JP2010054399A - Noncontact measuring device and on-machine measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

A non-contact measuring apparatus capable of reducing the amount of data transmitted from a measuring head is provided.
A non-contact measuring apparatus includes a laser oscillator 11 that irradiates a work surface with laser light, and a CCD camera 12 that receives the laser light irradiated from the laser oscillator 11 and reflected by the work surface to generate two-dimensional image data. A distance calculation unit 23 that calculates the distance between the workpiece surface and the CCD camera 12 based on the generated two-dimensional image data, and a transmission / reception control unit 24 that transmits numerical data related to the calculated distance by wireless communication. A measuring head 10 having a radio 18 and a measuring head 10 configured to be detachable with respect to a spindle of a machine tool, and a receiving device for receiving distance data transmitted from the measuring head 10 by wireless communication, A processing device having a data processing unit for calculating the surface shape of the workpiece based on the received distance data and the position information obtained from the numerical control device of the machine tool Provided with a door.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a non-contact measuring apparatus that measures the shape of the surface of the object to be measured by irradiating the surface of the object to be measured from the measuring head mounted on the spindle of the machine tool, and the non-contact measuring apparatus. The present invention relates to an on-board measurement system.

  In the field of machining, it has been conventionally performed to measure the shape of the workpiece surface without removing the machined workpiece from the machine tool. And as a measuring apparatus used for such a measurement, there exists a non-contact measuring apparatus as disclosed by patent 3515023, for example.

  The non-contact measuring apparatus controls a spindle on which a tool is mounted, a table on which a workpiece is placed, a feed mechanism that relatively moves the spindle and the table in three orthogonal directions, and the feed mechanism. An imaging device that can be mounted on the spindle, a transmitter that is provided integrally with the imaging device, and a receiver that is connected to a monitor. A wireless communication device and a transparent sheet pasted on a display screen of a monitor and printed with a cross-shaped fixed point display mark.

  The imaging device captures a workpiece (object to be measured) on a table to generate two-dimensional image data, the transmitter transmits the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device, and the receiver The two-dimensional image data transmitted from the transmitter is received, and the received two-dimensional image data is enlarged and displayed on the display screen of the monitor.

  In this non-contact measuring apparatus, while the two-dimensional image data imaged and generated by the imaging device is displayed on the display screen of the monitor, the spindle and the table (imaging device and workpiece) are relatively moved by the feed mechanism unit, and the workpiece The measurement point and the center point of the fixed point display mark are made to coincide with each other, and the movement positions of the spindle and the table in the three orthogonal directions are obtained. In the same manner, the movement positions in the three orthogonal axes of the spindle and the table are obtained for a plurality of measurement points, and for example, the surface roughness of the workpiece is calculated based on the movement positions thus obtained. To do.

Japanese Patent No. 3515023

  However, the conventional non-contact measurement apparatus has a problem that the amount of data to be transmitted is very large because the two-dimensional image data captured and generated by the imaging apparatus is transmitted. In addition, when the amount of data to be transmitted increases, there is a problem that it takes time to transmit and receive data and it takes a long time to measure surface roughness.

  In addition, such a problem is caused by, for example, irradiating laser light from the measuring head toward the surface of the object to be measured, receiving the reflected laser light by the photodetector, and obtaining data relating to the light receiving position of the reflected laser light. The same occurs when transmitting to the data processing device side by wireless communication and calculating the surface shape of the object to be measured on the data processing device side.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a non-contact measurement apparatus capable of reducing the amount of data transmitted from the measurement head side, and an on-machine measurement system including the same. And

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A spindle on which a tool is mounted at the tip, a table on which a workpiece is placed, a feed mechanism section that relatively moves the spindle and the table along three orthogonal directions including the axial direction of the spindle, and the feed mechanism In a non-contact measuring device that is provided in a machine tool provided with a numerical control means for controlling a part, and that measures the shape of the workpiece surface,
A measuring head configured to be detachable with respect to the spindle; a light projecting means for irradiating the work surface with laser light; a light receiving means for receiving the laser light reflected by the work surface; and A measuring head having distance calculating means for calculating a distance between the workpiece surface and the measuring head based on received light data, and transmitting means for transmitting numerical data related to the distance calculated by the distance calculating means by wireless communication When,
Based on the receiving means for receiving the distance data transmitted from the measuring head by wireless communication, the distance data received by the receiving means, and the position information of the spindle and the table obtained from the numerical control means. A non-contact measuring apparatus, comprising: a processing apparatus including a data processing unit that calculates a surface shape of the non-contact measuring apparatus.

