JP2010072417A - Electronic musical instrument and musical sound creating program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately realize a timbre change based on jerk which is a change amount of acceleration.
A CPU calculates a jerk caused by pressing a key on a keyboard, and when the jerk A ′ is | A ′ | ≦ a (a is a predetermined positive threshold value), first waveform data is calculated. When the jerk A ′ is A ′> a, the second waveform data having higher harmonics than the waveform of the first waveform data is selected, and the jerk A ′ is A ′ <−. When a, the third waveform data having less higher harmonics than the waveform of the first waveform data is selected. The CPU 11 refers to the table for the selected waveform data, obtains the velocity associated with the key pressing speed, and includes the pitch of the key pressed, information on the selected waveform data, and velocity. Generate control information.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that controls a timbre by using jerk, which is a change amount of acceleration in operation of a performance operator.

  A switch for each key is arranged on a performance operator of an electronic musical instrument, for example, a keyboard, and whether a key is pressed or released is determined by turning on or off the switch. For example, when two switches are arranged for each key and the two switches are sequentially turned on according to the stroke accompanying the depression of the key, the key positions x1, x2 at which the switches are turned on, the on time t1, On the basis of t2, the key pressing speed V = (x2-x1) / (t2-t1) is calculated. In the electronic musical instrument, the velocity indicating the strength of the generated tone signal is controlled according to the key pressing speed.

Further, a configuration has been proposed in which three switches are arranged for each key, and these switches are sequentially turned on according to the stroke accompanying the depression of the key. For example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 include a time tr1 from when the first switch is turned on to the time when the second switch is turned on, and a time tr2 from when the second switch is turned on to when the third switch is turned on. A method for controlling a musical sound to be output based on the ratio tr2 / tr1 has been proposed. Also in Patent Document 3, the musical tone is similarly controlled based on the ON ratio between the switches.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-54235 Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-54234 JP 2000-194363 A

The amount of change in speed, that is, acceleration can be detected by three switches. However, in the actual performance of the acoustic piano, there are cases where the acceleration at the initial stage of the key pressing starts and the acceleration at the end of the keyboard at which the key pressing ends.
For example, the performer may initially press the key with a normal force and release the force just before hitting the string. On the other hand, there is a case in which the player initially presses the key with a normal force and further applies a force just before hitting the string. In both cases, the acceleration is considered to change. Actually, the former achieves a relatively gentle reverberation even when the volume is large, and the latter realizes a brilliant reverberation with a high sound volume and high harmonics. As described above, in an actual performance such as an acoustic piano, the acceleration changes depending on how the player's keystroke force is applied, and this causes a variety of sound quality changes.
However, since the conventional electronic musical instrument does not have a configuration for detecting the amount of change in acceleration, a realistic performance expression like an acoustic piano cannot be achieved.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that can appropriately realize a timbre change based on jerk, which is a change in acceleration.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention
An electronic musical instrument that generates musical sound data based on operation of a performance operator,
Waveform data storage means for storing waveform data;
Detecting means for detecting an operation amount of the performance operator;
Jerk detection means for detecting jerk due to operation of the performance operator based on the operation amount detected by the detection means;
In response to operation of the performance operator, reading of the waveform data stored in the waveform data storage means is started, and higher harmonics are generated as the jerk detected by the jerk detection means increases. A lot of waveform data is read, and a tone signal data generating means for generating tone signal data based on the read waveform data;
It is provided with.

The invention according to claim 2
The performance operator is a key, and for each key, four switches that are sequentially turned on when the key is pressed are provided,
The jerk detection means includes:
A key-pressing speed detecting means for detecting an on-timing difference of each of the switches when the key is pressed, and detecting a key-pressing speed between the switches based on each timing difference;
Acceleration detecting means for detecting an acceleration between the detected key pressing speeds;
Jerk detection means for detecting jerk between the detected accelerations;
It is characterized by having.

In the invention of claim 3,
The waveform data storage means stores a plurality of waveform data having different high-order harmonics,
The musical tone signal data generating means stores waveform data containing a lot of higher harmonics as the jerk detected by the jerk detecting means increases in response to an operation of the performance operator. Read out from the means.

In invention of Claim 4,
The plurality of waveform data includes first, second, and third waveform data having different high-order harmonics,
The musical tone signal data generating means includes
When the jerk A ′ is | A ′ | ≦ a (a is a predetermined positive threshold), the first waveform data is read, and when the jerk A ′ is A ′> a, the first When the second waveform data having more higher harmonics than the waveform of the waveform data of No. 1 is read and the jerk A ′ is A ′ <− a, the second higher harmonics are less than the waveform of the first waveform data. 3 waveform data is read out.

In the invention according to claim 5,
The musical tone signal data generating means includes
Table storage means for storing a table defining the relationship between the key pressing speed and velocity for each waveform data;
Based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means, a table corresponding to the waveform data read from the waveform data storage means based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means is the table memory means. Table selection means to select from,
Velocity control means for reading the velocity from the selected table based on the key depression speed detected by the key depression speed detection means, and generating musical tone signal data based on the velocity and the read waveform data;
It further has these.

