JP2010239866A - Food cooking method and cooking apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for cooking food, producing with good productivity cooked food having texture and palate feeling like those of deep-fried food. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cooking a food material includes using the cooking apparatus 100 which is equipped with an edible oil coating apparatus 10 coating a food material with edible oil, a superheated steam furnace 20 applying superheated steam to the food material passing the edible oil coating apparatus 10, and coated with edible oil, a far infrared heater 32 heating the food material passing the superheated steam furnace 20 to swell at least the surface, and a hot wind furnace 40 jetting hot wind to the food material heated with the far infrared heater. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooking method and a cooking device for foods that are non-fried but have a texture and texture like those of fried foods.

  One method of cooking food is fry cooking in which food material is passed through hot oil. Taking fried food as an example of fried food, deep-fried tofu (tofu dough) is deeply fried in oil at about 120 ° C, and the water in the tofu dough is evaporated to expand (stretching process). Next, it is conventionally manufactured by fried with oil of about 180 ° C., and by curing the surface of the expanded tofu dough to fix the expanded state (a mustard process).

  However, when the food material is immersed in high-temperature oil, the oil is likely to be immersed in the food material, so that the fried food generally has a high fat content and a high calorie content. In frying, the frying oil is always kept at a high temperature, but the oil is liable to be deteriorated by oxidation or hydrolysis under high temperature conditions. For this reason, it is necessary to frequently change the frying oil, and it takes time and labor for the replacement work. Further, since a large amount of oil is required, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is increased.

  As a technique for solving these problems, a cooked food having a texture and texture close to that of a fried food is produced by applying superheated steam to a food material to which oil is attached and cooking it.

  For example, in the following Patent Document 1, edible oil is attached to the surface of a deep-fried raw material, and the deep-fried raw material to which the edible oil is attached is increased in temperature with low-temperature superheated steam at 105 ° C. or higher and lower than 160 ° C. It is disclosed that the deep-fried raw material is foamed entirely by applying superheated steam to rapidly evaporate the internal moisture, and the surface of the deep-fried raw material is further colored to produce the deep-fried food.

JP-A-2005-46021

  However, since the superheated steam has a high energy cost, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases when cooking with only the superheated steam as in Patent Document 1 described above. Furthermore, compared with the case of fried cooking, the expanded state was insufficient, and both the texture and the texture were inferior to the fried food.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a food cooking method and a cooking apparatus capable of producing a cooked food having a texture and texture like a fried food with high productivity.

  In order to achieve the above object, the method for cooking food according to the present invention includes an edible oil coating step of coating a food material with edible oil, and applying the superheated steam to the food material after the edible oil coating step, A stretching process for expanding at least the surface of the food material, a pre-curing process for pre-curing the surface of the food material by irradiating the food material after the stretching process with heat of a far-infrared heater, and the food material after the pre-curing process And a step of curing the surface of the food material by applying hot air.

  According to the present invention, after the food material is coated with edible oil, the surface atmosphere of the food material can be brought close to a state immersed in high-temperature oil by applying superheated steam. For this reason, even if it is not immersed in high temperature oil, the surface of a foodstuff material can be heated substantially uniformly and at least one part of the surface can be expanded. Further, in the edible oil coating step, it is not necessary to heat the edible oil to a high temperature state, so that the edible oil is hardly deteriorated. For this reason, it is possible to always cover the food material with the edible oil with little deterioration while suppressing the exchange frequency of the edible oil. And by irradiating the heat of the far-infrared heater at least on the food material whose surface is expanded, the water inside the food material is evaporated and released while slowly curing the surface of the food material immediately after the elongation process. Can stretch the food material sufficiently. Then, by applying hot air to the pre-cured food material, the surface of the food material can be cured without causing cracks, and the surface can be colored. Therefore, according to the present invention, a cooked food having the same texture and texture as a conventional fried food and having a good appearance without surface damage such as cracks can be obtained with high productivity.

  The edible oil coating step of the food cooking method of the present invention is preferably performed by immersing the food material in edible oil at 60 ° C. or lower. According to this aspect, the edible oil can be efficiently coated uniformly on the entire circumference of the food material while suppressing the deterioration of the edible oil.