  According to this non-contact measuring apparatus, the spindle on which the tool is mounted and the table on which the workpiece is placed are moved relative to each other in the three orthogonal directions by the feed mechanism under the control of the numerical control means. Is processed, a measuring head is mounted on the spindle instead of a tool, and the shape of the workpiece (object to be measured) surface after processing is measured.

  Specifically, laser light is emitted from the light projecting means toward the work surface, and the irradiated laser light is reflected by the work surface and received by the light receiving means. A distance between the workpiece surface and the measurement head is calculated based on the received light data, and numerical data relating to the calculated distance is transmitted to the processing apparatus side by wireless communication by the transmitting means. The distance data transmitted from the measuring head side to the processing device side is received by wireless communication by the receiving means, and based on the received distance data and the spindle and table position information obtained from the numerical control means, the data processing means Thus, the surface shape of the workpiece is calculated.

  The surface shape of the workpiece to be calculated is not particularly limited. For example, the position in the principal axis direction at a certain point on the workpiece surface, the surface roughness of the workpiece, the contour shape of the workpiece surface, Tilt and flatness can be mentioned. In measurement, for example, the measurement head and the workpiece are positioned at predetermined positions so that the laser beam is irradiated toward a certain point on the workpiece surface, and the laser beam is irradiated, or the laser beam is continuously irradiated. However, the measuring head and the workpiece may be relatively moved in a plane orthogonal to the main axis.

  As described above, according to the non-contact measuring apparatus according to the present invention, numerical data related to the distance calculated by the distance calculating means is transmitted from the measuring head side to the processing apparatus side by wireless communication, that is, the calculation result. Since the numerical data related to is transmitted, the data necessary for calculating the distance between the workpiece surface and the measurement head is transmitted from the measurement head side compared to the case where data is transmitted from the measurement head side to the processing device side. The amount of data can be reduced. In addition, since the lightest numerical data is transmitted as data, it is optimal for reducing transmission data. In addition, since it takes less time to send and receive data, the shape of the workpiece surface can be measured efficiently in a short time.

The present invention also provides:
The non-contact measuring device;
A spindle on which a tool is mounted at the tip, a table on which a workpiece is placed, a feed mechanism section that relatively moves the spindle and the table along three orthogonal directions including the axial direction of the spindle, and the feed mechanism An on-machine measurement system comprising a machine tool provided with a numerical control means for controlling a part,
A primary side feeding coil provided at a position near the spindle tip of the machine tool; a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the feeding coil; and a light projecting means, a light receiving means, a distance provided in the measuring head. A non-contact power feeding means comprising a secondary receiving coil for supplying power to the calculating means and the transmitting means,
The power feeding coil and the power receiving coil are configured such that when the measuring head is mounted on the main shaft, both are close to each other and power is supplied from the power feeding coil side to the power receiving coil side. Related to on-board measurement system.

  According to this on-machine measurement system, when the measuring head is mounted on the main shaft, the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil come close to each other, and power is supplied from the power feeding coil side to which the voltage is applied by the voltage applying means to the power receiving coil side. As a result, power is supplied to the light projecting means, the light receiving means, the distance calculating means, and the transmitting means provided in the measuring head. In this way, by using non-contact power supply to supply power to the measurement head, it is possible to eliminate the need for a power cable for supplying power and improve the workability of the operator. Further, when a battery for power supply is provided in the measuring head, troublesome work such as battery charging work and remaining capacity management must be performed, but these work can be omitted.