In the invention of claim 6,
The table storage means stores a plurality of tables for each waveform data, and the plurality of tables are further divided into a plurality of table groups according to an acceleration range,
The musical tone signal data generating means includes
Table group selecting means for selecting a table group for selecting any one of the first, second and third table groups for each waveform based on the acceleration detected by the speed detecting means; ,
Based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means, a table corresponding to the waveform data read from the waveform data storage means based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means is the table memory means. Table selection means to select from,
Velocity control means for reading the velocity from the selected table based on the key depression speed detected by the key depression speed detection means, and generating musical tone signal data based on the velocity and the read waveform data;
It further has these.

In the invention of claim 7,
The musical tone signal data generation means includes a higher harmonic overtone as the jerk detected by the jerk detection means increases with respect to the waveform data read from the waveform data storage means. And a filter means for performing a filtering process.

The invention in claim 8 is:
A computer having waveform data storage means for storing waveform data and applied to an electronic musical instrument for generating musical sound data based on operation of a performance operator,
A waveform data storage step for storing waveform data;
A detection step of detecting an operation amount of the performance operator;
A jerk detection step for detecting jerk due to operation of the performance operator based on the operation amount detected in the detection step;
Waveform data that starts reading out the waveform data stored in the waveform data storage means in response to the operation of the performance operator and includes a lot of higher harmonics as the detected jerk increases. Is read out, and a tone signal data generation step for generating tone signal data based on the read waveform data;
Is executed.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to provide the electronic musical instrument which can implement | achieve the change of the timbre based on the jerk which is the variation | change_quantity of an acceleration like an acoustic piano, and a realistic performance expression is possible.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment includes a CPU 11, a ROM 12, a RAM 13, a sound system 14, a display unit 15, a keyboard 17, and an operation unit 18.

  The CPU 11 controls the entire electronic musical instrument 10, detects on / off of keys on the keyboard 17, detects operation of switches (not shown) constituting the operation unit 18, and controls the sound system 14 according to operation of the keyboard 17 and switches. I do. In particular, in the present embodiment, the CPU 11 calculates a key pressing speed, acceleration, jerk, and the like based on turning on a plurality of switches arranged on each key of the keyboard 17, and controls for generating a tone signal based on the calculation result. Various processes such as information generation are executed.

  The ROM 12 detects the on / off state of the keys constituting the keyboard 17, the switches constituting the operation unit 18, the key pressing speed, acceleration, jerk, and the like based on the on of a plurality of switches arranged on each key of the keyboard 17. And a processing program for generating control information for generating a musical sound signal based on the calculation result is stored. The RAM 13 stores a program read from the ROM 12 and data generated in the course of processing. The ROM 12 also has a data area for storing waveform data for generating musical sounds such as piano, guitar, bass drum, snare drum, and cymbal. As will be described later, the present embodiment has three waveform data with different amounts of high-order overtones for each tone color such as piano and guitar.

  The sound system 14 includes a sound source unit 21, an audio circuit 22, and a speaker 23. For example, when the tone generator 21 receives control information including the pitch information, tone color information, waveform data selection information, and velocity information of the depressed key from the CPU 11, the tone generator 21 reads the tone color information and waveform data from the data area of the ROM 12. The waveform data according to the selection information is read out, and musical tone data based on the pitch indicated by the pitch information and the intensity according to the velocity information is generated and output. The audio circuit 22 D / A converts and amplifies the musical sound data. Thereby, an acoustic signal is output from the speaker 23.

  The electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment generates a musical tone based on the key depression of the keyboard 17. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure of a keyboard according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing in more detail a switch part of a key having a keyboard. As shown in FIG. 2, the keyboard 17 according to the present embodiment has a plurality of keys 7. Although the white key is shown in FIG. 2, the black key has the same structure as the white key except that the key length and the vertical arrangement position thereof are different. In FIG. 2, the keyboard chassis 1 has a locking window 1a at a vertical portion at one end thereof, and a hole 1b is formed in a flat portion at a substantially central portion. A printed circuit board 6 is disposed on the back side (lower side) of the flat part of the keyboard chassis 1, and a switch member 4 having an elastic projecting part 3 projecting from the hole 1 b is attached to the printed circuit board 6. The switch member 4 has a plurality of movable contacts 2a to 2d (see FIG. 3), each of which can come into contact with fixed contacts 5a to 5d (see FIG. 3) formed on the printed circuit board 6. .

