JP2010081782A - Switched reluctance motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a motor where torque is large and loss is small with a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: Various suitable embodiments of a switched reluctance motor, which has a DC coil and an AC coil, are described. DC magnetic poles 43 and 45, which transfer, for example, DC magnetic flux with a rotor 2, and alternating magnetic poles 42 and 44, which transfer alternating magnetic flux, where the direction of magnetic flux reverses at regular intervals, with the rotor 2, are coupled alternately with each other by a yoke 41 so as to constitute a stator 1. Hereby, the reluctance motor can be achieved. For example, the DC magnetic poles 43 and 45 are excited by a concentratedly-wound DC coil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement in a variable speed high-speed rotary motor and a motor drive circuit suitable for it. The present invention is preferably applied to a switched reluctance motor (SRM).

(Description of conventional segment type SRM)
As a special SRM, an SRM in which each rotor magnetic pole is divided into magnetically independent segments is known. Hereinafter, this SRM is referred to as a segment type SRM.
Patent Document 1 (Mecrow) describes a segment type SRM having 12 stator magnetic poles and 10 segments (rotor magnetic poles). Each phase coil is concentratedly wound only on odd-numbered stator magnetic poles, and no coil is wound on even-numbered stator magnetic poles. However, this SRM has a problem that the shape of the rotor magnetic pole is complicated.
Patent Document 2 (Higuchi) describes a segment type SRM having six stator magnetic poles and four segments. Each phase coil is wound in a full turn (all turns).
Patent Document 3 (Gary) proposes a segment type SRM having eight stator magnetic poles and four segments. Another embodiment of Gary has four stator poles, two segments, and a two-phase stator coil that is fully wound.
However, a motor having a full-pitch coil has a long coil end, resulting in an increase in copper loss and an increase in the size and weight of the motor. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a segment type SRM that can be reduced in size and weight and has little copper loss.

As a special SRM, an SRM having a DC winding is known as a stator coil. Hereinafter, this SRM is referred to as a double coil type SRM.
Patent Document 4 (Pollock) proposes a double coil type SRM having four stator magnetic poles and two rotor magnetic poles, and having a DC winding and an AC winding wound around the slots between the stator magnetic poles. is doing. However, since this SRM has a full-pitch coil, its coil end becomes long, and there is a disadvantage that increases copper loss and increases the size and weight of the motor.

  Patent Documents 5 and 6 (Nashiki) and Patent Document 7 (Victor) propose a double-coil SRM having a torque coil (phase coil) through which a trapezoidal wave current is applied and an excitation coil through which a direct current is applied. ing. Patent Document 5 (Nashiki) proposes an SRM in which an exciting coil that is energized with a constant direct current and a torque coil that is energized with a trapezoidal wave direct current are wound around the same stator magnetic pole. This SRM has six stator magnetic poles and four rotor magnetic poles each having a winding coil and a torque coil, each of which is a DC winding, concentratedly wound. Patent Documents 5 and 6 (Nashiki) propose an SRM having six stator magnetic poles and two rotor magnetic poles, each of which is a concentrated winding of an exciting coil and a torque coil, each of which is a DC winding. In Patent Documents 5 and 6, each exciting coil is connected in series and current controlled by a switching element for DC current control. Patent document 7 has a flywheel diode connected in parallel with each exciting coil connected in series. This flywheel diode reduces the switching surge voltage of the switching element. In Patent Documents 5 to 7, each phase torque coil receives a trapezoidal DC current from a unipolar SRM drive circuit as in a normal SRM.

However, in this double coil type SRM, the magnetic flux formed by the exciting coil is beneficial for torque formation (magnetic flux formation) when the rotor magnetic pole approaches the stator magnetic pole, but when the inductance decreases when the rotor magnetic pole moves away from the stator magnetic pole. It is harmful because the rotor is sucked in the opposite direction. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an RM drive circuit capable of generating a large torque with a small amount of alternating current components and having a small loss.
However, the double-coil SRMs of Patent Documents 5 and 6 having two types of DC windings have a problem that reverse torque is generated because the exciting coil excites the stator magnetic pole during the inductance reduction period Td. . That is, in this double-coil type SRM, the magnetic flux formed by the exciting coil is beneficial for torque formation (magnetic flux formation) when the rotor magnetic pole approaches the stator magnetic pole, but the rotor magnetic pole is reduced when the inductance when the rotor magnetic pole is separated from the stator magnetic pole. It is harmful because it sucks in the opposite direction. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a double coil type SRM capable of increasing torque.

In addition, Patent Document 8 (Nishimura) proposes a segment type and double coil type SynRM having 12 stator magnetic poles and 8 segments (rotor magnetic poles). The odd-numbered stator magnetic poles are wound with a DC winding to constitute a DC magnetic pole, and the even-numbered stator magnetic poles are wound with an AC winding to constitute an alternating magnetic pole. However, this motor is essentially a synchronous reluctance motor and has a problem that its torque is small. In addition, since the number of segments is large, a small motor cannot increase the gap between the segments, and there is a problem that the magnetic flux leakage between the segments is large.
In addition, in Patent Document 9, in an SRM having four stator magnetic poles projecting from a common stator yoke toward the rotor, a portion of the stator yoke between the stator magnetic poles, that is, a sum between two stator magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. An SRM is disclosed in which permanent magnets are provided in two of the four yoke parts, and two coils are separately wound around the remaining two yoke parts. However, this SRM has a problem that the coil utilization efficiency is low and the motor diameter increases because the coil is wound around the yoke.

(Description of conventional ring coil motor)
As a special motor, a motor having a ring-shaped coil (hereinafter also referred to as a ring coil) surrounding a rotor is known. This ring coil motor has the advantage that the coil structure is simplified. However, this ring coil motor has a problem that, for example, in a radial gap motor, magnetic flux flows in the axial direction, so that iron loss increases. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a ring coil motor capable of reducing iron loss.

(Description of conventional SRM drive circuit)
A unipolar SRM drive circuit that supplies a trapezoidal DC current to an armature coil has a problem that the switching loss is larger than that of an AC inverter circuit that supplies an AC current. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a ring coil motor capable of reducing iron loss.

USP 7205694 (Mecrow) JP 2006-246571 (Higuchi) USP 5111096 (Gary) USP 6140729 (Pollock) USP 6252325 (Nashiki) USP 6194804 (Nashiki) USP 7250734 (Victor) USP6495941 (Nishimura) JP2007-282323

(Object of invention)
Frankly speaking, the amount of production of switched reluctance motors (SRM) is very small compared to other types of motors. One of the causes is a large torque ripple and noise. Further, due to frequent switching of the phase current of the stator, it is necessary to frequently recover and reinject magnetic energy accumulated in the magnetic circuit, and there is a problem that the loss associated therewith cannot be ignored.
An object of the present invention is to provide a switched reluctance motor that is small and can output high torque. An object of the present invention is to provide a switched reluctance motor with less torque ripple.

  A radial compressor used in an electric turbocharger requires high-speed rotation such as 100,000 to 300,000 rpm. Since the conventional electric radial compressor uses a radial gap motor, there is a problem that its axial length is long and inertia is large. The increase in the axial length causes a problem that the vibration of the rotating shaft increases, and the increase in inertia deteriorates the acceleration performance of the radial compressor and the electric turbocharger. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a motor that is excellent in high-speed rotation performance and centrifugal force resistance, and that has a small loss, particularly preferably a switched reluctance motor.

An object of the present invention is to provide a motor for an electric radial compressor, particularly preferably a switched reluctance motor, which can shorten the shaft length and has a small inertia. The reluctance motor disclosed in the present invention is particularly preferably applicable as a linear motor or an electric radial compressor.
Since the conventional claw pole core and the Landel rotor core are wound with a ring coil, coil winding is easy. However, conventional claw pole cores and Landell type rotor cores have the disadvantage that eddy current loss and the resulting heat generation are larger than the axial laminated core of a normal radial gap motor. Further, since the claw pole is deformed in the radial direction by a magnetic force or a centrifugal force, the width of the electromagnetic gap between the rotor and the stator must be ensured to be relatively large. Increasing the electromagnetic gap width has the disadvantage of reducing torque and efficiency. Further, when a plate-like nail pole that is easy to manufacture is used, it is difficult to bend, so it is difficult to increase the thickness of the nail pole and it is difficult to increase the amount of magnetic flux. An object of the present invention is to reduce iron loss and copper loss of a stator of a motor using a ring coil, particularly preferably a switched reluctance motor.

Conventional in-wheel motors are required to significantly reduce unsprung weight. An object of the present invention is to provide a small, light and large torque motor, particularly preferably a switched reluctance motor.
When the switched reluctance motor is rotated at a high speed, the unipolar motor drive circuit requires rapid rise and fall of the stator coil current. An object of the present invention is to provide a unipolar motor driving circuit for a switched reluctance motor capable of high-speed driving.

(Summary of the Invention)
In the following description, an inner rotor type motor structure having a cylindrical stator core will be described as an example. Since it is easily understood by those skilled in the art to apply the present invention to various modified motor structures such as an outer rotor type, an axial gap type, a linear motor type, and an oblique gap type, those examples are omitted.

  Each of the following inventions includes a stator having a soft magnetic stator core around which a stator coil is wound, a rotor disposed on a circumferential surface of the stator so as to be relatively rotatable with a small gap, and a motor drive that drives the stator coil. A stator facing surface of the rotor having low magnetic resistance portions and high magnetic resistance portions alternately at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and the stator core has a plurality of stator magnetic poles projecting toward the rotor Is applied to a switched reluctance motor having a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. However, some inventions can be applied to various motors other than the switched reluctance motor (SRM).

(Description of the first invention)
In the SRM of the first invention, the motor driving circuit applies a substantially trapezoidal wave or substantially rectangular wave AC voltage to the AC coil as the stator coil, and the stator is applied to the stator magnetic pole by a concentrated winding method or a ring coil winding method. It is constituted by a wound DC coil or a permanent magnet fixed to the stator magnetic pole, and has a DC magnetic flux source for flowing a DC magnetic flux to the stator magnetic pole.
That is, the SRM of the present invention applies torque to the soft magnetic rotor by a combined magnetic flux of a DC magnetic flux formed by a DC coil or a permanent magnet wound around the stator magnetic pole and an AC magnetic flux of the AC coil. In this way, since it is not necessary to provide a permanent magnet or coil in the rotor, its high-speed rotation performance can be improved. In addition, since it has a DC magnetic flux distribution modulated by the rotor, power generation is possible.

  The SRM of the present invention generates torque by a combined magnetic flux of an alternating magnetic flux formed by a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave alternating voltage (or alternating current) and a direct magnetic flux formed by a direct current magnetic flux source. Compared to the case where torque is generated by a combined magnetic flux of an alternating magnetic flux formed by an alternating voltage (or alternating current) having a sinusoidal waveform and a direct magnetic flux formed by a direct current magnetic flux source, the torque can be greatly improved. Torque ripple can be reduced. This effect will be specifically described at the end of the description of the embodiment.

(Main aspect 1)
(Circumferentially extending segment SRM with DC magnetic pole and alternating magnetic pole) “Circularly extending segment motor”
In the SRM of the main aspect 1, the stator magnetic pole has alternating magnetic poles alternately excited by the AC coil and DC magnetic poles DC-excited by the DC magnetic flux source in a substantially circumferential direction, and the rotor is The rotor segment has a plurality of soft magnetic rotor segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and the circumferential length of the rotor segment is the circumferential width Wa of the alternating magnetic pole, the circumferential width Ws of the DC magnetic pole, the alternating magnetic pole and the DC magnetic pole. The AC coil is formed so as to be smaller than Wa + Ws + 3Wg, and concentratedly wound around the alternating magnetic poles to alternately excite the alternating magnetic poles.
That is, the present invention is a radial gap SRM in which alternating magnetic poles and DC magnetic poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and a rotor segment that magnetically shorts two stator magnetic poles (alternating magnetic poles or DC magnetic poles) by changing the magnetic flux of the alternating magnetic poles. Drive in the circumferential direction. Since the alternating magnetic poles are concentratedly wound, the axial length of the motor can be shortened. Further, since the circumferential length of the rotor segment is larger than Wa + Ws + Wg and smaller than Wa + Ws + 3Wg, when this motor is driven as a switched reluctance motor, the magnetic flux between the rotor segment and the necessary stator magnetic poles The amount can be increased and the amount of magnetic flux between the rotor segment and the invalid stator pole can be reduced.

According to this aspect, since the portion other than the rotor segment can be formed of a nonmagnetic material having a small specific gravity, a switched reluctance motor capable of rotating at high speed with low inertia can be realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the main aspect 1, the present invention includes 2N (N is an integer) number of the alternating magnetic poles, 2N (N is an integer number) the DC magnetic poles, and 2N rotor segments. In this way, a single-phase SRM can be configured.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 1, a plurality of single-phase motors each having the alternating magnetic pole, the direct-current magnetic pole, and the rotor segment are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the rotors of the plurality of single-phase motors are arranged on the same rotational axis. Fixed and energized with different phase currents. Thereby, since a multiphase SRM can be comprised, a torque ripple can be reduced.

In a preferred embodiment of the main aspect 1, the magnetic pole has 6N (N is an integer) alternating magnetic poles, 6N (N is an integer) DC magnetic poles, and 4N rotor segments. In this way, a three-phase SRM can be configured. In addition, this motor can halve the number of rotor segments as compared with the previously described Nishimura SynRM, so that even if the rotor is downsized, magnetic flux leakage between the rotor segments can be reduced.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 1, the DC magnetic flux source has a permanent magnet fixed to the DC magnetic pole. Thereby, a DC magnetic pole can be realized without loss. The copper loss of the DC coil can be reduced by reducing the circumferential width of the permanent magnet and winding the DC coil around the DC magnetic pole.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 1, the DC magnetic flux source has a DC coil concentratedly wound around the DC magnetic pole. Thereby, adjustment of a torque and electric power generation amount can be performed by adjustment of DC magnetic flux amount.

(Main aspect 2)
(Axial extending segment SRM with DC and alternating magnetic poles)
In the SRM of the main aspect 2, the stator core has a plurality of soft magnetic stator segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction, and each of the stator segments includes the stator Each stator segment has alternating magnetic poles as the stator magnetic poles that are alternately excited by coils and DC magnetic poles as the stator magnetic poles that are DC-excited by the DC magnetic flux source in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. Has a total of three or more of the alternating magnetic poles and the DC magnetic poles, and the rotor includes a plurality of soft magnetic rotor segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction. And the plurality of rotor segments are first in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction of the stator segments adjacent to each other in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction And the first rotor segment having a length capable of magnetically short-circuiting the stator magnetic poles in the second row, and the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of each stator segment adjacent in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. A second rotor segment having a length capable of magnetically short-circuiting the stator poles in the second row and the third row, the first and second stator poles, and the rotor segment in the first row; Relative to the circumferential relative position between the second and third stator poles and the second row of rotor segments, and the stator coils are substantially axially or substantially relative to each other. Separately accommodated in two slots between the first to third stator poles adjacent to each other in the radial direction, and separately accommodated in two slots penetrating the stator segments in the circumferential direction. Surrounding Ring-shaped first and second ring coils, and the motor drive circuit supplies first and second phase currents having a phase difference corresponding to a difference between the two circumferential relative positions to the first and second phase currents. The second ring coil is energized separately.

  That is, the SRM of the present invention is a radial gap (or axial gap) SRM in which alternating magnetic poles and DC magnetic poles are alternately arranged in the axial direction (or radial direction). This SRM drives a rotor segment that magnetically shorts two stator magnetic poles (alternating magnetic poles or DC magnetic poles) in the circumferential direction by changing the magnetic flux of the alternating magnetic poles. Further, in the present invention, the stator core can be constituted by a stator segment extending in the axial direction (or radial direction), so that the stator core can be reduced in weight as compared with the circumferentially extending segment SRM described above. Iron loss can also be reduced. Furthermore, since the first rotor segment and the second rotor segment are driven in different phases, the torque ripple can be reduced and the DC magnetic flux of the DC magnetic pole can be used effectively. For example, the current of the first AC coil and the current of the second AC coil are in opposite phases. Furthermore, since the AC coil as a stator coil to which an alternating current is applied can be configured by a ring coil, the motor can be configured compactly by omitting the coil end and reducing the axial length of the motor and the motor diameter. In addition, since the area of the outer surface of the stator segment covered with the AC coil as the stator coil can be reduced, mechanical support of the stator segment is facilitated.

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 2, the DC magnetic flux source has a permanent magnet fixed to the DC magnetic pole. Thereby, a DC magnetic pole can be realized without loss. The copper loss of the DC coil can be reduced by reducing the circumferential width of the permanent magnet and winding the DC coil around the DC magnetic pole.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 2, the DC magnetic flux source has a DC coil concentratedly wound around the DC magnetic pole. Thereby, adjustment of a torque and electric power generation amount can be performed by adjustment of DC magnetic flux amount.

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 2, the DC magnetic flux source is a DC configured by a ring coil that is disposed between the alternating magnetic pole and the DC magnetic pole that are adjacent to each other in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction and surrounds the axis. It has a coil. Accordingly, the DC coil can be accommodated in the motor in a compact manner, and the area of the outer surface of the stator segment covered with the DC coil can be reduced, so that the mechanical support of the stator segment is facilitated.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 2, the stator segment and the rotor segment are formed by laminating a plurality of soft magnetic steel plates extending in the axial direction in a tangential direction of the rotor, and the diameters of the stator segment and the rotor segment The direction end portions are arranged with a step between them so as to be approximately circular as a whole. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments. In this way, the iron loss of the axially extending segment SRM can be reduced using a relatively simple manufacturing process and an inexpensive material. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments.

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 2, the rotor segment is fixed to an outer peripheral surface of a non-magnetic boss portion fitted on a rotating shaft and protrudes on both axial sides of the boss portion. The ring coil and the stator magnetic pole are , And are arranged on both radial sides of the protruding portion of the rotor segment. In this aspect, the axial length of the motor can be shortened. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 2, the stator coil includes M (M is an integer of 4 or more) stator poles arranged at different positions in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction, and the AC coil includes the stator poles. M−1 ring coils separately disposed between the motor drive circuit and the motor drive circuit for supplying M−1 phase currents whose phase angles are shifted from each other by a predetermined electrical angle. Energize the ring coil separately. In this way, the multi-phase axially extending segment SRM can be simply configured, and torque ripple can be reduced.

(Main aspect 3)
(Double coil type SRM)
In the SRM of the main aspect 4, the stator includes a DC coil that forms a DC magnetic flux in the stator magnetic pole when a DC current is passed in addition to the AC coil as the stator coil, and the motor drive circuit includes the AC coil An AC magnetic flux is formed on the stator magnetic pole in the same direction as a DC magnetic flux formed by the DC coil on the stator magnetic pole during a coil inductance increase period, and the stator is opposite in the direction opposite to the DC magnetic flux during an inductance decrease period of the AC coil. An alternating magnetic flux is formed on the magnetic pole. In this way, a large torque can be generated during the inductance increase period by the sum of the DC magnetic field (ampere turn) formed by the DC coil and the alternating magnetic field (ampere turn) formed by the AC coil. Furthermore, since the alternating magnetic field (ampere turn) formed by the AC coil during the inductance reduction period of the AC coil can be canceled by the DC magnetic field (ampere turn) formed by the DC coil, the reverse torque during the inductance reduction period is reduced. be able to. Further, torque control and power generation control can be realized by controlling the DC current.

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the motor drive circuit forms the AC magnetic flux that is substantially equal to the amount of the DC magnetic flux and in the opposite direction during the inductance reduction period of the AC coil. As a result, the amount of magnetic flux of the stator magnetic poles can be made substantially zero during the inductance reduction period, so that the reverse torque during the inductance reduction period can be made substantially zero even though the AC coil is used.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the motor drive circuit forms the AC magnetic flux that is substantially equal to the amount of the DC magnetic flux and in the opposite direction during the inductance reduction period of the AC coil in the high-efficiency operation mode. In the torque operation mode, the AC magnetic flux that is 20 to 50% larger than the amount of the DC magnetic flux and in the opposite direction is formed during the inductance reduction period of the AC coil. Thereby, when a large torque is required, the torque can be increased.

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the DC coil and the AC coil are concentratedly wound around the same stator magnetic pole. Thereby, this double coil type | mold SRM can be comprised compactly.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the capacitor includes a capacitor connected in parallel to the plurality of DC coils that are separately concentrated and wound in series on the plurality of different stator magnetic poles and connected in series to each other. As a result, it is possible to reduce switching noise generated when switching control of the direct current flowing through the DC coil and to reduce the AC induced voltage induced in the DC coil.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the DC coil is configured by a ring coil that is disposed between the two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction and surrounds the axis. As a result, the double coil SRM can be configured in a compact manner, and the area of the outer surface of the stator segment covered with the DC coil can be reduced, which facilitates mechanical support of the stator segment.

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the capacitor includes a capacitor connected in parallel to the plurality of ring coils as the DC coils that are separately arranged at different positions in a substantially radial direction or a substantially axial direction and connected in series to each other. . As a result, it is possible to reduce switching noise generated when switching control of the direct current flowing through the DC coil and to reduce the AC induced voltage induced in the DC coil.
In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the AC coil (stator coil) is constituted by a ring coil that is disposed between the two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction and surrounds the axis. . As a result, the double coil SRM can be configured in a compact manner, and the area of the outer surface of the stator segment covered with the AC coil (stator coil) can be reduced, which facilitates mechanical support of the stator segment. .

In a preferred aspect of the main aspect 3, the stator core has 6N (N is an integer) stator magnetic poles, and the rotor has a circumferential length that can magnetically short the two stator magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. 2N soft magnetic rotor segments extending in the circumferential direction, and the stator coil is separately concentrated on the first, second, and third stator magnetic poles arranged in the circumferential direction in order. A U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coil as an AC coil that is wound and is supplied with a substantially trapezoidal wave or substantially rectangular wave DC current having a phase separated from each other by an electrical angle of 2π / 3; The magnetic pole has a DC coil concentratedly wound around each stator magnetic pole, and the DC coil reduces the amount of magnetic flux of the stator magnetic pole during the inductance reduction period of the AC coil wound around the same stator magnetic pole. DC to direction current is supplied. Thereby, the double coil type | mold 3 phase SRM which can also produce electric power is realizable.
It is possible to realize a normal three-phase SRM in which the DC coil of the SRM is omitted and a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave direct current is passed through the stator coil.

(Explanation of the second invention)
The SRM of the second invention is an “axially extending segment SRM having no DC magnetic pole” in addition to the “axially extending segment SRM having a DC magnetic pole and an alternating magnetic pole” of the main aspect 2 of the first invention described above. SRM having a configuration including
In this SRM, the stator core has a plurality of soft magnetic stator segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction. A plurality of soft magnetic rotors having three or more stator magnetic poles formed at a predetermined pitch in the radial direction, the rotor being arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction The plurality of rotor segments magnetically connects the stator magnetic poles in the first row and the second row in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of the respective stator segments adjacent in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. A first row of rotor segments having a length capable of being short-circuited; and a second row in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of each of the stator segments adjacent in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. A second rotor segment having a length capable of magnetically short-circuiting the third row of stator poles, and a circumference between the first and second stator poles and the first row of rotor segments. The relative position in the direction is different from the relative position in the circumferential direction between the second and third stator magnetic poles and the second row of rotor segments, and the stator coils are adjacent to each other in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction. First and second rings separately accommodated in two slots between the first to third stator magnetic poles and separately accommodated in two slots penetrating each stator segment in a substantially circumferential direction. The motor drive circuit separately supplies current to the first and second ring coils with first and second phase currents having a phase difference corresponding to a difference between the two circumferential relative positions. It is characterized by that.

That is, the SRM of the present invention is a radial gap (or axial gap) SRM in which three or more stator magnetic poles are arranged in the axial direction (or radial direction), and is adjacent to the axial direction (or radial direction). The rotor segment that magnetically shorts the stator magnetic pole (alternating magnetic pole or DC magnetic pole) is driven in the circumferential direction by changing the magnetic flux position of the stator magnetic pole.
In the present invention, since the stator core can be constituted by a stator segment extending in the axial direction (or radial direction), the stator core can be reduced in weight compared to the above-described circumferentially extending segment SRM. Loss can also be reduced. Furthermore, since the first rotor segment and the second rotor segment are driven in different phases, torque ripple can be reduced and the DC magnetic flux of the DC magnetic pole can be used effectively. For example, the current of the first ring coil and the current of the second ring coil are in opposite phases. Furthermore, since the stator coil can be configured by a ring coil, the coil end can be omitted to reduce the axial length of the motor and the diameter of the motor so that the motor can be configured compactly, and the stator segment covered by the stator coil Since the area of the outer surface of the stator can be reduced, mechanical support of the stator segment is facilitated.

In a preferred aspect 1, the stator segment and the rotor segment are formed by laminating a plurality of soft magnetic steel plates extending in the axial direction in a tangential direction of the rotor, and the radial end portions of the stator segment and the rotor segment Are arranged with a step between them so as to be approximately circular as a whole. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments. In this way, the iron loss of the axially extending segment SRM can be reduced using a relatively simple manufacturing process and an inexpensive material. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments.
In a preferred aspect 2, the rotor segment is fixed to an outer peripheral surface of a non-magnetic boss portion fitted to a rotating shaft and protrudes on both sides in the axial direction of the boss portion. The ring coil and the stator magnetic pole include the rotor It arrange | positions at the radial direction both sides of the said protrusion part of a segment. In this aspect, the axial length of the motor can be shortened. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments.

In a preferred aspect 3, there is provided a DC coil that is disposed between the two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction and that is configured by a ring coil that surrounds the shaft center and is supplied with a direct current. Thereby, DC magnetic flux can be utilized. Preferably, a DC coil through which a direct current flows and an AC coil through which an alternating current flows are each provided by a ring coil. As a result, power generation is possible, and torque control using a direct current is possible.
In a preferred aspect 4, the capacitor includes a plurality of the ring coils as the DC coils that are separately arranged at different positions in the substantially radial direction or the axial direction and connected in series to each other in parallel. As a result, it is possible to reduce switching noise generated when switching control of the direct current flowing through the DC coil and to reduce the AC induced voltage induced in the DC coil.

In a preferred aspect 5, the ring coil is formed by spirally winding a long insulating coated conductive metal plate having a substantially constant thickness in a substantially axial direction or a radial direction that is an arrangement direction of the plurality of stator magnetic poles of the stator segment. The respective turns of the ring coil are formed so as to be overlapped in a substantially axial direction or a radial direction, which is an arrangement direction of the plurality of stator magnetic poles of the stator segment. Thereby, the ring coil can be easily accommodated in the slot of the stator segment, and the heat dissipation of the stator coil is improved. In addition to the SRM, this aspect can be applied to other types of motors that use axially extending segments.
In a preferred embodiment 6, the stator core has a C-shaped cross section having a C-shaped cross section that wraps a portion other than the rotor side of the ring coil, and is formed by stacking soft magnetic steel plates in a direction away from the ring coil ( Also called claw pole core). In this way, the iron loss of the SRM stator core having the ring coil can be reduced by a simple manufacturing method. In addition to the SRM, the present invention can be applied to other types of motors using ring coils.

In a preferred aspect 7, the C-shaped core is formed by spirally winding a long soft magnetic steel plate with projecting portions for constituting the stator magnetic poles projecting on both sides in the width direction, and bending the projecting portions toward the rotor side. Configured. In this way, a large number of C-shaped cores (claw pole cores) arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction can be manufactured at once by a simple manufacturing method. In this aspect, the C-shaped cores arranged in the circumferential direction are connected by the soft magnetic steel plate, and the mechanical strength of the stator core is increased. It does not affect the magnetic field of the ring coil. By arranging the C-shaped core adjacent to each other in the axial direction (radial direction in the case of an axial gap motor), a multi-phase SRM is possible. This aspect can also be adopted for the cores of motors other than the SRM.
In a preferred aspect 8, the stator coil includes M (M is an integer of 3 or more) stator poles arranged at different positions in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction, and the AC coil is interposed between the stator poles. M-1 ring coils arranged separately are provided, and the motor driving circuit supplies M-1 phase currents whose phase angles are shifted from each other by a predetermined electrical angle to the M-1 ring coils. Energize separately. If it does in this way, the axial direction extension segment SRM of M-1 phase can be constituted simply, and torque ripple can be reduced.