  The stretching step of the food cooking method of the present invention is preferably performed while applying vibrations to the food material continuously or at regular intervals. According to this aspect, by giving vibration to the food material, it becomes easy to remove water vapor or bubbles contained in the food material, so that the food material can be expanded uniformly and more quickly. For this reason, since it becomes possible to perform an extending process in a shorter time, the consumption of superheated steam can be reduced and manufacturing cost can be suppressed more.

  In the method of cooking food according to the present invention, the food material is tofu dough, and the stretching step is performed for 3 to 7 minutes by applying superheated steam so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough becomes 80 to 180 ° C. The preliminary curing step is performed for 1 to 3 minutes so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough becomes 100 to 180 ° C. by the heat of the far-infrared heater, and the mustard step is performed with hot air of 180 to 250 ° C. on the tofu dough. Is preferably performed by spraying for 3 to 7 minutes. By cooking the tofu dough under the above conditions, it has the same flavor, texture and texture as the conventional fried chicken manufactured through the frying process, and it has less fat and fat content compared to conventional fried chicken. Can produce cooked foods like fried chicken.

  The cooking device according to the present invention includes an edible oil coating device that coats a food material with edible oil, and a superheated steam furnace that applies superheated steam to the food material that passes through the edible oil coating device and is coated with edible oil. A far-infrared heating furnace comprising a far-infrared heater that heats a food material that has passed through the superheated steam furnace and at least the surface has been expanded, and a hot-air And a hot stove to which is applied.

  According to the cooking device of the present invention, in a superheated steam furnace, the surface atmosphere of the food material is brought close to a state immersed in high-temperature oil by applying superheated steam to the food material coated with edible oil. Can do. For this reason, even if it is not immersed in high temperature oil, the surface of a foodstuff material can be heated substantially uniformly and at least one part of the surface can be expanded. In the far-infrared heating furnace, the surface of the food material immediately after the elongation process is slowly cured by irradiating the heat of the far-infrared heater on the food material having at least the surface expanded in this way, while the food is slowly cured. Water inside the material can also be evaporated, and the food material can be stretched sufficiently. And in the hot air furnace, hot air is applied to the food material whose surface has been pre-cured, so it can be cured without causing cracks in the surface layer of the food material, and the surface should be colored. Can do.

  The edible oil coating apparatus of the cooking device according to the present invention includes a drip tank that immerses the food material in the edible oil, and an air jet that removes an excessive amount of oil adhering to the food material taken out from the drip tank. Is preferred. According to this aspect, the entire circumference of the food material can be uniformly and efficiently coated with the cooking oil.

  In the heating and cooking apparatus of the present invention, the superheated steam furnace may be configured such that the food material placing portion is continuously or intermittently vibrated in the vertical direction and / or the horizontal direction. preferable. According to this aspect, the food material is vibrated in the vertical direction and / or the left-right direction, so that water vapor or bubbles contained in the food material can be easily removed. The material can be uniformly and more quickly expanded, and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the cooked food with the same texture and texture as the conventional fried food and the good external appearance without surface damage, such as a crack, can be manufactured with high productivity.

It is a schematic block diagram of the heat cooking apparatus of this invention.

  The heating cooking apparatus of this invention is demonstrated using FIG.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooking device according to the present invention. This cooking device 100 includes an edible oil coating device 10 and a first conveying belt that conveys a food material introduced into the edible oil coating device 10. 51, superheated steam furnace 20, far infrared heating furnace 30, hot air furnace 40, second transport belt 52 capable of transporting food materials in the order of superheated steam furnace 20, far infrared heating furnace 30, hot air furnace 40, It is mainly composed of a discharge belt 53 for discharging the food material out of the apparatus.

  The edible oil coating apparatus 10 includes a drip tank 11 and an air injector 12, introduces a food material that moves on the first conveying belt 51 into the drip tank 11, and applies the food material that has passed through the drip tank 11. The air is blown by the compressed air from the air injector 12. In the drip tank 11, edible oil having a low melting point such as salad oil, sesame oil and rapeseed oil is introduced, and the temperature of the edible oil in the tank is preferably 30 to 60 ° C, more preferably 50. It is kept at ~ 60 ° C.