  A locking portion 8 formed at one end in the longitudinal direction of the keyboard 7 is locked by a locking window 1 a, and the key 7 is biased upward by a spring 9. A pressing portion 16 is formed in a lower central portion of the key 7 at a position facing the switch member 4. When the key 7 is depressed, the key 7 is moved downward against the biasing force of the spring 9, and the protrusion 3 of the switch member 4 is pressed by the pressing portion 16. Accordingly, the movable contacts 2a to 2d and the fixed contacts 5a to 5d are sequentially brought into contact with each other.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing an AA section of the key 7 and shows the switch unit 4 in more detail. As shown in FIG. 10, in the present embodiment, the switch member 4 is formed with extending portions 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d extending downward in the short side direction of the keyboard. The extension portions 19a to 19d are successively shorter in length. The movable contacts 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and the ratio of the distance from the fixed contact is “1: 2: 3: 4”.

  The movable contacts 2a to 2d are attached to the lower ends of the extensions 19a to 19d, respectively. The fixed contacts 5a to 5d are arranged so as to face the movable contacts 2a to 2d. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a contact state according to a key depression (key stroke). In FIG. 4, the set of the movable contact 2a and the fixed contact 5a is the switch 1 (SW1), the set of the movable contact 2b and the fixed contact 5b is the switch 2 (SW2), and the set of the movable contact 2c and the fixed contact 5c is the switch 3 ( SW3), a set of the movable contact 2d and the fixed contact 5d is a switch 4 (SW4).

  In the present embodiment, the movable contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and the ratio of the distance from the fixed contact is “1: 2: 3: 4”. Therefore, when the key stroke (see arrow 300 in FIG. 3) is 20%, SW1 is on, 40% is SW2 is on, 60% is SW3 is on, and 80% is SW4 is on. The displacements x1 to x4 correspond to the distance between the fixed contact and the movable contact. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the speed, acceleration, and jerk by detecting the times t1 to t4 when the switches SW1 to SW4 are turned on.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing processing executed by the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment. The CPU 11 of the electronic musical instrument 10 performs, for example, initialization processing including clearing of control information, such as key pressing information (ON times and OFF times of the switches SW1 to SW4 of each key) and pronunciation information temporarily stored in the RAM 13. (Step 501). When the initialization process (step 501) is completed, the CPU 11 detects a switch operation of the operation unit 18 and executes a switch process for executing a process according to the detected operation (step 502). In the switch process, switching of a timbre designation switch (not shown) is detected. Further, in the present embodiment, with respect to the key pressing operation, in the normal mode in which the velocity of the tone signal is controlled by referring only to the key pressing speed, or for the key pressing operation. In consideration of jerk, it is possible to operate in any one of the key depression modes under the jerk mode in which the velocity of the tone signal is controlled. Therefore, the operation of the mode designation switch is also detected in step 502. In the present embodiment, “velocity” means a velocity defined in a so-called MIDI standard and indicates the strength of a musical sound. Therefore, in this specification, “velocity” is distinguished from the keystroke speed.

  In accordance with the switch state detected in the switch process (step 502), the tone color information and the information indicating the key pressing mode are stored in the RAM 13. Next, the CPU 11 generates image data to be displayed on the display unit 15 and displays it on the screen of the display unit 15 (step 503). For example, on / off of an LED (not shown) arranged adjacent to the switch of the operation unit 18 is also performed in step 503.

  Thereafter, the CPU 11 detects the on / off state of each key on the keyboard 17 (step 504). As described above, in the embodiment, four switches SW1 to SW4 are arranged for each key. Therefore, in step 504, the CPU 11 detects the state of each of the four switches of each key, and stores the time when the switch is turned on in the RAM 13 for the newly turned on switch. Similarly, the CPU 11 stores the time when the switch is newly turned off in the RAM 13 for the switch newly turned off.

  Next, the CPU 11 provides control information for generating musical tone signal data with a predetermined pitch, tone color, waveform data, and velocity according to the key pressed according to the set key pressing mode. 21 (step 505). In the performance process of step 505, when the sound source unit 21 receives the control information from the CPU 11, the tone generator unit 21 reads predetermined waveform data of the designated tone color from the data area of the ROM 12 at a speed according to the pitch and designates the designated tone data. A tone signal is generated with velocity. Thereafter, the CPU 11 performs other necessary processing for operating the electronic musical instrument 10 (step 506) and returns to step 502.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the performance processing according to the present embodiment in more detail. As shown in FIG. 6, the CPU 11 determines whether or not there is a newly pressed key (step 601). In the present embodiment, as the key is depressed and the key stroke (see reference numeral 300 in FIG. 3) is increased, the contacts come into contact and become conductive in the order of the switches SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4. The CPU 11 refers to the state of the switch stored in the RAM 15 by the key depression detection process (step 504), and when it finds a key in which all of the switches SW1 to SW4 are turned on newly, Yes in step 601. Judge.

  When it is determined Yes in step 601, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the performance mode is the jerk mode (step 602). If it is determined No in step 602, the CPU 11 executes a tone signal generation process in the normal mode (step 603). In step 603, as with a conventional electronic musical instrument, the key pressing speed of the key pressed is calculated, the velocity corresponding to the key pressing speed is calculated, the pitch pressed, the specified tone color, and the calculated key tone are calculated. The control information indicating the velocity is output to the sound source unit 21 and emitted from the speaker 23 via the audio circuit 22.