  For example, the stator core has 6N (N is an integer) stator magnetic poles, and the rotor has a circumferential length capable of magnetically shorting two stator magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. 2N soft magnetic rotor segments extending in the circumferential direction, and the stator coil is separately concentrated and wound around the first, second, and third stator magnetic poles arranged in order in the circumferential direction so as to have an electrical angle with each other. It has U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coils to which a substantially trapezoidal wave or substantially rectangular wave direct current having a phase separated by 2π / 3 is applied. For example, a three-phase SRM having 12 stator poles and 4 soft magnetic rotor segments can be realized. A three-phase reluctance motor having 12 stator poles and 4 soft magnetic rotor segments has not been known. The three-phase reluctance motor having the twelve stator magnetic poles and the four soft magnetic rotor segments can increase the circumferential width of one rotor segment and increase the gap between the rotor segments.

(Explanation of the third invention)
In the SRM of the third invention, the motor drive circuit of a unipolar type that applies a DC voltage of a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave to the plurality of phase coils forming the stator coil at different timings, the motor drive circuit, An accelerating circuit that accelerates a rising period or a falling period of a phase current energized to the phase coil is provided. Thereby, since the average current value in the inductance increase period can be improved, the torque can be increased even if the inductance increase period is shortened during high-speed operation.
In a preferred aspect 1, the motor driving circuit includes a high-side switch that connects a high potential end of a DC power source and a high potential end of a phase coil, a low potential end of the DC power source, and a low potential end of the phase coil. A low-side switch to be connected; a low-side diode that connects a low-potential end of the DC power supply and a high-potential end of the phase coil; a reactor and a high-side diode connected in series; and a high-potential end of the DC power supply And a high-side bypass circuit that connects the low-potential end of the phase coil.

  In this way, when the energization from the DC power supply to the phase coil is interrupted by turning off the high-side switch or the low-side switch, the energy stored in the phase coil causes the DC power supply to pass through the low-side diode, phase coil, and high-side bypass circuit. Power regeneration from the low potential end to the high potential end occurs. At this time, since the reactor of the high-side bypass circuit generates a counter electromotive force, the phase coil needs to generate a voltage higher than the voltage of the DC power supply, and the regenerative current is reduced accordingly, and the magnetic energy of the phase coil is Decreases rapidly. Magnetic energy is stored in the reactor, and this reactor energy can be regenerated from the low potential end of the DC power source to the high potential end through a diode or the like connected in antiparallel with the low side switch. According to this aspect, since the regeneration period can be shortened, the excitation current energizing period before the regeneration period can be extended. Thereby, torque can be increased.

The present invention can also be applied to other known switched reluctance motors. The high side switch may be a diode having an anode connected to a high potential end of a DC power supply.
In a preferred aspect 2, one end of the reactor is connected to a high potential end of the DC power supply, and the other end of the reactor is connected to a low potential end of different phase coils through different high side diodes. Thereby, the number of reactors can be reduced.
In a preferred aspect 3, the motor drive circuit includes a high-side switch that connects a high potential end of a DC power source and a high potential end of a phase coil, a low potential end of the DC power source, and a low potential end of the phase coil. A low-side switch to be connected; a reactor having one end connected to the high potential end of the DC power supply; an acceleration switch connecting the other end of the reactor and the low potential end of the DC power supply; the reactor and the acceleration switch; And a high-side diode connecting the connection point to the high potential end of the phase coil.

If it does in this way, just before starting energization to a phase coil, first, an acceleration switch will be energized and magnetic energy will be accumulated in a reactor. Thereafter, the acceleration switch is turned off, and energization from the DC power source to the phase coil is started by turning on the low side switch. A voltage that is higher than the potential at the high potential end of the DC power supply by the voltage of the reactor is applied to the high potential end of the phase coil. As a result, a current flows rapidly through the phase coil, and the rising period of the excitation current can be shortened. As a result, the energizing period thereafter can be extended, and the torque can be increased.
The present invention can also be applied to other known switched reluctance motors. The high side switch may be a diode having an anode connected to the high potential end of the DC power supply.

In the preferred embodiment 4, the connection point between the reactor and the acceleration switch is connected to the other ends of the different phase coils through different backflow prevention diodes. Thereby, the number of reactors can be reduced. In the preferred embodiment 5, the reactor for accelerating the current rising and the reactor for accelerating the current falling are common.
In a preferred aspect 5, the motor drive circuit includes an assist coil wound around the stator core in parallel with the phase coil, a switching element that connects a low potential end of the phase coil and a low power supply bus, and a backflow prevention A diode, and a connection point between the low potential end of the phase coil and the high potential end of the switching element and the high potential end of the assist coil are connected through the backflow prevention diode, The magnetic energy of the phase coil is caused to flow through the assist coil when the coil is off. In this way, the magnetic energy accumulated in the phase coil at the time of turning off the current is supplied to the assist coil wound together with the phase coil to be excited next, so that the current ripple is reduced and the magnetic energy to be regenerated is reduced. Can be rapidly extinguished and the excitation magnetic flux can be increased rapidly, so that the torque can be increased. The present invention can also be applied to other known switched reluctance motors.

(Explanation of the fourth invention)
The SRM of the fourth invention has a unipolar type motor drive circuit that applies a substantially trapezoidal wave or substantially rectangular wave DC voltage to the plurality of phase coils constituting the stator coil at different timings, and the motor drive circuit comprises: Before the start of the phase coil inductance increase period, a current equal to or greater than a predetermined value (preferably 80%) of the maximum value of the current supplied to the phase coil is applied, and the phase coil inductance increase period ends. It is characterized in that after a point in time, a current not less than a predetermined% (preferably 80%) of the maximum value of the energization current to the phase coil is attenuated.

  That is, in the present invention, the rising and falling periods of the phase current in which the phase coil current changes greatly are excluded from the period (in the case of the motor) in which the phase coil inductance greatly increases. In this way, the torque during the phase current rise and fall periods can be greatly reduced. For this reason, the torque caused by the phase current flowing in one phase coil can be sharply raised and lowered. Therefore, the torque ripple can be greatly reduced by making this rectangular torque continuous in each phase. This embodiment can also be applied to other known switched reluctance motors.

  In a preferred aspect 1, when the rotor rotates, the inductance of the phase coil includes a bottom period in which a substantially flat small value continues for a predetermined period, a peak period in which a substantially flat large value continues for a predetermined period, and the bottom period The motor drive circuit has a substantially trapezoidal time waveform having an increase period that increases to a peak period and a decrease period that decreases from the peak value to the bottom period, and the motor drive circuit supplies the phase coil to the phase coil in the bottom period. The energization is started, and the energization is ended in the subsequent peak period. As a result, torque ripple can be easily reduced.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking a radial gap motor type of an inner rotor as an example. However, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art will realize the technical idea of the present invention based on other well-known techniques conceived based on the matters described in this specification. Of course you can. For example, the following embodiments should not be construed to be limited to disclosing only a radial gap motor, but the above-described axial gap motor, linear motor and oblique gap motor, outer rotor that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art. It can be applied to structures and the like. Furthermore, the number of stator magnetic poles can be changed, or a generator operation can be performed instead of a motor operation. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the axial direction in the radial gap motor of the embodiment is the radial direction in the axial gap motor.

A number of examples are described below. However, in all the embodiments, the rotor is made of a soft magnetic material having a magnetic saliency at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. For this reason, the motor of each embodiment is regarded as a reluctance motor. The SRM using the substantially trapezoidal wave or the substantially rectangular wave-shaped magnetic flux has an advantage that the torque is larger than the SynRM using the sine wave alternating current. For this reason, each embodiment of the SRM is described below. Some embodiments may be employed in other types of motors than SynRM and even RM.
In many embodiments, the rotor has a large number of soft magnetic segments arranged in the circumferential direction at a predetermined pitch, each extending in the axial direction. This segment is called the rotor segment. The rotor segment has a form extending in the circumferential direction and a form extending in the axial direction. The former SRM is referred to as a circumferentially extending segment SRM, and the latter SRM is referred to as an axially extending segment SRM. The substantially axial direction mentioned here includes an example of skewing the rotor segment and the stator segment. In the case of a radial gap motor, when the rotor segment is skewed, it is preferably twisted when extending obliquely with respect to the axial direction and circumferential direction. By twisting, the radial end surface of the segment can be made into a substantially cylindrical surface.

In the circumferentially extending segment SRM, a stator core in which annular plate-like soft magnetic steel plates are laminated in the axial direction can be employed. In the axially extending segment SRM, a stator core is constituted by a number of soft magnetic segments that are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extend in the axial direction. These segments are called stator segments. In the axially extending segment SRM, the stator coil may be a stator coil wound around a rotating shaft in a ring shape instead of concentrated winding around the stator magnetic pole. This coil is called a ring coil.
The magnetic flux in the axially extending segment SRM flows in the axial direction through the rotor and the stator. When the AC magnetic flux flows in the normal annular plate-shaped soft magnetic steel plate in the axial direction, the iron loss increases. For this reason, two stator core structures suitable for the axially extending segment SRM are disclosed below. The first axially extending segment SRM employs an axially extending rotor segment and a stator segment composed of a circumferential (tangential) laminated soft magnetic steel sheet. The second axially extending segment SRM employs a spirally wound claw pole core (C-shaped core). The novel claw pole core structure adopted by the SRM of this embodiment can also be used in a conventional motor (for example, a rotor of a Landell type motor).

The stator core of some embodiments has a stator magnetic pole for forming a DC magnetic field called a DC magnetic pole and a stator magnetic pole for generating an AC magnetic field called an alternating magnetic pole. An alternating magnetic pole refers to a magnetic pole whose magnetic flux is periodically reversed. The DC magnetic pole is a magnetic pole in which the magnetic flux constantly flows mainly in one direction. The DC magnetic pole can form a magnetic flux by a permanent magnet or by a DC coil (DC coil). The DC magnetic pole is formed by fixing a permanent magnet to the stator magnetic pole, or is implemented by applying a DC magnetic field to the stator magnetic pole by a DC coil.
In some embodiments, the DC coil and the AC coil are concentrated on the same stator pole. Alternatively, the DC coil and the AC coil are each configured by a ring coil that forms a DC magnetic flux and an AC magnetic flux on the same stator magnetic pole. This motor is called a double coil RM.
In addition, an embodiment of a novel unipolar SRM drive circuit for driving the SRM and a preferred method for manufacturing the stator core and the stator coil of the axially extending segment SRM are also disclosed.

(Summary of main features of each embodiment)
(1) Embodiment 1 (FIG. 1) is a pair of a stator having a total of four DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and different DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles extending in the circumferential direction and different from each other. ”Discloses a switched reluctance motor (SRM) having first and second rotor segments that are magnetically short-circuited with each other, and two alternating magnetic poles, each of which is AC-excited by a single-phase AC coil that is concentratedly wound. . The current phase of the first single-phase AC coil magnetically coupled to the first rotor segment is shifted by an electrical angle π from the current phase of the second single-phase AC coil magnetically coupled to the second rotor segment.
This SRM is referred to as “single-phase driving circumferentially extending segment SRM having a DC magnetic pole and an alternating magnetic pole”.
(2) Embodiment 2 (FIG. 5) discloses a point in the SRM of Embodiment 1 (FIG. 1) that “the DC magnetic pole is DC-excited by a DC coil that is concentratedly wound and energized with a DC current”. .

(3) Embodiment 3 (FIG. 7) discloses a point in which a plurality of SRMs of Embodiment 1 (FIG. 1) are arranged in the axial direction.
(4) Embodiment 6 (FIG. 10) is described as follows: “A stator segment having a total of three DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles alternately arranged in the axial direction and extending in the axial direction; A first rotor segment and a second rotor segment that magnetically short-circuit a pair of different DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles. The first and second rotor segments are arranged at different positions in the axial direction. , SRM that is AC-excited by an AC coil. The circumferential relative position of the first pair of DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles magnetically short-circuited by the first rotor segment and the first rotor segment is the DC magnetic pole magnetically short-circuited by the second rotor segment. And the second pair of alternating magnetic poles and the second rotor segment are displaced relative to each other in the circumferential direction, and the current phases of the two single-phase AC coils are opposite to each other.
This SRM is referred to as “single-phase drive axially extending segment SRM having a DC magnetic pole and an alternating magnetic pole”.

FIG. 10 discloses that the “AC coil is constituted by a ring coil arranged in a ring shape around the rotation axis”. FIG. 11 and FIG. 19 show that “the stator segment and the rotor segment are composed of a number of soft magnetic steel plates laminated in the circumferential direction (or tangential direction), and the radial ends of each soft magnetic steel plate are formed in a substantially arc shape. It is disclosed.
(5) FIG. 14 shows the point that “a plurality of stator segments are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction” in the SRM of the third embodiment (FIG. 10), and “2 that is arranged at the same position in the axial direction and adjacent in the circumferential direction. One stator segment DC pole has the opposite polarity. " FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 disclose that “the DC magnetic pole of each stator segment can have various two-dimensional arrangements”.

(6) Example 7 (FIG. 15) discloses that “the DC magnetic pole is DC-excited by a DC coil that is concentratedly wound and DC current is applied” in the SRM of Embodiment 3 (FIG. 10). .
(7) In Example 11 (FIG. 21), “a total of seven DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles arranged alternately in the axial direction and a stator segment extending in the axial direction, and a direct current extending in the axial direction There are three pairs of rotor segments that magnetically short-circuit each of the magnetic poles and the alternating magnetic poles, and the three pairs of rotor segments are arranged at different positions in the axial direction, and the alternating magnetic poles are arranged in a ring shape surrounding the rotating shaft A three-phase SRM excited by an AC coil composed of a ring coil formed in the same manner is disclosed.
This SRM is referred to as “three-phase drive axis extending segment SRM having a DC magnetic pole and an alternating magnetic pole”.

FIG. 21 has “seven stator magnetic poles (alternating magnetic pole + DC magnetic pole) arranged in the axial direction and six ring coils (AC coil). This SRM is described in“ DC ”described in the sixth embodiment (FIG. 10). Three single-phase drive axially extending segments SRM having magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles are arranged in tandem in the axial direction, and the stator segments of these three single-phase SRMs are integrated. The electrical angle of the three-phase AC coil (ring coil) is shifted by 2π / 3, and the circumferential relative position between the stator magnetic pole and the rotor segment of each single-phase SRM is also shifted by an electrical angle of 2π / 3 (FIG. 22). reference).
(8) FIG. 23 discloses that in the SRM of Example 11 (FIG. 21), the rotor segments of the single-phase SRM of each phase adjacent in the axial direction are integrated.

(9) FIG. 24 shows the SRM of Example 11 (FIG. 21), in which an AC coil is concentratedly wound around an alternating magnetic pole instead of a ring coil, and a DC magnetic pole is fixed and a permanent magnet is fixed to the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole. The configuration is disclosed.
(10) FIG. 24 shows the SRM of Example 11 (FIG. 21) in which an AC coil is concentratedly wound around an alternating magnetic pole instead of a ring coil, and a DC magnetic pole is fixed and a permanent magnet is fixed to the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole. The configuration is disclosed.
(11) FIG. 25 discloses an example in which the axial arrangement of six-phase ring coils is changed in the SRM of Example 11 (FIG. 21). In the six-phase ring coil of FIG. 21, two ring coils of opposite phases are adjacent in the axial direction, but are not adjacent in FIG.

(12) FIG. 27 discloses that in the three-phase SRM of the eleventh embodiment (FIG. 21), four stator magnetic poles are arranged in the axial direction, and three-phase AC coils each composed of a ring coil are arranged.
(13) FIG. 28 discloses that the arrangement of the DC magnetic poles of the three-phase SRM of FIG. 27 is changed.
(14) FIG. 29 discloses that the arrangement of the DC magnetic poles of the three-phase SRM of FIG. 22 is changed.
(15) In Example 14 (FIG. 30), “a pair of stator poles having four stator poles arranged in the axial direction and extending in the axial direction and different stator poles extending in the axial direction and different from each other” The U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase rotor segments are magnetically short-circuited, and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase rotor segments are arranged at different positions in the axial direction. Disclosed is a “three-phase SRM excited by three ring coils arranged in the axial direction”.
This SRM is referred to as “three-phase drive axially extending segment SRM having no DC magnetic pole”.
The ring coils of each phase are energized in accordance with the circumferential relative positions between the rotor segments and the stator magnetic poles facing each other. The rotor segments of each phase are integrated. A magnetic gap substantially equal to the circumferential width of the stator segment is provided between two circumferentially adjacent stator segments. The rotor segments of each phase are integrated.

(16) In Example 16 (FIG. 34), “in a segment-type SRM having a ring coil, a stator segment extending in the axial direction, and a rotor segment extending in the axial direction, In other words, it is composed of a large number of soft magnetic steel plates laminated in the circumferential direction (or tangential direction), and the radial ends of each soft magnetic steel plate are formed in a substantially arc shape.
(17) In Example 17 (FIG. 34), “in an axial gap motor having a rotor fixed to the rear surface of the radial gap compressor and a stator facing the rotor, at least two rotors projecting from the rear surface of the radial gap compressor It is disclosed that it has a rotor segment, and that the stator has three stator magnetic poles protruding in the axial direction and has a stator segment extending in the radial direction and a ring coil wound around the stator segment.

(18) FIG. 35 shows that in an axial gap motor having a rotor fixed to the rear surface of the radial gap compressor and a stator facing the rotor, at least the rotor is exposed on the rear surface of the radial gap compressor and extends in the radial direction. It has two rotor segments, and the stator has three stator magnetic poles protruding in the axial direction and has a stator segment extending in the radial direction and a ring coil wound around the stator segment. .
(19) In the eighteenth embodiment (FIG. 37), a pair of a stator having a total of eight DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and different DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles extending in the circumferential direction and different from each other The four alternating magnetic poles are AC-excited by four concentrated AC coils each having a DC magnetic pole and an alternating magnetic pole. Segment SRM "is disclosed.
This SRM is obtained by doubling the number of stator magnetic poles and the number of rotor segments of the “single-phase driving circumferentially extending segment SRM having a DC magnetic pole and an alternating magnetic pole” in the first embodiment (FIG. 1).
Further, the circumferential width of the odd-numbered rotor segments is formed larger than the circumferential width of the even-numbered rotor segments. The circumferential center position of the odd-numbered rotor segment having a large circumferential width is biased to one side of the circumferential center position of the even-numbered rotor segment on both sides in the circumferential direction.

(20) In the nineteenth embodiment (FIG. 41), “having a stator having first to sixth stator magnetic poles arranged in order in the circumferential direction and first and second rotor segments extending in the circumferential direction. The first rotor segment magnetically short-circuits the first and second stator magnetic poles, the second rotor segment magnetically short-circuits the fourth and fifth stator magnetic poles, and concentratedly wound around each stator magnetic pole in turn. "3-phase SRM excited by phase coils of U phase, V phase and W phase" is disclosed.
This segment SRM is referred to as a “three-phase drive circumferentially extending segment SRM having six stator poles and two rotor segments”.
(21) Embodiment 20 (FIG. 46) is described as follows: “a stator having a total of 12 stator magnetic poles composed of DC magnetic poles and alternating magnetic poles alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and DC magnetic poles extending in the circumferential direction and different from each other. Four rotor segments that magnetically short a pair with the alternating magnetic poles, and the six alternating magnetic poles are three-phase alternating current excited by six AC coils each concentratedly wound. A “three-phase drive circumferentially extending segment SRM” is disclosed.

(22) Embodiment 21 (FIG. 50) has “a stator having six stator magnetic poles arranged in order in the circumferential direction and a rotor core having four rotor magnetic poles whose roots are magnetically short-circuited; A three-phase SRM is disclosed in which three-phase AC coils are concentrated and wound in order on each stator magnetic pole and AC-excited, and further, a DC coil is concentrated on each stator magnetic pole.
This segment SRM is called a “double-coil type three-phase drive SRM”.
The AC coil forms a magnetic flux in the same direction as the DC magnetic flux of the DC coil wound around the same stator magnetic pole during the inductance increase period, and the reverse magnetic flux of the DC coil wound around the same stator magnetic pole during the inductance reduction period. Form.
Preferably, the magnitude of the reverse magnetic flux formed by the AC coil during the inductance reduction period is substantially equal to (80% or more) the magnitude of the DC magnetic flux formed by the DC coil.

(23) FIG. 54 discloses that a three-phase AC coil is driven by a three-phase inverter in the SRM of the twenty-first embodiment (FIG. 50).
(24) FIG. 54 discloses that a capacitor is connected in parallel to each DC coil connected in series in the SRM of the embodiment 21 (FIG. 50).
(25) Embodiment 22 (FIG. 55) discloses a unipolar SRM drive circuit having a reluctance element for speeding up the decay of the regenerative current.
(26) Embodiment 23 (FIG. 56) discloses a unipolar SRM drive circuit having a reluctance element for advancing current rise.
(27) Embodiment 24 (FIG. 57) discloses a unipolar SRM drive circuit having a circuit for speeding up the decay of the regenerative current and speeding up the current rise.
(28) FIG. 59 shows that in the conventional unipolar SRM drive circuit, 60% or more of the amplitude of the phase current is raised in the inductance bottom period before the start of the inductance increase period, and the inductance peak period after the end of the inductance increase period. The point to be attenuated is disclosed. Since the current change during the inductance increase period in which the reluctance torque is generated is suppressed, the drop in the reluctance torque at the beginning and end of the inductance increase period is small.

(29) Embodiment 26 (FIG. 60) discloses a unipolar SRM drive circuit having an assist coil that assists the current rising of the next phase by the regenerative current of one phase.
(30) Embodiment 27 (FIG. 62) is a single-phase drive axial direction having a claw pole core having a C-shaped axial section formed by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in the radial direction and the axial direction, and a ring coil. An extended segment SRM is disclosed.
(31) FIG. 63 discloses a structure in which Embodiment 27 (FIG. 62) bends the tip of the claw pole core so as to narrow the slot opening.
(32) FIG. 64 shows a Randell type core (core structure in which the tip of the stator magnetic pole is shifted in the circumferential direction and overlapped in the axial direction) and a ring coil formed by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in the radial direction and the axial direction. A motor having a stator with

(33) FIG. 65 shows a Landel core (core structure in which the tip of the stator magnetic pole is shifted in the circumferential direction and overlapped in the axial direction) formed by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in the radial direction and the axial direction, and the ring coil. A motor having a stator is disclosed.
(34) FIG. 68 discloses a manufacturing method in which a long soft magnetic steel plate having a stator magnetic pole protruding on both sides in the width direction is wound, and the stator magnetic pole is bent in the radial direction to form the Landel core of FIG.
The claw pole core of FIG. 62 is formed by the same manufacturing method by projecting two stator magnetic poles at both sides in the width direction at the same position in the length direction of the soft magnetic steel plate and omitting the tip portions (44, 45). Can do.
(35) FIG. 69 discloses a stator of a hybrid stepping motor using a claw pole core formed by the manufacturing method of FIG.

(36) FIG. 72 discloses a motor having a rotor composed of a Landel core and a ring coil formed by the manufacturing method of FIG.
(37) Embodiment 31 (FIGS. 73 and 74) discloses an inner rotor radial gap type three-phase drive axially extending segment SRM having a stator segment and a rotor segment extending in the axial direction.
The rotor segments of each phase are integrated and extend in the axial direction. The rotor segment protrudes from the nonmagnetic boss portion of the rotor to both sides in the axial direction. Some phase stator segments and ring coils are arranged radially inward of the axial projections of the rotor segments. The ring coil has a DC coil and an AC coil. The stator segments of each phase are arranged with a shift of 2π / 3 in the circumferential direction.

(38) Embodiment 32 (FIGS. 75 and 76) discloses an inner rotor radial gap type three-phase drive axially extending segment RM having an axially extending stator segment and a rotor segment.
The rotor segments of the respective phases arranged at different positions in the circumferential direction are integrated and extend in the axial direction. The stator segment extends in the axial direction. Each has six AC coils and six DC coils each constituted by a ring coil.
(39) The thirty-third embodiment (FIGS. 77 and 78) is an axially spirally wound plate coil in an axially extending segment SRM of an inner rotor radial gap type having a stator segment and a rotor segment extending in the axial direction. A ring coil winding method is disclosed in which each turn of a ring coil is sequentially inserted into a slot of each stator segment.

(40) Embodiment 33 (FIG. 79) is an axial gap type radially extending segment SRM having a stator segment and a rotor segment extending in the radial direction. A ring coil winding method is disclosed in which each turn is sequentially inserted into a slot of each stator segment.
(41) Embodiment 34 (FIG. 80) discloses a three-phase circumferentially extending segment SRM in which a DC coil and an AC coil are concentratedly wound.
(42) Embodiment 35 (FIG. 81) discloses a three-phase axially extending segment SRM having two ring coils that constitute a DC coil and an AC coil.
(43) Current and inductance waveforms of a reluctance motor having an AC coil and a DC coil through which a sine wave current is applied as a comparative example are shown.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking a radial gap motor type of an inner rotor as an example. However, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand the technical idea of the present invention based on other known techniques conceived based on the description in this specification. Of course, it can be realized. For example, the following embodiments should not be construed to be limited to disclosing only a radial gap motor, but the above-described axial gap motor, linear motor and oblique gap motor, outer rotor that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art. It can be applied to structures and the like. Further, it is obvious that the number of stator magnetic poles can be changed, and the generator operation can be performed instead of the motor operation.

(Embodiment 1)
A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Construction)
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the radial direction of an inner rotor type motor. Reference numeral 1 is a stator, 2 is a rotor, and 3 is a rotating shaft. The stator 1 has a cylindrical stator core 4, coils 5 and 6 provided on the stator core 4, and permanent magnets 7 and 8. The coils 5 and 6 constitute a stator coil. The stator 1 is fixed to a motor frame (not shown). The rotor 2 is housed inside the cylindrical stator 1 in the radial direction, and is fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 3. Both ends of the rotating shaft 3 are rotatably supported by the housing.

  The stator core 4 is formed of electromagnetic steel plates laminated in the axial direction. The stator core 4 includes a cylindrical yoke 41 and four stator magnetic poles 42 to 45 protruding from the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 41 toward the rotor 2. The coil 5 is wound around a stator magnetic pole 42 that is an alternating magnetic pole, and the coil 6 is wound around a stator magnetic pole 44 that is an alternating magnetic pole. The permanent magnet 7 is built in the stator magnetic pole 43 which is a magnet magnetic pole, and the permanent magnet 8 is built in the stator magnetic pole 45 which is a magnet magnetic pole. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 7 has the rotor facing surface that is the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole 43 as the S pole surface, and the permanent magnet 8 has the rotor facing surface that is the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole 45 as the N pole surface. The magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 extend perpendicular to the radial direction. The permanent magnets 7 and 8 are not necessarily embedded in the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45, and may be sandwiched or attached to the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45. The entire stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 are used as permanent magnets. It may be manufactured. The stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 and the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. However, it is efficient that the permanent magnet is arranged so as to strongly magnetize the magnetic pole surface, which is the rotor facing surface of the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45, which are the magnetic poles, with a small amount of magnet. The embedded magnet structure of FIG. 1 generates a slight amount of leakage magnetic flux, but is preferable in terms of magnet protection. In the following description, a recess between two stator poles adjacent in the circumferential direction is referred to as a slot 46.

The rotor 2 has a nonmagnetic boss portion 20 fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 3, and soft magnetic segments 21 and 22 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 20. In this embodiment, the segments 21 and 22 have a circumferential width obtained by adding approximately twice the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole width and the circumferential width of the slot. Of course, the circumferential width of the segments 21 and 22 is not limited to this, and can be set as appropriate according to torque conditions and the like.
In a modification, DC coils 51 and 61 to which a direct current is applied are concentratedly wound around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 which are direct current magnetic poles. The circumferential width of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 is made smaller than that of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 in FIG. This is because the bypass magnetic paths 430 and 450 for flowing the DC magnetic flux formed by the DC coils 51 and 61 are provided in the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 adjacent to the permanent magnets 7 and 8. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the amount of direct current supplied to the DC coils 51 and 61.
When the boss portion 20 is formed of a conductive member such as an aluminum cylindrical body, the outer peripheral surface thereof is preferably separated from the magnetic pole surfaces of the stator magnetic poles 42 to 45 in order to reduce eddy current.