  The machine tool further includes a tool changer comprising a tool magazine storing a plurality of tools, and an exchange mechanism for exchanging the tool stored in the tool magazine and the tool mounted on the spindle, The measurement head may be stored in the tool magazine and configured to be attached to and detached from the main shaft by the exchange mechanism.

  This is convenient because the measuring head can be automatically attached to and detached from the spindle by the tool changer. In addition, workpiece processing and workpiece measurement after processing can be performed automatically and continuously, which is efficient.

  As described above, according to the non-contact measurement device and the on-machine measurement system according to the present invention, the amount of data transmitted from the measurement head side to the processing device side by wireless communication can be reduced, and the method is efficient and reliable. Data can be sent and received.

  Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an on-machine measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a state in which the measuring head according to the present embodiment is attached to a machine tool. It is sectional drawing shown. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the measuring head according to the present embodiment in a partial cross section, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the measuring head according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the data processing apparatus according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the on-machine measuring system 1 of this example irradiates a machine tool 60 and a laser beam toward the surface of the workpiece W, and receives the laser beam reflected by the surface of the workpiece W. Then, the distance between the surface of the workpiece W is calculated, the measurement head 10 that transmits data related to the calculated distance by wireless communication, and the distance data transmitted from the measurement head 10 is received by wireless communication and received. A non-contact measuring device 5 having a data processing device 40 for calculating the surface shape of the workpiece W based on the measured distance data and the like, and a non-contact power feeding device 30 for supplying power to the measuring head 10 in a non-contact manner. It is comprised so that the shape measurement of the surface of the workpiece | work W which is a target object may be performed.

  The machine tool 60 includes a bed 61, a column 62 disposed on the bed 61, a spindle head 63 supported by the column 62 and freely movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), and an axis line of the Z-axis. And a spindle 64 that is supported by the spindle head 63 so as to be rotatable about the axis and mounted with a tool, a saddle 65 that is disposed on the bed 61 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction), and a saddle 65 A table 66, which is movably disposed in the X-axis direction orthogonal to both the Z-axis and the Y-axis and on which the workpiece W is placed, and the spindle head 63, saddle 65 and table 66 are arranged in the Z-axis direction, A Z-axis feed mechanism (not shown), a Y-axis feed mechanism (not shown), and an X-axis feed mechanism (not shown) that are moved in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction, respectively, are attached to the main shaft 64. Tool changer 67 for exchanging a new tool with a new tool , And the like numerical controller 68 for controlling the operation of the feed mechanism and the tool changer 67.

  Further, the main shaft 64 is provided with a tapered hole 64a opened in the tip surface, and a collet 70 and a draw bar 71 for holding and fixing the tool are disposed in the tapered hole 64a. The collet 70 is configured so that a pull stud of the tool can be gripped by a tip portion thereof, and the draw bar 71 is provided to be engaged with the collet 70, and the tool is moved by moving the collet 70 and the draw bar 71 in the Z-axis direction. Can be attached and detached.

  The tool changer 67 includes a tool magazine in which a plurality of tools are stored, and an exchange mechanism for exchanging the tool stored in the tool magazine and the tool mounted on the spindle 64, although not particularly shown. In this replacement mechanism, first, a tool mounted on the main shaft 64 is pulled out, and then a new tool is mounted on the main shaft 64.

  The measuring head 10 receives a laser oscillator 11 that irradiates the surface of the work W with laser light, and a CCD camera 12 that receives the laser light irradiated from the laser oscillator 11 and reflected by the surface of the work W to generate two-dimensional image data. And between the laser oscillator 11 and the workpiece W, between the CCD 13 and the workpiece W, the prism 13 and the reflecting mirror 14 for guiding the laser light from the laser oscillator 11 to the surface of the workpiece W, The laser light reflected by the surface of the workpiece W is imaged on the imaging surface 12a of the CCD camera 12 (specifically, converged as an annular image), and the CCD camera 12 and the convex lens 16 A wireless device 18 having a diaphragm 17 disposed between them, an antenna 18a, and transmitting / receiving data to / from the data processing device 40, and a control device 19 , A laser housing 11, a CCD camera 12, a prism 13, a reflecting mirror 14, convex lenses 15 and 16, a diaphragm 17, a wireless device 18, a control device 19, and the like, and a cylindrical housing 20 at the upper end of the housing 20. A mounting member 21 that is fixed and has the same shape as the spindle mounting portion of the tool is provided, and is configured to be detachable from the spindle 64 of the machine tool 60.