Here, the CPU 11 calculates the key pressing speed based on the time t1 when the switch SW1 is turned on to t4 when the switch SW4 is turned on, and the displacement from the position x1 of the switch SW1 to the position x4 of the switch SW4. Also good. Alternatively, the CPU 11
(1) t2 when switch SW2 is turned on from time t1 when switch SW1 was turned on, and displacement from position x1 of switch SW1 to position x2 of switch SW2 (2) switch SW3 from time t2 when switch SW2 was turned on And the displacement from the position x2 of the switch SW2 to the position x3 of the switch SW3. (3) From the time t3 when the switch SW3 is turned on, the t4 when the switch SW4 is turned on, and the position x3 of the switch SW3 The three speeds V2 to V4 may be calculated based on each of the displacements of the switch SW4 to the position x4, the average speed may be calculated, and the average speed may be used as the key pressing speed. As will be described later, in the present embodiment, three types of waveform data for a single tone color are stored in the data area of the ROM 12. In the normal mode, among the three types of waveform data, the first waveform data having a medium amount of higher harmonics is selected.

  When it is determined No in step 602, a musical sound signal generation process in the jerk mode is executed (step 604). The process in step 604 will be described later. Thereafter, the CPU 11 determines whether or not there is a key release (step 605). In the present embodiment, the CPU 11 refers to the state of the switch stored in the RAM 15 by the key depression detection process (step 504) and newly finds a key in which all the switches SW1 to SW4 are turned off. In step 605, it is determined Yes. If it is determined Yes in step 605, the CPU 11 outputs control information including information for instructing the pitch and mute of the released key to the sound source unit 21. The sound source unit 21 performs a mute process based on the received information (step 606).

  Next, the tone signal generation process (step 604 in FIG. 6) in the jerk mode will be described in more detail. 7 and 8 are flowcharts showing an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the jerk mode according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the CPU 11 obtains the on times t1 to t4 of the pressed keys SW1 to SW4 stored in the RAM 15 (step 701). From the acquired on times t1 to t4 and the positions x1 to x4 in the vertical direction of the switches SW1 to SW4 that are known in advance, the CPU 11 calculates speed, acceleration, and jerk.

The CPU 11 determines the speed V2 at time t2 as
V2 = (x2-x1) / (t2-t1)
(Step 702). The CPU 11 determines the speed V3 at time t3 as
V3 = (x3-x2) / (t3-t2)
(Step 703). Similarly, the CPU 11 determines the speed V4 at time t4 as
V4 = (x4-x3) / (t4-t3)
(Step 704).

Further, the CPU 11 calculates the acceleration A3 from time t1 to time t3.
A3 = (V3-V2) / (t3-t2)
(Step 705). Similarly, the CPU 11 calculates the acceleration A4 from time t2 to time t3.
A4 = (V4-V3) / (t4-t3)
(Step 706). Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the CPU 11 sets the jerk A ′, which is the amount of change in acceleration from time t3 to time t4, as A ′ = (A4−A3) / (t4−t3).
(Step 707). The process from step 701 to step 707 is the jerk calculation process (see reference numeral 700). Thereafter, the CPU 11 performs a waveform data selection process according to the calculated jerk A ′. As shown in FIG. 8, the CPU 11 determines whether the calculated A ′ is larger than a predetermined threshold “a”, in a range of “−a ≦ A ′ ≦ a”, or smaller than “−a”. Judgment is made (step 801). The threshold “a” is a positive value.

  When “−a ≦ A ′ ≦ a”, that is, “| A ′ | ≦ a”, the CPU 11 outputs the waveform data for generating the musical sound signal in the same manner as that read in the normal mode. 1 waveform data and a predetermined table are selected (step 802). On the other hand, if “A ′> a”, the CPU 11 selects the second waveform data and a predetermined table (step 803), while if “A ′ <− a”, The third waveform data and a predetermined table are selected (step 804). The table will be described in detail later.

  Here, the first waveform data and the third waveform data will be described. The following description will be given by taking as an example a timbre of a keyboard instrument, particularly a piano sounded by striking a string. On a piano, a hammer is swung by pressing a key (on a grand piano, the hammer is swung up), and is struck by striking a string. It is considered that the hammer speed, acceleration, and jerk during string striking influence the string striking as follows.

  When there is no change in speed, no distortion energy is accumulated in the hammer, and the string is struck only by the movement of the hammer.

  When acceleration occurs, a constant strain energy is accumulated in the hammer. Therefore, the string is struck by the force of the hammer's movement and stored energy.

