JP2010084078A - Solid fuel and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid fuel reducing energy consumed during manufacture utilizing an organic waste with high water content, oil-and-fat-type sludge separated in an oil-water separation tank and an inorganic or vegetable waste oil, generating sufficient heat and easily employed as an alternative fuel for coal, petroleum or the like. <P>SOLUTION: The solid fuel is obtained by mixing an organic waste; a hydrous adsorbent having water absorption properties; a dehydration condensation agent containing at least one of calcium oxide, manganese dioxide, manganese sulfate and cobalt sulfate and reacting with water to generate heat and evaporate water; a drying promoter containing at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid and reacting with water to generate heat and evaporate water; a combustion promoter containing at least one of an oil obtained by heating and purifying oil and fat separated by means of a grease trap, an inorganic waste oil and a vegetable waste oil; followed by compression molding and solidification. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel and a method for producing the same. More specifically, for example, organic waste generated at restaurants has a high water content, and oil-based sludge, mineral-based, and animal-and-plant-based waste oil separated by an oil-water separation tank (grease trap) installed in the drainage section are used. The present invention also relates to a solid fuel that has a sufficient amount of heat and can be used as an alternative fuel for coal and petroleum, and a method for producing the same.

  For example, organic waste with a high water content such as soot generated in restaurants and restaurants is collected as raw garbage and composted using microorganisms in composting facilities, or incinerated by incineration facilities. Has been. Similarly, livestock waste such as livestock manure and shochu are composted or incinerated.

  Such composting of waste with a lot of moisture has a problem that it takes a long time to process and the efficiency is low. Moreover, if all the compost that has been produced can be used effectively, it is ideal as a treatment method. Furthermore, when the waste is incinerated, heavy oil is generally used as an auxiliary fuel because the waste is less likely to self-combust.

  On the other hand, in recent years, in order to reduce the load on sewage treatment facilities, the discharge of oil-based sludge into sewers has been suppressed, and oil-based sludge has been sewered into the drainage of kitchen facilities such as various restaurants. An oil / water separation tank (grease trap) is installed to prevent it from flowing into the tank. The oil-based sludge separated in the oil / water separation tank has a considerably large amount of heat, but is generally collected by a recovery company and then disposed of in landfills. Mineral and vegetable waste oils are also collected and used in part as secondary products such as soap, but most are discarded.

  In order to solve some of these problems, a method of producing a solid fuel using organic waste has already been proposed (see Patent Document 1). The method described in Patent Document 1 is a water that is suitable for reduced-pressure fermentation by mixing organic waste with a large amount of water with an increasing amount component consisting of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste tatami and fiber waste with a small amount of water. The mixture is fermented and deodorized under reduced pressure, the mixture is deodorized and dried when heat-dried under reduced pressure, and a high calorific binder composed of waste plastic is added to the mixture after deodorizing and drying. The amount of heat is adjusted, and these materials are kneaded, compressed and molded to adjust the moisture content to 15% or less and the amount of heat to 5000-6500 kcal / kg.

  Moreover, paying attention to the fact that the oil-based sludge separated in the oil / water separation tank has a large amount of heat, a sludge treatment method using this as a fuel has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2). The method described in Patent Document 2 includes a crushing step for crushing oil-based sludge, a separation step for separating crushed oil-based sludge into residues and regenerated fuel, a concentration step for concentrating the separated regenerated fuel, sludge It includes an addition process for adding regenerated fuel to the cake and an incineration process for supplying the sludge cake to which the regenerated fuel has been added to the incinerator and incinerating it, and adding oil-based sludge to the sludge cake supplied to the incinerator as an auxiliary fuel That's it.

JP2008-195910 JP2007-191542

However, the sludge treatment methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have the following problems.
That is, in the method described in Patent Document 1, an organic waste having a high water content is mixed with an increasing component such as wood chips having a low water content and fermented as a water content suitable for reduced-pressure fermentation, and then the water content is further reduced. Therefore, heating and drying are performed under reduced pressure, and heating energy such as fuel is required at this time. However, in the present age when energy saving is screamed in various fields, the field of waste treatment is no exception, and a situation where excessive energy is consumed for treatment is not preferable.

  In addition, the method described in Patent Document 2 simply uses oil-based sludge as an auxiliary fuel to burn a sludge cake having a high water content. It is difficult to use, and it cannot be used as an alternative fuel such as coal or oil.

