device that captures an infrared image formed by the infrared light reflected by the reflecting mirror.

  In order to achieve the above object, the pupil diameter measurement method of the present invention measures the pupil diameter in a bright environment.

  According to the present invention, since the pupil can be photographed in the same state as in daily vision, the therapeutic results of intraocular lens insertion and corneal refraction correction surgery are improved.

1 is a perspective view of a pupil imaging device of Example 1. FIG. 1 is a top view of a pupil imaging device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the side view of the pupil imaging device of Example 1 seen from the direction of the arrow III of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the IV-IV line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the VV line | wire of FIG. It is a block diagram explaining the structure of the pupil diameter measuring apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is an example of the image taken in by the imaging device. It is a flowchart explaining the measurement procedure of a pupil diameter. It is a graph explaining an example of the time change of a pupil diameter. It is a perspective view of the pupil imaging device of Example 2. It is the side view of the pupil imaging device of Example 2 seen from the XI direction of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the pupil imaging device of Example 2 cut | disconnected in the direction of the arrow along the XII line of FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but extends to the matters described in the claims and equivalents thereof. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the corresponding part even if drawings differ, The description is abbreviate | omitted.

  When a conventional pupil photographing device is mounted, the range of the outside world that the subject can look around is limited to the center of the visual field. At this time, the peripheral part of the visual field is blocked by the light-shielded casing and is completely dark. In other words, the field of view of the subject is narrower than in daily life, and the amount of light (illuminance) that reaches the eyes of the subject is reduced. As described above, conventionally, photographing of the pupil has been performed in a state different from daily vision (viewing in daily life).

  For this reason, the size of the pupil imaged by the conventional pupil imaging device was different from the pupil diameter in daily vision. Therefore, even if a treatment policy is determined by photographing the pupil with a conventional pupil photographing apparatus, the expected treatment result may not be obtained.

  That is, in intraocular lens insertion surgery and refractive correction surgery, the reason for sometimes failing to achieve the expected treatment results is that the pupil was photographed in a state different from that of daily vision. As is apparent from the above description, in the conventional pupil imaging device, what makes daily vision difficult is the housing of the pupil imaging device.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the case of the pupil imaging device is a case that provides daily vision to the subject. Such a housing can be formed of, for example, a material transparent to visible light (hereinafter referred to as a transparent material). The casing formed of a transparent material does not block the visual field of the subject and does not reduce the illuminance of visible light at the pupil position of the subject, so that it can provide daily vision.

  According to such a pupil imaging device, the pupil can be imaged in the same state as in daily vision, so that the therapeutic results of intraocular lens insertion surgery and corneal refraction correction surgery are improved.

  In addition, if the pupil is photographed using this pupil photographing apparatus and the pupil diameter is measured based on the image, the pupil diameter in daily vision can be measured. This is nothing but a method for measuring pupil diameter in a bright environment.

(1) Configuration FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pupil imaging device 2 of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a top view of the pupil imaging device 2. FIG. 3 is a side view of the present pupil imaging device 2 as seen from the direction of arrow III in FIG.

  4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4 and 5, the eye 18 of the subject is also drawn. In addition, the member shown with the broken line in FIG.4 and 5 is a member which is not on each cross section.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the present pupil imaging device 2 includes a pair of housings 4a and 4b, left and right eye connecting portions 8a and 8b that connect the housings 4a and 4b, and housings 4a and 4b. A belt 6 for fixing to the face, a belt fixing tool 7 for fixing the belt 6 to the housings 4a and 4b, and dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b are provided. 1 to 5, the hatched portion is formed of a transparent material (for example, polycarbonate or acrylic).

  2 and 3, the housings 4a and 4b have body portions 12a and 12b, eyepiece portions 14a and 14b, and covers 16a and 16b that cover cables (not shown). . In FIG. 3, the covers 16a and 16b are omitted.