  When jerk occurs, strain energy is accumulated while increasing. Therefore, the string is struck by the power of the hammer and the increasing stored energy. This stored energy is stored as elastic energy in the mechanical parts from the finger of the piano player to the hammer, and the elastic energy is considered to be proportional to the jerk.

  The effects of stored energy on the strings are considered as follows. Since the string has inertia, when the string is struck, it acts to keep the string in its position before the vibration at the string length starts. At this time, the struck hammer digs into the string. The amount of subsidence is considered to be proportional to the stored energy, and if the subsidence is large, it is considered that the generated sound contains more high-order overtones. On the other hand, when the depth of indentation is small, the overtones included in the generated sound are reduced, and the vibration component of the sound according to the string length is large.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the second waveform data selected when “jerk acceleration A ′> a” includes a higher number of higher harmonics than the waveform of the first waveform data. . On the other hand, the third waveform data selected when “jerk acceleration A ′ <− a” includes less higher-order harmonics than the waveform of the first waveform data.

  Next, the CPU 11 calculates an average speed V (step 805). For example, the average speed V may be calculated based on V = (V2 + V3 + V4) / 3. Thereafter, the CPU 11 refers to the table that defines the relationship between the average speed and the velocity for each of the first waveform data to the third waveform data stored in the ROM 12, and calculates the average for the selected waveform data. Control information including speed, information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and a pitch based on the pressed key is generated and output to the sound source unit 21 (step 806). The table defining the key pressing speed and the velocity is associated with the tone color and waveform data and stored in the ROM 12, and the velocity for generating a musical sound from the selected table sent to the sound source and the average speed. To get.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity. As shown in FIG. 9, when | A ′ | ≦ a (see reference numeral 901), the jerk is around “0”, the first waveform data is selected, and the first waveform data A table 911 defining between the average key pressing speed V and velocity is selected. The CPU 11 obtains a velocity associated with the average speed V in the table 911. When A> a, the second waveform data containing more higher harmonics is selected, and the table 912 defining the average speed V of the key press and the velocity for the second waveform data. Is selected. The CPU 11 obtains a velocity associated with the average speed V in the table 912. Further, in the case of A <−a, the third waveform data containing a few high-order harmonics is selected, and the table 913 defining the average speed V of the key press and the velocity for the third waveform data. Is selected. The CPU 11 refers to the table 913 and obtains a velocity associated with the average speed V.

  The sound source unit 21 reads waveform data at a speed according to the pitch from any of the first waveform data to the third waveform data according to the control information, and generates and outputs musical tone signal data according to the velocity. To do.

  According to the present embodiment, calculation is performed from the first waveform data to the nth waveform data in which higher harmonics increase as the jerk increases in accordance with the range of jerk by key depression. Predetermined waveform data is selected according to the range of the jerk range. Further, the CPU 11 refers to a table for the selected waveform data, obtains a parameter (velocity) value for changing the musical tone characteristic associated with the key pressing speed, and obtains the pitch of the pressed key. The control information including the information of the selected waveform data and the value of the parameter is generated and output to the sound system 14 including the sound source unit 21. As a result, it is possible to generate a musical sound based on the waveform data considering the jerk.

  In the present embodiment, when the jerk A ′ is | A ′ | ≦ a (a is a predetermined positive threshold), the first waveform data is selected, and the jerk A ′ is A ′> When a, the second waveform data having higher harmonics than the waveform of the first waveform data is selected, and when the jerk A ′ is A ′ <− a, the first waveform data The third waveform data having less higher harmonics than the waveform is selected. In this way, increasing the amount of data and the amount of calculation by preparing three waveform data that increases the higher harmonics in order by dividing the jerk into three, negative, near zero, and positive Therefore, it is possible to generate a musical sound based on jerk more effectively.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the parameter that changes the musical tone characteristic is velocity indicating the strength of the musical tone. By changing the velocity, the change in volume due to the key pressing speed (change in sound intensity can be appropriately represented. Alternatively, the parameter for changing the musical sound characteristic may be a filter characteristic. A change in the degree of reverberation due to the key pressing speed can be appropriately represented.

  In addition, by storing the first waveform data to the third waveform data in the ROM 12, it is not necessary to calculate different waveform data such as a filter calculation.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, there are three types of conditions of different waveforms in the configuration of the first invention, and these types are switched within the range of acceleration. The jerk cannot be obtained unless the keyboard stroke is displaced up to SW4, but the acceleration can be obtained faster. For this reason, by preparing an optimal waveform and table corresponding to the acceleration in advance, it is possible to select a waveform closer to the performance form than in the first invention, and more effective performance is possible. 10 to 12 are flowcharts illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the second embodiment. FIG. 10 is executed subsequent to the process of FIG. 7 (the jerk calculation process 700) according to the first embodiment.