(Object of the present invention)
The object of the present invention is, for example, organic waste having a high water content, such as rice cakes produced in restaurants, and oil-based sludges and minerals separated from oil-water separation tanks (grease traps) installed in the drainage section. It is intended to provide a solid fuel and a method for producing the same, which use a system waste oil and the like, have a sufficient amount of heat, can be easily used as an alternative fuel such as coal and petroleum, and can keep energy consumed at the time of production low.

  Means taken by the present invention to solve the above problems are as follows.

The present invention
An organic waste, a water-absorbing adsorbent having water absorption, a dehydrating condensing agent that reacts with water containing at least one of calcium oxide, manganese dioxide, manganese sulfate, and cobalt sulfate to evaporate the water. Drying accelerator that contains at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, reacts with water to generate heat and evaporates the water, and oils obtained by heating and refining oil separated by grease trap, mineral waste oil and vegetable waste oil A mixture of a combustion accelerator containing at least one of them was compression molded to solidify,
Solid fuel.

The present invention
A process of mixing the required amount of organic waste as raw material with a water-containing adsorbent (such as sawdust) at the required ratio,
Mix the dehydration condensing agent (quick lime: calcium oxide, etc.) in the required ratio, mix the drying accelerator (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.) in the required ratio, and evaporate the water by the heat of reaction with the water contained in the mixture. Drying process,
A step of mixing a combustion accelerator (oil obtained by heating and refining oil separated by a grease trap, mineral waste oil, animal and vegetable waste oil, etc.) in a required ratio, and then compressing and solidifying the mixture,
including,
This is a method for producing a solid fuel.

The present invention
In the method for producing the solid fuel,
From mixing the combustion accelerator to solidifying,
A step of mixing an antifreezing agent (dipropylene glycol, etc.) in a required ratio;
A step of mixing a carbon sludge decomposing agent (polybutene, etc.) in a required ratio,
A step of mixing a bactericidal agent (such as zinc chloride) at a required ratio,
Mixing the deodorized adsorbent in the required ratio;
A process of mixing a deodorizing adsorbent and a decomposition agent (Bincho charcoal, activated carbon, etc.) in a required ratio,
Including one or more processes selected from the processes of
This is a method for producing a solid fuel.

  Examples of the “organic waste” referred to in the present specification and claims include, for example, straw (raw garbage), manure (human dung, livestock dung), pulp sludge, squeezed straw and other residues produced during the production of drinking water and shochu, These include, but are not limited to, oil-based sludge separated by a strap, other surplus sludge, agricultural waste, marine product waste, agricultural and fishery processing industry waste, food industry waste, and the like.

In addition, examples of the “hydrous adsorbent” include sawdust, rice husk, peat moss, finely crushed shell, corn pulverized cocoon, etc., which have the functionality as an extender, but are not limited thereto. Absent.
Examples of the “dehydration condensing agent” include quick lime (calcium oxide), manganese dioxide, manganese sulfate, cobalt sulfate and the like, but are not limited thereto.
Examples of the “drying accelerator” include, but are not limited to, strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid.

Examples of the “combustion accelerator” include oil obtained by heating and refining oil separated by a grease trap, mineral waste oil, animal and plant waste oil, food residue oil (BOF), naphthenic acid, isopropyl alcohol, rosin and the like. It is not limited to these.
Examples of the “freezing agent” include, but are not limited to, dipropylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol.
Examples of the “carbon sludge dispersion and decomposition agent” include polybutene, but are not limited thereto.

Examples of the “bactericidal agent and disinfectant” include zinc chloride and isopropyl alcohol, but are not limited thereto, for example, oxygen is added as necessary.
Examples of the “deodorizing adsorbent and decomposition agent” include, but are not limited to, Bincho charcoal, activated carbon, zeolite, titanium, silica, slaked lime, and cobalt chloride.

(Function)
In order to produce the solid fuel according to the present invention, a required amount of organic waste as a raw material is mixed with a water-containing adsorbent such as sawdust in a required ratio, and a dehydrating condensing agent such as quick lime (calcium oxide) is mixed in a required ratio. Further, a drying accelerator such as concentrated sulfuric acid is mixed in a required ratio.

  By mixing the water-containing adsorbent with the organic waste having a high water content, the water content of the organic waste is lowered. Further, by mixing a dehydrating condensing agent with this mixture, moisture contained in the mixture reacts with the dehydrating condensing agent to generate reaction heat. This reaction heat evaporates the water, further reducing the water content of the organic waste.