  Hereinafter, the housing 4a and its internal structure will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the pupil imaging device 2 has a symmetric structure with respect to the center plane 20. Therefore, the housing 4b and its internal structure are substantially the same as the housing 4a and its internal structure. Therefore, the description is omitted.

  Inside the housing 4a, an imaging device 11a, a correction lens holding member 13, and an infrared light emitting element 15 made of LED (Light Emitting Diode) are attached (see FIGS. 4 and 5). The cable is connected to the imaging device 11 a and the infrared light emitting element 15.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the housing 4 a includes a first opening 22 disposed in front of the subject's eye 18, and the subject's line of sight 26 facing the first opening 22 and facing the front. The second opening 24 intersects with the second opening 24.

  The first opening 22 is surrounded by the eyepiece 14a, and the eyepiece 14a is applied to the face of the subject so as to cover the periphery of the eye 18 of the subject.

  On the other hand, in the second opening 24, the dichroic mirror 10a is disposed obliquely with respect to the line of sight 26 of the subject looking at the front. The angle of the dichroic mirror 10a with respect to the line of sight is 45 °, for example. Here, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, the casings 4 a and 4 b have a transparent member 25 surrounding the second opening 24. The transparent member 25 may be integrally formed with the other part of the housing 4a, or may be formed separately from the other part and then integrated with the other part.

  The dichroic mirror 10a is a reflecting mirror made of a dielectric multilayer film that transmits substantially 100% of visible light (470 nm to 780 nm) and reflects approximately 100% of near infrared light (820 nm to 1000 nm).

  As described above, the dichroic mirror 10a transmits substantially 100% of visible light. Accordingly, visible light generated in the outside world and incident on the second opening 24 is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 10a with almost no attenuation, and then passes through the first opening 22 to pass through the eyes 18 of the subject. To reach.

  By the way, as shown in FIG. 5, the infrared light emitting element 15 is attached in the vicinity of the eyepiece part of the main body part 12a. The emission wavelength of the infrared light emitting element 15 is, for example, 870 nm. When the infrared light emitting element 15 emits light, for example, near infrared light having a wavelength of 870 nm is irradiated to the eye 18 of the subject. Here, since infrared rays (including near-infrared rays) are not visible to humans, the pupil diameter does not change due to the light reaction even when the subject's eyes are irradiated with infrared rays.

  Near-infrared rays irradiated to the eye 18 of the subject are scattered, and a part thereof proceeds toward the dichroic mirror 10a. As shown in FIG. 4, the near-infrared ray 28 that has reached the dichroic mirror 10a is reflected by the dichroic mirror 10a, changes its traveling direction, and enters the imaging device 11a. And the infrared image of a test subject's eye 18 is image | photographed by the imaging device 11a.

  The imaging device 11 a is a camera that includes a light receiving lens 46 and a CCD imaging device 48. Note that the CCD image sensor 48 of this embodiment is made of Si. Therefore, the imaging device 11a can capture a near-infrared image.

  As described above, the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b transmit substantially 100% of visible light. Further, a member 25 (see the hatched portion in FIGS. 1 to 5) surrounding the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b is formed of a material that is transparent to visible light. Accordingly, visible light reaches the eye 18 of the subject from a wide range of outside worlds centered on the line of sight 26. Therefore, according to the present pupil imaging device 2, visible light having an illuminance that is not different from that of daily life enters the subject's eye 18 from the outside.

  On the other hand, in the conventional pupil imaging device, a half mirror that transmits 50% of visible light and reflects 50% is used instead of the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b. In addition, a half mirror is installed in a light-shielded casing. Therefore, the illuminance of visible light reaching the subject's eyes is smaller than the illuminance (environment illuminance) of the environment where the index is placed. In such a case, the pupil diameter is larger than that of daily vision.

  In the casings 4a and 4b, the member 25 surrounding the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b is formed of a transparent material. Therefore, the subject can secure a field of view that is not different from everyday life. Such a difference in field of view is considered to affect the pupil diameter.

  Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 4, a correction lens holding member 13 for detachably holding the correction lens 32 is provided in the vicinity of the eyepiece 14a of the housing 4a. The corrective lens holding member 13 is a member having the same structure as the optometry frame. That is, the corrective lens holding member 13 has an annular support plate 34 and a plurality of columns 36 fixed on the support plate 34 (see FIG. 4). Here, the support column 36 has at least one constriction.

  The correcting lens 32 is temporarily fixed by fitting the outer peripheral portion thereof into the constriction. The correction lens holding member 13 is preferably formed of a transparent material.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a slit 38 is provided on the side surface of the housing near the eyepiece 14a (the slit 38 is omitted in drawings other than FIG. 5). Through this slit 38, the correction lens 32 is inserted into the housing 4a and temporarily fixed to the correction lens holding member 13.

  Thus, since this housing | casing 4a, 4b has the correction lens holding member 13 which hold | maintains a correction lens so that attachment or detachment is possible, with respect to the test subject who uses spectacles or a contact lens in daily life, It can provide unchanging vision. On the other hand, conventional pupil diameter photography does not have a correction lens holding member. Therefore, when the subject is myopic or the like, the conventional pupil photographing device has photographed the pupil in a state where the focus is not fixed. Even in such a case, the pupil diameter is different from that of daily vision.

  By the way, in the conventional pupil imaging device, imaging of the pupil is performed in a state where the subject is gazing at the external index with one eye. In this case, the pupil diameter becomes larger than that in daily vision.

  However, in this pupil imaging device, the first opening 22, the second opening 24, the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b, and the imaging devices 11a and 11b are provided for both the right eye and the left eye of the subject. ing. Therefore, according to the present pupil imaging device 2, imaging of the pupils of both eyes can be performed while the subject is gazing at the external index with both eyes. The first opening 22 and the second opening 24 may be provided for both the right eye and the left eye of the subject, and the dichroic mirror and the imaging device may be provided for only one eye. In this case, the pupil of one eye can be photographed while the subject is gazing at the external index with both eyes.

  As is clear from the above description, according to the casings 12a and 12b, the illuminance of light reaching the eyes of the subject, the visual field of the subject, and the visual acuity of the subject are substantially the same as those in daily life. In addition, according to the housings 12a and 12b, the index can be seen with both eyes as in the daily life.

  In this way, the main casings 12a and 12b are casings that provide daily vision to the subject. Therefore, according to the present pupil imaging device 2, the pupil diameter can be measured in the same state as in daily vision. Therefore, according to the present pupil imaging apparatus, the treatment results of intraocular lens insertion and refractive surgery are improved.

  In this embodiment, only the portion surrounding the second opening 24 is formed of a transparent material. However, the entire housing may be formed of a transparent material.

  The material forming the housing is not necessarily transparent, and may be a material that is not transparent but transmits visible light. For example, a material in which a large number of fine bubbles are introduced into the transparent substance to make it cloudy may be used. Even if the casing is formed of such a material, the illuminance of visible light reaching the subject's eyes is almost the same as the illuminance in daily life. Accordingly, it is possible to create a state that is almost the same as that of daily vision. That is, the material forming the housing may be a material that transmits visible light, that is, a light-transmitting material (including a transparent material).

  By the way, the extension of the transparent member 25 surrounding the second opening 24 can be defined by an angle with respect to the line of sight 26 of the subject facing the front.