  The superheated steam furnace 20 has a superheated steam injection port 22 disposed in the housing 21. This superheated steam injection port 22 is composed of an upper superheated steam injection port 22a and a lower superheated steam injection port 22b, which are arranged so as to sandwich the second conveying belt 52a on the side flowing along the traveling direction, Superheated steam is jetted from above and below the food material that moves on the second conveyor belt 52a. Although not shown in particular, the superheated steam injection port 22 is connected to a pipe extending from the superheated steam generation device, and superheated steam supplied from the superheated steam generation device is discharged from the superheated steam injection port 22. A vibrator 23 is disposed on the second conveyor belt 52a on the side flowing along the traveling direction, and the second conveyor belt 52a vibrates continuously or intermittently in the vertical direction and / or the horizontal direction. Configured to be given. Although there is no limitation in particular as the vibration machine 23, what provided the unevenness | corrugation in the guide rail etc. are mentioned.

  Also, a cleaning device 24 is disposed on the second transport belt 52b near the lower portion in the housing 21 and flowing in the direction opposite to the traveling direction, and the belt after discharging the food material from the discharge belt 53 to the outside of the system is disposed. It is configured to be washable. The cleaning device 24 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include showers, steam, and air blow.

  A far infrared heating furnace 30 disposed adjacent to the transport direction of the superheated steam furnace 20 has a far infrared heater 32 in a housing 31. The far-infrared heater 32 includes an upper far-infrared heater 32a and a lower far-infrared heater 32b, which are arranged so as to sandwich the second transport belt 52a on the side flowing along the traveling direction in the vertical direction. The food material moving on the conveyor belt 52a is irradiated with heat from a far-infrared heater from above and below.

  The hot stove 40 disposed adjacent to the conveying direction of the far-infrared heating furnace 30 has a hot air jet port 42 in the housing 41. The hot air injection port 42 is composed of an upper hot air injection port 42a and a lower hot air injection port 42b, which are arranged so as to sandwich the second conveying belt 52a on the side flowing along the traveling direction in the vertical direction. Hot air is jetted from above and below the food material that moves on the conveyor belt 52a. Although not shown in particular, the hot air jet 42 is connected to a pipe extending from the hot air generator, and hot air supplied from the hot air generator is discharged from the hot air jet 42.

  The first transport belt 51 and the second transport belt 52 are not particularly limited, but have a hole that penetrates vertically, such as a mesh-like material, a net-like material, or a punching metal made of an oil-resistant material such as stainless steel. Those having the shape provided are preferably used.

  Next, taking the case of using the cooking device 100 having the above configuration as an example, the cooking method for food of the present invention will be described.

  In the method of cooking food according to the present invention, the food material to be cooked is not particularly limited, and tofu dough used as a raw material for deep-fried deep-fried chicken, deep-fried chicken, cancer, etc. Etc. Hereinafter, when tofu dough is used, fried tofu will be described as an example.

  A tofu dough having a concentration of about 4 to 5% soymilk added with bittern and squeezed and adjusted to a moisture content of 70 to 80% is cut into a thickness of 5 to 15 mm. Place it on the food material placement part 51a.

  The tofu dough placed on the food material placing portion 51 a on the first transport belt 51 is transported by the first transport belt 51, and an edible oil coating process is performed in the edible oil coating apparatus 10.

  In the edible oil coating apparatus 10, the tofu dough is first introduced into the drip tank 11. The edible oil in the drip tank 11 is preferably maintained at 30 to 60 ° C, more preferably 50 to 60 ° C. If the edible oil is maintained at the above temperature, the fluidity of the edible oil can be secured without causing deterioration of the oil, and the tofu dough can be easily coated with the edible oil. Furthermore, since the tofu dough immediately after production is relatively high in temperature, it is difficult to lower the temperature of the tofu dough, heat loss can be suppressed, and consumption of superheated steam can be reduced in the subsequent stretching process.