  Further, the measurement head 10 is configured such that the distance in the Z-axis direction between the surface of the workpiece W and the measurement head 10 based on the two-dimensional image data generated by the CCD camera 12 (the laser beam irradiation point P on the surface of the workpiece W). Distance calculation unit 23 for calculating the distance between the image pickup surface 12a of the CCD camera 12 and the distance calculation unit 23 and the numerical value data (distance data) calculated by the distance calculation unit 23 to the data processor 40. And a transmission / reception control unit 24 that performs a process of transmitting via the transmission. The control device 19 includes the distance calculation unit 23 and the transmission / reception control unit 24.

  A pull stud 21 a is formed on the mounting member 21, and the pull stud 21 a is gripped by the collet 70 when the mounting member 21 is inserted into the tapered hole 64 a of the main shaft 64. .

  The CCD camera 12 includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a two-dimensional array of multiple rows and columns, digitizes a voltage signal output from each photoelectric conversion element in accordance with the received light intensity, and then converts the digitized signal to a gray level. It is converted into a value and output as two-dimensional grayscale image data.

  The distance calculation unit 23 binarizes the two-dimensional grayscale image data output from the CCD camera 12 with a predetermined threshold, extracts an annular image of reflected laser light based on the binarized image, and The diameter of the annular image is recognized, and the distance between the irradiation point P and the imaging surface 12a is calculated from the recognized diameter.

  The measuring head 10 is normally stored in the tool magazine of the tool changer 67, and is attached to the spindle 64 by the changing mechanism only when the workpiece W is measured.

  The non-contact power feeding device 30 is provided on a primary side feeding coil 31 provided on the machine tool 60 side, an AC power source 32 that applies an AC voltage to the feeding coil 31, and a measurement head 10 side. The CCD camera 12, the wireless device 18, the distance calculation unit 23, and the transmission / reception control unit 24 are each configured with a secondary power receiving coil 33 connected thereto.

  The power supply coil 31 is provided on the front end surface of the housing 63a constituting the main shaft head 63 and in the vicinity of the front end of the main shaft 64 via an attachment member 31a, and the power reception coil 33 is provided on the casing 20 of the measurement head 10. The mounting member 33a is formed so as to project in the radial direction of the housing 20, and the power receiving coil 33 is provided at the projecting end thereof. The power feeding coil 31 and the power receiving coil 33 are close to each other when the measuring head 10 is attached to the main shaft 64 and face each other with a predetermined interval. In addition, when the power supply coil 31 to which the AC voltage is applied and the power reception coil 33 face each other with a predetermined interval, an induced electromotive force is generated on the power reception coil 33 side from the magnetic flux generated on the power supply coil 31 side. Power is supplied from the 31 side to the power receiving coil 33 side, that is, power is supplied to the laser oscillator 11, the CCD camera 12, the wireless device 18, the distance calculation unit 23, and the transmission / reception control unit 24.

  The data processing device 40 includes an output device 41 for displaying and printing data, an antenna 42 a, a radio 42 for transmitting and receiving data to and from the measuring head 10, and the measuring head 10. A transmission / reception control unit 43 that performs processing for receiving the transmitted distance data (numerical data related to the distance) via the wireless device 42, and the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the spindle 64 and the table 66 from the numerical controller 68. A position data acquisition unit 44 for acquiring relative movement position data in the axial direction; a distance data storage unit 45 for storing the distance data received from the measurement head 10 and the relative movement position data acquired by the position data acquisition unit 44; And a data processing unit 46 for calculating the surface shape of the workpiece W based on the data stored in the distance data storage unit 45.