  For example, a straight line 30a connecting the end of the nose (of the subject) and the center of the eye 18 of the subject in the transparent member 25 (excluding portions covered with opaque members such as the eyepieces 14a and 14b) is provided. The angle formed with the line of sight 26 of the subject facing the front is preferably 60 ° or more (180 ° or less) (see FIG. 5). In addition, the angle formed by the straight line 30b connecting the end of the ear (of the subject) and the center of the eye 18 of the subject in the transparent member 25 and the line of sight 26 of the subject facing the front is 100 ° or more (180 °). The following is preferable (see FIG. 5). The angle formed by the straight line 30c connecting the lower end of the transparent member 25 and the center of the eye 18 of the subject and the line of sight 26 of the subject facing the front is 75 ° or more (180 ° or less). Preferred (see FIG. 4). The angle formed by the straight line 30d connecting the upper end of the transparent member 25 and the center of the subject's eye 18 and the line of sight 26 of the subject facing the front is preferably 75 ° or more (180 ° or less). .

  If each angle defining the outer edge of the transparent member 25 is so wide, the field of view of the subject is not blocked by the housing. Moreover, light with sufficient illuminance reaches the eyes of the subject from the outside.

  However, even if each angle is narrowed, if the member surrounding the second opening 24 is transparent, the pupil can be photographed in a state closer to daily vision than a conventional pupil photographing apparatus.

  For example, since the visual fields of the right eye and the left eye partially overlap, the angle formed by the straight line 30a on the nose side and the line of sight 26 may be 10 ° or more (180 ° or less).

  In addition, when relatively large imaging devices 11a and 11b are used, the lower ends of the imaging devices 11a and 11b may enter the upper end of the field of view of the subject. However, even in this case, the illuminance of visible light reaching the subject's eyes and the visual field of the subject are almost the same as those in daily life. Therefore, the angle formed by the straight line 30d at the upper end of the transparent member 25 and the line of sight 26 may be 60 ° or less.

  The visible light transmittance of the dichroic mirror 10a is preferably 90% or more and 100% or less. More preferably, the transmittance is 95% or more and 100% or less.

  Also, the near infrared reflectance of the dichroic mirror 10a is preferably 90% or more and 100% or less. More preferably, the reflectance is 95% or more and 100% or less.

  The dimensions of the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b are preferably sufficiently larger than the eyes of the subject. For example, the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b are preferably 50 mm and 30 mm, respectively.

  Note that the slit for taking the correction lens in and out of the housing may be provided on the bottom surface of the housing instead of the side surface of the housing. Further, the infrared rays generated by the infrared light emitting element 15 may not be near infrared rays. In that case, the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b are those that reflect infrared rays having a long wavelength generated by the infrared light emitting element 15.

(2) Operation FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a pupil diameter measuring device 40 including the pupil imaging device 2. Hereinafter, the operation of the pupil imaging device 2 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The pupil diameter measuring device 40 includes the pupil imaging device 2 and the analysis device 41 of the present embodiment. The analysis device 41 includes an analysis unit 42 having a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory, and a display unit 44 including an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the like.

  As the analysis unit 42, a signal processing unit disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-178679 and a processing unit disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-43359 can be used.

  Output terminals of the imaging devices 11 a and 11 b forming the pupil imaging device 2 are connected to the analysis unit 42 by a first cable 43. Through this cable 43, video signals captured by the imaging devices 11 a and 11 b are transmitted to the analysis unit 42. The analysis unit 42 is connected to the input terminal of the infrared light emitting element 15 forming the pupil imaging device 2 by the second cable 45. The infrared light emitting element 15 emits light by the power supplied through the cable 45.

  The pupil diameter is measured according to the following operation.

  First, the goggles-like pupil photographing device 2 is fixed to the subject's face by the belt 6.

  Next, the subject gazes at an index such as a Landolt ring of the visual acuity table through the correction lens 32 and the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b that are loaded in advance. At this time, the visible light reflected by the index enters the eye 18 of the subject through the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b. Further, the visible light reflected by the wall or the like located around the index is transmitted through the transparent portions of the housings 4a and 4b and enters the eye 18 of the subject. Accordingly, visible light having an illuminance that is almost the same as that when the pupil photographing apparatus 2 is not worn is incident on the eye 18 of the subject.

