JP2010029376A - Dialyzer - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided a dialysis apparatus capable of avoiding stagnation of dialysate in a supply side line and a discharge side line in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and capable of restarting dialysis treatment immediately.
A dialysis machine comprising a supply side line for circulating a dialysate supplied to a dialyzer, a discharge side line for circulating the supplied dialysate, a dual pump and a dewatering pump (pump means). The apparatus main body 1 and the control means 12 are provided, and the dialyzer 2 can be connected to the tips of the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 at the time of dialysis treatment, and the supply side line 4 and In the dialysis apparatus that is connected to the tip of the discharge side line 5 and communicated, the control means 12 drives the pump means at an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and moves from the supply side line 4 to the discharge side line 5. The dialysis fluid is made to flow.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a dialysis apparatus for supplying or discharging dialysate to a blood purifier such as a dialyzer.

  In dialysis treatment, a dialyzer is connected in the middle of a blood circuit with a puncture needle connected to the tip, and the blood pump is driven to circulate the patient's blood extracorporeally in the blood circuit. The dialysis solution containing waste products is discharged while supplying the dialysis solution. That is, a permeation membrane such as a hollow fiber membrane is accommodated in the dialyzer, and a blood channel for circulating blood and a dialysate channel for circulating dialysate are formed through the permeation membrane. It is possible to purify the waste by permeating the waste in the dialysate and discharging it.

  The dialysis machine has a supply side line for circulating dialysate supplied to the dialyzer, a discharge side line for circulating dialysate discharged from the dialyzer, and a flow of dialysate from the supply side line toward the discharge side line. A dialysis machine main body having a pump means including a dual pump, a dewatering pump and the like that can be provided is provided. However, the supply side line tip and the discharge side line tip are respectively connected to the dialyzer and the pump means is driven so that the dialysate is supplied to the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer and passes through the dialysate flow path. Is configured to be discharged with waste.

  Further, in the conventional dialysis machine, the tip of the supply side line from which the dialyzer is removed and the tip of the discharge side line are connected by a connecting means such as a coupler in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and the supply side line and the discharge are discharged. Communication with the side line was possible. In addition, since this prior art does not relate to the literature known invention, there is no prior art document information to be described.

  However, in the conventional dialysis apparatus, the dialysate is supplied in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment and between dialysis treatments (when dialysis treatment is performed several times a day and during dialysis treatment is cool). It stayed in the side line and the discharge side line, and there was a problem from a hygienic viewpoint. Recently, a dialysis machine has been proposed in which washing water and disinfecting liquid are flowed to the supply side line and the discharge side line at the time when dialysis treatment is completed, and washing and disinfection are performed. In this case, the dialysis treatment that occurred in the next course or suddenly during the washing process and the disinfection process cannot be started immediately, and it is necessary to restart the dialysis treatment after sufficiently replacing the washing water or the disinfecting solution with the dialysis solution. There was also a defect that there was.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to avoid staying of dialysate in the supply side line and the discharge side line in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and to immediately perform dialysis treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide a dialysis apparatus that can be resumed.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a supply side line through which the dialysate supplied to the blood purifier flows, a discharge side line through which the dialysate discharged from the blood purifier flows, and a discharge side line from the supply side line A dialysis device main body having a pumping means capable of flowing dialysate toward the head, and a control means capable of controlling the driving of the pumping means during dialysis treatment, and leading ends of the supply side line and the discharge side line during dialysis treatment. In the dialysis apparatus in which the blood purifier can be connected to and connected by connecting the leading ends of the supply side line and the discharge side line in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment, the control means includes the dialysis treatment The pump means is driven at an arbitrary time zone other than the time, and the dialysate is caused to flow from the supply side line toward the discharge side line.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the dialyzer according to the first aspect, the arbitrary time zone other than the time of the dialysis treatment is a time zone between dialysis treatments in one day.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the dialysis apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means drives the pump means at a lower speed than during dialysis treatment in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, The dialysate is flowed at a low flow rate from the supply side line toward the discharge side line.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the dialysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control means intermittently drives the pump means in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, The dialysate is intermittently flowed from the supply side line toward the discharge side line.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the dialysis apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the dialysis apparatus body includes a bypass line communicating the supply side line and the discharge side line, and the bypass line. A bypass line electromagnetic valve disposed in the middle of the flow path and capable of opening and closing the flow path, and the control means includes the bypass line electromagnetic valve in addition to the pump means in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment. It is characterized by controlling the opening / closing operation of the valve.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the dialysis apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, further comprising a connection detecting means for detecting a connection between the tip of the supply side line and the tip of the discharge side line. The control means is characterized in that the pump means is driven in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment on condition of detection by the connection detection means.