  The position data acquisition unit 44 measures the distance between the surface of the workpiece W and the CCD camera 12 (for example, when laser light is emitted from the laser oscillator 11 or when the shutter of the CCD camera 12 is released). The relative movement position data of the main shaft 64 and the table 66 is acquired, and the distance data storage unit 45 stores the distance data obtained from the measurement head 10 and the numerical control unit 68 as shown in FIG. The obtained relative movement position data is stored in association with each other.

  The data processing unit 46, for example, as the surface shape of the work W, for example, the position in the Z-axis direction at a certain point on the surface of the work W, the surface roughness of the work W, the contour shape of the surface of the work W, the surface shape of the work W Although it is configured to calculate inclination, flatness, etc., it is not limited to these.

  According to the on-machine measuring system 1 of the present example configured as described above, in the machine tool 60, under the control of the numerical control device 68, the spindle 64 on which the tool is mounted and the workpiece W by each feed mechanism unit. When the workpiece W is machined by being relatively moved in the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis direction with the table 66 on which is placed, the shape measurement of the surface of the workpiece W after machining is performed as follows. Is done.

  That is, first, under the control of the numerical controller 68, the tool changer 67 exchanges the measuring head 10 in the tool magazine and the tool of the spindle 64, whereby the measuring head 10 is mounted on the spindle 64. Thereafter, an AC voltage is applied to the power supply coil 31 by the AC power supply 32 of the non-contact power supply device 30, and the power reception coil 33 side (laser oscillator 11, CCD camera 12, wireless device 18, distance calculation unit 23, and transmission / reception control unit 24). Is supplied with power.

  Thereafter, for example, the measuring head 10 and the workpiece W are positioned at predetermined positions by the feed mechanism so that the laser beam is irradiated toward a certain point on the surface of the workpiece W, and the laser beam is irradiated. The measurement head 10 and the workpiece W are relatively moved by the feeding mechanism while being continuously irradiated.

  The irradiated laser light is reflected by the surface of the workpiece W and received by the CCD camera 12, thereby generating two-dimensional image data. Based on the generated two-dimensional image data, the distance calculating unit 23 Thus, the distance between the surface of the workpiece W and the CCD camera 12 is calculated. The calculated distance data is transmitted to the data processing device 40 via the wireless device 18 by the transmission / reception control unit 24.

  The transmitted distance data is received by the transmission / reception control unit 43 via the wireless device 42, and the relative movement position data of the spindle 64 and the table 66 at the time of distance measurement is acquired from the numerical controller 68 by the position data acquisition unit 44. The distance data and the relative movement position data are stored in association with the distance data storage unit 45. Then, based on the data stored in the distance data storage unit 45, the surface shape of the workpiece W is calculated by the data processing unit 46.

  In this way, the shape of the surface of the workpiece W is measured, and the measured data is output from the output device 41.

  Thus, according to the on-machine measurement system 1 of the present example, the distance between the surface of the workpiece W and the CCD camera 12 is calculated based on the two-dimensional image data generated by the CCD camera 12 and is calculated. Since the numerical data relating to the distance is transmitted from the measurement head 10 side to the data processing device 40 side by wireless communication, the two-dimensional image data is transmitted from the measurement head 10 side as compared with the case of transmitting the two-dimensional image data as it is to the data processing device 40 side. The amount of data to be processed can be reduced. In addition, since the lightest numerical data is transmitted as data, it is optimal for reducing transmission data. In addition, since it takes less time to transmit and receive data, the shape of the surface of the workpiece W can be measured efficiently in a short time.

  In addition, since power is supplied to the measuring head 10 by the non-contact power feeding device 30, it is possible to improve the workability of the operator by eliminating the need for a power cable for power supply. Further, when the measuring head 10 is provided with a battery for supplying power, troublesome work such as battery charging work and remaining amount management must be performed, but these work can be omitted.

  Further, since the measuring head 10 is attached to and detached from the spindle 64 by the tool changer 67, the measuring head 10 can be automatically attached and detached, which is convenient. In addition, the processing of the workpiece W and the measurement of the workpiece W after the processing can be performed automatically and continuously, which is efficient.