  The CPU 11 refers to the acceleration A3 to determine whether the acceleration A3 is larger than the threshold “b”, in the range of “−b ≦ A3 ≦ b”, or smaller than “−b” (step 1001). . For example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the acceleration A3 is in the range of “−b ≦ A3 ≦ b”, the CPU 11 then determines whether the jerk A ′ is greater than a predetermined threshold “a” or “ It is determined whether it is in the range of −a ≦ A ′ ≦ a ”or smaller than“ −a ”(step 1002). This is the same as step 801 in FIG. Steps 1003 to 1006 executed thereafter are substantially the same as steps 802 to 805 in FIG.

  Also, when the acceleration A3 is greater than “b”, as shown in FIG. 11, the CPU 11 then determines whether the jerk A ′ is greater than a predetermined threshold “a” or “−a ≦ A ′ ≦ It is determined whether it is in the range of “a” or smaller than “−a” (step 1101). Also in FIG. 11, steps 1102 to 1105 executed subsequently are substantially the same as steps 802 to 805 of FIG. Further, even when the acceleration A3 is smaller than “−b”, as shown in FIG. 12, the CPU 11 then determines whether the jerk A ′ is larger than a predetermined threshold “a” or “−a ≦ A ′”. It is determined whether it is within the range of ≦ a ”or smaller than“ −a ”(step 1201). Also in FIG. 12, steps 1202 to 1205 executed subsequently are almost the same as steps 802 to 805 of FIG.

  In FIG. 10, in step 1007 following calculation of the average speed in step 1006, the CPU 11 generates control information for sound generation for the sound source. That is, for each of the first waveform data to the third waveform data stored in the ROM 12, the CPU 11 calculates the average speed and velocity with respect to the acceleration range (A3 <b |) (first acceleration range). Referring to the table that defines the relationship, for the selected waveform data, generates control information including the average speed, information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and the pitch based on the key pressed And output to the sound source unit 21 (step 1007).

  In FIG. 11, subsequent to step 1105, the CPU 11 determines the acceleration range “A3> b” (second acceleration) for each of the first to third waveform data stored in the ROM 12. Referring to a table that defines the relationship between average speed and velocity with respect to (range), for selected waveform data, based on the average speed, information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and the key pressed Control information including the pitch is generated and output to the sound source unit 21 (step 1106). Similarly, in FIG. 12, following step 1205, the CPU 11 determines the acceleration range “A3 <−b” (third) for each of the first to third waveform data stored in the ROM 12. Referring to a table that defines the relationship between the average speed and velocity with respect to the acceleration range of the selected waveform data, the average speed, the information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and the key pressed The control information including the pitch based on is generated and output to the sound source unit 21 (step 1206).

  As in the first embodiment, the waveform of the second waveform data includes more high-order harmonics than the first waveform data, while the waveform of the third waveform data Compared with the waveform data of 1, there are few higher harmonics. Furthermore, since the first to third waveform sets are made different from each other, a more realistic sound can be generated.

  Hereinafter, a table defining the relationship between the average speed and the velocity for each of the first acceleration range to the third acceleration range will be described. FIG. 13A illustrates the waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity for the second acceleration range, and FIG. 13B illustrates the first acceleration range. FIG. 13C is a diagram for explaining the waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity. FIG. 13C shows the waveform data for each jerk range for the third acceleration range; It is a figure explaining the table which prescribed | regulated the average speed and velocity.

  As shown in FIG. 13A, in the second acceleration range (A3> b), the velocities in each of the tables 1301 to 1303 are relatively higher than those of the tables 1311 to 1313 shown in FIG. Value. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13C, in the third acceleration range (A3 <−b), the velocities in the respective tables 1321 to 1323 are compared with the tables 1311 to 1313 shown in FIG. The value is relatively low.

  Thus, in the second embodiment, even if the jerk is the same and the same waveform data is selected, the velocity varies depending on the acceleration range. Thereby, when the acceleration is a positive value (larger than the threshold value b), a stronger musical tone can be generated even if it is based on the same waveform, and the acceleration is a negative value (smaller than the threshold value -b). In some cases, weaker musical tones can be generated even if they are based on the same waveform.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the third embodiment, in the process, the velocity is defined after referring to the speed range prior to the determination based on the jerk range. In the second invention, the determination part at the acceleration A3 before the determination of jerk is changed to the speed V2. The acceleration A3 can be calculated at the timing of the displacement X3, but the velocity V2 can be calculated at the timing of the displacement X2 faster than that. As a result, an optimum waveform set (one set of the three types of waveforms used in the first invention) can be selected in advance before the jerk is obtained, thereby reducing the concentration of processing by the CPU and performing. It is possible to output a waveform that reproduces a person's expression more realistically.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the third embodiment. FIG. 14 is executed subsequent to the process of FIG. 7 (the jerk calculation process 700) according to the first embodiment.