  According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the control means drives the pump means in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment (particularly the time zone between dialysis treatments in one day in claim 2), and the supply side Since the dialysate flows from the line toward the discharge side line, it is possible to avoid stagnation of liquid in the supply side line and the discharge side line in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and to immediately resume dialysis treatment. be able to.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the dialysate is flowed at a low flow rate from the supply side line toward the discharge side line, the flow rate of the dialysate in any time zone other than during dialysis treatment is suppressed and the cost is reduced. be able to.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since the pump means is intermittently driven and the dialysate is allowed to flow intermittently from the supply side line toward the discharge side line, The flow rate can be suppressed and the cost can be reduced, and the cleaning effect on the supply side line and the discharge side line can be improved by intermittent flow.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the control means controls the opening / closing operation of the bypass line solenoid valve in addition to the pump means in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, the flow resistance of the bypass line is controlled by the supply side line. And even if it is a comparatively high case compared with a discharge side line, a dialysate can be reliably flowed with respect to the said bypass line.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the control means causes the pump means to be driven in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment on the condition of detection by the connection detection means, the front end of the supply side line and the discharge side line It is possible to avoid the flow of the dialysate in a state where the tip is not connected to the tip, and it is possible to reliably prevent malfunction.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the dialysis apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus main body 1 having a supply side line 4 and a discharge side line 5, and a control unit including a microcomputer disposed in the dialysis apparatus main body 1. The tip of the supply side line 4 and the tip of the discharge side line 5 are connected to the dialyzer 2 (blood purifier) to supply dialysate to the dialyzer 2 during dialysis treatment. And can be discharged. The dialyzer 2 has a hollow fiber membrane inside, and a dialysate flow channel and a blood flow channel are formed through the hollow fiber membrane.

  The dialysate flow path is a dialysate flow path through which the dialysate introduced from the supply side line 4 can be circulated and the dialysate discharged from the discharge side line 5. Is formed. The blood flow path is connected to the blood circuit 3, and in the process of circulating the patient's blood outside the body by the blood circuit 3, the contained waste materials pass through the hollow fiber membrane and flow in the dialysate flow path. Dialysis treatment is performed by reaching the dialysate.

  During the dialysis treatment, the supply line 4 is connected at its tip (one end) to the dialyzer 2 and at the other end to a clean water supply source. A plurality of components such as a gas chamber and a mixing chamber (both not shown) are connected. Thus, after the clean water flowing from the supply source and the dialysate stock solution sucked into the mixing chamber are mixed and adjusted to an appropriate concentration to prepare the dialysate, further downstream of the supply side line 4 It is made to flow to the side (dialyzer 2 and discharge side line 5 side).

  At the time of dialysis treatment, the discharge side line 5 has a tip (one end) connected to the dialyzer 2 and the other end connected to a drainage means (not shown). The dewatering line 8 is extended in such a way as to detour. In the middle of the water removal line 8, a water removal pump 9 for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing through the dialyzer 3 is disposed. The water removal pump 9 is a positive displacement pump (plunger pump).

  Further, a bypass line 6 is connected to the dialyzer body 1 so as to communicate the downstream side of the dual pump 7 in the supply side line 4 and the upstream side of the dual pump 7 in the discharge side line 5. The bypass line 6 includes a line that allows the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 to communicate with each other without using a coupler 10 (connecting means) described later, and a bypass that can open and close the flow path of the bypass line. A line solenoid valve V3 is provided.

  On the other hand, in the middle of the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 (on the downstream side from the connection part with the bypass line 6 in the supply side line 4 and upstream from the connection part with the bypass line 6 in the discharge side line 5), A supply-side solenoid valve V1 and a discharge-side solenoid valve V2 that can open and close each flow path are provided. These supply-side solenoid valve V1, discharge-side solenoid valve V2, and the above-described bypass line solenoid valve V3 are electrically connected to the control means 12 to be described later so that the opening / closing operation is controlled by the control means 12. It is configured.

  The compound pump 7 is disposed in the dialyzer main body 1 so as to straddle the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 and is composed of a quantitative type pump in which the supply side and the drainage side are substantially equal in volume and is driven. Thus, the dialysate is introduced from the supply side line 4 to the dialyzer 2 (blood purifier), and the dialysate introduced into the dialyzer 2 is discharged from the discharge side line 5 together with waste products. .