  The tofu dough that has passed through the drip tank 11 and is coated with oil is blown with compressed air from an air jet 12 disposed at the subsequent stage of the drip tank 11 to be excessively adhered to the tofu dough. Remove the edible oil and adjust the amount of edible oil attached. The amount of edible oil attached varies depending on the type of food material and the type of cooked food as the final product, but is not particularly limited. For example, when obtaining deep-fried food like food, It is preferable to attach 2 to 3 g. If the amount of edible oil attached to 50 g of tofu dough is less than 2 g, the tofu dough may not be evenly coated with edible oil. If the amount of edible oil exceeds 3 g, the final product will have a solid texture. In addition, the fat content increases and the calorie content becomes high.

  In this way, the tofu dough whose amount of adhesion to the edible oil is adjusted is transferred to the second conveyor belt 52 at the terminal portion of the edible oil coating apparatus 10 and is transported by the second conveyor belt 52 while being heated. It is conveyed in the order of the furnace 20, the far infrared heating furnace 30, and the hot air furnace 40.

  In the superheated steam furnace 20, superheated steam is applied to the tofu dough from the up and down direction of the second conveyor belt 52 to perform a stretching process for expanding at least the surface of the tofu dough.

  Since the tofu dough is coated with cooking oil, by applying superheated steam to the tofu dough, the atmosphere near the surface of the tofu dough approaches the state immersed in the hot oil, and almost the inside of the tofu dough Heat is transmitted uniformly and the inside is heated almost uniformly. As a result, when the moisture in the tofu dough becomes steam, the volume of the tofu dough expands almost uniformly and at least the surface of the tofu dough expands, and the edible oil adhering to the surface of the tofu dough is removed from the tofu dough. It penetrates into the surface layer of the. For this reason, the heating effect similar to the case where a frying process is performed by passing through high-temperature oil is obtained.

  The treatment conditions in the stretching step are more preferably 3 to 7 minutes by adjusting the surface temperature of the tofu dough to 80 to 180 ° C. by applying superheated steam to the tofu dough. Particularly preferably, superheated steam at 140 to 170 ° C. is applied to the tofu dough to adjust the surface temperature of the tofu dough to 130 to 170 ° C. and maintained in this state for 5 to 6 minutes. Thereby, the elongation similar to the case where the tofu dough is passed through the high-temperature oil and stretched is obtained, and a cooked food that is similar to the texture and texture of conventional fried foods is obtained. Note that the processing conditions in the stretching process vary depending on the type of food material to be processed, the type of cooked food as the final product, and the like.

  In the stretching process, it is preferable to apply vibration to the tofu dough continuously or at regular intervals. By applying superheated steam to the tofu dough while vibrating the tofu dough, it becomes easy to remove water vapor or bubbles contained in the tofu dough, and the food material can be expanded uniformly and quickly. For this reason, the usage-amount of superheated steam can be reduced more and energy cost can be held down.

  The tofu dough subjected to the stretching process in the superheated steam furnace 20 is transported by the second transport belt 52 and introduced into the far infrared heating furnace 30.

  In the far-infrared heating furnace 30, a pre-curing step is performed in which the heat flow from the far-infrared heater is applied to the tofu dough from above and below to pre-dry the surface of the tofu dough after the stretching step.

  The surface of the tofu dough after the stretching process is soft, and there is a case where water vapor is not completely removed inside. For this reason, when the surface layer is heated suddenly by applying hot air or the like in this state, the surface layer suddenly contracts and cracks are generated, or the surface layer is cured and water vapor trapped inside does not escape, In some cases, the dough may be insufficiently stretched or may shrink after cooling. Furthermore, since the hot air cannot uniformly heat the surface, it may be locally heated and swelled or deformed.

  On the other hand, by applying the heat flow from the far-infrared heater to the tofu dough after the elongation process and heating it, moisture can be quickly removed from the inside of the tofu dough as water vapor while slowly drying the surface, The stretching can be completed completely. In addition, since the surface structure can be altered by heating to form a film and improve the strength of the surface layer, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks and the like in the subsequent moistening process.