  The circumferential width of the segments 21 and 22 is 2 times the circumferential width of the slot 46 so that the magnetic flux emitted from the stator magnetic pole 45 that is the magnetic pole does not flow to the stator magnetic pole 43 that is the magnetic pole through the segment 21 or the segment 22. It is preferable that it is not larger than the sum of the double and the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole. Further, it is preferable that the circumferential width of the segments 21 and 22 is larger than the circumferential width of the slot 46, and further larger than the sum of the circumferential width of the slot 46 and the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole. Is preferred. In addition, the circumferential direction width | variety of the stator magnetic pole said here is the circumferential direction width | variety in the rotor opposing surface of the stator magnetic poles 42-45. Therefore, when the stator magnetic poles 42 to 45 have claw portions that protrude outward in the circumferential direction on both sides in the circumferential direction, it is preferable to shorten the circumferential width of the segments 21 and 22 correspondingly. Similarly, the circumferential width of the slot 46 referred to here means the width of the stator magnetic pole 4 at the same diameter position of the rotor facing surface. Therefore, when the stator magnetic poles 42 to 45 have the above-mentioned claws, the slot width is equivalently. It is preferable to think that it will only be smaller.

(Operation)
The operation of this SRM will be described with reference to FIGS. However, in order to simplify the description, a linear motor structure, that is, a circumferentially expanded structure will be described as an example. However, the boss portion 20 is omitted to simplify the illustration. In FIG. 3, Ws is the circumferential width of the slot 46, Wt is the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole, d is the circumferential width between the segments 21 and 22, and g is the rotor 2 and the stator magnetic poles 42 to 45. It is the radial width between.
(State A)
In the state A shown in FIG. 3, the rotor 2 exists at a rotational position where the segment 21 magnetically couples the stator magnetic poles 43 and 44 and the segment 22 magnetically couples the stator magnetic poles 45 and 42. In this state, the stator magnetic pole 42 that is an alternating magnetic pole absorbs the magnetic flux of the stator magnetic pole 45 that is a magnetic pole, and the stator magnetic pole 43 absorbs the magnetic flux of the stator magnetic pole 43 that is a magnetic pole.

(Transition from state A to state B)
In this state, the coils 5 and 6 are energized in the opposite direction. Thereby, the magnetic pole surface which is the rotor facing surface of the stator magnetic pole 42 is magnetized to the N pole, and the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole 44 is magnetized to the S pole. In the segments 21 and 22, the sum of the magnet magnetic flux Φm that is the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole and the current magnetic flux Φi that is the magnetic flux of the alternating magnetic pole flows. Corresponding magnetic poles are formed on the surfaces of the segments 21 and 22. As a result, the segment 21 is attracted by the front stator magnetic pole 42 and receives a forward thrust. Similarly, the segment 22 is attracted by the front stator pole 44 and receives a forward thrust. This state is shown as state B in FIG. In the transition period from the state A to the state B, it is preferable that the currents to the coils 5 and 6 increase.
(Transition from state B to state C)
When this state continues, the segments 21 and 22 further advance to reach the state C shown in FIG. The current gradually decreases and becomes zero in state C. In this state, only the magnetic flux Φm flows in the segments 21 and 22.

(Transition from state C to state D)
When the state C is reached, the currents in the coils 5 and 6 are reversed. Thereby, the magnetic pole surface which is the rotor facing surface of the stator magnetic pole 42 is magnetized to the S pole, and the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole 44 is magnetized to the N pole. In the segments 21 and 22, the sum of the magnet magnetic flux Φm that is the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole and the current magnetic flux Φi that is the magnetic flux of the alternating magnetic pole flows. Corresponding magnetic poles are formed on the surfaces of the segments 21 and 22. As a result, the segment 21 is attracted by the front stator magnetic pole 45 and receives a forward thrust. Similarly, the segment 22 is attracted by the front stator magnetic pole 43 and receives a forward thrust. This state is shown as state D in FIG. In the transition period from the state C to the state D, it is preferable that the currents to the coils 5 and 6 increase.
(Transition from state D to state A)
If this state persists, the segments 21 and 22 will further advance to state A. The current gradually decreases and becomes zero in state A. In this state, only the magnetic flux Φm flows in the segments 21 and 22. By repeating the above state, the rotor 2 can be rotated.

(Drive circuit)
Next, the drive circuit will be described. Since the current change timings of the coils 5 and 6 are equal, the motor can be driven by a single-phase alternating current. This means that the motor drive circuit can be simplified. For example, the coils 5 and 6 can be driven by a full bridge type inverter circuit. That is, the motor of FIG. 1 can be considered as a hybrid single-phase SRM.
(effect)
Comparing the SRM of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 with a basic SRM having six conventional stator magnetic poles and four rotor magnetic poles, there is a stator magnetic pole in which no current flows in the coil in the basic SRM. In addition, since there are three stator magnetic poles, there is a problem that the amount of magnetic flux of one stator magnetic pole is small. These problems are solved by the SRM of this embodiment.
Since the segments 21 and 22 are attracted by the sum of the magnet magnetic flux (DC magnetic flux) Φm and the current magnetic flux Φi, a large attractive force can be obtained with a small current. However, since the relative magnetic permeability of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 is substantially equal to the vacuum relative magnetic permeability, the current magnetic flux Φi shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is not so large. This means that when the segments 21 and 22 move by one stator magnetic pole pitch, the difference between the magnetic fields formed by the coils 5 and 6 wound around the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 that are alternating magnetic poles is different from the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 that are magnetic magnetic poles. It can be considered that the direction of the magnetic flux that has been reversed reverses with the movement of the segments 21 and 22. In this embodiment, it is necessary to prevent the magnetic field formed by the current flowing through the coils 5 and 6 from demagnetizing the permanent magnets 7 and 8, but in this embodiment, one of the coils 5 and 6 blocks the magnetic flux. In the case of forming a magnetic field in such a direction, the other of the coils 5 and 6 forms a magnetic field in a direction in which the magnetic flux of the magnet is absorbed. That is, the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 7 and 8 only changes depending on the current direction of the coils 5 and 6, and a demagnetizing field is generated in the permanent magnets 7 and 8 by the current magnetic field formed by the currents of the coils 5 and 6. It does not act strongly.

  Think about the loss. The loss consists of copper loss and iron loss. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to wind a coil around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 which are magnet magnetic poles. This means that the slot 46 can be used only for winding the coils 5 and 6, so that the copper loss of the coils 5 and 6 can be reduced and the ampere turn can be increased. In addition, the fact that there is no need to wind a coil around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45, which are magnet magnetic poles, means that a current necessary for forming the magnetic flux of the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45, which are magnet magnetic poles, is unnecessary. . In other words, most of the current is consumed to form a magnetic field in the radial gap g between the segments 21, 22 and the stator poles 42-45. In this embodiment, a part of this magnetic field formation is formed by the permanent magnets 7 and 8, which means that the necessary current can be reduced, which means that the necessary amount of current can be reduced.

  Think about iron loss. Magnetic flux flows through each part of the yoke 41 only in one direction. This means that the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss of the yoke 41 can be reduced. Of course, the iron loss of the stator magnetic poles 43 and 435 which are magnet magnetic poles can be ignored. These facts mean that iron loss, which is a big problem in a high-speed rotary motor used for an electric turbocharger, can be reduced.

(Embodiment 2)
A motor according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
(Construction)
In this embodiment, the permanent magnets 7 and 8 are omitted from FIG. 1 and the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 are made of a soft magnetic material. Is. However, a direct current flows through the coils 51 and 61. Thus, the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 are equivalent to the magnet magnetic poles shown in FIG. 1, and the operation is the same.
(effect)
Making the stator magnetic poles 43 and 35 DC alternating magnetic poles formed by a DC current has an advantage that the excitation power can be reduced as compared with a general SRM. That is, a magnetic flux equivalent to the magnet magnetic flux can be generated with a small amount of electric power. This point will be further described. However, in order to simplify the description, an approximate expression is used.

  The direct current magnetic flux Φf is approximately N · If / R. N is the number of turns of the coils 51 and 61, If is the current of the coils 51 and 61, and R is the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit passing through the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45. The power consumption P of the coils 51 and 61 is consumed by the electric resistance r of the coils 51 and 61. That is, the equation P = If · If · r holds. Therefore, the equation of Φf = N / R (P / r) is established. However, () indicates a square root. That is, if P is constant, the direct current magnetic flux Φf is proportional to the number of turns N of the coils 51 and 61, inversely proportional to the magnetic resistance R of the magnetic circuit, and inversely proportional to the square root of the electrical resistance r of the coils 51 and 61. This means that when the conductor cross-sectional area of the coils 51 and 61 is reduced and the number of turns N is increased as much as possible, the amount of field magnetic flux per unit excitation power P increases in proportion to the square root. This means that the coils 51 and 61 can be formed by winding a thin conductor wire around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 using a part of the space volume of the slot 46. In this embodiment, the torque can be changed by changing the currents of the coils 51 and 61.

(Ripple voltage)
However, in this embodiment, the movement of the segments 21 and 22 changes the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit of the coils 51 and 61 and changes accordingly. Since this change in magnetic resistance produces a change in magnetic flux, an alternating induction voltage is generated in the coils 51 and 61.
A current supply circuit to the coils 51 and 61 is shown in FIG. 91 is a capacitor, 92 is a flywheel diode, and 93 is a current control transistor that is PWM-controlled. The capacitor 91 can suppress the voltage fluctuation of the coils 51 and 61 as the transistor 93 is switched, and can also absorb the AC induced voltage due to the change in magnetoresistance accompanying the movement of the segments 21 and 22.

(Modification)
Modifications of the first and second embodiments will be described below.
Both the permanent magnets 7 and 8 and the coils 51 and 61 through which a direct current flows may be provided on the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 for forming the above-described DC magnetic flux. However, the shape and arrangement of the permanent magnets can be appropriately changed by using a permanent magnet arrangement technique in a known motor. One or more additional stator magnetic poles each having a coil wound may be disposed between the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 for forming a DC magnetic flux and the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 for forming an AC magnetic flux. it can. These additional stator magnetic poles may be formed with a rotating magnetic field by flowing current at the same timing as in the conventional SRM.

In the second embodiment, the permanent magnets 7 and 8 are omitted, and the coils 51 and 61 are wound around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45. In addition to the coils 51 and 61, additional coils may be wound around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 in order to cause an alternating current to flow at the timing of torque increase. However, this additional coil is preferably smaller than the number of turns of the coils 51 and 61 in order to reduce inductance.
In the above embodiment, the winding method of the coils 51 and 61 around the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 may be distributed winding in addition to concentrated winding. In this case, it is clear that a single-phase wave winding coil is obtained. In this case, by using two single-phase wave winding coils, the coil ends are formed on both sides in the axial direction of the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 in order to shorten the axial projection length of the coil ends. It is suitable for. In the RM of this embodiment, the rotation angle can be detected without a sensor by analyzing the impedance of the coils 5 and 6 as in the case of the conventional AC motor.

  The area of the magnetic pole faces of the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 that are DC magnetic flux magnetic poles may be smaller than the area of the magnetic pole faces of the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 that are AC magnetic flux magnetic poles. Similarly, the magnetic path perpendicular cross-sectional area of each part of the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 which are DC magnetic flux magnetic poles may be smaller than the magnetic field perpendicular cross-sectional area of each part of the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 which are AC magnetic flux magnetic poles. In addition, the magnetic pole surface said here means the rotor opposing surface of the stator magnetic poles 42-45. This is because the magnetic flux fluctuations in the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 and the magnetic pole surface are small, and the iron loss is small even if the magnetic flux density is high. On the other hand, it is preferable to reduce the iron loss by increasing the magnetic flux density of the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 as much as possible. In addition, the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 that form the DC magnetic flux may have both the coils 51 and 61 and the permanent magnets 7 and 8. In this case, the permanent magnets 7 and 8 can be reduced in size.

(Embodiment 3)
A motor according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, three single-phase SRMs shown in FIG. 1 are arranged in tandem in the axial direction. 11 is a first single-phase SRM, 12 is a second single-phase SRM, and 13 is a third single-phase SRM. Reference numeral 10 shown in FIG. 7 denotes a frame that forms the outline of the motor. The stators 1 of the single-phase SRMs 11 to 13 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall of the frame 10 in order with a predetermined gap therebetween. It is of course possible to provide a spacer in the axial gap between the stators 1. Similarly, the rotors 2 of the single-phase SRMs 11 to 13 are also fixed to the rotating shaft 3 in order with a predetermined gap therebetween. The frame 10 is composed of a bowl-shaped front frame and a rear frame, and a shaft hole for rotatably supporting the rotary shaft 3 via a bearing is provided in a front end wall and a rear end wall of the frame 10.

  One important aspect of this embodiment is that at least the segments 21, 22 of the first single-phase SRM 11 have different circumferential positions relative to the segments 21, 22 of the second single-phase SRM 12. More specifically, the stator 1 of the first single-phase SRM 11 and the stator 1 of the third single-phase SRM 13 are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. The stator of the second single-phase SRM 12 is arranged so as to be shifted by one stator magnetic pole pitch in the circumferential direction as compared with the stators of the first and third single-phase SRMs 11 and 13. Thus, the coils 5 and 6 of the second single-phase SRM 12 are axially adjacent to the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 of the first and third single-phase SRMs 11 and 13, and the first and third single-phase SRMs 11 and 13 Since the 13 coils 5 and 6 are adjacent to the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 of the second single-phase SRM 12 in the axial direction, the coil ends of the coils 5 and 6 of the single-phase SRMs 11 to 13 protruding in the axial direction are mutually connected. Does not interfere. For this reason, the axial direction gap between each single phase SRM11-13 can be reduced, and the axial direction length of a motor can be shortened. In order to reduce the eddy current, the yoke 41 and the stator magnetic poles 42 to 45 are made of axially laminated electromagnetic steel plates except for the permanent magnets 7 and 8. Similarly, the segments 21 and 22 are also composed of axially laminated electromagnetic steel sheets.

  Another important point of this embodiment is that the phase angle between the single-phase SRM 11 and the rotor 2 with respect to the stator 1 is different at least between the single-phase SRM 12 and the single-phase SRM 13. Naturally, the phase angle between the single-phase alternating current that flows through the coils 5 and 6 of the single-phase SRM 11 and the single-phase alternating current that flows through the coils 5 and 6 of the single-phase SRM 12 also matches the phase angle difference between the rotor and the stator. Is given a difference. For example, when the pitch between two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other is 90 degrees (π / 2) and the circumferential center position of the stator magnetic pole 42 is 0 degrees, the segment 21 of the first single-phase SRM 11 is 0. When in degrees, segment 21 of second single-phase SRM 12 is at 120 degrees (2 / 3π) and segment 21 of third single-phase SRM 13 is at 240 degrees (4/3). . Thereby, the motor of this embodiment can be made into 3 phase SRM. In FIG. 8, the circumferential displacement of the segments 21 and 22 of the single-phase SRMs 11 to 13 is not described. By the same method as described above, a two-phase SRM, a four-phase SRM, or a multi-phase SRM can be easily realized. Moreover, torque ripple can be reduced, and voltage ripple in the case of rectifying the generated voltage of the generator can also be reduced.

(Modification)
A modification of the third embodiment will be described below.
In the third embodiment, the single-phase SRM coils 5 and 6 are connected in series and a single-phase AC current is applied. You may produce separately with an alternating current. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the coils 5 and 6 have concentrated winding coils fitted in the open slots, but the slot openings may be narrowed by using stator poles with claws.

(Embodiment 4)
In the third embodiment, the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 having the permanent magnets 7 and 8 are adopted. However, in this fourth embodiment, the single-phase SRM shown in FIG. A multi-phase SRM is configured in tandem arrangement. That is, in FIGS. 7 and 8, the stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 that are magnet magnetic poles are current magnetic poles around which the coils 51 and 61 are wound, as in the second embodiment. Even in this case, since the coils 51 and 61 are of a direct current energization type, the coils 51 and 61 can be made smaller than the coils 5 and 6. Therefore, the axial length of the motor can be shortened by shifting the odd-numbered single-phase SRM and the even-numbered single-phase SRM by one magnetic pole pitch in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the coils 51 and 61 of each single-phase SRM are connected in series and a direct current is supplied from a direct current power source. In this way, since the AC voltages induced in the coils 51 and 61 of the single-phase SRMs cancel each other by passing through the segments 21 and 22, the AC currents flowing through all the coils 51 and 61 of the single-phase SRMs. For example, the capacitor 91 shown in FIG. 6 can be omitted.

(Embodiment 5)
A fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment discloses a moving device that uses the motor described above as a linear motor.
Reference numeral 200 denotes a moving body, 201 denotes a linear motor, 202 denotes a front motor support wheel, and 203 denotes a rear motor support wheel. The mobile body 200 has wheels on the front, rear, left and right like a normal automobile, but the illustration thereof is omitted. This wheel rotates on a rail or a paved road, but its frictional resistance is reduced.
The linear motor 201 includes a rotor 204 formed of a long rail-shaped stationary body and a stator 205 that forms a moving body. The motor support wheel 202 is rotatably supported at the front end portion of the stator 205, and the motor support wheel 203 is rotatably supported at the rear end portion of the stator 205. The motor support wheels 203 and 204 are arranged in a pair on the left and right, respectively, and are in contact with a guide road surface 206 that is disposed on the left and right of the rotor 204 and formed long in the front and rear direction. However, in FIG. 9, only one of the motor support wheels 203 and 204 and the guide road surface 206 are shown. The rotor 204 is configured to be fixed to a concrete road surface with soft iron segments 207 arranged in the front-rear direction at regular intervals.

  The stator 205 has a shape in which the stator 1 described in the first to fourth embodiments is developed in the front-rear direction of FIG. 9, and is arranged above the rotor 204 with a slight electromagnetic gap. Therefore, the structure of the stator 205 is essentially the same as that of the stator 1 of the first to fourth embodiments. By applying an alternating current to a stator coil (not shown) of the stator 205, the stator 205 is biased in the forward direction or the backward direction. The upper surface of the stator 205 has a protrusion 208 that protrudes upward, and the protrusion 208 is loosely fitted in a hole 209 that is recessed in the lower surface of the moving body 200. A spring 210 is accommodated in the hole 209, and the spring 210 elastically biases the protrusion 208 downward. When the stator 205 moves forward, the projection 208 urges the side surface of the hole 209, so that the moving body 200 moves forward. In order to flow an alternating current having a phase synchronized with the rotor position through the stator coil, the rotor position detection device is used in the same manner as a normal synchronous motor.

(effect)
That is, by using the linear motor 201 as the motor described in the first to fourth embodiments, for example, it is only necessary to arrange inexpensive soft magnetic segments on a concrete road surface at a constant pitch, and to realize linear motor transportation at a low cost. Can do.
In FIG. 9, it is clear that the segments 207 of the rotor 204 may be completely embedded in the road surface with their upper surfaces exposed. In this case, it can be set as the road which a normal motor vehicle can move besides a linear motor moving body. The mobile body can incorporate a power source or a power generation device, and can also be fed from an electric wire in the same manner as a normal train. That is, this linear motor has a gap holding wheel that is rotatably supported by the stator and is in contact with the road on which the rotor (stationary body) is fixed. The stator moves the rotor (stationary body) in the extending direction. The stator is fitted to the movable body so as to be urged, the stator is held so as to be relatively displaceable in the vertical direction with respect to the movable body, is elastically biased toward the rotor (stationary body) by a spring, and the wheel is rotor (stationary) The stator is movable in the extending direction of the rotor (stationary body) while maintaining a gap between the body and the stator. Thereby, it is possible to satisfactorily suppress the electromagnetic gap between the stator and the rotor from being changed due to vibration received by the moving body.

  The moving body can be an automobile or a train having traveling wheels (not shown) that are rotatably supported by the moving body and are in contact with the road on the rotor (stationary body) side. The segment of the rotor protrudes from the surface of the road by a slight step and is fixed to a road made of concrete, for example, and its upper surface is exposed. The running wheel and the gap maintaining wheel are in contact with the surface of the road. Thereby, a general car or a train and this linear motor car can be made to travel on the same road. In addition, the running wheel of the linear motor vehicle or the wheel for maintaining the gap may be a long metal body disposed on both sides of the stationary body on the road.

(Example 6)
A motor of Example 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
(Construction)
FIG. 10 is a schematic axial sectional view for explaining the principle of the inner rotor type SRM, and FIG. 11 is a schematic radial sectional view thereof. 1 is a stator and 2 is a rotor. The stator 1 has a plurality of segments 3 arranged at a constant circumferential pitch as shown in FIG. The segment 3 has an E-shaped axial cross-sectional shape. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the segment 3 is produced by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in a substantially circumferential direction (tangential direction). In FIG. 11, five segments 3 are shown. All the segments 3 can be collectively referred to as a stator core.
The segment 3 is magnetically short-circuited between the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 extending in the radial direction at a predetermined distance in the axial direction and the root portions of the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 extending in the axial direction, that is, the radial outer ends. Yoke 34 and slots 35, 36. The radially inner ends of the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 have claw portions extending in the axial direction. The slot 35 is formed between the stator magnetic poles 31 and 32, is surrounded by the stator magnetic poles 31 and 32 and the yoke 34, and opens radially inward. The slot 36 is formed between the stator magnetic poles 32 and 33, is surrounded by the stator magnetic poles 32 and 33 and the yoke 34, and opens radially inward.
A ring coil 4A having a predetermined number of turns is wound through the slot 35 of each segment 3 in the circumferential direction, and a ring coil 4A having a predetermined number of turns is wound through the slot 36 of each segment 3 in the circumferential direction. Yes.
The rotor 2 includes a non-magnetic base tube portion 6 fitted and fixed to a rotation shaft (not shown), and a plurality of segments 7 and segments 8 fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the base tube portion 6 at a predetermined circumferential pitch. Have. The segment 7 and the segment 8 are arranged so as to be shifted in the axial direction and the circumferential direction as will be described later. FIG. 11 shows only segment 7. The segments 7 and 8 are exposed to the electromagnetic gap G and can face the segment 3 of the stator 1. Reference numeral 9 denotes a permanent magnet fixed to the magnetic pole surface of the stator magnetic pole 32, and the magnet 9 is magnetized in the radial direction. However, the magnet 9 is not shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, the rotor facing surface is an N pole.

FIG. 10 schematically shows the segments 7 and 8. In practice, the radial positions of the segments 7, 8 are equal. The segment 7 is a segment for magnetic short-circuiting the stator magnetic poles 31 and 32, and the segment 8 is a segment for magnetic short-circuiting the stator magnetic poles 32 and 33. The fixed state of the segments 7 and 8 and the base tube 6 in which the centrifugal force and the inertia reduction are important will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 12, the base tube portion 6 is made of a fiber reinforced resin, and the segment 7 has a concave portion 71 and a through hole 72 in order to improve mechanical connectivity with the base tube portion 6. In FIG. 13, the base tube portion 6 is formed by aluminum die casting, and is integrated by a nonmagnetic member, and the segments 7 and 8 are integrated with the base tube portion 6 by insert molding.
The stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 are arranged in a matrix as shown in FIG. That is, each stator pole 31 constitutes a first row of stator poles, each stator pole 32 constitutes a second row of stator poles, and each stator pole 33 constitutes a third row of stator poles. In FIG. 14A, the segment 7 magnetically short-circuits the stator magnetic poles 31 and 32 in the first row, and the segment 8 magnetically short-circuits the stator magnetic poles 32 and 33 in the second row. That is, the segment 7 and the segment 8 are arranged so as to be shifted by one stator magnetic pole pitch in the circumferential direction and one stator magnetic pole pitch in the axial direction. After all, the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 are the alternating magnetic poles described above, and the stator magnetic pole 32 constitutes the DC magnetic pole described above.

(Description of operation)
The operation of this motor will be described with reference to FIG. The generator and the motor are essentially the same, and the fact that the power generation action occurs means that an electric torque is generated by applying a current opposite to that to the stator coil. Therefore, the power generation operation will be described below. The operating mechanism of this motor is essentially the same as that of the motor of the first embodiment.
In FIG. 14A, a large magnetic flux generated by the stator magnetic pole 32, which is a DC magnetic pole, flows in the axial direction in the segments 7 and 8, a large magnetic flux flows in the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33, and the ring coils 4A and 4B have a large magnetic flux. It is linked with. In FIG. 14B, the ring coils 4A and 4B do not link with the magnetic flux. In FIG. 14C, the ring coils 4A and 4B are linked to a large magnetic flux in the opposite direction. Eventually, when the segments 7 and 8 move to FIGS. 14A to 14C, waveforms of the electrical angle π of the single-phase alternating current are generated in the ring coils 4A and 4B, respectively. Eventually, it can be seen that a single-phase alternating current can be generated by connecting the ring coils 4A and 4B in series in the current direction. Further, since the magnetic flux is generated using the magnet 9, no exciting current generating mechanism is required, and it can be seen that the motor can be made compact and the efficiency can be improved. For the detailed explanation, refer to the explanation of the operation of the first embodiment.

(Modification)
Instead of the ring coils 4A and 4B, the coils may be individually wound around the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33, respectively. The stator magnetic poles 31 that are alternating magnetic poles may be integrally formed in a ring plate shape, or the stator magnetic poles 33 that are alternating magnetic poles may be integrally formed in a ring plate shape. However, the integration of the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 is not preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the eddy current and thinning the rotor by thin steel plate lamination. Each magnet 9 fixed to each stator magnetic pole 32 that is a DC magnetic pole is preferably formed in a thin cylindrical shape and is alternately magnetized in the opposite direction at a circumferential electrical angle π pitch. As a result, it is possible to prevent the magnet 9 from falling off, reduce the number of parts, and simplify the assembly. In FIG. 14, the circumferential widths of the segments 7 and 8 of the rotor 2 are illustrated narrowly for easy understanding of the drawings. is there.

(Example 7)
A motor of Example 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. This motor is characterized in that the magnet 9 of the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 11 is omitted, and the field coil 40 is wound around the DC magnetic pole 32 instead. The field coil 40 and the ring coils 4A, 4B may be adjacent in the axial direction as shown in FIG. 15, or may be adjacent in the axial direction as shown in FIG. Two field coils 40 adjacent in the circumferential direction form opposite field fluxes Φ. If is a field current, I is a current of the ring coil 7, and -I is a current of the ring coil 8.
(Modification)
The field coil 40 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 and the magnet 9 of the sixth embodiment may be used together. In this case, it is preferable that the magnet 9 has a bypass magnetic path. The magnetic flux of the bypass magnetic path can be changed by the field coil 40, and the amount of magnetic flux given to the segments of the rotor 2 by the DC magnetic pole as a whole can be adjusted by the field coil 40. The field coil 40 may be wound around each stator pole 32 in addition to being concentrated around each stator pole 32.

(Example 8)
A motor of Example 8 will be described with reference to FIG. This motor is obtained by changing the position of the alternating magnetic pole and the position of the DC magnetic pole in Examples 6 to 8. More specifically, the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 are DC magnetic poles, and the stator magnetic pole 32 is an alternating magnetic pole. The circumferentially odd-numbered stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 and the circumferentially even-numbered stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 are magnetized in opposite directions. In FIG. 17, the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 at the same position in the circumferential direction are magnetized in the same direction. Alternatively, the stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 at the same position in the circumferential direction may be magnetized in the opposite direction.
Example 9
A motor of Example 9 will be described with reference to FIG. This motor is obtained by changing the positions of the alternating magnetic pole and the DC magnetic pole in the eighth embodiment. More specifically, the DC magnetic poles are arranged in a checkered pattern, and the magnetic flux directions of the DC magnetic poles are the same.