  Further, since the dual pump 7 is a fixed type, when the water removal pump 9 is driven, the volume of liquid discharged from the discharge side line 5 rather than the amount of dialysate introduced from the supply side line 4 as described above. The water is removed from the blood by the larger volume. The dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 constitute the pump means of the present invention (means capable of allowing the dialysate to flow from the supply side line 4 toward the discharge side line 5).

  However, at the time of dialysis treatment, as described above, the dialyzer 2 (blood purifier) can be connected to the tips of the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5, and the time zone other than the time of dialysis treatment (a plurality of times per day) In the case where dialysis treatment is performed and during the time between the dialysis treatments: between cool periods), as shown in FIG. 2, the distal ends (couplings) of the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 are bypass connectors. 10 can be connected and communicated. That is, except during dialysis treatment, the coupling formed at the tip of the supply side line 4 and the tip of the discharge side line 5 is connected by the bypass connector 10 so that the respective flow paths are short-circuited.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the connection detection means 11 for detecting the connection by the bypass connector 10 between the front end of the supply side line 4 and the front end of the discharge side line 5 is provided. It is possible to detect that the end of the line is connected normally. In other words, the connection detection means 11 can detect not only the state where the ends of both lines are not connected but also the state where they are connected but not normally connected.

  In this embodiment, the dialysis machine body 1 is provided with a connector receptacle (not shown) in which a bypass connector 10 in a state where the tip of the supply side line 4 and the tip of the discharge side line 5 are connected and connected can be installed. The connection by the bypass connector 10 between the tip of the supply side line 4 and the tip of the discharge side line 5 is detected by detecting whether or not the bypass connector 10 is installed in the connector receiver. The connection detecting means 11 may be disposed at a predetermined portion of the bypass connector 10. Further, the connection detection means 11 may be either a non-contact type sensor or a contact type sensor.

  The control means 12 can control the drive of the duplex pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) during dialysis treatment, and is electrically connected to the duplex pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 as described above. In this way, the supply side solenoid valve V1, the discharge side solenoid valve V2, and the bypass line solenoid valve V3 are electrically connected to each other to control the opening / closing operation thereof. As a result, during normal dialysis treatment, the supply-side solenoid valve V1 and the discharge-side solenoid valve V2 are opened while the bypass line solenoid valve V3 is closed, and the dual pump 7 (the water removal pump 9 is also used during water removal). ) Can be controlled to drive the dialysate through the dialyzer 2. The control means 12 in the present embodiment is also electrically connected to the connection detection means 11, and the connection detection means 11 detects the connection between the tip of the supply side line 4 and the tip of the discharge side line 5. And the detection signal can be received.

  Here, the control means 12 in the present embodiment is configured so that the dual pump 7 can be used in any time zone other than during dialysis treatment (when multiple dialysis treatments are performed in one day and between the dialysis treatments: between cool periods). Alternatively, the water removal pump 9 (pump means) is driven to cause the dialysate to flow from the supply side line 4 toward the discharge side line 5. In the present embodiment, as described above, a mode in which the dual pump 7 or the water removal pump 9 (pump means) is driven in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment (for convenience, this is referred to as “in-pipe cleaning mode”). .) Is provided with mode selection means (not shown) including operation buttons and the like for enabling or disabling.

  For example, in the dialysis apparatus having the above-described configuration, when the in-pipe cleaning mode is enabled, control by the control unit 12 (steps 1 to 4) is performed as shown in FIG. Are automatically performed sequentially. The process chart shown in the figure shows a case where the upper limit of dialysate used per 20 minutes in one dialysis machine is set to “a” (mL / min).

  More specifically, the control by the control means 12 is performed as follows. In step 1 (0.3 × “a” (s)), the electromagnetic valves V1 and V2 are opened, the electromagnetic valve V3 is closed, and the flow path of the bypass line 6 is closed (bypass connector 10). The flow path is opened), the dual pump 7 is driven at a speed of 100 (mL / min), and the water removal pump 9 is driven at a speed of 20 (mL / min). . As a result, the dialysate flowing through the supply side line 4 reaches the discharge side line 5 via the bypass connector 10, flows through the discharge line 5 and the water removal line 8, and is discharged to the outside.