And when a drying accelerator is mixed with this mixture, the drying accelerator reacts with water to generate heat of reaction, and the moisture content can be reduced in the same manner as in the case of the dehydrating condensing agent. It becomes about 15%, and the moisture content can be made extremely low without using a fuel for heating.
Thereafter, as necessary, various additives are mixed in a required amount and pelletized using a dedicated device to obtain a solid fuel.

Since the solid fuel produced in this way is converted into fuel from the entire organic waste that is the raw material while keeping the energy consumed during production low, the amount of heat that the organic waste has can be used effectively. It can be used as a fuel that changes its calorific value to other energy, or as an auxiliary fuel for burning other things.
In addition, solid fuel can reduce environmental impact compared to incineration that emits various harmful gases such as dioxin and carbon dioxide, and composting that has a very long processing span and poor processing efficiency. .

  The present invention relates to organic waste having a high water content, such as rice cake generated in restaurants, and oil-based sludge, mineral-based, animal and plant-based materials separated by an oil-water separation tank (grease trap) installed in a drainage section, for example. It is possible to provide a solid fuel that uses waste oil or the like, has a sufficient amount of heat, can be easily used as an alternative fuel such as coal or petroleum, and can keep energy consumed during production low, and a method for producing the solid fuel.

  The present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a method for producing a solid fuel according to the present invention.

(1) Raw garbage, which is organic waste as a raw material, is placed in the stirring treatment tank 1 and stirred and crushed. The amount of raw garbage input is 100 parts by weight.
(2) Put sawdust, which is a water-containing adsorbent, in the stirring treatment tank 1. The input amount of sawdust is 10 to 50 parts by weight. By mixing the water-containing adsorbent with the organic waste having a high water content, the water of the organic waste is adsorbed and the water content is lowered.

(3) Quick lime (calcium oxide), which is a dehydration condensing agent, is put in the stirring treatment tank 1 with raw garbage. The input amount of quicklime is 10 parts by weight. Thereby, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is generated, and reaction heat is generated. The reaction formula is CaO + H ₂ O → Ca (OH) ₂ + heat.
This reaction heat evaporates the moisture contained in the mixture, further reducing the moisture content of the organic waste.

(4) Put concentrated sulfuric acid, which is a drying accelerator, into the stirring treatment tank 1. The input amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is 2 to 5 parts by weight. By mixing the drying accelerator, the drying accelerator reacts with water to generate heat of reaction, and the water content can be reduced as in the case of the dehydration condensing agent. The water content is about 15%. became. In this way, the water content of the entire mixture can be made extremely low without using fuel for heating.

(5) Oil obtained by heating and refining fats and oils separated by a grease trap as a combustion accelerator, and animal and plant edible waste oil and mineral waste oil are placed in the agitation treatment tank 1. The amount of these fats and oils added is 5 parts by weight. The edible waste oil and mineral waste oil can be used as they are.

(6) Add 1 part by weight of dipropylene glycol, an antifreezing agent, add 2.5 parts by weight of polybutene, a carbon sludge dispersion and decomposition agent, and add 2 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol, a disinfectant and disinfectant. Add appropriate amount of activated carbon, zeolite, and slaked lime, and add appropriate amount of granulated hardening agent, sodium alginate, gelatin and dextrin.
In addition, the input amount of each compounding material is not limited to the above, and can be appropriately adjusted.

  This mixture is further stirred and crushed into powder. Thereafter, using a dedicated device such as a screw extruder, the mixture is compression-molded and pelletized, and this is used as a solid fuel.

  Since the solid fuel produced in this way is converted into fuel from the entire organic waste that is the raw material while keeping the energy consumed during production low, the amount of heat that the organic waste has can be used effectively. It can be used as a fuel that changes its calorific value to other energy, or as an auxiliary fuel for burning other things.

In addition, solid fuel can reduce environmental impact compared to incineration that emits various harmful gases such as dioxin and carbon dioxide, and composting that has a very long processing span and poor processing efficiency. .
Solid fuel can be used as an alternative fuel for coal and oil. For example, it is effective in the industrial fields of electric power, iron making, cement (mining), and paper making, or for heating incinerators in local governments and agricultural houses. Can be used.

  The properties of the solid fuel according to the present embodiment as a fuel were examined.