(Example 10)
The motor of Example 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 19 and 20 are obtained by changing the inner rotor type motor shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 to an outer rotor type. In this outer rotor type motor, it is only necessary to fix small segments 7 and 8 to the inner periphery of the nonmagnetic wheel portion of the outer rotor. In addition, the winding work of the ring coils 4A and 4B can be facilitated. Instead of the ring coil, each phase coil of the stator coil may be individually wound around each stator magnetic pole. 19 and 20 are substantially the same in basic structure as FIGS. 10 and 11, and thus some of the reference numerals are omitted. 10 and 20, t1 and t2 indicate time points, and t1 and t2 are separated by an electrical angle π. Further, it is naturally possible to change the other inner rotor motor described in this specification to an outer rotor structure as well.

(Example 11)
A motor of Example 11 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In Example 11, seven reluctance motors shown in Examples 6 to 10 are arranged with seven stator magnetic poles spaced apart from each other in the axial direction. That is, the segment 3 of the stator 1 has a yoke 30 extending in the axial direction and seven stator magnetic poles 31 to 37, and ring coils 4A to 4F are individually provided in slots between the stator magnetic poles 31 to 37. The point is that it is housed. A six-phase alternating current is applied to the ring coils 4A to 4F. However, the position of the ring coil of each phase is free. In FIG. 21, two ring coils (for example, 4A and 4B) separated by an electrical angle π from each other are adjacently arranged in the axial direction.
The rotor 2 has segments 7U, 7V, and 7W and segments 8U, 7V, and 7W with an electrical angle π apart in the circumferential direction. The segments 7U and 8U are arranged at a distance of one stator pole pitch in the axial direction, the segments 7V and 8V are arranged at a distance of one stator pole pitch in the axial direction, and the segments 7W and 8W are arranged at a distance of one stator pole pitch in the axial direction. ing. The segments 7U, 7V, and 7W are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction, and the segments 8U, 7V, and 7W are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction. The segments 7U and 8U constitute the single-phase motor described in Examples 6 to 10 together with the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33, and the segments 7V and 8V constitute the single-phase motor described in Examples 6 to 10 together with the stator magnetic poles 33 to 35. The segments 7W and 8W constitute the single-phase reluctance motor described in Examples 6 to 10 together with the stator magnetic poles 35 to 37.

  The circumferential relative positional relationship between the rotor segment of each single-phase reluctance motor and the stator magnetic pole is changed, and at the same time, the U-phase current energized in the ring coils 4A and 4B and the V-phase current energized in the ring coils 4C and 4D The phase difference from the W-phase current energized in the ring coils 4E and 4F is shifted by 4π / 3. That is, the phases of these three single-phase reluctance motors differ by 4π / 3. In this way, a three-phase motor can be realized. The rotation operation of each single-phase reluctance motor can be realized by the same principle as in the previously described Examples 6 to 10.

The circumferential relative positional relationship between the rotor segments and the stator magnetic poles of the three single-phase reluctance motors described above matches the circumferential positions of the rotor segments 7U, 7V, and 7W, and the stator magnetic poles 31 to 37 are positioned in the circumferential direction. Can be realized by shifting by 4π / 3 in the circumferential direction. This embodiment is shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 22, the stator magnetic poles 31, 33, 35, and 37 are common alternating magnetic poles each having a ring plate shape, and the stator magnetic poles 32, 34, and 36 are DC magnetic poles. Of course, the stator magnetic poles 31, 33, 35, and 37 may be individually divided and formed in the same manner as the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 of Examples 6 to 11.
In addition, the circumferential relative positional relationship between the rotor segments of the three single-phase reluctance motors described above and the stator magnetic poles matches the circumferential positions of the stator magnetic poles 31 to 37 of the single-phase reluctance motors. , 7V, 7W may be formed by shifting in the circumferential direction by 4π / 3 in the circumferential direction.
A modification will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 24, the stator coil includes a U-phase coil 41 wound around the alternating magnetic pole 31, a V-phase coil 42 wound around the alternating magnetic pole 33, a W-phase coil 41 wound around the alternating magnetic pole 35, and an alternating magnetic pole 37. And a U-phase coil 44 wound around. The even-numbered stator magnetic poles in the axial direction are DC magnetic poles having magnets 9. The motor of FIG. 24 can also operate as a three-phase reluctance motor.

(Modification)
A modification will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 25 is characterized in that the phase arrangement of the ring coils 4A to 4F is changed in the three-phase motor shown in FIG. More specifically, in this embodiment, the U phase, -V phase, W phase, -U phase, V phase, and -W phase are arranged in the axial direction in this order. The odd-numbered stator magnetic poles 31, 33, 35 and 37 are alternating magnetic poles, and the even-numbered stator magnetic poles 32, 34 and 36 are direct-current magnetic poles. In this case, the segments 7U, 7V, 7W, 8U, 8V, and 8W of the rotor 2 adjacent in the axial direction can be closely adhered in the circumferential direction. This aspect is shown in FIG. In FIG. 23, a total of six segments 7U, 7V, 7W, 8U, 8V, and 8W are integrated adjacent to each other to form a common segment 70. The common segment 70 is formed by laminating thin steel plates extending in the axial direction in the circumferential direction. They are arranged at an electrical angle of 2π pitch in the circumferential direction. A single-phase motor with an increased circumferential gap width is shown in FIG. FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B show a state where the electrical angle is shifted by π / 2.

Example 12
A motor of Example 12 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 27 is a view showing a three-phase motor constituted by stator magnetic poles 31 to 34. A U-phase coil 4 </ b> A that is a ring coil through which a U-phase current flows is accommodated between the stator magnetic poles 31 and 32. A V-phase coil 4B, which is a ring coil through which a V-phase current flows, is accommodated between the stator magnetic poles 32 and 33. A W-phase coil 4 </ b> C, which is a ring coil through which a W-phase current flows, is accommodated between the stator magnetic poles 33 and 34. The odd-numbered stator magnetic poles 31 and 33 in the axial direction are alternating magnetic poles, and the even-numbered stator magnetic poles 32 and 34 in the axial direction are DC magnetic poles. 7U is a segment that magnetically short-circuits the stator magnetic poles 31 and 32, 7V is a segment that magnetically short-circuits the stator magnetic poles 32 and 33, and 7W is a segment that magnetically short-circuits the stator magnetic poles 33 and 34. The segments 7U, 7V, and 7W are shifted in the circumferential direction by an electrical angle of 4π / 3 in the circumferential direction. The stator magnetic poles 32, 34 in the circumferential odd-numbered rows 201, 203, 205 and the stator magnetic poles 32, 34 in the circumferential even-numbered rows 202, 204 are magnetized in opposite directions.

  Along with the rotation of the segments 7U, 7V, 7W, a counter electromotive voltage is generated in the U-phase coil 4A, the V-phase coil 4B, and the W-phase coil 4C when used as a generator. This means that the motor operation can be realized by energizing in the direction opposite to the counter electromotive voltage. In this way, a three-phase reluctance motor having a simple structure can be realized. The segments 7U, 7V, and 7W may be connected together.

(Example 13)
A motor of Example 13 will be described with reference to FIG.
The thirteenth embodiment is obtained by changing the arrangement of the DC magnetic poles in the stator magnetic pole arrangement of the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG. More specifically, in FIG. 27, each DC magnetic pole of the same stator magnetic pole row is magnetized alternately in the axial direction. For example, the stator magnetic pole 32 and the stator magnetic pole 34 of the stator magnetic pole row 201 are magnetized in opposite directions. On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 28, each DC magnetic pole of the same stator magnetic pole row is magnetized in the same direction, and two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the same stator magnetic pole row are Magnetized in the opposite direction. For example, the stator magnetic pole 31 of the stator magnetic pole rows 201 and 203 and the rotor facing surface, ie, the magnetic pole surface, of the magnetic pole 33 are N poles, and the stator magnetic pole 31 of the stator magnetic pole rows 202 and 204, It is the pole. The spatial arrangement of the segments 7U, 7V, 7W of each phase of the rotor 2 is essentially the same as in FIG.

Even in this case, when the soft magnetic segments 7U, 7V, and 7W of the respective phases move in the circumferential direction, induced voltages that cause a 120-degree phase difference are generated in the ring coils 4A to 4C (see FIG. 27). To do. This is because the magnetic flux interlinking with the ring coils 4A to 4C is reversed by the movement of the electrical angle π pitch of the segments 7U, 7V, and 7W. Therefore, as described above, it means that conduction drive is possible by applying a phase voltage opposite to each induced voltage to the ring coils 4A to 4C.
(Modification)
A modification is shown in FIG. In this aspect, the arrangement of the DC magnetic poles shown in FIG. 23 is changed in the same manner as described above. That is, in FIG. 29, the magnetic flux directions of the stator magnetic pole rows are the same.

(Example 14)
A motor of Example 14 will be described with reference to FIGS.
Example 14 is characterized in that the DC magnetic poles 32 and 34 of Example 13 shown in FIG. 27 are changed to alternating magnetic poles. That is, in this embodiment, all the stator magnetic poles 31 to 34 are alternating magnetic poles, that is, soft magnetic magnetic poles. However, in this embodiment, the circumferential density of the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 is half that of Example 13 shown in FIG. The circumferential width of the stator magnetic poles 31 to 33 is less than the electrical angle π / 2.
The segments 7U, 7V, and 7W in FIG. 27 are integrally formed as a common segment 70. The common segments 70 are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction by an electrical angle π. The inductance Lq in the q-axis that is the circumferential center position of the common segment 70 of the rotor 2 and the inductance Ld in the d-axis that is the circumferential position away from the q-axis by an electrical angle π / 2 are greatly different, so reluctance torque ( Lq−Ld) IqId can be generated. In this way, a three-phase pure reluctance motor having a simple structure can be realized.
(Modification)
Similarly to the above, by changing the DC magnetic poles (32, 34, 36 in FIG. 24) of the stator magnetic pole arrangement (see FIG. 24, for example) of the 7 stator magnetic pole structure to alternating magnetic poles, A phase pure reluctance motor can be similarly realized.

(Example 15)
A motor of Example 15 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the fifteenth embodiment, the shape of the segments (for example, 7, 8) of the rotor 2 of the motors of the sixth to fourteenth embodiments described above is changed. In Examples 6-14, the segment (for example, 7, 8) of the rotor 2 was made into the flat steel plate extended in an axial direction and radial direction. Similarly, the stator magnetic poles (for example, 31 to 34) are also produced by laminating flat steel plates extending in the axial direction and the radial direction in the circumferential direction (tangential direction) as shown in FIGS. . On the other hand, in this embodiment, the corrugated steel sheet 300 curved in the circumferential direction is laminated in the circumferential direction (tangential direction) to constitute the rotor 2 and the stator magnetic pole segment. If it does in this way, the bending rigidity of the circumferential direction of the rotor 2 can be strengthened, and the vibration of the rotor 2 can be reduced. In accordance with the shape of the corrugated steel plate of the rotor 2, the shape of the stator magnetic pole can also be corrugated.

(Modification)
A modification is shown in FIG. In this aspect, the segment of the rotor 2 is constituted by the steel plate 300 bent in a triangular shape. In addition, the segment of the rotor 2 may be lightly curved into a lens shape.
(Example 16)
A motor of Example 16 will be described with reference to FIG.
This Example 16 is characterized by the shape of the steel plate constituting the segments (for example, 7 and 8) of the rotor 2 of the motors of Examples 6 to 15 shown in FIG. 300 is a steel plate constituting the segment 7 of the rotor 2, and 400 is a steel plate constituting the stator magnetic pole 31. A total of ten steel plates 300 are formed in the same shape, and a total of ten steel plates 400 are formed in the same shape. The steel plates 300 and 400 are arranged at substantially the same position in the radial direction at the circumferential center portions of the segments 7 and 31, and are relatively in the direction approaching the circular electromagnetic gap G in the radial direction at both circumferential ends of the segments 7 and 31. It is greatly shifted to. By arranging the steel plates 300 and 400 in this way, the width of the electromagnetic gap G between the segment 7 of the rotor 2 and the stator magnetic pole 31 can be made substantially equal using the steel plates 300 and 400 having the same shape.

(Example 17)
Example 17 will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment 17 is characterized in that the rotor of the reluctance motor described in each of the above embodiments is integrated with a radial compressor of an electric turbocharger. More specifically, this will be specifically described below. 800 is a radial compressor, and 900 is a motor. The radial compressor 800 includes a casing 801 and a rotary impeller 802 that is fitted to the rotary shaft 6 and is rotatably accommodated in the casing 801. The radial compressor itself is well known and will be described briefly.
The rotary impeller 802 includes a disk portion 803 having a substantially conical axial cross section fixed to the rotary shaft 6, and a large number of centrifugal blade portions (wing portions) 804 protruding substantially radially from the front end surface of the disk portion 803. Become. The rotary impeller 802 is made of a nonmagnetic alloy (for example, an aluminum alloy).

The casing 801 includes an inlet 805 that introduces air into the inner end of the centrifugal blade 804 and a ring-shaped differential that forms a discharge port through which a high-speed air flow flows from the outer end of the centrifugal blade 804. It has a user cylinder part 806, a partition part 807 extending along the tip of the centrifugal blade part 804, and a stator fixing part 808 to which a stator of a motor described later is fixed. The casing 801 is made of a nonmagnetic alloy (for example, an aluminum alloy).
The motor 900 is fixed to the stator fixing portion 808 of the casing 801 and arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction around the rotation shaft 6, and the motor 900 is fixed to the back surface of the disk portion 803 to fix the rotation shaft 6. And a rotor 902 including a large number of segments 910 and 911 arranged around at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. The stator partial core 901 and the rotor 902 are made of a soft magnetic material. Each stator partial core 901 constitutes a stator core referred to in the present invention.

One stator partial core 901 includes a radially outermost stator pole 903, a radially intermediate stator pole 904, a radially innermost stator pole 905, and the roots of these stator poles 903 to 905 are magnetically coupled. And a yoke 906 that is connected to the yoke 906. The stator partial cores 901 have a predetermined width in the circumferential direction, and the stator partial cores 901 are arranged in a ring shape at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction.
The stator magnetic poles 903 and 904 are separated from each other by a predetermined gap in the radial direction. Reference numeral 907 denotes a first-phase stator coil that is a ring coil, and is arranged in a ring shape around the rotating shaft 6 through the gap between the stator magnetic poles 903 and 904 of each stator partial core 901. Yes.

  The stator magnetic poles 904 and 905 are separated from each other by a predetermined gap in the radial direction. Reference numeral 908 denotes a second-phase stator coil that is a ring coil, and is arranged in a ring shape around the rotation shaft 6 through the gap between the stator magnetic poles 904 and 905 of each stator partial core 901. Yes. The intermediate stator magnetic pole 904 is wound with a field coil 909 (a portion painted black in FIG. 35) for making the stator magnetic pole 904 a DC magnetic pole. The stator magnetic poles 903 and 905 form alternating magnetic poles. A reverse phase AC voltage is applied to the stator coils 906 and 907 which are ring coils.

In this embodiment, the rotor 902 protrudes rearward in the axial direction from the back surface of the disk portion 803, and passes through the gap between the stator magnetic pole 903 and the stator magnetic pole 904 in the circumferential direction. A soft magnetic segment 911 that protrudes rearward in the axial direction from the back surface of 803 and can pass through the gap between the stator magnetic pole 904 and the stator magnetic pole 905 in the circumferential direction.
The segment 910 has a circumferential width substantially equal to the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole 903 or 904. The segment 911 has a circumferential width substantially equal to the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole 904 or 905. In this embodiment, the stator partial core 901 and the segments 910 and 911 are made of a soft magnetic powder sintered body, but steel plates may be laminated in the circumferential direction. The segments 910 and 911 are implanted in the rotary impeller 802 by insert molding.

As shown in FIG. 35, the radial width of the segments 910 and 911 is narrower toward the rear in the axial direction, and the radial width of the stator magnetic poles 903 to 905 is wider toward the rear in the axial direction. The electromagnetic gap between the stator magnetic poles 903 to 905 and the segments 910 and 911 is inclined obliquely with respect to the radial direction and the axial direction, and the minimum width of the electromagnetic gap is substantially constant.
The segment 910 and the segment 911 are arranged with an electrical angle π apart in the circumferential direction. The stator magnetic poles 903 to 905 are arranged linearly in the radial direction. When the segment 910 exists between the stator magnetic poles 903 and 904, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit that sequentially passes through the stator magnetic poles 903 and 904 and the yoke 906 decreases, and the inductance of the stator coil 907 increases. When the segment 910 does not exist between the stator magnetic poles 903 and 904, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit that sequentially passes through the stator magnetic poles 903 and 904 and the yoke 906 increases, and the inductance of the stator coil 907 decreases. Similarly, when the segment 911 exists between the stator magnetic poles 904 and 905, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit that sequentially passes through the stator magnetic poles 904 and 905 and the yoke 906 decreases, and the inductance of the stator coil 908 increases. When the segment 910 does not exist between the stator magnetic poles 904 and 905, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit that sequentially passes through the stator magnetic poles 904 and 905 and the yoke 906 increases, and the inductance of the stator coil 908 decreases. Therefore, when a direct current is applied to the field coil 909 wound around the stator magnetic pole 904, the DC magnetic flux flowing through the stator magnetic pole 904 flows toward the segment 910 or toward the segment 911.

  Obviously, the motor 900 corresponds to the motor in which the stator and the rotor of the above-described embodiment for explaining the third invention are rotated by 90 degrees, and the details and variations of the operation have been described in the above-described embodiment. Equivalent to the motor of the third invention. However, in this embodiment, since the electromagnetic gap area is increased by inserting the segments 910 and 911 forming the rotor between the stator magnetic poles 903 to 905, the current can be reduced by the amount of gain of the inductance. It is possible to rotate the pair of the stator magnetic pole and the rotor segment shown in FIG. 35 by 90 degrees to constitute the motor of the third invention, and to increase the inductance by the oblique electromagnetic gap to reduce the required current. . In FIG. 35, the casing 801 wraps other than the front end face of each stator magnetic pole, but the stator partial core 901 may be integrated with the casing 801 through an intermediate member fixed to the casing 801. In addition, in the motor of the third invention described above, a stator coil may be concentratedly wound around each stator partial core to form a multiphase motor. Furthermore, a rotor of a motor other than the motor of the third invention may be fixed to the back surface of the disk portion 803 of the rotary impeller 802 and a stator coil for forming a rotating magnetic field may be arranged facing the rotor, as in FIG. .

(Modification)
A modification will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 35, the electromagnetic gap between the stator magnetic poles 903 to 905 and the rotor 902 is provided obliquely, but this electromagnetic gap may be extended in the radial direction. A motor in which the electromagnetic gap is extended in the radial direction is known as an axial gap motor. When this axial gap motor is used to drive the radial compressor 800, the axial width of the motor can be shortened by shortening the axial width of the motor, so that the required axial length of the electric radial compressor shown in FIG. 35 is further shortened. be able to. An electric radial compressor using this axial gap motor will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 36 shows an axial gap motor as a reluctance motor 900 in which the electromagnetic gap G between the segments 910 and 911 fixed to the back surface of the disk portion 803 of the radial compressor 800 and the stator magnetic poles 903 to 905 extends in the radial direction. It is what.

The segments 910 and 911 forming the rotor 902 extend in the radial direction. Of course, the segment 910 and the segment 911 are shifted by an electrical angle π in the circumferential direction. Since this motor 900 is obtained by only rotating the embodiment of the motor 900 of the third invention described above by 90 degrees, further explanation is omitted.
It is understood that the axial length of the electric radial compressor can be greatly reduced by fixing the rotor of the axial gap motor to the back surface of the rotary impeller 802 of the radial compressor 800.

Since a normal radial compressor or electric turbocharger has a thrust bearing, the problem of maintaining the width of the electromagnetic gap, which is a problem with an axial gap motor, can be solved without problems. In the axial gap motor in which the rotor is fixed to the back surface of the rotary impeller 802, since the air flow flows in the radial direction through the electromagnetic gap G, the rotor and the stator magnetic pole can be cooled satisfactorily. It can be discharged to the outside. Particularly, since the segments 910 and 911 extending in the radial direction form a kind of centrifugal blade, the velocity energy of the air discharged radially outward from the segments 910 and 911 can be effectively used by the diff user.
(Modification)
In FIGS. 35 and 36 described above, an example of the reluctance motor 900 in which the soft magnetic segments 910 and 911 are fixed to the back surface of the rotary impeller 802 has been described. Apparently, it can also serve as the secondary coil of a squirrel-cage induction motor. The motor-integrated radial compressor of this embodiment described above is effective in reducing the size and inertia of the electric turbocharger and the electric micro gas turbine.

(Embodiment 18)
As a modification of the reluctance motor having the four stator magnetic poles and the two segments 21 and 22 described in the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 4), eight stator magnetic poles and four segments (low magnetic resistance portions) are provided. The eighteenth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Construction)
The motor of the eighteenth embodiment includes a stator 1010 fixed to a housing (not shown) and a rotor 1001 housed inside the stator 1010. The stator 1010 includes four DC magnetic poles 1012, 1013, four alternating magnetic poles 1014-1017, a stator core made of a laminated electrical steel sheet comprising a cylindrical yoke 1011 that magnetically connects them, and alternating magnetic poles 1014-1017. And a stator coil C wound around.

  The DC magnetic poles 1012, 1013 have a permanent magnet M. In the permanent magnet M, the front end surface of the DC magnetic pole 1012 is an N pole, and the front end surface of the DC magnetic pole 1013 is an S pole. In the drawings, the slot is also denoted by S, but the distinction between the slot, which is a gap between the stator magnetic poles, and the DC magnetic pole is well known. Alternating magnetic poles 1014 to 1017 are arranged one by one between the DC magnetic poles 1012, 1013. In this embodiment, the stator coil C includes a first phase coil wound around the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 and a second phase coil wound around the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017. In this embodiment, a first phase AC voltage is applied to the first phase coil, and a second phase AC voltage is applied to the second phase coil. The alternating magnetic poles 1014 to 1017 and the DC magnetic poles 1012 and 1013 are eight stator magnetic poles. The rotor 1001 includes a non-magnetic metal support cylinder portion 1002 fitted to a rotation shaft, four segments 1003a, 1003b, 1004a, 1004b made of laminated electromagnetic steel plates fixed to the support cylinder portion 1002, and a resin spacer 1006. Consists of.

  The support cylinder portion 1002 includes a cylindrical portion and four radially protruding portions that protrude radially outward from the cylindrical portion approximately every 90 degrees. The segments 1003a, 1003b, 1004a, and 1004b are disposed between two radially projecting portions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. Although not shown, actually, the radially projecting portion is unevenly fitted to the side surfaces of the segments 1003a, 1003b, 1004a, and 1004b to mechanically support the segments 1003a, 1003b, 1004a, and 1004b. . The nonmagnetic resin spacer 1006 is disposed adjacent to the radially projecting portion to reduce windage loss. In this embodiment, the circumferential widths of the tips of the DC magnetic poles 1012, 1013 and the alternating magnetic poles 1014-1017 are formed to be substantially equal.

  The segments 1003a and 1003b are arranged 180 degrees apart from each other, the segments 1004a and 1004b are arranged 180 degrees apart from each other, and the segments 1003a, 1003b, 1004a and 1004b are formed in a substantially arc shape and are arranged substantially 90 degrees apart from each other. ing. The stator facing surfaces of the segments 1004a and 1004b have a circumferential width that is shorter than the sum of the circumferential width of the rotor facing surfaces of the two stator magnetic poles and the circumferential width of the slot between the two stator magnetic poles. The stator facing surfaces of the segments 1003a and 1003b are larger than the sum of the circumferential width of the rotor facing surfaces of the two stator magnetic poles and the circumferential width of one slot, and the circumferential width of the rotor facing surfaces of the two stator magnetic poles. The circumferential width is smaller than the sum of the circumferential widths of the two slots. The slot is a coil accommodating gap between two adjacent stator magnetic poles.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of this motor will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the state of FIG. 37 will be described. By energizing the stator coil C, the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are set to S poles, and the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are set to N poles. In order to maximize the magnetic flux passing through the segments 1003a and 1003b having a short circumferential width, the circumferential centers of the segments 1004a and 1004b coincide with the circumferential centers of the slots and are stable. As a result, the tips in the clockwise direction of the segments 1004a and 1004b having a long circumferential width protrude from the DC magnetic pole 1013 into slots adjacent in the clockwise direction. The counterclockwise ends of the segments 1004a and 1004b substantially coincide with the counterclockwise ends of the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017. Since the magnetic flux flowing through the segments 1003a and 1003b sufficiently flows at this position, the magnetic attractive force in the circumferential direction acting on the segments 1003a and 1003b is small.

  Next, in FIG. 37, by energizing the stator coil C, the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are set to the N pole, and the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are set to the S pole (see FIG. 38). Since the facing DC magnetic pole 1012 and alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are N poles, the segments 1004a and 1004b are unstable. Similarly, since the facing DC magnetic pole 1013 and alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are S poles, the segments 1003a and 1003b are unstable. However, since the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b protrude into the slot, the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b are magnetically attracted to the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 adjacent in the clockwise direction. The segments 1003a and 1003b are thrust in the clockwise direction, and the rotor 1001 rotates 90 degrees to the state shown in FIG.

  Next, in FIG. 38, by energizing the stator coil C, the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are set to S poles, and the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are set to N poles (see FIG. 39). Since the facing DC magnetic pole 1012 and alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are N poles, the segments 1004a and 1004b are unstable. Similarly, since the facing DC magnetic pole 1013 and alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are S poles, the segments 1003a and 1003b are unstable. However, since the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b protrude into the slots, the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b are magnetically attracted to the DC magnetic pole 1012 adjacent in the clockwise direction. Thrust in the clockwise direction occurs in 1003a and 1003b, and the rotor 1001 rotates 90 degrees to the state shown in FIG.

Next, in FIG. 39, by energizing the stator coil C, the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are set to the N pole, and the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are set to the S pole (see FIG. 40). Since the facing DC magnetic pole 1012 and alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are N poles, the segments 1003a and 1003b are unstable. Similarly, since the facing DC magnetic pole 1013 and alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are S poles, the segments 1004a and 1004b are unstable. However, since the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b protrude into the slots, the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b are magnetically attracted to the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 adjacent in the clockwise direction. The segments 1003a and 1003b are thrust in the clockwise direction, and the rotor 1001 rotates 90 degrees to the state shown in FIG.
Next, in FIG. 40, by energizing the stator coil C, the alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are set to the S poles, and the alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are set to the N poles (see FIG. 37). Since the facing DC magnetic pole 1012 and alternating magnetic poles 1015 and 1017 are N poles, the segments 1003a and 1003b are unstable. Similarly, since the facing DC magnetic pole 1013 and alternating magnetic poles 1014 and 1016 are S poles, the segments 1004a and 1004b are unstable. However, since the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b protrude into the slots, the clockwise tips of the segments 1003a and 1003b are magnetically attracted to the DC magnetic pole 1013 adjacent in the clockwise direction. Thrust in the clockwise direction occurs in 1003a and 1003b, and the rotor 1001 rotates 90 degrees to the state shown in FIG.

After all, in this embodiment, since the circumferential width of the segments 1003a and 1003b is shorter than the circumferential width of the segments 1004a and 1004b, the rotor 1001 has a maximum amount of magnetic flux passing through the segments 1003a and 1003b. In this state, the magnetoresistance between the clockwise tip of the segments 1004a and 1004b and the next stator pole is the magnetoresistance between the counterclockwise tip of the segments 1004a and 1004b and the next stator pole. Therefore, the rotor rotation direction when the coil energization direction is changed can be determined.
The stator magnetic poles referred to above are so-called teeth. In this embodiment, a magnetic pole having a permanent magnet provided on the inner end face of the stator magnetic pole is used as the DC magnetic pole. However, the permanent magnet may be embedded inside the stator magnetic pole, or a direct current may be used instead of the magnet magnetic pole. Of course, the flowing field coil may be wound around the DC magnetic pole.