  As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, the specific aspect which this invention can take is not limited to this at all.

  In the above example, the optical system including the laser oscillator 11 and the CCD camera 12 is used for the measurement head 10. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the distance between the measurement head 10 and the surface of the workpiece W is calculated. Any optical system can be used. For example, the distance between the measuring head 10 and the surface of the workpiece W can be calculated using the principle of laser interference.

  Moreover, although the workpiece | work W was measured with the machine tool 60 of 3-axis control, the machine tool which measures the workpiece | work W is not limited at all, What kind of machine tool may be sufficient. Further, the function of the data processing device 40 may be provided in a control device of a machine tool including the numerical control device 68, and the control device of the machine tool and the data processing device 40 may be configured integrally.

It is the perspective view which showed schematic structure of the on-machine measuring system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed the machine tool attachment state of the measuring head concerning this embodiment in a partial cross section. It is sectional drawing which showed the schematic structure of the measuring head which concerns on this embodiment in the partial cross section. It is the block diagram which showed schematic structure of the measuring head which concerns on this embodiment. It is the block diagram which showed schematic structure of the data processor which concerns on this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the data structure of the data stored in the distance data storage part which concerns on this embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 On-machine measuring system 5 Non-contact measuring apparatus 10 Measuring head 11 Laser oscillator 12 CCD camera 18 Radio | wireless machine 23 Distance calculation part 24 Transmission / reception control part 30 Non-contact electric power supply 31 Power supply coil 32 AC power supply 33 Power receiving coil 40 Data processing apparatus 42 Wireless Machine 43 Transmission / reception control unit 44 Position data acquisition unit 45 Distance data storage unit 46 Data processing unit 64 Spindle 66 Table 67 Tool changer 68 Numerical control unit W Workpiece

Claims (3)

A spindle on which a tool is mounted at the tip, a table on which a workpiece is placed, a feed mechanism section that relatively moves the spindle and the table along three orthogonal directions including the axial direction of the spindle, and the feed mechanism In a non-contact measuring device that is provided in a machine tool provided with a numerical control means for controlling a part, and that measures the shape of the workpiece surface,
A measuring head configured to be detachable with respect to the spindle; a light projecting means for irradiating the work surface with laser light; a light receiving means for receiving the laser light reflected by the work surface; and A measuring head having distance calculating means for calculating a distance between the workpiece surface and the measuring head based on received light data, and transmitting means for transmitting numerical data related to the distance calculated by the distance calculating means by wireless communication When,
Based on the receiving means for receiving the distance data transmitted from the measuring head by wireless communication, the distance data received by the receiving means, and the position information of the spindle and the table obtained from the numerical control means. A non-contact measuring device comprising: a processing device having a data processing means for calculating the surface shape of the non-contact measuring device. A non-contact measuring device according to claim 1;
A spindle on which a tool is mounted at the tip, a table on which a workpiece is placed, a feed mechanism section that relatively moves the spindle and the table along three orthogonal directions including the axial direction of the spindle, and the feed mechanism An on-machine measurement system comprising a machine tool provided with a numerical control means for controlling a part,
A primary side feeding coil provided at a position near the spindle tip of the machine tool; a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the feeding coil; and a light projecting means, a light receiving means, a distance provided in the measuring head. A non-contact power feeding means comprising a secondary receiving coil for supplying power to the calculating means and the transmitting means,
The power feeding coil and the power receiving coil are configured such that when the measuring head is mounted on the main shaft, both are close to each other and power is supplied from the power feeding coil side to the power receiving coil side. On-machine measurement system. The machine tool further comprises a tool changer comprising a tool magazine storing a plurality of tools, and an exchange mechanism for exchanging the tool stored in the tool magazine and the tool mounted on the spindle,
3. The on-machine measuring system according to claim 2, wherein the measuring head is stored in the tool magazine and is configured to be attached to and detached from the main shaft by the exchange mechanism.

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