  The treatment conditions in the pre-curing step are preferably carried out so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough is the same as the surface temperature in the stretching step, the surface temperature of the tofu dough is 100 to 180 ° C., and the heating time is 1 to 5 It is more preferable to carry out on the conditions for a minute, and it is especially preferable to carry out on the conditions that the surface temperature of tofu dough is 120-150 degreeC, and heating time is 1-3 minutes. According to this, moisture remaining inside the tofu dough can be quickly released as water vapor, and the tofu dough can be sufficiently stretched, and the surface of the tofu dough can be dried slowly to obtain a cured product such as a film. It can be formed on the surface layer. As a result, cracks and the like are less likely to occur even when hot air is applied in the subsequent hot air furnace 40. The processing conditions in the pre-curing process vary depending on the type of food material to be processed, the type of cooked food as the final product, and the like.

  Then, the tofu dough subjected to the preliminary curing process in the far-infrared heating furnace 30 is transported by the second transport belt 52 and introduced into the hot stove 40. Here, the mustard process is performed by spraying hot air on the tofu dough from above and below.

  As described above, the surface of the tofu dough immediately after the stretching process is soft, and when hot air is blown and dried in this state, the surface may shrink rapidly and cracks may occur. The surface of the tofu dough is hardened by the pre-curing of the tofu dough even when hot air is blown on the tofu dough, and edible oil adheres to the surface layer of the tofu dough. However, due to the heat from the hot air, the surface changes to a dark color.

  The processing conditions in the mustard process are preferably performed by injecting hot air at 180 to 250 ° C. for 3 to 7 minutes and more preferably by injecting hot air at 230 to 240 ° C. for 6 to 7 minutes. preferable. The processing conditions in the mustard process vary depending on the type of the target food material, the type of cooked food obtained as the final product, and the like.

  The cooked food thus obtained has the same texture, texture and appearance as those of deep-fried foods obtained through the frying process as in the prior art. Moreover, since it does not pass through a frying process, there is little fat content and it is a low calorie.

  Then, the cooked food that has been subjected to the curd process in the heating furnace 40 is transferred to the discharge belt 53 at the end of the second transport belt 52, and becomes a final product through the cooling process and the packaging process.

  Further, the second conveyor belt 52 on which the cooked food is placed has oil residue attached thereto, but when circulating through the second conveyor belt 52, the oil residue etc. is washed and removed by passing through the cleaning device 24. Therefore, a clean state is always maintained.

  Thus, according to the method for cooking food according to the present invention, the food material has the same texture and texture as a fried food, without cracking the surface, such as cracks, without passing the food material through oil and cooking. Cooked food with good appearance and no appearance can be produced with high productivity.

  In addition, although the food cooking method demonstrated above demonstrated and demonstrated fried deep-frying, it can manufacture by fried foods other than deep-fried, such as deep-fried chicken and cancer, and the method similar to other foodstuffs.

Example 1
A tofu dough having a water content of about 75% was cut into a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 55 mm, and a length of 100 mm, and 2 g of cooking oil was adhered to the tofu dough of about 55 g, and the tofu dough was coated with the cooking oil.
About 160 degreeC superheated steam was applied with respect to the tofu dough coat | covered with this edible oil, the surface temperature of the tofu dough was set to about 140 degreeC, and it hold | maintained in this state for 6 minutes. Subsequently, the heat of the far-infrared heater was irradiated to bring the surface temperature of the tofu dough to about 150 ° C., and this state was maintained for 1 minute. And the hot air of 240 degreeC was sprayed for 6 minutes to the tofu dough.
The cooked food obtained by cooking in this manner had a weight of 36 g, a thickness of 15 mm, a width of 80 mm, and a length of 150 mm. Further, the surface was very good with no damage such as blisters and cracks, and it was colored in a fox color.

(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, the tofu dough coated with edible oil was irradiated with heat from a far-infrared heater so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough was about 120 ° C. and kept in this state for 5 minutes. And the hot air of 240 degreeC was sprayed for 6 minutes to the tofu dough.
The cooked food obtained by cooking in this way had a weight of 38 g, a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 65 mm, and a length of 120 mm. Elongation was poor and swelling was observed on the surface.