  The effect of each embodiment will be further described. In the SRM described in each of the above embodiments, the stator has stator magnetic poles arranged at a predetermined pitch (for example, electrical angle π) in the circumferential direction, and the rotor magnetically connects two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. Have soft magnetic segments that are sequentially short-circuited. Each segment is spatially or magnetically separated. For this reason, the amount of large specific gravity iron-based material used in the rotor is small, the inertia of the rotor can be reduced, the rotational response can be improved, and the motor weight can also be reduced. This means that the motor of each embodiment is suitable as an electric turbocharger that requires low inertia and an in-wheel motor that requires unsprung weight reduction. This effect is further effective when the number of stator magnetic poles is increased to increase the number of poles. As a result, the amount of magnetic flux per stator magnetic pole is reduced, and the segments and the yoke on the stator core side can be further miniaturized. Further, since the motor of each embodiment does not have a permanent magnet or coil on the rotor side, it has an advantage that the structure is simple, it is strong against vibration and external impact, and there is no resistance loss of secondary current.

However, a reluctance motor is a motor that uses magnet magnetic flux or field coil magnetic flux because, in principle, torque is generated using the inductance difference between the high magnetic resistance portion and the low magnetic resistance portion in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Compared to, there is a problem that the output per unit size is small in principle. This problem is greatly improved by using a part of the stator magnetic pole as a DC magnetic pole that generates a magnetic flux or a field coil magnetic flux and switching the DC magnetic flux to an alternating magnetic pole on both sides of the DC magnetic pole by rotating the rotor segment. The
The torque of the motor is generated by the circumferential distortion of the rotating magnetic field formed in the electromagnetic gap. When the rotating magnetic field distortion is formed by a permanent magnet magnetic field, the power loss for that is zero. Further, when the distortion of the magnetic field is formed by the field coil magnetic field, the power loss for that can be greatly reduced compared to that of the armature coil through which an alternating current flows because the field coil can be multi-turned.
Next, Embodiments 19 to 27 will be described. The code | symbol used for description of these Examples 19-27 is unrelated to the code | symbol used for description of said Examples 1-18.

(Embodiment 19)
The motor of Embodiment 19 will be described with reference to FIG.
(Construction)
FIG. 41 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the radial direction of an inner rotor type SRM. Reference numeral 1 is a stator, 2 is a rotor, and 3 is a rotating shaft. The stator 1 has a cylindrical stator core 4 and a stator coil 5 wound around the stator core 4. The stator 1 is fixed to a motor frame (not shown). The stator core 4 has six stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 that protrude radially inward at a pitch of 60 degrees. The circumferential width of the tip portions of the stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 is Ws, and the circumferential width of the slot opening between two adjacent stator magnetic poles is Wg. The stator coil 5 has six phase coils 51 to 56 individually and concentratedly wound around the stator magnetic poles 41 to 46. The front end portion of each stator magnetic pole has a flange portion that protrudes in the circumferential direction and narrows the slot opening. The stator core 4 is formed of electromagnetic steel plates laminated in the axial direction.

The rotor 2 is housed inside the cylindrical stator 1 in the radial direction, and is fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 3. Both ends of the rotating shaft 3 are rotatably supported by the housing. The rotor 2 includes a boss portion 20 made of a nonmagnetic metal that is fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 3, and soft magnetic segments 21 and 22 that are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 20.
The outer peripheral surfaces of the segments 21 and 22 are formed in an arc shape to constitute the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2. In this embodiment, the circumferential width of the segments 21 and 22 is approximately twice the stator magnetic pole width Ws + twice the slot circumferential width Wg. That is, the circumferential widths of the segments 21 and 22 are set to twice the stator pitch. The circumferential widths of the segments 21 and 22 are 2 Ws + 1 Wg to 3 Ws + 3 Wg, and more preferably 2 Ws + 2 Wg to 2 Ws + 3 Wg. The segments 21 and 22 are magnetically separated by the boss portion 20.

(action mode)
The operation mode 1 of this SRM will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Stable state A)
In the stable state A shown in FIG. 41, the phase current Iu is applied to the phase coils 51, 54, the phase current Iv is applied to the phase coils 52, 55, and the stator magnetic poles 41, 42, 44, 45 are excited. is there. The stator magnetic poles 41 and 45 are excited to the N pole, and the stator magnetic poles 42 and 44 are excited to the S pole. The phase current Iw is zero. The segments 21 and 22 are attracted to the stator magnetic poles 41, 42, 44, and 45, and are stably held at the positions shown in FIG.
(Rotation state B)
Next, the phase current Iu is decreased and the phase current Iw is increased. However, the phase current Iw excites the stator magnetic pole 43 to the N pole and the stator magnetic pole 46 to the S pole.
The segment 21 receives a force in the clockwise direction so as to move away from the N pole of the stator magnetic pole 41 to be attenuated and approach the stator magnetic pole 43 due to the influence of the increasing N pole of the stator magnetic pole 43. Similarly, the segment 22 is separated from the S pole of the stator magnetic pole 44 by the influence of the increasing S pole of the stator magnetic pole 46, and receives a force in the clockwise direction so as to approach the stator magnetic pole 46. As a result, it rotates 60 degrees to the position shown in FIG.

The important point here is that although the inductance change of the phase coils 52 and 55 through which the phase current Iv flows is small, the magnetic field generated by the phase current Iv cooperates with the magnetic field generated by the phase current Iw, and the segment and the stator magnetic pole. The magnetic field in the gap between the two is strengthened to generate a magnetic attractive force.
However, since the phase current Iu no longer generates a rotational force during this period, resistance loss called copper loss and heat generation due thereto can be reduced if it is rapidly reduced. Conversely, the phase current Iw forms a magnetic field that attracts the segments 21 and 22 during this period, so that the torque can be increased if it is increased rapidly. However, since a sudden change in phase current causes an increase in iron loss due to a local sudden change in magnetic flux, the phase current increase waveform during the phase current startup period should be set in consideration of various advantages and disadvantages. In the SRM, the phase current decrease waveform during the phase current falling period generally takes the form of a regenerative current due to the accumulated energy of the phase coil. Eventually, the phase current is not an alternating current but a substantially trapezoidal DC current.

(Stable state C)
The stable state C shown in FIG. 42 is a state in which the phase currents Iv are supplied to the phase coils 52 and 55, the phase current Iw is supplied to the phase coils 53 and 56, and the stator magnetic poles 42, 43, 45, and 46 are excited. is there. The stator magnetic poles 43 and 45 are excited to the N pole, and the stator magnetic poles 42 and 46 are excited to the S pole. The phase current Iu is zero. The segments 21 and 22 are attracted to the stator magnetic poles 42, 43, 45, and 46, and are stably held at the positions shown in FIG.
(Rotation state D)
Next, the phase current Iv is decreased and the phase current Iu is increased. However, the phase current Iu excites the stator magnetic pole 41 to the N pole and the stator magnetic pole 44 to the S pole. The segment 21 receives a force in the clockwise direction so as to move away from the S pole of the damped stator pole 42 and approach the stator pole 44 due to the influence of the S pole of the increasing stator pole 44. Similarly, the segment 22 is separated from the N pole of the stator magnetic pole 45 by the influence of the increasing N pole of the stator magnetic pole 41, and receives a force in the clockwise direction so as to approach the stator magnetic pole 41. As a result, it rotates 60 degrees to the position shown in FIG. Other matters are essentially the same as in the rotation state B.

(Stable state E)
A stable state E shown in FIG. 43 is a state in which the phase currents Iv are supplied to the phase coils 53 and 56, the phase currents Iu are supplied to the phase coils 51 and 54, and the stator magnetic poles 43, 44, 46, and 41 are excited. is there. The stator magnetic poles 41 and 43 are excited to the N pole, and the stator magnetic poles 44 and 46 are excited to the S pole. The phase current Iw is zero. The segments 21 and 22 are attracted to the stator magnetic poles 43, 44, 46, and 41 and are stably held at the positions shown in FIG.
(Rotation state F)
Next, the phase current Iw is decreased and the phase current Iv is increased. However, the phase current Iv excites the stator magnetic pole 42 to the S pole and the stator magnetic pole 45 to the N pole. The segment 21 is separated from the N pole of the stator magnetic pole 43 by the influence of the increasing N pole of the stator magnetic pole 45, and receives a force in the clockwise direction so as to approach the stator magnetic pole 45. Similarly, the segment 22 receives a force in the clockwise direction so as to move away from the S pole of the damped stator pole 46 and approach the stator pole 42 due to the influence of the increasing S pole of the stator pole 42. As a result, it rotates 60 degrees to the position shown in FIG. Other matters are essentially the same as in the rotation state B.
44 shows the inductance of each phase coil and the waveform of each phase current.

(Modification)
The relationship between the phase current rising period, the falling period, and the inductance waveform can be variously set, and the phase current rising waveform and falling waveform can be variously changed. For example, in order to prevent reverse torque, it is preferable that the fall of the phase current is completed before the period in which the inductance decreases. The circumferential width Ws and the inter-pole gap Wg of the stator magnetic pole can be variously changed. The circumferential width of the segments 21 and 22 is larger than 2Ws + 1Wg, smaller than 3Ws + 3Wg, preferably larger than 2Ws + 2Wg, and more preferably substantially equal to 2Ws + 3Wg. Thereby, since the segment can extend to the vicinity of the stator magnetic pole that faces next, the magnetic attractive force that the stator magnetic pole that faces next can attract the segment can be increased. The gap between electrodes Wg is preferably as small as possible. Instead of concentrated winding phase coils, full-pitch winding may be employed if the coil end swells, or concentrated winding and full-pitch winding may be combined, or toroidal winding may be employed.

  In the above embodiment, each phase current Iu, Iv, Iw is a DC pulse current having a trapezoidal waveform as shown in FIG. 44. However, in the period when the phase current is 0 (for example, in the phase current Iu, the negative current is further increased in the B period). In the above embodiment, the structure of 6 stator poles and 2 segments has been described, but 9 stator poles, 3 segments, 12 stator poles, 4 segments, etc. are also possible. Is preferably energized with the three-phase direct current shown in FIG.

(Example effect)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 44, for example, the phase current Iu flows for a long period from the time when the front end of the stator magnetic pole 41 reaches the front end of the segment 21 until the rear end of the segment reaches the rear end of the stator magnetic pole. be able to. In a state in which the segment 21 completely faces the stator magnetic pole 41, the magnetic flux flowing from the stator magnetic pole 41 to the segment 21 flows from the state flowing to the rear stator magnetic pole 46 to the front stator magnetic pole 42. Switch to the state. That is, the flux direction of the stator magnetic pole 41 is switched in the circumferential direction inside the segment 21. For this reason, in a state where the segment 21 is entirely facing the stator magnetic pole 41, the inductance of the phase coil 51 wound around the stator magnetic pole 41 is maintained at a substantially maximum value for a long time. This means that the phase current Iu is turned off and a regeneration period in which the regenerative current flows from the phase coil 51 can be sufficiently secured. This means that the energization period of the phase current Iu before this regeneration period can be secured for a long time, and the torque can be increased. That is, compared with the conventional SRM shown in FIG. 45, it is not necessary to suddenly turn off the phase current in the vicinity of the time when the inductance becomes maximum.

  For example, when the phase current Iu is applied for a long time and magnetic flux is supplied from the stator magnetic pole 41 to the segment 22 during the rotation period from the state of FIG. 43 to the state of FIG. 41, this magnetic flux flows to the stator magnetic pole 46 behind the stator magnetic pole 41. It appears that the stator poles 46 attract the segments 22 backward. However, during this period, the front stator magnetic pole 42 sucks the magnetic flux from the segment 22, so the magnetic flux supplied from the stator magnetic pole 41 to the segment 22 flows to the stator magnetic pole 42 side, and such reverse torque is It hardly occurs. That is, in this embodiment, the period during which a current effective for torque flows can be lengthened. However, the outer peripheral surfaces of the segments 21 and 22 facing the stator magnetic pole should be kept as a small magnetic resistance between the stator magnetic pole 41 and the segment as a partial cylindrical surface in this radial gap type.

(Comparison with conventional SRM)
The conventional SRM-A shown in FIG. 45 is compared with the SRM-B of this embodiment shown in FIG. In SRM-A, it is necessary to switch the energized phase every 30 degrees, but in SRM-B, the energized phase is switched every 60 degrees. This is because one stator magnetic pole of the SRM-B has a large circumferential width, and therefore the inductance increase period of the phase coil is long. For this reason, the frequency | count of switching of a motor drive circuit is reduced by half, and the useless loss of an inverter does not generate | occur | produce. Also, iron loss is reduced because the spatial switching frequency of the magnetic flux is reduced. Furthermore, since the energization period is long, the current rise period and the current fall period cannot be secured sufficiently long particularly during high-speed rotation, so that the problem that the torque is reduced can also be improved. 45, since the magnetic path length in the yoke 40 is longer than that of the SRM-B, the SRM-A has a larger iron loss, increased vibration, and the magnetic flux flows in the radial direction. The noise is loud. The disadvantage of SRM-B is that in FIG. 41, it is necessary to simultaneously excite the four gaps between the stator poles and the segments. In contrast, in the conventional SRM-A, two gaps may be excited simultaneously. In addition, in SRM-B, the rotational inertial mass of the rotor can be reduced, and heat dissipation is also promoted through the boss portion 20, which is very useful in practice. Further, in SRM-B, for example, since the degree of freedom in setting the falling period of the phase current Iw is high, the falling period of the phase current Iw can be favorably overlapped with the rising period of the phase current Iv. it can. For this reason, torque ripple can be reduced. On the other hand, in SRM-A, it is difficult to satisfactorily overlap such a phase current rising period and falling period.

  When each phase coil is concentratedly wound around each stator magnetic pole, the following effects are produced. That is, just before the area facing the segment starts to decrease, in a normal basic SRM (for example, an SRM having 6 stator poles and 4 rotor poles), a phase in which a large back electromotive force voltage is interrupted by accumulated magnetic energy. It is necessary to regenerate the magnetic energy generated in the coil to the DC power source by two diodes. However, in the segment type SRM in which each phase coil is concentratedly wound around each stator magnetic pole, for example, when the current of the U phase coil 51 in FIG. 41 is cut off, this U phase coil 51 is strongly magnetic with the adjacent V phase coil 52. These are combined to form a so-called transformer. Further, the V-phase coil 52 is connected to the DC power source with a low resistance through the V-phase switching element that is turned on. Therefore, the magnetic energy generates a regenerative current due to the magnetic energy in the V-phase coil through the V-phase switching element that is turned on. This regenerative current works in a direction to increase the V-phase current flowing in the V-phase coil 51. At the same time, energization of the W-phase coil is started, and the magnetic flux linked with the V-phase coil and the W-phase coil is increased by the W-phase current. In the V-phase coil, a counter electromotive force that resists the increase in the W-phase magnetic flux is generated to try to reduce the V-phase current. Eventually, the fluctuation of the V-phase current is suppressed as the sum of these.

(Embodiment 20)
A preferred embodiment 20 of the segment type SRM of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This segment type SRM has 12 stator magnetic poles and four segments, and constitutes a three-phase segment type SRM.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a stator fixed to a housing (not shown), and reference numeral 2 denotes a rotor 2 housed inside the stator 1. The stator 1 has a stator core formed of electromagnetic steel plates laminated in the axial direction. This stator core has six DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F and six alternating magnetic poles 11 to 16 that are magnetically connected by a cylindrical yoke, alternately in the circumferential direction at a pitch of 30 degrees in the circumferential direction. The stator magnetic poles 10A to 10F and 11 to 16 are so-called magnetic salient poles. An exciting coil 10 that is a DC coil is concentratedly wound around each of the six DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F. Instead of concentrated winding of the exciting coil 10, permanent magnets may be provided on the DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F. As a result, the front end surfaces of the DC magnetic poles 10A, 10C, and 10E are magnetized to the S pole, and the front end surfaces of the DC magnetic poles 10B, 10D, and 10F are magnetized to the N pole. A U-phase AC winding (hereinafter referred to as an AC coil) U is concentrated on the alternating magnetic poles 13 and 16, a W-phase AC coil W is wound on the alternating magnetic poles 11 and 14, and a V-phase AC coil W is concentrated on the alternating magnetic poles 12 and 15. Has been. The rotor 2 has segments 21 to 24 formed of electromagnetic steel plates laminated in the axial direction. The segments 21 to 24 are rotor segments that form rotor magnetic poles. The circumferential width of the segments 21 to 24 is preferably about twice the stator magnetic pole pitch.

The segments 21-24 are being fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the boss | hub part 20 formed with the lightweight nonmagnetic metal. The boss portion 20 is fitted and fixed to the rotating shaft 3. Segments 21-24 are 90 degrees apart from each other.
The operation of this three-phase segment type SRM will be described with reference to FIGS. At time t0 (FIG. 46), by energizing the coil W, the alternating magnetic pole 11 is magnetized to the N pole and the alternating magnetic pole 14 is magnetized to the S pole. As a result, the segment 21 is attracted to the alternating magnetic pole 11 by the combined magnetic field between the alternating magnetic pole 11 and the DC magnetic pole 10A. Similarly, the segment 23 is attracted to the alternating magnetic pole 14 by the combined magnetic field of the alternating magnetic pole 14 and the DC magnetic pole 10D. By energizing the coil V, the alternating magnetic pole 12 is magnetized to the N pole and the alternating magnetic pole 15 is magnetized to the S pole. Accordingly, the segment 22 is attracted to the DC magnetic pole 10C by the combined magnetic field between the alternating magnetic pole 12 and the DC magnetic pole 10C. Similarly, the segment 24 is attracted to the DC magnetic pole 10F by the combined magnetic field of the alternating magnetic pole 15 and the DC magnetic pole 10F. As a result, all the segments 21 to 24 are biased counterclockwise, and the rotor 2 reaches the position shown in FIG.

  At time t1 (FIG. 47), when the coil W is energized, the alternating magnetic pole 11 is magnetized to the S pole and the alternating magnetic pole 14 is magnetized to the N pole. As a result, the segment 21 is attracted to the DC magnetic pole 10B by the combined magnetic field between the alternating magnetic pole 11 and the DC magnetic pole 10B. Similarly, the segment 23 is attracted to the DC magnetic pole 10E by the combined magnetic field of the alternating magnetic pole 14 and the DC magnetic pole 10E. By energizing the coil U, the alternating magnetic pole 13 is magnetized to the N pole and the alternating magnetic pole 16 is magnetized to the S pole. As a result, the segment 22 is attracted to the alternating magnetic pole 13 by the combined magnetic field between the alternating magnetic pole 13 and the DC magnetic pole 10C. Similarly, the segment 24 is attracted to the alternating magnetic pole 16 by the combined magnetic field of the alternating magnetic pole 16 and the DC magnetic pole 10F. As a result, all the segments 21 to 24 are biased counterclockwise, and the rotor 2 reaches the position shown in FIG.

  At time t2 (FIG. 48), when the coil U is energized, the alternating magnetic pole 13 is magnetized to the S pole and the alternating magnetic pole 16 is magnetized to the N pole. As a result, the segment 22 is attracted to the DC magnetic pole 10D by the combined magnetic field between the alternating magnetic pole 13 and the DC magnetic pole 10D. Similarly, the segment 24 is attracted to the DC magnetic pole 10A by the combined magnetic field of the alternating magnetic pole 16 and the DC magnetic pole 10A. Further, by energizing the coil V, the alternating magnetic pole 12 is magnetized to the S pole and the alternating magnetic pole 15 is magnetized to the N pole. As a result, the segment 21 is attracted to the alternating magnetic pole 12 by the combined magnetic field between the alternating magnetic pole 12 and the DC magnetic pole 10B. Similarly, the segment 23 is attracted to the alternating magnetic pole 15 by the combined magnetic field of the alternating magnetic pole 15 and the DC magnetic pole 10E. As a result, all the segments 21 to 24 are biased counterclockwise, and the rotor 2 reaches the position shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, the reluctance torque is generated by energizing the AC windings (AC coils) U, V, and W during the inductance increase period Ti. The energization direction is a direction in which the alternating magnetic poles 11 to 16 are magnetized in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the adjacent DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F across the front ends of the segments 21 to 24. For this reason, the magnetic field in the vicinity of the front ends of the segments 21 to 24 can be made the same direction addition magnetic field of the alternating magnetic poles 11 to 16 and the DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F.
Two U-phase coils U are connected in series, two V-phase coils V are also connected in series, and two W-phase coils W are also connected in series. These U-phase coil U, V-phase coil V, and W-phase coil W can be fed from different full-bridge single-phase inverters. Each exciting coil 10 is connected in series. A direct current PWM-controlled by a current control switch (not shown) is energized to each exciting coil 10. As a result, the induced electromotive forces due to the magnetic flux changes of the respective excitation coils 10 are canceled out. This segment type SRM can also be used as a generator because the DC magnetic pole always generates magnetic flux. The generated voltage is controlled by controlling the current of the exciting coil (DC winding) 10.

FIG. 49 shows the waveforms of the three-phase alternating currents Iu, Iv, and Iw that are passed through the three-phase coils U, V, and W and the inductance of the three-phase alternating magnetic poles. Lu is the inductance of the alternating magnetic poles 13 and 16, Lv is the inductance of the alternating magnetic poles 12 and 15, and Lw is the inductance of the alternating magnetic poles 11 and 14.
Currents Iv and Iw have reverse waveforms at time points t0 to t1, currents Iu and Iw have reverse waveforms at time points t1 to t2, and currents Iw and Iu have reverse waveforms at time points t2 to t0. It can be seen that three-phase alternating currents Iu, Iv, and Iw can be generated. That is, the switching element of the W-phase upper arm and the switching element of the V-phase lower arm of the three-phase inverter are turned on at the time t0 to t1, and the switching element of the U-phase upper arm and the lower W-phase of the three-phase inverter at the time t1 to t2. The arm switching element is turned on, and the switching element of the V-phase upper arm and the switching element of the U-phase lower arm of the three-phase inverter may be turned on from time t2 to t0.
The segment SRM of this embodiment has almost the same structure as the segment type SynRM of Nishimura, but has the advantage that the rotor segment can be halved and the SRM can be driven. For this reason, since the space | interval of the circumferential direction between rotor segments can be expanded, the magnetic flux leakage between rotor segments can be reduced. Furthermore, the segment type SRM of this embodiment can be driven by a 120-degree conduction type three-phase inverter.

(Embodiment 21)
Embodiment 21 which is a preferred embodiment of the segment type SRM of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This segment type SRM has six stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 and four rotor magnetic poles 21 to 24. This segment type SRM can also be used as a generator. The rotor magnetic pole pitch is an electrical angle of 2π. This segment type SRM is characterized in that a DC winding (DC coil) through which a DC current flows and an AC winding (AC coil) through which an AC current flows are concentratedly wound around each stator magnetic pole. This rotating electric machine is called a double coil type SRM. Since this double coil type SRM has a DC coil, it can be used as a generator.

This segment type SRM has a stator 1 fixed to a housing (not shown) and a rotor 200 housed inside the stator 1. The stator 1 has a stator core 4 formed of laminated electromagnetic steel sheets. The stator core 4 has six stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 that are magnetically connected by a cylindrical yoke. The rotor 2 has four rotor magnetic poles 21 to 24 and is formed of laminated electromagnetic steel plates. The root portions of the rotor magnetic poles 21 to 24 are magnetically short-circuited by a cylindrical rotor yoke, and the rotor 200 is fitted and fixed to the rotating shaft 3.
The rotor magnetic poles 21 to 24, which are magnetic salient poles, are arranged 90 degrees apart in the circumferential direction, and the six stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 are arranged 60 degrees apart in the circumferential direction. The circumferential width of the stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 is approximately 30 degrees, and the circumferential width of the magnetic pole gap (slot) between the stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 is also approximately 30 degrees. U-phase current Iuac is energized to U-phase coils 51 and 54 concentratedly wound around stator magnetic poles 41 and 44. V-phase current Ivac is applied to V-phase coils 52 and 55 concentratedly wound around stator magnetic poles 42 and 45. W-phase current Iwac is applied to W-phase coils 53 and 56 concentratedly wound around stator magnetic poles 43 and 46. Each phase coil 51-56 is an AC coil. DC coils 61 to 66 to which a DC current Idc is energized are concentratedly wound around the stator magnetic poles 41 to 46. When the rotor magnetic pole pitch is an electrical angle of 2π, the stator magnetic pole pitch is an electrical angle of 4 / 3π.

The DC coils 61 to 66 are connected in series and are supplied with a predetermined direct current Idc. Thus, if the phase currents Iuac, Ivac, and Iwac are 0, the tips of the stator magnetic poles 41, 43, and 45 are magnetized to the N pole, and the tips of the stator magnetic poles 42, 44, and 46 are magnetized to the S pole (see FIG. 51).
The electric operation of this double coil type SRM will be described.
At time t0 (FIG. 50), a current flows in the AC coils 51, 52, 54, and 55 in a direction that cancels out the magnetic field formed in the stator magnetic poles 41, 42, 44, and 46 by the DC coils 61, 62, 64, and 65. It is. The magnetic field (ampere turn) formed by the AC coils 51, 52, 54, and 55 cancels (or weakens) the magnetic field (ampere turn) formed by the adjacent DC coils 61, 62, 64, and 65. A current is passed through the AC coils 53 and 56 in the direction of increasing the magnetic field of the DC coils 63 and 66 wound around the stator magnetic poles 43 and 46. As a result, the stator magnetic pole 43 that is strongly magnetized and becomes the N pole attracts the rotor magnetic pole 23, the stator magnetic pole 46 that is strongly magnetized and becomes the S pole attracts the rotor magnetic pole 21, and the rotor 200 is counterclockwise. Rotates to the state shown in FIG.

  At time t1 (FIG. 51), a current is passed through the AC coils 52, 53, 55, and 56 in a direction that cancels out the magnetic field formed on the stator magnetic poles 42, 43, 45, and 46 by the DC coils 62, 63, 65, and 66. . The ampere turn of the AC coils 52, 53, 55, 56 cancels (or weakens) the ampere turn of the adjacently wound DC coils 62, 63, 65, 66. Current is passed through the AC coils 51 and 54 in the direction in which the magnetic fields of the DC coils 61 and 64 wound around the stator magnetic poles 41 and 44 are strengthened. As a result, the stator magnetic pole 41 that is strongly magnetized and becomes the N pole attracts the rotor magnetic pole 24, the stator magnetic pole 44 that is strongly magnetized and becomes the S pole attracts the rotor magnetic pole 22, and the rotor 200 is rotated counterclockwise. It rotates and it will be in the state of FIG.

At time t2 (FIG. 52), a current is passed through the AC coils 51, 53, 54, and 56 in a direction that cancels out the magnetic field formed on the stator magnetic poles 41, 43, 44, and 46 by the DC coils 61, 63, 64, and 66. . The ampere turn of the AC coils 51, 53, 54, 56 cancels (or weakens) the ampere turn of the DC coils 61, 63, 64, 66 wound adjacently. An electric current is passed through the AC coils 52 and 55 in the direction of increasing the magnetic field of the DC coils 62 and 65 wound around the stator magnetic poles 42 and 45. As a result, the stator pole 42 that is strongly magnetized and becomes the S pole attracts the rotor pole 23, the stator pole 45 that is strongly magnetized and becomes the N pole attracts the rotor pole 21, and the rotor 200 is counterclockwise. It rotates and it will be in the state of FIG.
FIG. 53 shows waveforms of the respective phase currents Iu, Iv, Iw and the stator magnetic pole inductance of each phase. The direct current and the alternating current are controlled by a motor controller (not shown).

The motor controller sequentially obtains the ampere turn of the stator magnetic pole to be energized during the inductance increase period of each AC coil based on the torque command input from the outside, and the same stator magnetic pole as this AC coil from the obtained ampere turn command. The ampere turn of the AC coil is calculated by subtracting the ampere turn of the DC coil wound around the AC coil. Next, the alternating current (Iac) to be passed through the AC coil is calculated by dividing the calculated ampere turn of the AC coil by the turn of the AC coil.
This will be described in more detail.
An AC current flowing through one AC coil concentratedly wound around one stator magnetic pole is defined as Iac, and a DC current flowing through one DC coil concentratedly wound around the same stator magnetic pole is defined as Idc. The AC current Iac that flows during the period Tc during which the inductance does not change (t1 to t2 for the U phase) and the inductance decrease period Td (t0 to t1 for the U phase) is regarded as a negative current, and the AC current Iac that flows during the inductance increase period Ti is a positive current. It is considered. The amplitude of the negative current flowing in the periods Tc and Td is about half of the amplitude of the positive current flowing in the period Ti (t2 to t0 in the U phase). Thereby, an alternating current can be supplied to the AC coils 51 to 56.