  Next, the infrared light emitting element 15 emits light by the power supplied from the analysis unit 42. Then, near-infrared rays are irradiated to the eye 18 of the subject. This near infrared ray is reflected by the eye 18 of the subject and further totally reflected by the dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b. Thereafter, the near infrared ray 28 travels toward the imaging devices 11a and 11b, passes through the light receiving lens 46, and forms an image on the CCD imaging device 48 of the imaging devices 11a and 11b.

  The image of the eye 18 of the subject connected to the CCD imaging device 48 is captured as an image by the imaging devices 11a and 11b. FIG. 7 is an example of a captured image. A pupil 50 is displayed at the center of the image. The horizontal line 52 indicated by a broken line is used for determining the following pupil diameter candidates and does not exist in the captured image itself.

  This image is sent to the analysis unit 42 and then converted into a black and white binary signal. Thereafter, one pupil diameter candidate is obtained for each horizontal line 52 by the analysis unit 42. Among the pupil diameter candidates, the largest diameter is determined as the pupil diameter and recorded in the memory as a pupil diameter measurement value. The pupil diameter is measured and recorded for each image taken at a period of 30 Hz.

  A series of these operations are performed in parallel on the subject's right eye and left eye. Further, the analysis unit 42 measures the center position of the pupil based on the acquired image of the eye 18 of the subject, and records the horizontal coordinate (hereinafter referred to as a lateral position) in the memory. The center position of the pupil may be measured for both eyes or may be measured for only one eye as in this embodiment.

  The display unit 44 displays a photographed image of both eyes, a temporal change in pupil diameter, and the like.

(3) Pupil Diameter Measurement FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the pupil diameter measurement procedure. In FIG. 8, the steps surrounded by a broken line are actions mainly performed by the measurer. On the other hand, the steps surrounded by the solid line are operations performed by the pupil diameter measuring device 40. FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining an example of a temporal change in pupil diameter.

  With reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, the procedure for measuring the pupil diameter will be described. In the measurement, the pupil diameter measuring device 40 described with reference to FIG. 6 is used.

  First, the measurer completely corrects the visual acuity of the subject (step S1).

  Next, the correction lens determined at this time is loaded into the pupil photographing apparatus 2. Thereafter, the pupil photographing device 2 loaded with the correction lens is attached to the subject, and the pupil diameter and the lateral position (horizontal position) of the pupil are measured in accordance with the “(2) operation” (step S2).

  The pupil diameter is measured by having a subject gaze at a Landolt ring about 5 m ahead, and then holding a pen or the like in front of the subject's eyes. In addition, the position of the pen etc. to present is a position of about 30 cm from a test subject's face. The subject is caused to repeat the gaze action several times. That is, let the subject repeat distance and near vision. At this time, the subject visually observes an index such as a Landolt ring or a pen in a correct state.

  Next, the measurer examines the measured data, and excludes the data when the subject blinks from the analysis target (step S3).

  FIG. 9 is an example of measurement data. The horizontal axis is the elapsed time from the start of imaging. The left vertical axis is the pupil diameter. The right vertical axis is the horizontal position of the right eye. Here, the lateral position of the right eye increases as it approaches the subject's nose. FIG. 9 shows the pupil diameter 54 of the right eye, the pupil diameter 56 of the left eye, and the lateral position 58 of the right eye. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the subject is not blinking.

  The lateral direction position 58 of the right eye shown in FIG. This reflects the convergence reflection of the eye. In other words, the lateral position 58 of the right eye is increased due to the eyes being near the nose. On the other hand, at a distance, the right eye returns to the center of the eye hole, and the lateral position 58 decreases.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the lateral position 58 of the right eye greatly increases and decreases and then stabilizes. There may be a transition period until the lateral position 58 stabilizes, which is the period during which the subject is not correctly gazing at the Landolt ring or pen.