  The CPU 11 refers to the speed V2 and determines whether the speed V2 is equal to or higher than the threshold “d”, is in the range of “c ≦ V2 <d”, or is smaller than the threshold “c” (step 1401). . The processing in steps 1402 to 1407 is the same as that in steps 1002 to 1007 in FIG. However, in step 1407, the CPU 11 relates to the speed range (c ≦ V2 <d) (first speed range) for each of the first waveform data to the third waveform data stored in the ROM 12. Referring to a table defining the relationship between average speed and velocity, for selected waveform data, the average speed, information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and the pitch based on the key pressed The control information including is generated and output to the sound source unit 21.

  When the speed V2 is equal to or higher than the threshold value “d”, it is almost the same as FIG. However, instead of step 1106, the CPU 11 relates to the speed range “V2 ≧ d” (second speed range) for each of the first waveform data to the third waveform data stored in the ROM 12. With reference to a table that defines the relationship between average speed and velocity, for selected waveform data, the average speed, information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and the pitch based on the key pressed, Is generated and output to the sound source unit 21.

  Further, when the speed V2 is smaller than the threshold “c”, it is almost the same as FIG. However, instead of step 1206, the CPU 11 regards the speed range “V2 <c” (third speed range) for each of the first waveform data to the third waveform data stored in the ROM 12. With reference to a table that defines the relationship between average speed and velocity, for selected waveform data, the average speed, information indicating the selected waveform data and table, and the pitch based on the key pressed, Is generated and output to the sound source unit 21.

  Also in the third embodiment, the table defining the relationship between the average speed and the velocity for each of the first acceleration range to the third acceleration range is the same as that shown in FIG. For example, FIG. 13A shows waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity for the second speed range, and FIG. 13B shows the first speed range. FIG. 13C shows waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity. FIG. 13C shows the waveform data for each jerk range and the average speed for the third speed range. And a table defining the velocity.

  According to the third embodiment, even if the jerk is the same and the same waveform data is selected, the velocity varies depending on the speed range. Thereby, when the speed is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold “d”, a stronger musical tone can be generated even when based on the same waveform, and when the speed is lower than the predetermined threshold “c”. Can generate weaker musical tones based on the same waveform.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

  In the present embodiment, when the jerk is small (the jerk A ′ <− a) according to the jerk range, the third waveform data with relatively few high-order harmonics, the jerk is “0”. When it is in the vicinity (| A ′ | ≦ a), the normal first waveform data, and when the jerk is large (jerk A ′> a), the second waveform data with a relatively high number of higher harmonics is obtained. Each tone color is stored in the ROM 12 and any waveform data is read out according to the jerk range. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, there is only one type of waveform data stored in the ROM 12 for the tone color, and the filter control parameters such as the cutoff of the digital filter may be changed according to the jerk. With such a configuration, the amount of waveform data can be reduced.

  In this example, as shown in FIG. 15, the sound system 14 is provided with a filter circuit 30. When the jerk is small (the jerk A ′ <− a), the high-order overtone is relatively small. 3 is given from the CPU 11 to the filter circuit 30, and the waveform data is filtered according to the third filter characteristic to generate third waveform data.

  When the jerk is in the vicinity of “0” (| A ′ | ≦ a), the normal first filter characteristic is given from the CPU 11 to the filter circuit 30, and the waveform data is filtered according to the first filter characteristic. Processing is performed to generate first waveform data. Further, when the jerk is large (the jerk A ′> a), the second filter characteristic such that the high-order harmonics are relatively large is given from the CPU 11 to the filter circuit 30, and the second filter characteristic is obtained. Therefore, the waveform data is filtered and second waveform data is generated.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a table defining the relationship between velocity and key pressing speed is stored in the ROM 12, and the acceleration range and the jerk range, or the speed range according to the jerk range. A predetermined table is selected and referred to in accordance with the range of jerk. However, the table is not limited to one that defines the relationship between velocity and key press speed. For example, a filter control parameter such as a cutoff of a digital filter and a key pressing speed may be defined. Also in this case, as shown in FIG. 15, the sound system 14 is provided with a filter circuit 30, and based on the filter characteristics corresponding to the key depression speed given from the CPU 11, the filter circuit 30 applies to the waveform data. To perform filtering.