A negative current, particularly a negative current flowing during the inductance reduction period Td, generates a negative torque. For this reason, the magnetic field (ampere turn) due to the negative current during the period other than the inductance increasing period Ti, particularly the inductance decreasing period Td, is canceled by the magnetic field (ampere turn) due to the DC current Idc (illustrated by a broken line in FIG. 53). Is preferred. That is, the ampere turns of the DC coils 51 to 56 are obtained by dividing the ampere turns of the AC coils 51 to 56 by the number of turns of the DC coils 51 to 56 during the periods Tc and Td. As a result, the magnetic flux generated by the stator magnetic poles 41 to 46 during the periods Tc and Td becomes almost zero.
In the power generation operation, the generated voltage generated by the AC coils 51 to 56 can be controlled by PWM control of the direct current flowing through the DC coils 61 to 66.

  AC coils 51 and 54 are connected in series to form a U-phase coil, AC coils 52 and 55 are connected in series to form a V-phase coil, and AC coils 53 and 56 are connected in series to form a W-phase coil. ing. When the alternating current flowing through the AC coils 51 to 56 is added, it becomes 0, so that the U-phase coil, the V-phase coil, and the W-phase coil can be connected in a three-phase star shape. As a result, these U-phase coil, V-phase coil and W-phase coil can be driven by a three-phase inverter circuit (see FIG. 54A) having a simple configuration. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 53, at time points t0 to t1, a positive current flows in the V phase, and a negative current half of the V phase current flows in the U phase and the W phase. From time t1 to t2, a positive current flows in the W phase, and a negative current that is half the W phase current flows in the U phase and the V phase. From time t2 to t0, a positive current flows in the U phase, and a negative current that is half the U phase current flows in the V phase and the W phase.

Therefore, the switching elements of the V-phase upper arm and the switching elements of the U-phase and W-phase lower arms of the three-phase inverter 21 are turned on at time t0 to t1. At time t1 to t2, the switching element of the W-phase upper arm and the switching element of the U-phase and V-phase lower arms are turned on. At time t2 to t0, the switching element of the U-phase upper arm and the switching element of the V-phase and W-phase lower arms are turned on. Thereby, the alternating current of each phase shown in FIG. 53 can be supplied to the AC coil of the segment type SRM of this embodiment.
The DC coils 61 to 66 are connected in series as shown in FIG. 54B and are PWM-controlled by the current control switch 23 (see FIG. 20. AC current bypass in parallel with the DC coils 51 to 56 connected in series. Accordingly, a portion of the AC voltage induced in each of the DC coils 61 to 66 that cannot be canceled flows through the capacitor 24 together with the switching noise voltage of the current control switch 23. The adverse effect on the DC power supply Vd can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the stator magnetic pole is strongly excited by both the AC coil and the DC coil during the inductance increase period, and the AC coil current and the DC coil current are reversed in the other period, particularly the inductance decrease period Td. It is hardly magnetized. For this reason, reverse torque hardly occurs in the periods Tc and Td. Note that the U-phase coil, V-phase coil, and W-phase coil may be driven independently from each other by independent full-bridge single-phase inverters.
In this embodiment, since an alternating current and a direct current are passed through the same stator magnetic poles in the opposite directions during the periods Tc and Td, it seems that wasteful copper loss occurs and the efficiency decreases. However, this problem is greatly reduced because the resistance loss can be greatly reduced by increasing the number of turns of the DC coil.

(Modification 1)
In this variation, the motor controller has a high efficiency operation mode and a large torque operation mode. In the high-efficiency operation mode, the ampere turn of the AC coil and the ampere turn of the DC coil are substantially equal (equal to 90% or more) in the above-described periods Tc and Td, and the direction of the ampere turn is reversed. Thereby, reverse torque and loss can be reduced.
In the large torque operation mode, the ampere turn of the AC coil is made 10-50% larger than the ampere turn of the DC coil. In this way, reverse torque is generated in the periods Tc and Td. That is, during the periods Tc and Td, the value obtained by dividing the difference between the ampere turn of the AC coil and the ampere turn of the DC coil by the number of turns of the AC coil is the equivalent current value I of the AC coil. The reverse torque can be calculated from the reluctance torque equation ((dL / dθ) · I · I).

  On the other hand, when the equivalent current value obtained by dividing the sum of the ampere turns of the DC coil and the AC coil by the number of turns of the AC coil is I, the positive torque in the period Ti is an expression of reluctance torque ((dL / dθ) It can be calculated from I · I). Assuming that the number of turns of the DC coil is equal to the number of turns of the AC coil, the motor torque is ((dL / dθ) · (Iac + Idc) · (Iac + Idc)). That is, the reverse torque is generated in the periods Tc and Td (particularly the period Td), but the current value (Iac + Idc) in the period T is increased, so that the average torque can be increased. In the above description, L is the inductance of the AC coil, and θ is the rotor rotation angle θ.

In the double coil SRM of this embodiment, each of the rotor magnetic poles 21 to 24 of the rotor 200 is magnetically short-circuited by a cylindrical rotor yoke. It is possible to pass an alternating current through the AC coil. In this case, the ampere turn in the period other than the AC coil inductance increase period Ti is set to cancel the ampere turn of the DC coil.
(Modification 2)
In the double coil type SRM of this embodiment, each stator pole may be equipped with a permanent magnet in order to reduce the DC coil current.

(Example 22)
The twenty-second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment shows a motor drive circuit suitable for driving the three-phase SRM shown in FIGS. It can be applied to other SRMs, and the number of phases can be changed.
(Circuit configuration)
This rotor drive circuit has a U-phase drive circuit A, a V-phase drive circuit B, a W-phase drive circuit C, and a reactor R. These phase drive circuits A to C are the same as known SRM drive circuits. 100U is a U-phase coil, 100V is a V-phase coil, and 100W is a W-phase coil. Reference numerals 101U, 101V, and 101W denote high-side switches that individually connect the high potential end 102 of the DC power source and the high potential ends of the respective phase coils 100U, 100V, and 100W. The high side switches 101U, 101V, and 101W are preferably MOS transistors, but may be diodes. 103U, 103V, and 103W are low-side switches for PWM control that individually connect the low potential end 104 of the DC power supply and the low potential ends of the phase coils 100U, 100V, and 100W. Reference numeral 105 denotes a low-side diode that individually connects the low potential end 104 of the DC power source and the high potential ends of the phase coils 100U, 100V, and 100W. Reference numeral 106 denotes a high-side diode that individually connects one end of the reactor R and the low potential end of each phase coil 100U, 100V, 100W. The other end of the reactor R is connected to the high potential end 102 of the DC power supply. The reactor R and the high side diode 106 constitute a high side bypass circuit.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of this circuit will be described. When the energization of the low-side switch 103U is cut off, the high-potential terminal from the low-potential terminal 104 of the DC power source is passed through the low-side diode 105, the phase coil 100U, the high-side diode 106, and the reactor R by the magnetic energy accumulated in the phase coil 100U. A regenerative current flows to 102 as is well known. At this time, due to the counter electromotive force of the reactor R, the phase coil 100U needs to generate a higher voltage than in the prior art in which the high-side diode 106 supplies a regenerative current to the high potential end 102 of the DC power supply. For this reason, although the regenerative current which flows into the phase coil 100U becomes small, since the regenerative voltage is high, the magnetic energy attenuate | damps rapidly. Therefore, according to this circuit, the regenerative current can be rapidly reduced, and the torque can be increased by extending the energization period to the phase coil 100U accordingly. At this time, magnetic energy is accumulated in the reactor R. This magnetic energy is supplied to the high potential end 102 of the DC power supply through the low-side switch (eg, 103V) in the on state, the high-side diode 106 of the V-phase driving circuit, and the reactor R. Can be regenerated.

  The fact that the low-side switch (for example, 103V) is in an ON state means that an excitation current flows through the low-side switch 103V in the direction opposite to the regenerative current. ) Also decreases by this regenerative current. This means that the exciting current of the low-side switch 103V is attracted by the reactor R. Therefore, the rising period of the V-phase current flowing through the phase coil 100V is shortened to increase the current flowing through the phase coil 100V. Can be increased. In addition, you may provide the reactor R separately for every phase. The operations of the other phase drive circuits are the same as described above.

(Example 23)
Embodiment 23 will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment shows a motor drive circuit suitable for driving the three-phase SRM shown in FIGS. Of course, it can be applied to other SRMs, and the number of phases can be changed.
(Circuit configuration)
This rotor drive circuit has a U-phase drive circuit A, a V-phase drive circuit B, a W-phase drive circuit C, and a reactor R. These phase drive circuits A to C omit the low-side diode 105 and the high-side diode 106 for regeneration described in FIG. 55, but they may be added. Although diodes are employed as the high-side switches 101U, 101V, and 101W, it is obvious that transistors may be used. Reference numeral 107 denotes a high-side diode that connects the high potential end of each phase coil 100U, 100V, 100W and one end of the reactor R. One end of the reactor R and the low potential end 104 of the DC power source are connected by a switch 108. The other end of the reactor R is connected to the low potential end 104 of the DC power source. Other circuit configurations are the same as those in FIG. 55, and the operations of the drive circuits in the other phases are the same as described above.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of this circuit will be described.
Magnetic energy is stored in the reactor R by turning on the switch 108 for a predetermined period before the low-side switch 103U is energized. Thereafter, when the switch 108 is turned off, for example, when the low side switch 103U is turned on, the reactor R applies a voltage higher than the high potential end 102 of the DC power supply to the high potential end of the phase coil 100U through the high side diode 107. Thereby, the current of the phase coil 100U rises in a short time, and thereafter, the energization of the phase coil 100U can be performed for a long time. Thereby, torque can be increased. The switch 108 is an acceleration switch referred to in the eleventh invention, and constitutes a so-called chopper circuit together with the reactor R. After the current to the phase coil 100U rises, it is not necessary to apply a high voltage from the reactor R to the phase coil 100U. Therefore, if the phase coil 100U is energized from the high potential end 102 of the DC power source through the high side switch 101U. Good. Thereby, reactor R can be reduced in size. A reactor R may be provided for each phase.

(Example 24)
The twenty-fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment shows a motor drive circuit suitable for driving the three-phase SRM shown in FIGS. Of course, it can be applied to other SRMs, and the number of phases can be changed.
(Circuit configuration)
In FIG. 57, only the U-phase drive circuit A is shown together with the reactor R and the switch (acceleration switch) 108 for easy understanding. The circuit of FIG. 57 integrates the circuits shown in FIGS. 55 and 56 and also has a common reactor R. In this case, in order to prevent the regenerative current of the phase coil 100U from being short-circuited by the diodes 102 and 107, the MOS switch 109 is employed instead of the high-side diode 107 in FIG. Note that the high-side diode 106 may be replaced with a MOS switch.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of this circuit will be described.
The operation of this circuit is essentially the same as the operation of the circuits of FIGS. However, simultaneously with turning on the low side switch 103U, the MOS switch 109 provided in place of the high side diode 107 is turned on, and the switch (acceleration switch) 108 is turned off. Thereby, a voltage higher than the high potential end 102 of the DC power supply is applied to the U-phase coil 100U by the magnetic energy accumulated in the reactor R, and the excitation current of the phase coil 100U rises more than before. It can be accelerated. FIG. 58 shows a phase current waveform by the drive circuit shown in FIG. Lu represents an example of an inductance waveform of the U-phase coil 100U. As is well known, the U-phase current is passed through the U-phase coil 100U during the inductance increase period. IA is a conventional U-phase current waveform, and its rise and fall are slow due to the inductance of the phase coil 100U and the power supply voltage. On the other hand, since the U-phase current IB shown in FIG. 58 rises and falls (regeneration) rapidly, the substantial excitation current energization period in which the amount of current is controlled by PWM control is extended. Thereby, the torque of the motor can be increased.

(Example 25)
A twenty-fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment shows a motor drive circuit suitable for driving the three-phase SRM shown in FIGS. Of course, it can be applied to other SRMs, and the number of phases can be changed. The phase current Iu rises and falls outside the inductance increase period (t1 to t4). More specifically, in this aspect, the inductance Lu of the U-phase coil 100U is maintained at a minimum at time t0 to t1, and its change is small. Such an inductance waveform is easily realized by adjusting the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole of the SRM and the circumferential width of the rotor magnetic pole or segment facing it so that they hardly face each other at time t0 to t1. be able to. The phase current Ic (= Iu) of the U phase is raised at this time t0 to t1. Since the reluctance torque is not generated even if the current IC = Iu is increased unless the inductance Lu is changed, the torque waveform rises like a steep rectangular wave.

Similarly, in this aspect, the inductance Lu of the U-phase coil 100U is maintained at the maximum from time t4 to t5, and its change is small. Such an inductance waveform can be easily obtained by adjusting the circumferential width of the SRM stator magnetic pole and the circumferential width of the rotor magnetic pole or segment facing the SRM so that the two remain almost completely facing each other at time t4 to t5. Can be realized. The phase current Ic (= Iu) of the U phase is lowered during this time t4 to t5. That is, the low-side switch 103U is turned off and the magnetic energy of the U-phase coil 100U is regenerated as a regenerative current at the high potential end 102 of the DC power supply. If the inductance Lu does not change, the reluctance torque does not occur even if the current IC = Iu decreases, so the torque waveform falls in a steep rectangular waveform.
In FIG. 58, only the U-phase phase current waveform has been described, but V-phase and W-phase currents are similarly formed into rectangular waves. The waveform of the composite torque ΣT in this case is shown in FIG. FIG. 59 shows a three-phase SRM, where LU is a U-phase inductance waveform, LV is a V-phase inductance waveform, and LW is a W-phase inductance waveform. IU is a U-phase current waveform, IV is a V-phase current waveform, and IW is a W-phase current waveform. Since the rise and fall periods of the phase current are set to periods in which the change in the inductance waveform is small, the current and torque of each phase are rectangular.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 59, the increase in the V-phase inductance is started immediately after (or before) the increase in the U-phase inductance, and immediately after the end of the increase in the V-phase inductance (or its The increase in the W-phase inductance is started immediately before (or before), and the increase in the U-phase inductance is started immediately after (or before) the end of the increase in the W-phase inductance. As a result, the resultant torque waveform is a waveform in which rectangular wave torques are continuously connected, and is a very constant torque with almost no torque ripple. In FIG. 59, three phases are described as an example, but the number of phases may be further increased. That is, in this embodiment, the phase current rise period and the fall period of each phase are implemented in a phase period in which the phase coil inductance change is less than a predetermined value, and the inductance increase period of each phase is as continuous as possible. The feature is that the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole and the circumferential width of the rotor magnetic pole are adjusted so as to occur. This reduces the effect of torque fluctuation on the combined torque during the rising and falling periods of the phase current of each phase, greatly reducing the torque ripple of the combined torque due to the rising and falling waveforms of the torque of each phase. can do.

  Preferably, the inductance of the phase coil includes a bottom period in which a substantially flat small value continues for a predetermined period, a peak period in which a substantially flat large value continues for a predetermined period, an increasing period in which the bottom period increases from the peak period, and a peak value It is preferable to have a substantially trapezoidal time waveform with a decreasing period that decreases from the bottom period to the bottom period. In this way, energization of the phase coil is started at the end of the bottom period, a substantially constant current is energized over almost the entire subsequent increase period, and a regenerative current after energization is stopped at the beginning of the subsequent peak period. By doing so, a rectangular wave-like torque can be generated. At this time, by setting the increase period of the second phase coil substantially continuously with the increase period of the first phase coil, a constant combined torque can be formed by the continuous rectangular wave torque.

(Example 26)
A twenty-sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment shows a motor drive circuit suitable for driving the three-phase SRM shown in FIGS. Of course, it can be applied to other SRMs, and the number of phases can be changed.
(Circuit configuration)
This rotor drive circuit has a U-phase drive circuit A, a V-phase drive circuit B, and a W-phase drive circuit C. 100U is a U-phase coil, 100V is a V-phase coil, and 100W is a W-phase coil. 103U, 103V, and 103W are low-side switches for PWM control that individually connect the low potential end 104 of the DC power supply and the low potential ends of the phase coils 100U, 100V, and 100W. 110U, 110V, and 110W are backflow prevention diodes that commutate regenerative current between phases. 111U is a U-phase assist coil wound around the stator together with the U-phase coil 100U, 111V is a V-phase assist coil wound around the stator along with the V-phase coil 100U, and 111W is a W-phase phase. This is a W-phase assist coil wound around the stator together with the coil 100W. The connection points P1, P2, P3 of the low potential ends of the phase coils 100U, 100V, 100W and the low side switches 103U, 103V, 103W are individually connected to the high potential ends 102 of the assist coils 111U, 111V, 111W through the diodes 110U, 110V, 110W. It is connected to the. The low potential ends of the assist coils 111U, 111V, and 111W are connected to the low potential end 104 of the DC power supply.

(Operation)
In this embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 44, the rising period of the phase current of one phase is set to overlap the falling period of the phase current of the other one phase. When the U-phase low-side switch 103U is turned off, a regenerative current due to the magnetic energy of the U-phase phase coil 100U is applied to the assist coil 111U through the diode 110U. As a result, the U-phase current falling period continues for a predetermined period from when the low-side switch 103U is turned off. Almost simultaneously with the turning off of the U-phase low-side switch 103U, the V-phase low-side switch 103V is turned on. As a result, the V-phase current rising period continues for a predetermined period from when the low-side switch 103V is turned on.
In this way, since the regenerative current generated during the U-phase current falling period is energized to the V-phase assist coil 111V during the V-phase current rising period, the V-phase stator magnetic pole is the V-phase coil. In addition to the excitation current of 100V, the current flowing in the V-phase assist coil 111V is further strongly excited. As a result, the rise of the magnetic flux of the V-phase stator magnetic pole can be accelerated.

  Similarly, the W-phase low-side switch 103W is turned on almost simultaneously with the V-phase low-side switch 103V being turned off, and the W-phase assist coil 111W is energized by the magnetic energy of the V-phase coil 100V as described above. Is called. This promotes the rise of the magnetic flux of the W-phase stator magnetic pole. Similarly, the U-phase low-side switch 103U is turned on substantially simultaneously with the W-phase low-side switch 103W being turned off, and the U-phase assist coil 111U is energized by the magnetic energy of the W-phase coil 100W as described above. Is called. This promotes the rise of the magnetic flux of the U-phase stator magnetic pole. It is preferable that the assist coils 111U, 111V, and 111W have a relatively small cross-sectional area and multiple turns compared to the phase coils 100U, 100V, and 100W. In this way, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of hindering the slot accommodation of the phase coil. In addition, when the regenerative current flows, the assist coil can generate a large counter electromotive force, so the magnitude of the regenerative current of the phase coil can be reduced and the current fall period of the phase coil can be shortened. Can do.

  The motor drive circuit of this embodiment has an advantage that the cost and loss of the motor drive circuit can be reduced because it is only necessary to add the diodes 110U, 110V, 110W in addition to the low-side switches 103U, 103V, 103W. Further, the regenerative current does not flow from the assist coil to the low-side switch of the next phase, and the loss and heat generation of the low-side switch of the next phase can be reduced. In FIG. 60, Im is an exciting current of the phase coil 100, and Ir is a regenerative current. A modification in which the circuit shown in FIG. 60 is applied to a three-phase SRM having an inductance waveform different from the inductance waveform of the three-phase coil in FIG. 44 is shown in the timing chart of FIG.

(Example 27)
A twenty-seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 62 is a schematic half sectional view in the axial direction, and FIG. 63 is a schematic partial sectional view in the axial direction of the pole teeth. In addition, the pole tooth said here means a stator magnetic pole. The motor 1 in the tandem arrangement has a U-phase stator 4U, a V-phase stator 4V, a W-phase stator 4W, a rotor 2, and a rotating shaft 3.
The rotor 2 includes a substantially cylindrical boss portion 20 fitted to the rotary shaft 3 and an even number of soft magnetic segments 21 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 20 at a predetermined circumferential pitch. The boss portion 20 is cast from a nonmagnetic material. The soft magnetic segment 21 is formed by laminating a large number of rectangular mild steel plates that are long in the axial direction shown in FIG. 62 in the circumferential direction. Each soft magnetic segment 21 extends in the axial direction. Accordingly, the soft magnetic segment 21 forms a magnetic salient pole portion of the rotor of the reluctance motor.

The stator 4U is disposed at one axial end, the stator 4W is disposed at the other axial end, and the stator 4V is disposed at the axial center. The stator 4U includes a stator core 40U and a ring coil 5U. The stator 4V includes a stator core 40V and a ring coil 5V. The stator 4W includes a stator core 40W and a ring coil 5W. Since the stators 4U, 4V, and 4W have the same structure, the structure of the stator 4U will be described below. The stator core 40U includes a ring yoke 41, pole teeth 42 and 43, and claw poles 44 and 45. The ring yoke 41 is configured by winding a soft magnetic strip steel plate in the radial direction of the ring coil 5 a required number of times outside the ring coil 5 in the radial direction.
The pole teeth 42 protrude from the front end of the ring yoke 41 at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction to the front in the axial direction, then bend inward in the radial direction, and then extend to the inner side in the radial direction by a required length. The pole teeth 43 protrude rearward from the rear end of the ring yoke 41 at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, then bend inward in the radial direction, and then extend inward in the radial direction by a necessary length.

The claw pole 44 is bent obliquely from the tip of the pole tooth 42 to the radially inner end and axially rearward. The claw pole 45 is bent obliquely from the tip of the pole tooth 43 to the inner end in the radial direction and forward in the axial direction. Thereby, the opening of the ring-shaped slot S is narrowed in the axial direction.
FIG. 63 shows the shapes of the pole teeth 42 and the nail poles 44 that are the inner ends thereof. A plurality of mild steel plates bent and extended from the ring yoke 41 are laminated in the axial direction. The claw pole 44 that is the inner end of the pole tooth 42 is bent slightly rearward in the axial direction. A large number of pole teeth 42 are arranged in the circumferential direction at the same pitch as the soft magnetic segments 21. A large number of pole teeth 43 are also arranged in the circumferential direction at the same pitch as the soft magnetic segments 21. The pole teeth 42 and the pole teeth 43 are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction.

The ring coil 5U is disposed coaxially with the rotation shaft on the radially inner side of the ring yoke 41. At the position where the soft magnetic segment 21 is most displaced in the circumferential direction with respect to the claw poles 44 and 45, the inductance of the ring coil 5U is minimized. When the soft magnetic segment 21 is located at the same position in the circumferential direction with respect to the claw poles 44 and 45, the inductance of the ring coil 5U is maximized. Eventually, stator core 40U, ring coil 5U, and rotor 2 constitute a single-phase reluctance motor.
The ring coil 5U, the ring coil 5V, and the ring coil 5W are energized with a direct current pulse current shifted by 120 degrees. Of course, as a basic matter of the SRM, this direct current pulse current is energized during a period in which the inductance of the ring coil increases in order to generate a positive torque.
As a result, the three-phase SRM can be realized with a simple structure. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the claw poles 44 and 45 are bent in such a direction as to narrow the ring-shaped slot in the axial direction, the inductance of the ring coil can be increased and the torque can be increased. Although FIG. 62 illustrates a three-phase SRM in which three stator cores are arranged in tandem, it is apparent that a multiphase SRM can be configured by arranging a larger number of stator cores in tandem.

(Embodiment 28)
(Overall structure)
A schematic axial sectional view of the claw pole type motor of this embodiment is shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 64, cross-sectional hatching is omitted for easy understanding of the structure. Further, illustration of a motor housing that supports the stator core and rotatably supports the rotating shaft is also omitted. Note that the reference numerals used in the 28th and subsequent embodiments are unrelated to those used in the twenty-seventh embodiment.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a stator, 2 denotes a rotor, and the rotor 2 is fitted and fixed to a rotating shaft 3. Since the rotor 2 can adopt various known structures and types, and the feature of this embodiment is the stator structure, the rotor 2 is simplified. The stator 1 includes a stator core 4 having a claw pole structure, and a ring coil 5 that is a ring-shaped coil that is surrounded by the stator core 4 so as to surround the rotor 2. The shape and structure of the stator core 4 will be described in more detail below.

(Stator core 4)
The stator core 4 includes a ring yoke 41, pole teeth 42 and 43, and claw poles 44 and 45. The ring yoke 41 is configured by winding a soft magnetic strip steel plate in the radial direction of the ring coil 5 a required number of times outside the ring coil 5 in the radial direction. However, the ring yoke 41 may be formed by stacking a plurality of soft magnetic ring plates that are rounded and have different diameters.
The pole teeth 42 protrude forward from the front end of the ring yoke 41 at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, then bend inward in the radial direction, and then extend inward in the radial direction by a necessary length. The pole teeth 43 protrude rearward from the rear end of the ring yoke 41 at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, then bend inward in the radial direction, and then extend inward in the radial direction by a necessary length. The claw pole 44 is bent obliquely from the tip of the pole tooth 42 to the radially inner end and axially rearward. The claw pole 45 is bent obliquely from the tip of the pole tooth 43 to the inner end in the radial direction and forward in the axial direction.

46 is a front end face of the ring yoke 41, 47 is a rear end face of the ring yoke 41, 48 is a radially inner end face of the claw poles 44 and 45, 49 is an imaginary line indicating a boundary between the pole teeth 42 and the claw pole 44, and 50 is It is an imaginary line indicating the boundary between the pole teeth 43 and the claw pole 45. However, the pole teeth 42 and 43 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the ring yoke 41. As a result, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 alternately faces the claw poles 44 and the claw poles 45 in the circumferential direction with the electromagnetic gap G interposed therebetween.
Each part of the stator core 4, that is, the ring yoke 41, the pole teeth 42 and 43, and the claw poles 44 and 45 are configured by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in the thickness direction as is apparent from FIG. The tips of the steel plates of the poles 44 and 45 face the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 through the electromagnetic gap G, respectively. Thereby, the amount of magnetic flux can be increased while the eddy current loss is reduced, and the bending rigidity of the claw poles 44 and 45 can be improved. The pole teeth 42 and 43 can be considered as a part of the claw poles 44 and 45 in a certain sense, but are regarded as a part of the yoke here.

  In FIG. 64, the pole teeth 42 and 43 are gently curved radially inward from the front and rear ends of the ring yoke 41, but may be bent sharply as shown in FIG. In FIG. 65, 51 is a front end surface of the ring yoke 41, and 52 is a rear end surface of the ring yoke 41. FIG. 66 shows a partial front view of this motor (viewed in the axial direction). The circumferential widths of the tip portions of the claw poles 44 and 45 are increased in order to increase the facing area with the rotor 2. FIG. 67 is an enlarged view of the tip of the nail electrode 44. Reference numeral 40 denotes a single soft magnetic steel plate.

(Production method)
The manufacturing process of the stator core 4 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 68 shows one soft magnetic steel plate. However, for ease of understanding, the symbols used in FIG. 64 are used. First, a strip-shaped mild steel plate is press-formed to form a shape obtained by developing the soft magnetic steel plate shown in FIG. In the press molding, it is preferable to form the bent boundary portions 49 and 50 at the same time. Next, the belt-shaped mild steel plate is curved so as to surround the outer side in the radial direction of the ring coil 5, and the boundary portion between the ring yoke 41 and the pole teeth 42, 43 is curved (may be bent), so that the boundary portion 46 and 47 are formed. Then, the mild steel plate of each turn is fixed by, for example, resin welding by heating.