  Therefore, in this measurement, a period in which the change in the lateral position of the pupil is small is extracted from the measurement data (step S4). In the present embodiment, the measurer extracts this period, but the analysis device 41 may perform the extraction. Here, the period 60 in which the horizontal position is small is a distance period, and the period 62 in which the horizontal position is large is a distance period.

  Next, each extracted period is input to the analysis device 41. At this time, it is also input whether each period is a distance view or a near view. Then, the analysis device 41 reads out the pupil diameters of both eyes from the memory in each input period (step S5).

  Next, the analysis device 41 calculates an average value of pupil diameters at the distance and near distance based on the read data (step S6).

  Finally, the analysis device 41 displays the calculated average value of the pupil diameters of both eyes on the display unit 44 (step S7).

  According to the above procedure, the average value of pupil diameter at distance and near distance was measured with 20 eyes open for 20 normal subjects (10 males and 10 females) with an average age of 26.8 ± 4.8 years. There are 100 measurement points. The room illuminance at the time of measurement is 200-300 Lux.

  As a comparative example, an average pupil diameter was measured for the same subject using a conventional pupil diameter measuring apparatus (FP-10000, manufactured by TMI Corporation). This pupil diameter measuring device is a device that measures the pupil diameter by one-eye gaze. The casing is cylindrical and the inside is shielded from light.

  The average value of the pupil diameter at the distance of vision measured by this pupil diameter measuring apparatus was 3.4 ± 0.2 mm. On the other hand, the average value of the pupil diameter at a distance as measured with a conventional pupil diameter measuring apparatus was 3.2 ± 0.1 mm. That is, the pupil diameter at a distance is increased when measured with the present pupil diameter measuring apparatus.

  Moreover, the average value of the pupil diameter at the time of near vision measured by this pupil diameter measuring apparatus was 2.7 ± 0.1 mm. On the other hand, the average value of the near pupil diameter measured with a conventional pupil diameter measuring apparatus was 2.9 ± 0.1 mm. That is, the pupil diameter at the near vision becomes small when measured by this pupil diameter measuring apparatus.

  As described above, the pupil diameter measuring apparatus and the conventional pupil diameter measuring apparatus can obtain different pupil diameters. This is because the pupil diameter measuring apparatus can measure the pupil diameter in substantially the same state as in daily vision.

  In addition, a light-shielding plate that does not transmit visible light may be inserted into one of the correction lens holding members 13 in place of the correction lens 32 to perform photographing of the eye. In this way, the eye of the subject who is gazing at the index with one eye can be photographed.

  As described above, the method for measuring the pupil diameter using the present pupil imaging device is a method for measuring the pupil diameter in a bright environment. Here, the bright environment means that when measuring the pupil diameter, the illuminance at the position where the subject's pupil is arranged is preferably 100 Lux or more and 500 Lux or less, more preferably 200 Lux or more and 300 Lux or less. To do. These illuminances are the intensity of visible light to which the pupil is normally exposed in daily life.

  FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the pupil imaging device 2a of the present embodiment. FIG. 11 is a side view of the pupil imaging device 2a viewed from the direction of the arrow XI in FIG. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the pupil imaging device 2a cut in the direction of the arrow along the line XII in FIG. 10 to 12, the hatched portion is a portion formed of a transparent material.

  10 to 12, the belt that fixes the housing 4 to the face of the subject and the fixture thereof are omitted. Further, in FIG. 11, the imaging devices 11 a and 11 b and the infrared light emitting element 15 viewed through the housing 4 are drawn by broken lines.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the housing 4 of the present pupil photographing device 2a is a binocular integrated type. That is, the respective members (dichroic mirrors 10a and 10b, photographing devices 11a and 11b, correction lens holding member 13, and infrared light emitting element 15) for the right eye and the left eye are stored in one housing 4. . The eyepiece unit 14 is shared by the right eye and the left eye.