The properties of the solid fuel obtained by the manufacturing method are as follows.
(Solid fuel analysis results)
(Analysis item) (Unit) (Analysis result)
Lower heating value kj / kg 27500
Lower heating value kcal / kg 6580
Ash% 0.47
Carbon% 56.2
Hydrogen% 12.1
Nitrogen% 0.36
Sulfur% 0.08
Chlorine% less than 0.01

The properties of the exhaust gas when the solid fuel is burned alone are as follows.
First, the solid fuel according to the present embodiment was used in a furnace, and the exhaust gas was processed and discharged by a catalyst device. The catalytic device is a mixture of heated steam device, calcium-based adsorption, activated carbon, zeolite, Bincho charcoal, titanium, iron dioxide (ferric oxide), silica, cobalt, nickel, etc. This is a structure in which the granulated carrier is layered as a porous catalyst, and exhaust gas is passed through to be cleaned and discharged. At that time, the temperature of the discharge port was lowered to about 200 ° C. using a heat pipe.

(Exhaust gas analysis results)
Dioxins <0.01mg-TEQ / m3N
Soot <0.01g / m3N
Sulfur oxide <20ppm
Nitrogen oxide <50ppm (with catalyst)
Carbon monoxide <20ppm

Moreover, the properties of the soot contained in the exhaust gas when the solid fuel is burned alone are as follows.
(Dust analysis results)
Lead <0.001mg / L
Cadmium <0.001mg / L
Mercury <0.00005mg / L
Hexavalent chromium <0.002mg / L
Arsenic <0.001mg / L
Fluorine <0.008mg / L

  As can be seen from the analysis results, dust (incineration ash) is a non-polluting substance. Therefore, for example, using solidification aids and hazardous substance stabilizers used for solidification of waste, solidification method of waste, solidified cement obtained by solidification of waste, permeable block, and formwork Incineration slag, ash, dust, etc. can be processed and used effectively.

  In addition, dust is divided into a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance by magnetic separation. For magnetic substances, pollution is eliminated by publicly known means. In addition, for example, mercury (Hg) is decomposed and removed with dilute sulfuric acid, zinc (Zn) is separated by nonmagnetic specific gravity beneficiation, and carbon (C) is suspended and separated.

(Discussion)
Thus, as can be seen from the analysis result of the solid fuel, the solid fuel of the present embodiment has a sufficient amount of heat as a fuel, and is used as an alternative fuel for coal or petroleum or as an auxiliary fuel. be able to.
Further, as can be seen from the analysis result of the exhaust gas, the emission amount of dioxin, NOx, SOx and CO ₂ during combustion was small, and almost no bad odor was generated. Furthermore, it was found that the components emitted during combustion are lower than the standard values, and the fuel does not place much load on the environment. Although the mechanism for exhibiting such excellent characteristics is not clear, it is thought to be due to the special action of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) formed by reacting quick lime with water.

  Note that the terms and expressions used in this specification are merely explanatory and are not limiting at all, and terms and expressions equivalent to the features described in this specification and parts thereof. There is no intention to exclude. It goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the solid fuel which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  1 Stir processing tank

Claims (3)

An organic waste, a water-absorbing adsorbent having water absorption, a dehydrating condensing agent that reacts with water containing at least one of calcium oxide, manganese dioxide, manganese sulfate, and cobalt sulfate to evaporate the water. Drying accelerator that contains at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, reacts with water to generate heat and evaporates the water, and oils obtained by heating and refining oil separated by grease trap, mineral waste oil and vegetable waste oil A mixture of a combustion accelerator containing at least one of them was compression molded to solidify,
Solid fuel. A process of mixing the required amount of organic waste as a raw material with a water-containing adsorbent in the required ratio,
A step of mixing a dehydrating condensing agent in a required ratio, further mixing a drying accelerator in a required ratio, and evaporating moisture by heat of reaction with moisture contained in the mixture, and drying the mixture;
A step of mixing a combustion accelerator in a required ratio and compressing and solidifying it,
including,
Solid fuel manufacturing method. In the manufacturing method of the solid fuel of Claim 2,
From mixing the combustion accelerator to solidifying,
Mixing the cryoprotectant at the required ratio,
Mixing the carbon sludge decomposing agent in the required ratio,
Mixing the fungicide at the required ratio,
Mixing the deodorized adsorbent in the required ratio;
Mixing the decomposing agent in the required ratio,
Including one or more processes selected from the processes of
Solid fuel manufacturing method.

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