Embodiment 29
A motor of Embodiment 29 will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is characterized in that the basic portion of the stator structure of embodiment 28 is applied to a stator core of a hybrid motor.
(Overall structure)
A schematic axial sectional view of the claw pole type motor of this embodiment is shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 69, most of the cross-sectional hatching is omitted for easy understanding of the structure. Reference numeral 1 denotes a stator, 2 denotes a rotor, and the rotor 2 is fitted and fixed to a rotating shaft 3. Since the rotor 2 has various known structures and types, and the feature of this embodiment is the stator structure, the rotor 2 is simply illustrated. Since this type of hybrid motor is known as an HB type stepping motor, the description of the structure of the rotor 2 is omitted. The stator 1 is configured by arranging a stator core 4A and a stator core 4B adjacent to each other in the axial direction. A spacer may be disposed between the stator cores 4A and 4B. Each of the stator cores 4A and 4B is characterized in that the claw poles 44 and 45 are not bent obliquely from the stator core 4 shown in FIG. 64, but extend straight inward in the radial direction from the tips of the pole teeth 42 and 43. .
In this embodiment, the pole teeth 42 and 43 are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction, and as a result, the claw poles 44 and 45 are also arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction. After all, in FIG. 69, the pole teeth 42 and the claw poles 44 constitute so-called teeth of a normal axially laminated steel sheet type stator core.

  The stator coil 5 is concentratedly wound so as to surround the pole teeth 42, 43, 42, 43 at the same position in the circumferential direction of the stator cores 4 </ b> A, 4 </ b> B. 51 is a front coil end, and 52 is a rear coil end. However, in the case of not an HB type stepping motor, it is possible to adopt distributed winding. It is obvious that a so-called slot for accommodating the stator coil 5 is formed adjacent to the above-described teeth in the circumferential direction. FIG. 70 shows a tooth 100 including one pole tooth 42 and a claw pole 44. FIG. 70 is a partial front view of the stator 1 as viewed in the axial direction. However, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 which is not a main part is shown as a virtual diagram with a one-dot chain line.

(Modification)
In FIG. 69, with respect to the front teeth composed of the pole teeth 42 and the claw poles 44, the rear teeth composed of the pole teeth 43 and the claw poles 45 are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction. Instead, the front teeth and the rear teeth may be alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. However, in this case, separate phase coils need to be concentratedly wound around the front teeth and the rear teeth. FIG. 71 shows a developed shape of the press-punched strip-shaped mild steel plate 40 in this case. In FIG. 71, as described above, the bending or bending process at the boundary between the pole teeth 42 and 43 and the claw poles 44 and 45, which is essential in the embodiment 28, is omitted.

Embodiment 30
The motor of Embodiment 30 will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is characterized in that the stator structure of Embodiment 28 is applied to a Landell type rotor core.
(Overall structure)
A schematic axial cross-sectional view of the claw pole type motor of this embodiment is shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 72, most of the cross-sectional hatching is omitted for easy understanding of the structure. 1 is a stator and 2 is a rotor. The stator 1 includes a laminated steel plate stator core 4 sandwiched between a front housing 61 and a rear housing 62, and a stator coil 5 wound around the stator core 4. Reference numerals 51 and 52 denote coil ends of the stator coil 5. The rotor 2 includes a Randell type rotor core 8 fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 3, and a ring-shaped field coil 7 wound around the Randell type rotor core 8.
The Landel type rotor core 8 has the same core structure as the stator core 4 shown in FIG. That is, the Landel-type rotor core 8 includes a ring yoke 81, pole teeth 82 and 83, and claw poles 84 and 85. Since the manufacturing method of this Landel type rotor core 8 is the same as that of the stator core 4 which is the claw pole core of FIG. 64, description is abbreviate | omitted.

Embodiment 31
Embodiment 31 which is an embodiment in which the double coil SRM of FIG. 51 is changed to an axially extending segment RM structure will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 73A is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of the ring coil SRM. FIG. 73 (B) is a partial development view in the circumferential direction of the stator magnetic poles 3A to 3C of FIG. 73 (A). This ring coil SRM has a stator structure similar to that of the tandem arrangement ring coil SRM described with reference to FIG. However, the three-phase ring coil SRM of this embodiment is characterized in that a part of the V and W phase ring coils is arranged radially inward from the rotor segment.
1 is a stator, 2 is a rotor, 3A to 3E are segments (stator segments), 4A to 4E and 9A to 9E are ring coils forming an armature coil, 5A is a front housing, 5B is a rear housing, and 6 is a boss of the rotor 2 , 7 is a segment of the rotor 2 (rotor segment), and 8 is a rotating shaft.

The segments 3A to 3E form a stator core. The segments 3A to 3C are fixed to the inner peripheral surfaces of the front housing 5A and the rear housing 5B. The segment 3D is fixed to the inner end wall of the front housing 5A, and the segment 3E is fixed to the inner end wall of the rear housing 5B. The segments 3A to 3E are arranged at a constant pitch in the circumferential direction. Each of the segments 3A to 3E is manufactured by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in a substantially circumferential direction (tangential direction). The segments 3A to 3E and the segment 7 extend in the axial direction.
FIG. 44 is a partial schematic development view showing circumferential positions of the segments 3A to 3E which are the stator segments. The segments 3A and 3D are arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction. The segments 3C and 3E are also arranged at the same position in the circumferential direction. The segments 3A, 3D, 3C, 3E are formed in a C shape. The segment 3B is formed in an E shape. The segment 3B is formed in an E shape, and the other stator segments are formed in a C shape.

The segments 3A and 3D are arranged so as to be shifted in the circumferential direction by an electrical angle of 2π / 3 with respect to the segment 3B. The segment 3B is shifted from the segments 3D and 3E by an electrical angle of 2π / 3 in the circumferential direction. The ring coils 4A to 4E are AC windings (AC coils) through which an alternating current flows, and the ring coils 9A to 9E are DC windings (DC coils). The ring coils 4A to 4E and 9A to 9E are wound around the rotor 2 in a ring shape.
The ring coils 4A and 9A are accommodated in the slots of the segment 3A, and the two pairs of ring coils 4B and 9B are accommodated in the two slots of the segment 3B. However, the current directions of the two V-phase ring coils 4B accommodated in the two slots are opposite, and the current directions of the two DC ring coils 9B accommodated in the two slots are opposite. The ring coils 4C and 9C are accommodated in the slots of the segment 3C, the ring coils 4D and 9D are accommodated in the slots of the segment 3D, and the ring coils 4E and 9E are accommodated in the slots of the segment 3E.

The current directions of the U-phase ring coils 3A and 3D are the same, and the current directions of the U-phase ring coils 9A and 9D are the same. The current directions of the W-phase ring coils 3C and 3E are the same, and the current directions of the W-phase ring coils 9C and 9E are the same.
The segments (rotor segments) 7 of the rotor 2 are arranged in the circumferential direction with an electrical angle of 2π pitch. The segment 7 extends in the axial direction. The circumferential width of the segment 7 is substantially equal to the circumferential width of the segments 3A to 3E. The circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole gap between two circumferentially adjacent stator segments is substantially equal to the circumferential width of the stator segment. The circumferential widths of the segments 3A to 3E are approximately an electrical angle π.
The segment 7 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 6 made of a nonmagnetic metal. The segments 3A to 3E and the segment 7 are produced by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in a substantially circumferential direction (tangential direction). The segment 7 protrudes from the boss portion 6 on both sides in the axial direction. The front end portion of the segment 7 is inserted between the segments 3A and 3D, and the rear end portion of the segment 7 is inserted between the segments 3C and 3E. The boss 6 is fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft 8. The rotating shaft 8 is rotatably supported by the front housing 5A and the rear housing 5B.

Ring coils 9 </ b> A to 9 </ b> E, which are direct current windings (DC coils), are connected in series and are energized with a direct current excitation current. This exciting current is adjusted by PWM control of the current control transistor. The ring coils 4A to 4E, which are AC windings (AC coils), are each supplied with AC current from a full bridge inverter or a three-phase inverter.
As described above, in the preferred operation mode, the ampere turns of the ring coils 4A to 4E in the inductance reduction period Td are substantially equal to the ampere turns of the ring coils 9A to 9E, and their directions are opposite. Thereby, the segments 3A to 3E generate almost no magnetic flux during the inductance reduction period Td. In the inductance increase period Ti, the ampere turns of the ring coils 4A to 4E and the ampere turns of the ring coils 9A to 9E are in the same direction and have the same magnitude, so that a strong magnetic flux is generated. The current phases of the ring coils 4A and 4D are shifted from the current phase of the ring coil 4B by an electrical angle of 2π / 3. Similarly, the current phase of the ring coil 4B is shifted by an electrical angle of 2π / 3 with respect to the current phases of the ring coils 4C and 4E. Thereby, the electric operation of the three-phase segment type SRM becomes possible. Power generation is performed in the same way. The axial width of the segment 3B is adjusted so that the average torque generated by the segments 3A and 3D is equal to the torque generated by the segment 3B and the average torque generated by the segments 3C and 3E.

According to this embodiment, the axial length of the motor can be shortened compared to the case where the segments 3D and 3E are arranged on the radially outer side of the rotor 3, and the motor can be greatly reduced in size and weight. Moreover, since the axial protrusion length of the segment 7 which is the rotor segment can be shortened, high-speed rotation is possible. Moreover, a direct current can be superimposed on the ring coils 4A to 4E for the power generation operation.
A schematic side view of a double coil type ring coil SRM of this embodiment in which six stator segments and six rotor segments are arranged in the circumferential direction is shown in FIG. However, the front housing 5A, the segments 3A, 3D, and the ring coils 4A, 9A, 4D, 9D are removed. Reference numeral 10 denotes a non-magnetic comb-like member inserted between two stator segments adjacent in the circumferential direction. The teeth of the two comb-like members 10 formed in a cylindrical shape are inserted between the stator segments from both axial sides of the stator segments. Thereby, the vibration of the stator segment is suppressed. In addition, the ring coil is protected.

(Modification)
In this embodiment, in addition to the AC coil ring coils 4A to 4E, ring coils 9A to 9E that are DC coils are used in combination to form a double coil type SRM, but the ring coils 9A to 9E that are DC coils are omitted. Also good. In addition, a normal magnet synchronous motor may be provided by providing a permanent magnet in the rotor segment, or a DC coil may be omitted by providing a permanent magnet in the stator segment. Further, the circumferentially extending segment RM of each embodiment described above or a conventionally known RM can be applied to the axially extending segment RM of this embodiment.

(Embodiment 32)
Embodiment 32, which is an embodiment having an axially extending segment RM structure, will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 75 shows a three-phase axially extending segment RM of the outer rotor structure constituting the in-wheel motor. Six rotor segments 7 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall of the nonmagnetic wheel 60 at a pitch of 30 degrees in the circumferential direction. Six stator segments 3 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of a nonmagnetic disk 50 that is fixed to a stationary shaft (not shown) and extends radially outward at a pitch of 30 degrees in the circumferential direction. At the radial position of the gap between the stator segment 3 and the rotor segment 7, the circumferential width of the stator segment 3 and the rotor segment 7 is about 15 degrees. The rotor segment 7 and the stator segment 3 extend in the axial direction.

  The stator segment 3 is provided with six slots 30 in the axial direction. Each slot 30 accommodates two three-phase ring coils U, V, and W. The ring coils U, V, W are formed in a ring shape around the stationary axis. Each slot 30 accommodates a ring coil 9 which is a DC coil. The stator segment 3 and the rotor segment 7 are configured by laminating a number of electromagnetic steel plates having a thickness of 0.3 mm in the tangential direction. The rotor segment 7 is formed using a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet whose axial direction is the magnetization facilitating direction. The outer peripheral edge of the electromagnetic steel sheet forming the stator segment 3 and the inner peripheral edge of the electromagnetic steel sheet forming the rotor segment 7 are formed in a substantially arc shape (see FIG. 76).

A layout diagram of the three-phase ring coils U, V, and W is shown in FIG. In FIG. 79A, the ring coil 9 that is a DC coil is disposed in the vicinity of the opening 90 of the slot 30, and the ring coils U, V, and W that are AC coils are disposed on the bottom side of the slot 30. The ring coil 9 which is a DC coil can be formed in a small diameter. Therefore, even when the tips of the stator magnetic poles 4A to 4G of the stator segment 3 have a flange that protrudes in the axial direction and narrows the opening of the slot 30, many turns of the ring coil 9 are adjacent to the flange. Can be arranged.
One rotor segment 7 can be configured by arranging a plurality of small segments having different lengths adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. Each small segment has a width of 5 degrees (refers to 5 °) in the circumferential direction when the circumferential width of the rotor segment 7 and the stator magnetic poles 4A to 4G is 15 degrees. Each small segment is formed by laminating a number of electromagnetic steel plates in the tangential direction, as in the segments of the other embodiments. Thereby, in this embodiment, since the stator segment 3 extends in the axial direction, the rotor segment 7 is arranged to be shifted by an electrical angle of 2π / 3 in the circumferential direction for each phase.
According to this embodiment, in the axially extending segment RM having six slots in the axial direction, the ring coils are arranged in the order of U, V, W, U, V, and W, thereby reducing the concentration of magnetic flux. Can do.

Embodiment 33
An example of a ring coil winding method employed in the radial gap type axially extending segment RM will be described with reference to FIGS. 77 and 78. FIG.
In this embodiment, the ring coil 40 constituting the AC coil is configured by spirally winding an insulating coated copper plate in the axial direction as shown in FIG. The diameter of each turn of the ring coil 40 is equal. Both end portions 40A and 40B of the ring coil 40 are bent outward in the radial direction. In the outer rotor structure, both end portions 40A and 40B of the ring coil 40 are bent inward in the radial direction. Note that both end portions 40A and 40B of the ring coil 40 may be bent in the radial direction.
A method of accommodating the ring coil 40 in the slot 30 of the stator segment 3 extending in the axial direction will be described with reference to FIG. 4A and 4B are stator magnetic poles of the stator segment 3 extending in the axial direction. Reference numeral 30 denotes a slot between the stator magnetic poles 4A and 4B. AX indicates the axial direction, and RA indicates the radial direction. Reference numeral 400 denotes a flange portion of the stator magnetic poles 4A and 4B, and 401 denotes a slot opening between the stator magnetic poles 4A and 4B.

First, half ring coils 40C and 40D having half the number of turns of the ring coil 40 are prepared. Half ring coils 40C and 40D are constituted by an insulation covering copper plate. Next, the diameter of the half ring coil 40C is reduced by tightening. In this embodiment, the half ring coil 40C is reduced in order to explain the case where the ring coil 40 is wound around the stator segment 3 of the inner rotor type ring coil SRM shown in FIG. 74, but the outer rotor type ring coil shown in FIG. When the ring coil 40 is wound around the stator segment 3 of the SRM, the diameter of the half ring coil 40C is enlarged.
Next, the reduced diameter half-ring coil 40C is inserted in the axial direction on the radially inner side of a stator core formed by arranging a large number of stator segments 3 at a predetermined circumferential pitch. Next, each turn of the half ring coil 40C is inserted into the slot opening 401 sequentially from one end thereof, and the half ring coil 40C is rewound. Thereby, each turn of the half ring coil 40 </ b> C is expanded in diameter and accommodated in the slot 30. Next, each turn accommodated in the slot 30 is moved in the axial direction to be brought into close contact with the stator magnetic pole 4A. Thereby, the half ring coil 40C is accommodated in the half of the slot 30 on the stator magnetic pole 4A side. By the same operation, the half ring coil 40D is accommodated in the half of the slot 30 on the stator magnetic pole 4B side. Finally, the ring coil 40 is completed by connecting in series with the half ring coils 40C and 40D.

  In this way, the ring coil 40 of the radial gap type axially extending segment RM can be accommodated in the slot 30 with a high slot space factor by a simple process. Further, the ring coil 40 having a spiral copper plate shape has excellent thermal conductivity. This ring coil 40 is suitable as an AC coil of the axially extending segment RM. The ring coil winding method of this ring coil SRM can be employed in various types of motors using a ring coil.

(Embodiment 34)
An example of a method for winding a ring coil employed in the axial gap type radially extending segment RM will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the ring coil constituting the AC coil is configured by spirally winding an insulating coated copper plate in the radial direction. The width of each turn of the ring coil is equal. Both ends of the ring coil are bent toward the opposite side of the rotor in the axial direction. The stator segment 3 and the rotor segment of this axial gap motor extend in the radial direction. The stator magnetic poles 4A and 4B of the stator segment 3 are adjacent to each other in the radial direction with the slot 30 interposed therebetween. 401 is a slot opening between the stator magnetic poles 4A and 4B. The slot opening 401 opens toward one side in the axial direction. AX indicates the axial direction, and RA indicates the radial direction.
A method of accommodating the ring coil in the slot 30 of the stator segment 3 extending in the radial direction will be described with reference to FIG.

First, half ring coils 40C and 40D having half the number of turns of the ring coil are prepared. The half ring coils 40C and 40D are configured by spirally winding an insulation-coated copper plate having a constant width in a drum shape. Reference numeral 500 denotes a half ring coil 40 </ b> C that is wound around a drum and is not accommodated in a slot. The outer diameters of the ring coils 40 </ b> C and 40 </ b> D are equal to the diameter from the rotation axis M to the slot opening 401.
Next, the half-ring coil 40 </ b> C is rotated and pulled out in the axial direction and inserted into the slot 30. Thereby, the half ring coil 40C is spirally wound in the radial direction into the slot 30 in order from the outer peripheral portion thereof. Each turn of the half ring coil 40C accommodated in the slot 30 is sequentially tightened radially inward. The stator segment 3 may be rotated. Thereby, the half ring coil 40C is accommodated in the half of the slot 30 on the stator magnetic pole 4A side. By the same operation, the half ring coil 40D is accommodated in the half of the slot 30 on the stator magnetic pole 4B side. Finally, the ring coils are completed by connecting the half ring coils 40C and 40D in series.

  In this way, the ring coil of the axial gap type radially extending segment RM can be accommodated in the slot 30 with a high slot space factor by a simple process. A ring coil having a spiral copper plate shape has excellent thermal conductivity. This ring coil is suitable as an AC coil of the axially extending segment RM. The ring coil winding method of the ring coil SRM can be employed in various types of axial gap motors using a ring coil.

(Embodiment 35)
Embodiment 35 will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the principle of the double coil type SRM described in FIG. 52 is applied to the three-phase circumferentially extending segment SRM described in FIG.
The three-phase current of the three-phase circumferentially extending segment SRM described with reference to FIG. 41 becomes a substantially trapezoidal DC current as shown in FIG. This substantially trapezoidal DC current can be divided into an AC current component and a DC current component, as in FIG. 53 showing the AC current waveform and DC current waveform of the double coil SRM of FIG.
Therefore, the AC current component Iac of each phase is supplied to the AC coils 51 to 56 (FIG. 80) of each phase, and the DC current component Idc is supplied to the DC coils 61 to 66 (FIG. 80), as shown in FIG. A three-phase substantially trapezoidal DC current waveform can be reproduced.

However, the number of turns of the DC coils 61 to 66 shown in FIG. 80 is larger than the number of turns of the AC coils 51 to 56. Of course, the DC current component Idc described above is reduced as the number of turns of the DC coils 61 to 66 increases. The increase in the number of turns of the DC coils 61 to 66 means that when the slot area in which the coil conductor is accommodated, the applied voltage, and the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit are constant, the magnetic flux forming force (ampere turn) per coil copper loss is the number of turns. Proportional.
In addition, since the magnetic flux amount of the stator magnetic pole during the inductance reduction period during electric operation is set to substantially zero, the amplitude of the DC current component Idc equivalent to the number of turns is substantially equal to the amplitude of the AC current component Iac during the inductance reduction period. The current direction is reversed. Thereby, the reverse torque due to the AC current component during the inductance decrease period can be canceled, and the torque during the inductance increase period can be increased. When a large torque is required, the torque can be increased by increasing the equivalent combined current (Idc + Iac) during the inductance increase period.

Embodiment 36
Embodiment 36 will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the principle of the double coil type SRM described in FIG. 52 is applied to the three-phase axially extending segment SRM described in FIG.
The three-phase current of the three-phase axially extending segment SRM described in FIG. 30 is a substantially trapezoidal DC current. The waveforms of the three-phase DC currents Iu, Iv, and Iw are shown in FIG. The waveforms of the substantially trapezoidal DC currents Iu, Iv, Iw are divided into three-phase AC current components Iuac, Ivac, Iwac and a DC current component Idc as shown in FIG. In FIG. 82, the zero values of the three-phase alternating current components Iuac, Ivac, and Iwac are the positions of the DC current components Idc.
Accordingly, the three-phase AC current components Iuac, Ivac, and Iwac are energized to the three-phase AC coils 51 to 56 (FIG. 81), and the DC current component Idc is energized to the DC coils 61 to 66 (FIG. 81). The three-phase substantially trapezoidal DC current waveform shown in FIG. 30 can be reproduced. However, the number of turns of the DC coils 61 to 66 shown in FIG. 81 is larger than the number of turns of the AC coils 51 to 56. The DC current component Idc is reduced.

(Embodiment 37)
Embodiment 37 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 83 is a block circuit diagram showing a rotor angle detection circuit for detecting the rotor rotation angle from the DC current control circuit shown in FIG. 54 (B). In FIG. 83, the voltage Sv of the DC coil 65 and the voltage Sw of the DC coil 66 are input to the rotor angle detection circuit 904. The rotor angle detection circuit 904 calculates the rotor angle based on the input voltages Sv and Sw.
More specifically, in the above-described plurality of SRMs including a plurality of DC coils 61 to 64 connected in series with each other, the voltages of the DC coils 61 to 66 change with different phases as the rotor rotates. It has. This AC voltage component changes due to a change in self-inductance due to the movement of the soft magnetic rotor, a change in mutual inductance with the AC coil, and a change in current in the AC coil. Therefore, the self-inductance or mutual inductance component is obtained from the AC voltage components of the input voltages Sv and Sw, and the rotor rotation angle is calculated from a map stored in advance according to the magnitude.
The obtained rotor rotation angle is input to a motor controller (control device) 903 and used for motor control. An example of motor control will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 84 shows a three-phase AC synchronous motor circuit, which is the same as the conventional one. Reference numeral 900 denotes a DC power source, reference numeral 901 denotes a motor drive circuit, reference numeral 902 denotes a three-phase SRM, and reference numeral 903 denotes a motor controller. The motor drive circuit 901 is constituted by, for example, a three-phase unipolar motor drive circuit or a three-phase inverter. The motor controller 903 and the motor drive circuit 901 constitute a motor drive circuit referred to in the present invention. The motor controller 903 reads the rotation speed command Ns and the torque command Ts from the outside, and reads the motor rotation angle and the three-phase current value from the three-phase SRM 902. The motor controller 903 controls the motor drive circuit 901 based on the read data in the conventional manner.

(Additional explanation)
(Additional information 1)
A preferred waveform of the AC current when a DC coil and an AC coil are wound around the RM stator pole will be described below with reference to FIG. In the above description, SRMs having DC coils and AC coils of various structures have been described. In one example, the DC coil and the AC coil are concentrated on different stator poles. In another example, the DC coil and the AC coil are concentrated on the same stator pole. In yet another example, two ring coils comprising a DC coil and an AC coil are used.
However, since this motor uses the magnetic saliency (reluctance change) of the soft magnetic rotor, it generates a positive torque during the AC coil inductance increase period and generates a negative torque during the AC coil inductance decrease period. Therefore, it is important to flow a large combined current during the inductance increase period of the AC coil and to prevent the combined current from flowing as much as possible during the inductance decrease period.
When a sinusoidal waveform is applied to the AC coil, the combined current (Iac + Idc) has the waveform shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 85, it is assumed that the number of turns of the DC coil is equal to that of the AC coil. FIG. 85 shows a U-phase current waveform. The AC current having a sine wave waveform has a slower falling and rising edge than an AC current having a substantially trapezoidal wave shape or a substantially rectangular wave shape. For this reason, the combined current (Iac + Idc) flows considerably during the inductance decrease period and becomes considerably small during the inductance increase period. For this reason, the positive torque ((ΔL / Δθ) · (Iac + Idc) · (Iac + Idc)) during the inductance increase period becomes small, and the negative torque (− (ΔL / Δθ) · (Iac−Idc) · (Iac−) during the inductance increase period. Idc) remains quite large.

Therefore, when a DC coil is used, it can be seen that when a sinusoidal waveform is applied to the AC coil, the torque is small and the torque ripple is large. In contrast, when a substantially trapezoidal or rectangular wave AC current is passed through the AC coil, the combined current (Iac + Idc) becomes approximately twice the AC current amplitude during the inductance increase period, and the combined current (Iac) during the inductance decrease period. Since −Idc) is almost 0, it can be seen that even when a DC coil is used, the torque is large and the torque ripple can be reduced. In FIG. 85, L ′ represents an inductance waveform when the inductance does not have a flat peak period and a bottom period between the inductance increase period and the inductance decrease period.
L represents an inductance waveform when the inductance has a flat peak period and bottom period between the inductance increase period and the inductance decrease period. The hatched portion in FIG. 85 indicates the combined current component when the inductance waveform of the AC coil or the equivalent coil obtained by combining the AC coil and the DC coil is L ′ or L.
If the rotor segments of each phase as shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 31 are integrated, the magnetic flux may wrap around in the circumferential direction. If this is a problem, the rotor segment of each phase Is desirably magnetically separated.
In this specification, the positive torque during the inductance increase period is ((ΔL / Δθ) · (Iac + Idc) · (Iac + Idc), and the negative torque during the inductance increase period (− (ΔL / Δθ) · (Iac−Idc) · ( Iac−Idc), the combined current (Iac + Idc) flows through the AC coil in which the AC current component Iac flows and the DC coil in which the DC current Idc flows in the inductance increasing period, and the combined current in the inductance decreasing period. Note that (Iac-Idc) is the reluctance torque due to the equivalent coil.
Further, “substantially trapezoidal wave or substantially rectangular wave” in this specification is defined as follows. That is, a pure sine wave half wave and a pure rectangular wave and a substantially trapezoidal wave (or a substantially rectangular wave) in which two zero points and the maximum value coincide with each other at the half end of the pure sine wave are considered. Rather than half the average amplitude difference of the amplitude of the pure square wave minus the amplitude of the half wave of the pure sine wave, the amplitude of the substantially trapezoidal wave (or substantially square wave) is half the amplitude of the pure sine wave. In this specification, a trapezoidal waveform having a large average value of amplitude differences obtained by subtracting the amplitude of the wave is defined as a substantially trapezoidal wave.
Alternatively, a waveform in which the third harmonic component is superimposed on the fundamental sine wave by 10 to 60%, more preferably 20 to 50% is defined as a substantially trapezoidal wave in this specification.

(Additional information 2)
The three-phase circumferentially extending segment SRM (SRM having a rotor segment) shown in FIG. 41 has the rising period and falling period of the three-phase trapezoidal wave direct currents Iu, Iv, Iw over as shown in FIG. It should be noted that the wrapping and the inductance increase period and the inductance decrease period of two phases of the three phases overlap. This means that the change in the current supplied to the SRM from the power source side can be made very small. That is, the output current ripple of the motor power supply is reduced.
44. The rising of the three-phase trapezoidal wave direct currents Iu, Iv, and Iw shown in FIG. 44 can be supplied by, for example, the unipolar SRM drive circuit shown in FIGS. As in the prior art, the switching elements of each phase can be fully turned on during the rising period of the three-phase trapezoidal wave direct currents Iu, Iv, Iw shown in FIG. 44, and the switching elements of each phase are PWM controlled during the subsequent current flat period. In the subsequent falling period, the switching element of each phase is turned off, and the regenerative current can flow through the flywheel diode.

(Additional description 3)
The three-phase circumferentially extending segment SRM (SRM having a rotor segment) described in FIG. 46 has a rising period of two-phase current out of the three-phase trapezoidal wave alternating currents Iu, Iv, Iw as illustrated in FIG. And the falling period overlap, the two-phase currents are in opposite phases by half-wave period, the two-phase inductance increase period and the inductance decrease period in which the current flows among the three phases Note the wrapping point. This means that the three-phase trapezoidal wave alternating currents Iu, Iv, Iw can be formed by a conventional three-phase inverter, and the change in current flowing from the power supply side to the SRM can be made extremely small. That is, the output current ripple of the motor power supply is reduced.
Furthermore, in FIG. 46, when attention is paid to the DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F around which a total of six DC coils 10 are wound, the three inductance increase periods and the remaining three inductance decrease periods overlap. Recognize. This means that when a total of six DC coils 10 are connected in series, the time change of the combined inductance change becomes very small. Therefore, it can be seen that the sum of the induced voltages of the six DC coils 10 connected in series is small despite the rotation of the rotor segments 21 to 24. This preferred characteristic of the circumferentially extending segment SRM of FIG. 44 with six alternating magnetic poles, six DC magnetic poles and four rotor segments was not previously known.