  The configuration of the housing 4 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the housings 14a and 14b of the first embodiment except that they are integrated. Therefore, even if this pupil imaging device 2a is used, the pupil diameter can be measured in substantially the same state as in daily life.

  The operation of the pupil photographing apparatus 2a and the method for measuring the pupil diameter using the pupil photographing apparatus 2a are the same as the operation and the measuring method of the pupil photographing apparatus 2 of the first embodiment.

(Modification)
In the above example, the pupil imaging device has a correction lens holding member. However, the pupil imaging device may not have the correcting lens holding member. If the pupil photographing apparatus has a mounting member such as a hook, a correction lens holder such as an optometry frame can be attached to the pupil photographing apparatus.

  In this case, the eyesight of the subject can be corrected using an optometry frame or the like. Therefore, even if the pupil imaging device itself does not have a correcting lens holding member, the pupil can be imaged in the positive correction state.

2, 2a ... pupil imaging device 4, 4a, 4b ... housing 6 ... belt 7a, 7b ... belt fixtures 8a, 8b ... left and right eye joints 10a, 10b ... dichroic Mirror 11a, 11b ... Imaging device 12, 12a, 12b ... Main body 13 ... Correcting lens holding member 14, 14a, 14b ... Eyepiece 15 ... Infrared light emitting element 16a, 16b ... -Cover 18 ... Eye 20 ... Center plane 22 ... First opening 24 ... Second opening 25 ... Transparent member 26 ... Line of sight 28 ... Near infrared ray 30a , 30b, 30c, 30d ... straight line 32 ... correction lens 34 ... support plate 36 ... column 38 ... slit 40 ... pupil diameter measuring device 41 ... analysis device 42 ... Analysis unit 43... First cable 44... Display unit 45. 6 ... Photosensitive lens 48 ... CCD image sensor 50 ... Pupil 52 ... Horizontal line 54 ... Right eye pupil diameter 56 ... Left eye pupil diameter 58 ... Right eye side Directional position 60, 62 ... period

Claims (9)

A housing that has a first opening disposed in front of the subject's eye and a second opening that intersects the subject's line of sight facing the front, and provides daily vision to the subject;
A reflector that is arranged obliquely with respect to the line of sight, transmits visible light incident from the second opening, and reflects infrared rays applied to the eyes of the subject;
An imaging device that captures an infrared image formed by the infrared light reflected by the reflecting mirror;
A pupil photographing apparatus. The pupil imaging device according to claim 1,
The housing includes at least a light-transmitting member surrounding the second opening.
A featured pupil imaging device. In the pupil imaging device according to claim 2,
The member is transparent to visible light;
A featured pupil imaging device. The pupil imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Having a correction lens holding member for detachably holding the correction lens;
A featured pupil imaging device. The pupil imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Comprising a mounting member to which the correction lens holder is mounted;
A featured pupil imaging device. In the pupil imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The first opening and the second opening are provided for both the right eye and the left eye of the subject,
A featured pupil imaging device. A housing having a first opening disposed in front of the subject's eye, a second opening intersecting the subject's line of sight facing the front, and a translucent member surrounding the second opening Body,
A reflector that is arranged obliquely with respect to the line of sight, transmits visible light incident from the second opening, and reflects infrared rays applied to the eyes of the subject;
An imaging device that captures an infrared image formed by the infrared light reflected by the reflecting mirror;
Pupil photographing device. A first opening disposed in front of the subject's eye, and a housing having a second opening that intersects the subject's line of sight facing the front,
A reflector that is arranged obliquely with respect to the line of sight, transmits visible light incident from the second opening, and reflects infrared rays applied to the eyes of the subject;
An imaging device for capturing an infrared image formed by the infrared light reflected by the reflecting mirror;
The first opening and the second opening are provided for both the right eye and the left eye of the subject,
A featured pupil imaging device.   A pupil diameter measurement method that measures pupil diameter in a bright environment.

Images