(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, superheated steam of about 150 ° C. was applied to the tofu dough coated with edible oil to bring the surface temperature of the tofu dough to about 140 ° C. and kept in this state for 5 minutes. Next, hot air of 240 ° C. was blown onto the tofu dough for 6 minutes.
The cooked food obtained by cooking in this manner had a weight of 36 g, a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 80 mm, and a length of 130 mm. The elongation was poor and cracks were seen on the surface.

(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 1, superheated steam of about 160 ° C. was applied to the tofu dough coated with edible oil to bring the surface temperature of the tofu dough to about 140 ° C. and kept in this state for 6 minutes. Subsequently, the heat from the far infrared heater was irradiated to bring the surface temperature of the tofu dough to about 150 ° C., and this state was maintained for 1 minute.
The cooked food obtained by cooking in this way had a weight of 45 g, a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 70 mm, and a length of 120 mm. Elongation was poor and swelling was observed on the surface.

(Comparative Example 4)
In Example 1, the tofu dough coated with edible oil was irradiated with heat from a far-infrared heater so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough was about 140 ° C. and kept in this state for 7 minutes.
The cooked food obtained by cooking in this manner had a weight of 50 g, a thickness of 11 mm, a width of 60 mm, and a length of 110 mm. Elongation was poor and swelling was observed on the surface.

(Comparative Example 5)
In Example 1, hot air of 240 ° C. was sprayed for 7 minutes to the tofu dough coated with cooking oil.
The cooked food obtained by cooking in this manner had a weight of 50 g, a thickness of 11 mm, a width of 60 mm, and a length of 110 mm. The elongation was poor, swelling was seen on the surface, and burnt eyes were seen on part of the surface.

10: Edible oil coating device 11: drip tank 12: air injector 20: superheated steam furnace 21, 31, 41: housing 22: superheated steam injection port 23: vibrator 24: cleaning device 30: far infrared heating furnace 32: far Infrared heater 40: hot-blast furnace 42: hot-air jet 52: first transport belt 52: second transport belt 53: discharge belt 100: heating cooking device

Claims (7)

An edible oil coating process for coating the food material with edible oil;
Stretching the food material after the edible oil coating step by applying superheated steam to expand at least the surface of the food material; and
A pre-curing step of pre-curing the surface of the food material by irradiating the food material after the stretching step with the heat of a far infrared heater,
Applying hot air to the precured food material to cure the surface of the food material;
A method for heating and cooking foods, comprising:   The food cooking method according to claim 1, wherein the edible oil coating step is performed by immersing the food material in an edible oil of 60 ° C or lower.   The food cooking method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stretching step is performed while applying a vibration to the food material continuously or at regular intervals. The food material is tofu dough,
The stretching process is performed for 3 to 7 minutes by applying superheated steam so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough becomes 80 to 180 ° C.,
The pre-curing step is performed for 1 to 3 minutes by the heat of the far infrared heater so that the surface temperature of the tofu dough becomes 100 to 180 ° C.,
The said mustard process is a food cooking method of any one of Claims 1-3 performed by spraying 180-250 degreeC hot air for 3 to 7 minutes to a tofu dough. An edible oil coating apparatus for coating food materials with edible oil;
A superheated steam furnace that applies superheated steam to the food material that has passed through the edible oil coating apparatus and is coated with edible oil;
A far-infrared heater that heats the food material that has passed through the superheated steam furnace and at least the surface of which has expanded,
A hot air oven that applies hot air to the food material whose surface is pre-cured by heating with the far infrared heater,
A heating cooking apparatus comprising:   5. The heating according to claim 4, wherein the edible oil coating apparatus includes a drip tank that immerses the food material in the edible oil, and an air injector that removes an excessive amount of oil attached to the food material taken out of the drip tank. Cooking equipment.   The said superheated steam furnace is a heating of Claim 5 or 6 comprised so that the mounting part of the said foodstuff material may give a vibration continuously or intermittently to an up-down direction and / or a left-right direction. Cooking equipment.