(Additional description 4)
As shown in FIG. 53, the double coil type three-phase SRM shown in FIG. 50 overlaps the rising and falling periods of the two-phase currents of the three-phase trapezoidal wave alternating currents Iu, Iv, and Iw. In other words, the amplitude of one-phase alternating current is twice the amplitude of the other two-phase alternating current, resulting in an opposite phase, and the two-phase current of the three-phase trapezoidal wave alternating currents Iu, Iv, Iw It should be noted that the rising period and the falling period overlap, and the inductance increasing period and inductance decreasing period of two of the three phases overlap. This means that the three-phase trapezoidal wave alternating currents Iu, Iv, Iw can be formed by a conventional three-phase inverter, and the change in current flowing from the power supply side to the SRM can be made extremely small. That is, the output current ripple of the motor power supply is reduced.
Further, in FIG. 50, when attention is paid to the DC magnetic poles 10A to 10F around which a total of six DC coils 10 are wound, the three inductance increase periods and the remaining three inductance decrease periods overlap. Recognize. Therefore, it can be seen that the sum of the induced voltages of the six DC coils 10 connected in series is small despite the rotation of the rotor segments 21 to 24. Further, since the total change in the alternating current of each phase shown in FIG. 53 is small, when a total of six DC coils 10 are connected in series, the power transfer by the transformer action from the AC coils 51 to 56 to the DC coils 61 to 66 is performed. Becomes smaller. Therefore, it can be seen that the sum of the induced voltages of the six DC coils 10 connected in series is small despite the rotation of the rotor segments 21 to 24. In the conventional three-phase SRM having four rotor magnetic poles protruding from the common rotor yoke, the above-mentioned preferable characteristics can be obtained by concentrated winding of six AC coils and six DC coils around the six stator magnetic poles. It was not known in the past.

(Additional description 5)
In the above-described three-phase axially extending segment SRM, for example, as shown in FIG. 73, a ring coil is adopted as a DC coil and an AC coil, and, for example, as shown in FIG. It has not been known in the past to alternately arrange alternating magnetic poles in the axial direction.
If these axially extending segment SRMs have a three-phase configuration, the total current change of the AC coils (stator coils) of each phase is reduced, and the current change of each DC coil connected in series is also reduced. This is the same as the above-described SRM in which the stator magnetic poles are connected by the stator yoke. These have not been known so far. Further, the three-phase stator magnetic pole is arranged on the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor, and the front and rear one-phase stator magnetic poles are arranged on the inner side in the radial direction of the axial projecting portion of the rotor to ensure the stability of the rotor. However, it has not been conventionally known that the axial length of the motor can be shortened.

(Additional description 6)
The double coil type three-phase SRM shown in FIG. 80 is obtained by changing the rotor of the double coil type SRM shown in FIG. 50 from a conventional common rotor yoke structure to a structure having two rotor segments. As shown in FIGS. 54 and 82, the double-coil type three-phase SRM in FIG. 80 has a small total three-phase alternating current as in the double-coil type SRM in FIG. 50, and the direct current flowing through the DC coils connected in series. It will be understood that also becomes smaller. Conventionally, it has not been known that the above-mentioned preferable characteristics can be obtained in a three-phase circumferentially extending segment SRM having six stator magnetic poles and two rotor segments.

(Additional description 7)
58 and 59, for example, the U-phase current substantially rises before the U-phase inductance increase period (periods t1 to t4 in FIG. 58, periods t3 to t6 in FIG. 59), It almost falls after that. “Almost” here means preferably 75% or more, more preferably 90% or more. Since the reluctance torque is proportional to the square of the current and the rate of change of the inductance, the torque change can be made substantially constant by making the current substantially constant during the inductance increase period. When this new driving method is applied to, for example, a three-phase SRM, it is preferable that the inductance increase period of each phase is continuous in sequence (FIG. 59). As a result, the resultant torque ripple is greatly increased as shown in FIG. As a result, the combined torque becomes almost constant.
However, in the three-phase currents Iu, Iv, and Iw in FIG. 59, the rising period of each phase (for example, the period t2 to t3 in the U-phase current IU) is the falling period of the previous phase (for example, the falling of the W-phase current IW). The falling period of each phase (for example, the period t6 to t7 for the U-phase current IU) is implemented later than the rising period of the next phase (for example, the rising period of the V-phase current IW). Is done.

Therefore, this new multiphase SRM driving method is performed by a motor driving circuit capable of independently controlling each phase current. Use of a conventionally known three-phase inverter for controlling a three-phase star-shaped stator coil or the like is not preferable. Preferably, the above-described unipolar SRM drive circuit can be employed. When an alternating current (AC current) is adopted as each phase current, each phase current is preferably driven by a single-phase full bridge circuit (so-called H bridge).
In this new multiphase SRM driving method, it is preferable that the inductance waveform of each phase has a bottom period in which the minimum level lasts for a predetermined time and a peak period in which the maximum level lasts for a little time. Further, in the electric operation, it is preferable to set the rising period of each phase current to the bottom period and the falling period to the peak period. Thereby, reverse torque does not occur in these periods. The IC in FIG. 58 shows an example in which the current rising period and falling period are set outside the inductance increasing period.
The inductance peak period can be formed by not matching the circumferential width of the stator magnetic pole and the circumferential width of the rotor magnetic pole. The bottom period of the inductance can be formed by not matching the circumferential width of the circumferential gap (so-called slot) between the stator magnetic poles and the circumferential width of the rotor magnetic pole.

  Preferably, the inductance of the phase coil includes a bottom period in which a substantially flat small value continues for a predetermined period, a peak period in which a substantially flat large value continues for a predetermined period, an increasing period in which the bottom period increases from the peak period, and a peak value It is preferable to have a substantially trapezoidal time waveform with a decreasing period that decreases from the bottom period to the bottom period. In this way, energization of the phase coil is started at the end of the bottom period, a substantially constant current is energized over almost the entire subsequent increase period, and a regenerative current after energization is stopped at the beginning of the subsequent peak period. By doing so, a rectangular wave-like torque can be generated. At this time, by setting the increase period of the second phase coil substantially continuously with the increase period of the first phase coil, a constant combined torque can be formed by the continuous rectangular wave torque. In the operation mode that emphasizes efficiency, the rise in the bottom period and the fall in the peak period are suppressed to reduce copper loss, and in the operation mode that emphasizes the reduction of torque ripple and noise, the rise of the bottom period is performed. Torque ripple and noise can be suppressed by sufficiently raising and falling during the peak period. This new SRM drive method with low torque ripple and resulting noise has not been known.

FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of the single-phase reluctance motor according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a modification of the first embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the single phase reluctance motor of Embodiment 1. FIG. (A) is a coil non-energized state, (B) is a figure which shows the state which electrically supplied the coil to one direction. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the single phase reluctance motor of Embodiment 1. FIG. (C) is a coil non-energized state, (D) is a figure which shows the state which electrically supplied the coil to the opposite direction. FIG. 5 is a radial cross-sectional view of a single-phase reluctance motor according to a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating an example of a circuit that supplies a direct current to the DC magnetic pole winding coil according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a circumferential development view of a stator magnetic pole in a multi-phase reluctance motor having a plurality of stator magnetic pole rows in the axial direction according to a third embodiment. It is an axial sectional view of the multi-phase reluctance motor of the third embodiment. (A) is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 6, (B) is the sectional view on the BB line of FIG. It is a model side view of the linear motor type moving apparatus of Embodiment 5. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the axial direction of a single-phase reluctance motor according to a sixth embodiment. It is a radial direction partial side view of the single phase reluctance motor of FIG. It is an axial sectional view showing the segment for the rotor of FIG. It is an axial sectional view showing the segment for the rotor of FIG. FIG. 11 is a circumferential schematic development view showing the operation of the single-phase reluctance motor of FIG. 10. (A), (B), (C) shows a state in which the rotor position is changed. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the axial direction of a single-phase reluctance motor of Example 7. It is an axial direction schematic cross section which shows the deformation | transformation aspect of the single phase reluctance motor of FIG. FIG. 10 is a circumferential development view showing a stator magnetic pole arrangement of a reluctance motor according to an eighth embodiment. (A), (B), (C) shows a state in which the rotor position is changed. FIG. 10 is a circumferential development view showing a stator magnetic pole arrangement of a single-phase reluctance motor of Example 9. (A), (B), (C) shows a state in which the rotor position is changed. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the axial direction of an outer rotor type single-phase reluctance motor of Example 10. FIG. 20 is a partial side view in the axial direction of the single-phase reluctance motor of FIG. 19. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a three-phase reluctance motor of Example 11. (A) and (B) are deviated by an electrical angle π. FIG. 22 is a circumferential development view showing an arrangement of stator magnetic poles and rotor segments of the three-phase reluctance motor of FIG. 21. FIG. 22 is a circumferential development view showing an arrangement of stator magnetic poles and rotor segments of the three-phase reluctance motor of FIG. 21. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a modified embodiment of Example 11. (A) and (B) are deviated by an electrical angle π. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a modified embodiment of Example 11. (A) and (B) are deviated by an electrical angle π. FIG. 3 is a circumferential development view showing the arrangement of stator magnetic poles and rotor segments of a single-phase reluctance motor having a large reluctance torque. FIG. 16 is a circumferential development of the three-phase reluctance motor according to the twelfth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a circumferential development of a stator magnetic pole of a three-phase reluctance motor according to a thirteenth embodiment. It is a circumferential direction developed view showing a modification of the thirteenth embodiment. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the axial direction of a three-phase reluctance motor according to a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 16 is a circumferential development of a stator magnetic pole of a three-phase reluctance motor according to a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 17 is a circumferential development view showing the shape of a steel plate that constitutes a rotor segment of a reluctance motor according to a fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 17 is a circumferential development view showing a modification of the fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 18 is a partial side view showing the shapes of a stator magnetic pole and a rotor segment of a reluctance motor according to a sixteenth embodiment. FIG. 18 is an axial cross-sectional view of a radial compressor integrated reluctance motor according to a seventeenth embodiment. FIG. 36 is an axial sectional view showing a modification in which a radial gap type reluctance motor is adopted as the reluctance motor integrated with the radial compressor shown in FIG. 35. FIG. 19 is a schematic radial sectional view of a reluctance motor according to an eighteenth embodiment. FIG. 38 is a schematic radial sectional view showing a state in which the rotor is rotated 90 degrees with respect to FIG. It is a radial direction schematic cross section which shows the state which the rotor rotated 90 degree | times with respect to FIG. FIG. 40 is a radial schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the rotor is rotated 90 degrees with respect to FIG. 39. FIG. 25 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view in a stable state A of an SRM according to a nineteenth embodiment. Radial direction schematic sectional view in the stable state C of the SRM of the nineteenth embodiment Radial direction schematic sectional view in the stable state E of the SRM of the nineteenth embodiment 20 is a timing chart of phase currents according to the nineteenth embodiment. It is a radial direction schematic cross section of the conventional SRM. FIG. 22 is a schematic radial sectional view of an SRM according to a twentieth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic radial sectional view of an SRM according to a twentieth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic radial sectional view of an SRM according to a twentieth embodiment. 21 is a timing chart illustrating a waveform of a phase current according to the twentieth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the radial direction of an SRM according to a twenty-first embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the radial direction of an SRM according to a twenty-first embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the radial direction of an SRM according to a twenty-first embodiment. 22 is a timing chart illustrating a phase current waveform according to the twenty-first embodiment. FIG. 22 is a block circuit diagram showing a current circuit example of the twenty-first embodiment. FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram illustrating a motor drive circuit according to a twenty-second embodiment. FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram illustrating a motor drive circuit according to a twenty-third embodiment. FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram illustrating a motor drive circuit according to a twenty-fourth embodiment. FIG. 26 is a timing chart showing phase current waveforms according to the twenty-fifth embodiment. FIG. 26 is a timing chart illustrating a composite torque waveform according to a twenty-fifth embodiment. FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram illustrating a motor drive circuit according to a twenty-sixth embodiment. It is shown in the timing chart which shows the deformation | transformation aspect of Embodiment 26. FIG. FIG. 38 is a schematic half sectional view in the axial direction of an SRM according to a twenty-seventh embodiment. FIG. 64 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view in the axial direction of the pole teeth of the SRM of FIG. 62. FIG. 29 is a schematic axial sectional view of a claw pole type stepping motor according to a twenty-eighth embodiment. FIG. 65 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view showing a modification of the stator core of FIG. 64. FIG. 65 is a partial front view (a view seen in the axial direction) of the motor of FIG. 64. FIG. 65 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view illustrating an enlarged tip portion of the nail pole of FIG. 64. FIG. 67 is a schematic partial perspective view illustrating a manufacturing process of the stator core of FIG. 64. FIG. 30 is a schematic axial sectional view of a hybrid stepping motor according to a twenty-ninth embodiment. FIG. 70 is a schematic partial front view of the stator core of FIG. 69. FIG. 70 is a circumferential partial development view showing a deformation mode of a soft magnetic plate constituting the stator core of FIG. 69. FIG. 32 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view showing a Landell rotor core according to a thirtieth embodiment. (A) is an axial schematic half sectional view of the SRM of Embodiment 31, and (B) is a circumferential partial development view showing the stator magnetic pole arrangement. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the radial direction of the SRM according to Embodiment 31. FIG. FIG. 34 is a partial cross-sectional view in the axial direction of an SRM according to a thirty-second embodiment. It is a partial side view of the stator and rotor of Embodiment 32. (A) is a front view of the ring coil of the ring coil SRM of Embodiment 33, (B) is a top view of this ring coil. FIG. 78 is a schematic diagram showing a method of winding a ring coil made of a spirally wound copper plate shown in FIG. 77 around a stator segment of an axially extending segment RM. FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram showing a method of winding a ring coil made of a spirally wound copper plate around a stator segment of a radially extending segment RM of the thirty-fourth embodiment. FIG. 36 is a radial direction schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an SRM of an embodiment 34. FIG. 36 is a radial direction schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an SRM of a thirty-fifth embodiment. It is a timing chart which shows the waveform of the electric current and inductance of SRM of FIG. FIG. 38 is a block circuit diagram illustrating a rotor angle detection circuit according to a thirty-seventh embodiment. It is a block circuit diagram which shows the SRM apparatus of each Example. It is a timing chart which shows the waveform of a synthetic | combination current and an inductance in the case of supplying a sine wave AC current to the AC coil of the SRM using a DC coil and an AC coil.

Claims (37)

A stator having a soft magnetic stator core around which a stator coil is wound, a rotor disposed on the peripheral surface of the stator so as to be relatively rotatable with a small gap therebetween, and a motor drive circuit for driving the stator coil,
The stator facing surface of the rotor has low magnetic resistance portions and high magnetic resistance portions alternately at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and the stator core has a plurality of stator magnetic poles protruding toward the rotor at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. In a switched reluctance motor having
The motor driving circuit applies an alternating voltage of a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave to the AC coil as the stator coil,
The stator includes a DC coil wound around the stator magnetic pole by a concentrated winding method or a ring coil winding method, or a permanent magnet fixed to the stator magnetic pole, and has a DC magnetic flux source for flowing a DC magnetic flux to the stator magnetic pole. A switched reluctance motor. The stator magnetic pole has alternating magnetic poles that are alternately excited by the AC coil and DC magnetic poles that are DC-excited by the DC magnetic flux source in a substantially circumferential direction,
The rotor has a plurality of soft magnetic rotor segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction,
The circumferential length of the rotor segment is larger than the sum of the circumferential width Wa of the alternating magnetic pole, the circumferential width Ws of the DC magnetic pole, and the gap width Wg between the alternating magnetic pole and the DC magnetic pole, and smaller than Wa + Ws + 3Wg. Formed,
The switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the AC coil is concentratedly wound around the alternating magnetic poles to alternately excite the alternating magnetic poles.   3. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 2, comprising 2N (N is an integer) alternating magnetic poles, 2N (N is an integer) DC magnetic poles, and 2N rotor segments.   A plurality of single-phase motors each having the alternating magnetic pole, the direct-current magnetic pole, and the rotor segment are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the rotors of the plurality of single-phase motors are fixed to the same rotating shaft, and have different phases of current. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 3, which is energized.   3. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 2, comprising 6N (N is an integer) alternating magnetic poles, 6N (N is an integer) DC magnetic poles, and 4N rotor segments.   The switched reluctance motor according to claim 2, wherein the DC magnetic flux source has a DC coil concentratedly wound around the DC magnetic pole. The stator core has a plurality of soft magnetic stator segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction,
Each stator segment has alternating magnetic poles as the stator magnetic poles that are alternately excited by the stator coil and DC magnetic poles as the stator magnetic poles that are DC-excited by the DC magnetic flux source in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction. Have
Each stator segment has a total of three or more of the alternating magnetic poles and the DC magnetic poles,
The rotor has a plurality of soft magnetic rotor segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction,
The plurality of rotor segments have a length capable of magnetically short-circuiting the first and second rows of stator magnetic poles in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of the stator segments adjacent in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. It is possible to magnetically short-circuit the first and second rotor segments having the second and third rows of stator poles in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of the stator segments adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. The second rotor segment having a length,
The circumferential relative position between the first and second stator magnetic poles and the first row of rotor segments is the circumferential direction between the second and third stator magnetic poles and the second row of rotor segments. Different relative position,
The stator coil is separately accommodated in two slots between the first to third stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction, and penetrates each stator segment in the substantially circumferential direction. Ring-shaped first and second ring coils which are separately accommodated in one slot and surround the axis,
2. The motor driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein first and second phase currents having a phase difference corresponding to a difference between the two circumferential relative positions are separately supplied to the first and second ring coils. Switched reluctance motor.   The switched reluctance motor according to claim 7, wherein the DC magnetic flux source has a DC coil concentratedly wound around the DC magnetic pole.   8. The DC magnetic flux source according to claim 7, wherein the DC magnetic flux source includes a DC coil configured by a ring coil that is disposed between the alternating magnetic pole and the direct-current magnetic pole that are adjacent to each other in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction. Switched reluctance motor. The stator segment and the rotor segment are formed by laminating a plurality of soft magnetic steel plates extending in the axial direction in a tangential direction of the rotor,
The switched reluctance motor according to claim 7, wherein radial end portions of the stator segment and the rotor segment are arranged with a step between each other so as to be approximately circular as a whole. The rotor segment is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the non-magnetic boss portion fitted to the rotating shaft and protrudes on both axial sides of the boss portion.
The switched reluctance motor according to claim 7, wherein the ring coil and the stator magnetic pole are disposed on both radial sides of the protruding portion of the rotor segment. Having M (M is an integer of 4 or more) stator poles arranged at different positions in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction,
The AC coil has M-1 ring coils arranged separately between the stator magnetic poles,
8. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 7, wherein the motor drive circuit separately supplies M−1 phase currents having phase angles shifted from each other by a predetermined electrical angle to the M−1 ring coils. 9. In addition to the AC coil as the stator coil, the stator has a DC coil that is energized with a direct current to form a direct magnetic flux in the stator magnetic pole,
The motor drive circuit forms an AC magnetic flux on the stator magnetic pole in the same direction as a DC magnetic flux formed on the stator magnetic pole by the DC coil during an inductance increase period of the AC coil, and The switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein an alternating magnetic flux is formed on the stator magnetic pole in a direction opposite to the direct magnetic flux.   14. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the motor drive circuit forms the AC magnetic flux that is substantially equal to the amount of the DC magnetic flux and in the opposite direction during an inductance reduction period of the AC coil.   The motor driving circuit forms the AC magnetic flux that is substantially equal to and opposite to the amount of the DC magnetic flux during the inductance reduction period of the AC coil in the high-efficiency operation mode. 14. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the AC magnetic flux that is 20 to 50% larger than the amount of the DC magnetic flux and has a reverse direction is formed during an inductance reduction period.   The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the DC coil and the AC coil are concentratedly wound around the same stator magnetic pole.   The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, further comprising a capacitor connected in parallel to the plurality of DC coils that are separately concentrated and wound around the plurality of different stator magnetic poles and connected in series to each other.   The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the DC coil is configured by a ring coil that is disposed between the two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction and surrounds the shaft center.   The switched reluctance according to claim 13, further comprising capacitors connected in parallel to the plurality of ring coils as the DC coils, which are separately arranged at different positions in a substantially radial direction or a substantially axial direction and connected in series to each other. motor.   The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the AC coil is configured by a ring coil that is disposed between the two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction and surrounds the axis. The stator core has 6N (N is an integer) stator magnetic poles,
The rotor has 2N soft magnetic rotor segments extending in the circumferential direction having a circumferential length capable of magnetically shorting two stator poles adjacent in the circumferential direction,
The stator coil is a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave that is separately concentrated and wound around the first, second, and third stator magnetic poles arranged in order in the circumferential direction and has a phase separated from each other by an electrical angle of 2π / 3. It has U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coils as AC coils through which direct current is passed,
The stator magnetic pole of each phase has a DC coil concentratedly wound around each stator magnetic pole,
14. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein a direct current is applied to the DC coil in a direction to reduce the amount of magnetic flux of the stator magnetic pole during an inductance reduction period of the AC coil wound around the same stator magnetic pole. A stator having a soft magnetic stator core around which a stator coil is wound, a rotor disposed on the peripheral surface of the stator so as to be relatively rotatable with a small gap therebetween, and a motor drive circuit for driving the stator coil,
The stator facing surface of the rotor has low magnetic resistance portions and high magnetic resistance portions alternately at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and the stator core has a plurality of stator magnetic poles protruding toward the rotor at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. In a switched reluctance motor having
The stator core has a plurality of soft magnetic stator segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction,
Each stator segment has three or more stator magnetic poles formed at a predetermined pitch in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction,
The rotor has a plurality of soft magnetic rotor segments arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction and extending in a substantially axial direction or a substantially radial direction,
The plurality of rotor segments have a length capable of magnetically short-circuiting the first and second rows of stator magnetic poles in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of the stator segments adjacent in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. It is possible to magnetically short-circuit the first and second rotor segments having the second and third rows of stator poles in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction of the stator segments adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction. The second rotor segment having a length,
The circumferential relative position between the first and second stator magnetic poles and the first row of rotor segments is the circumferential direction between the second and third stator magnetic poles and the second row of rotor segments. Different relative position,
The stator coil is separately accommodated in two slots between the first to third stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction, and penetrates each stator segment in the substantially circumferential direction. Having first and second ring coils separately accommodated in one slot,
The motor driving circuit supplies a first and a second phase current having a phase difference corresponding to a difference between the two circumferential relative positions separately to the first and second ring coils. Switched reluctance motor. The stator segment and the rotor segment are formed by laminating a plurality of soft magnetic steel plates extending in the axial direction in a tangential direction of the rotor,
23. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 22, wherein the radial ends of the stator segment and the rotor segment are arranged with a step between each other so as to be approximately circular as a whole. The rotor segment is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the non-magnetic boss portion fitted to the rotating shaft and protrudes on both axial sides of the boss portion.
The switched reluctance motor according to claim 22, wherein the ring coil and the stator magnetic pole are disposed on both radial sides of the protruding portion of the rotor segment.   23. A switched switch according to claim 22, further comprising a DC coil that is disposed between the two stator magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the substantially axial direction or the substantially radial direction and that is configured by a ring coil that surrounds the shaft center and is supplied with a direct current. Reluctance motor.   26. Switched reluctance according to claim 25, further comprising capacitors connected in parallel to the plurality of ring coils as the DC coils, which are separately arranged at positions different from each other in a substantially radial direction or a substantially axial direction and connected in series to each other. motor. The ring coil is formed by spirally winding a long insulating coated conductive metal plate having a substantially constant thickness in a substantially axial direction or a radial direction that is an arrangement direction of the plurality of stator magnetic poles of the stator segment,
The switched reluctance motor according to claim 22, wherein each turn of the ring coil is stacked in a substantially axial direction or a radial direction, which is an arrangement direction of the plurality of stator magnetic poles of the stator segment.   23. The stator core has a C-shaped core having a C-shaped cross section that wraps a portion other than the rotor side of the ring coil and is configured by laminating soft magnetic steel plates in a direction away from the ring coil. Switched reluctance motor.   The C-shaped core is configured by spirally winding a long soft magnetic steel plate with projecting portions for constituting the stator magnetic poles projecting on both sides in the width direction, and bending the projecting portions toward the rotor. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 28. A stator having a soft magnetic stator core around which a stator coil is wound, a rotor disposed on the peripheral surface of the stator so as to be relatively rotatable with a small gap therebetween, and a motor drive circuit for driving the stator coil,
The stator facing surface of the rotor has low magnetic resistance portions and high magnetic resistance portions alternately at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and the stator core has a plurality of stator magnetic poles protruding toward the rotor at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. In a switched reluctance motor having
A unipolar type motor drive circuit for applying a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave DC voltage to the plurality of phase coils forming the stator coil at different timings;
The switched reluctance motor, wherein the motor drive circuit includes an acceleration circuit that accelerates a rising period or a falling period of a phase current energized to the phase coil.   The acceleration circuit includes a high side switch that connects a high potential end of a DC power source and a high potential end of a phase coil, a low side switch that connects a low potential end of the DC power source and a low potential end of the phase coil, A low-side diode connecting the low-potential end of the DC power supply and the high-potential end of the phase coil; a reactor and a high-side diode connected in series; and the high-potential end of the DC power supply and the low potential of the phase coil The switched reluctance motor according to claim 30, further comprising a high-side bypass circuit connecting the ends. One end of the reactor is connected to the high potential end of the DC power supply,
32. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 31, wherein the other end of the reactor is connected to a low potential end of different phase coils through the different high side diodes.   The acceleration circuit includes a high side switch that connects a high potential end of a DC power source and a high potential end of a phase coil, a low side switch that connects a low potential end of the DC power source and a low potential end of the phase coil, A reactor having one end connected to the high potential end of the DC power source, an acceleration switch connecting the other end of the reactor and the low potential end of the DC power source, and a connection point between the reactor and the acceleration switch as the phase The switched reluctance motor according to claim 30, further comprising a high-side diode connected to a high potential end of the coil.   34. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 33, wherein a connection point between the reactor and the acceleration switch is connected to the other end of different phase coils through the different high side diodes. The acceleration circuit includes a switching element that connects a low potential end of the phase coil and a low power supply bus, and a diode for preventing backflow,
A connection point between a low-potential end of the phase coil and a high-potential end of the switching element and a high-potential end of the assist coil are connected through the backflow prevention diode, and the phase coil is turned off when the switching element is turned off. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 30, wherein the magnetic energy is supplied to the assist coil. A stator having a soft magnetic stator core around which a stator coil is wound, a rotor disposed on the peripheral surface of the stator so as to be relatively rotatable with a small gap therebetween, and a motor drive circuit for driving the stator coil,
The stator facing surface of the rotor has low magnetic resistance portions and high magnetic resistance portions alternately at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and the stator core has a plurality of stator magnetic poles protruding toward the rotor at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. In a switched reluctance motor having
A unipolar type motor drive circuit for applying a substantially trapezoidal wave or a substantially rectangular wave DC voltage to the plurality of phase coils forming the stator coil at different timings;
The motor drive circuit energizes a current equal to or greater than a predetermined value of the maximum value of the energization current to the phase coil before the start point of the inductance increase period of the phase coil, and the end point of the inductance increase period of the phase coil A switched reluctance motor characterized by attenuating a current equal to or greater than a predetermined percentage of the maximum value of the energization current to the phase coil later. The inductance of the phase coil increases when the rotor rotates, a bottom period in which a substantially flat small value continues for a predetermined period, a peak period in which a substantially flat large value continues for a predetermined period, and an increase from the bottom period to the peak period. Having a substantially trapezoidal time waveform having a period and a decreasing period decreasing from the peak value to the bottom period;
37. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 36, wherein the motor drive circuit starts energization of the phase coil in the bottom period and ends the energization in the subsequent peak period.

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