In the present embodiment, the jerk is divided into three ranges. When the jerk is small (jerk A ′ <− a), when the jerk is near “0” (| A ′ | ≦ a ), Three waveform data that increase the higher harmonics are used in the order of increasing jerk (jerk acceleration A ′> a). However, the number of waveform data is not limited to this, and n pieces of waveform data (from the first waveform data to the nth waveform data) whose higher harmonics increase as the jerk increases are used. May be.
Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, a keyboard having a plurality of keys is used as a group of performance operators. However, the performance operators are not limited to the keyboard, and other forms such as a pad of an electronic drum may be used. It may be taken. Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, each key of the keyboard is provided with four switches that are sequentially turned on when the key is pressed, and the key pressing speed is determined based on the key pressing time and the switch position of the four switches. However, the calculation of the jerk is not limited to this, and other detection means such as an acceleration sensor is arranged on the performance operator to calculate the jerk. May be.
In the embodiment, the tone generator 21 generates tone signal data of the pitch of the pressed key. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and control information indicating the key pressed by the CPU 11 is given to the sound source unit 21, and the sound source unit 21 may be configured to generate musical tone signal data having a certain pitch. good.
Further, instead of the SW1 to SW4, the jerk can be obtained from a pressure change detected by a load cell or a sheet-like pressure sensor. Such a pressure sensor can be used as a detection means for detecting an operation amount. May be.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure of the keyboard according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the switch part of the keyboard in more detail. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a contact state according to a key depression (key stroke). FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing processing executed by the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the performance processing according to the present embodiment in more detail. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the second embodiment. FIG. 13A illustrates the waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity for the second acceleration range, and FIG. 13B illustrates the first acceleration range. FIG. 13C is a diagram for explaining the waveform data for each jerk range and a table defining the average speed and velocity. FIG. 13C shows the waveform data for each jerk range for the third acceleration range; It is a figure explaining the table which prescribed | regulated the average speed and velocity. FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a musical sound signal generation process in the acceleration mode according to the third embodiment. FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 Electronic musical instrument 11 CPU
12 ROM
13 RAM
14 Sound System 15 Display Unit 17 Keyboard 18 Operation Unit 21 Sound Source Unit 22 Audio Circuit 23 Speaker

Claims (8)

An electronic musical instrument that generates musical sound data based on operation of a performance operator,
Waveform data storage means for storing waveform data;
Detecting means for detecting an operation amount of the performance operator;
Jerk detection means for detecting jerk due to operation of the performance operator based on the operation amount detected by the detection means;
In response to operation of the performance operator, reading of the waveform data stored in the waveform data storage means is started, and higher harmonics are generated as the jerk detected by the jerk detection means increases. A lot of waveform data is read, and a tone signal data generating means for generating tone signal data based on the read waveform data;
Electronic musical instrument with The performance operator is a key, and for each key, four switches that are sequentially turned on when the key is pressed are provided,
The jerk detection means includes:
A key-pressing speed detecting means for detecting an on-timing difference of each of the switches when the key is pressed, and detecting a key-pressing speed between the switches based on each timing difference;
Acceleration detecting means for detecting an acceleration between the detected key pressing speeds;
Jerk detection means for detecting jerk between the detected accelerations;
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1. The waveform data storage means stores a plurality of waveform data having different high-order harmonics,
The musical tone signal data generating means stores waveform data containing a lot of higher harmonics as the jerk detected by the jerk detecting means increases in response to an operation of the performance operator. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, which is read out from the means. The plurality of waveform data is composed of first, second, and third waveform data having different high-order harmonics, and the musical sound signal data generating means includes:
When the jerk A ′ is | A ′ | ≦ a (a is a predetermined positive threshold), the first waveform data is read, and when the jerk A ′ is A ′> a, the first When the second waveform data having more higher harmonics than the waveform of the waveform data of No. 1 is read and the jerk A ′ is A ′ <− a, the second higher harmonics are less than the waveform of the first waveform data. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the waveform data of 3 is read out. The musical tone signal data generating means includes
Table storage means for storing a table defining the relationship between the key pressing speed and velocity for each waveform data;
Based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means, a table corresponding to the waveform data read from the waveform data storage means based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means is the table memory means. Table selection means to select from,
Velocity control means for reading out velocity from the selected table based on the key depression speed detected by the key depression speed detection means, and generating tone signal data based on the velocity and the read waveform data;
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, further comprising: The table storage means stores a plurality of tables for each waveform data, and the plurality of tables are further divided into a plurality of table groups according to an acceleration range,
The musical tone signal data generating means includes
Table group selecting means for selecting a table group for selecting any one of the first, second and third table groups for each waveform based on the acceleration detected by the speed detecting means; ,
Based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means, a table corresponding to the waveform data read from the waveform data storage means based on the jerk detected by the jerk detection means is the table memory means. Table selection means to select from,
Velocity control means for reading the velocity from the selected table based on the key depression speed detected by the key depression speed detection means, and generating musical tone signal data based on the velocity and the read waveform data;
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, further comprising:   The musical tone signal data generation means includes a higher harmonic overtone as the jerk detected by the jerk detection means increases with respect to the waveform data read from the waveform data storage means. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising filter means for performing a filtering process on the electronic musical instrument. A computer having waveform data storage means for storing waveform data and applied to an electronic musical instrument for generating musical sound data based on operation of a performance operator,
A waveform data storage step for storing waveform data;
A detection step of detecting an operation amount of the performance operator;
A jerk detection step for detecting jerk due to operation of the performance operator based on the operation amount detected in the detection step;
Waveform data that starts reading out the waveform data stored in the waveform data storage means in response to the operation of the performance operator and includes a lot of higher harmonics as the detected jerk increases. Is read out, and a tone signal data generation step for generating tone signal data based on the read waveform data;
Music generation program that executes

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