  Next, the process proceeds to step 2 (600- (0.3 × “a”) (s)), and all the solenoid valves V1 to V3 are closed, and the supply side line 4, the discharge side line 5, and the bypass line 6 are closed. Any of the flow paths is closed, and the driving of the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 is stopped. As a result, the dialysate does not flow, and the stationary state is maintained for the time of Step 2.

  Subsequently, the process proceeds to step 3 (0.3 × “a” (s)), the electromagnetic valves V1 and V2 are closed, the electromagnetic valve V3 is opened, and the flow path of the bypass line 6 is opened. And the duplex pump 7 is driven at a speed of 100 (mL / min) and the dewatering pump 9 is at a speed of 20 (mL / min). It is driven by. As a result, the dialysate that has flowed through the supply side line 4 flows through the bypass line 6 to the discharge side line 5, flows through the discharge line 5 and the water removal line 8, and is discharged to the outside.

  Finally, the process proceeds to step 4 (600− (0.3 × “a”) (s)), and similarly to step 2, the solenoid valves V1 to V3 are all closed, and the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 and the bypass line 6 are closed, and the driving of the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 is stopped. As a result, the dialysate does not flow, and the stationary state is maintained during the time of Step 4.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the above-described steps 1 to 4 are defined as one cycle, and are repeated for a predetermined number of cycles. The number of cycles can be arbitrarily set by the operator, and can be arbitrarily set in advance with, for example, an operation button or the like, similarly to the mode selection means (not shown). The number of cycles to be set is preferably changeable at any time in consideration of the number of cools scheduled at a medical facility such as a hospital.

  According to the control as described above, the duplex pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) are driven at a lower speed than at the time of dialysis treatment in an arbitrary time zone other than at the time of dialysis treatment, and the supply side line 4 to the discharge side line 5 The dialysate can be made to flow at a low flow rate (in this embodiment, 0.5 × “a” (mL)). Also, by including steps 2 and 4 in one cycle, the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) are driven intermittently, and the dialysate is supplied from the supply side line 4 toward the discharge side line 5. It can be made to flow intermittently.

Next, the control content by the control means 12 of this embodiment is demonstrated based on the flowchart of FIG.
First, it is determined whether or not the detection signal from the connection detection unit 11 is received in S1 (whether or not the connection detection unit 11 detects the connection between the leading end of the supply side line 4 and the leading end of the discharge side line 5). If it is determined that the detection signal has been received, the process proceeds to S2, where it is determined whether or not the in-pipe cleaning mode is enabled. If it is determined that the detection signal is not received in S1 or the in-pipe cleaning mode is disabled in S2, the control is terminated and the next operation is awaited.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in S2 that the in-pipe cleaning mode is effective, Step 1 (S3), Step 2 (S4), Step 3 (S5), and Step 4 (S6) are sequentially performed. . In addition, the control content in the said process 1-the process 4 is as having demonstrated using the process table of FIG. When step 4 is completed, the process proceeds to S7, where it is determined whether or not the set number of cycles has been reached. If the set number of cycles has not been reached, the process returns to S3 and steps 1 to 4 are performed again. When it has reached, a series of control will be complete | finished.

  Thus, steps 1 to 4 are repeatedly performed until the set cycle is reached. In the process in which the steps 1 to 4 are repeated, when the following event occurs, the steps 1 to 4 can be ended by interruption control to end a series of control. For example, as an event to end a series of controls, when the next (next cool) dialysis treatment is started, when the detection signal by the connection detection means 11 is interrupted and it is grasped that the coupling is disconnected from the bypass connector 11, Or when the dialysate which should be supplied from the supply side line 4 became empty, etc. are mentioned.

  According to the dialysis apparatus, the control means 12 is configured such that the dual pump 7 and the dewatering pump 9 (pump means) in any time zone other than during dialysis treatment (in this embodiment, a time zone between dialysis treatments in one day). And the dialysate flows from the supply side line 4 toward the discharge side line 5, so that the stay of dialysate in the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 is avoided in a time zone other than during dialysis treatment. Dialysis treatment can be resumed immediately.

  In other words, when a dialysis machine that distributes other than dialysate (wash water, disinfectant, etc.) in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, dialysis that occurs in the next course or suddenly during the cleaning process and disinfection process Treatment cannot be started immediately, and dialysis treatment must be restarted after sufficient replacement of washing water or disinfectant with dialysate, whereas replacement time is not required if dialysate is circulated. Therefore, prompt dialysis treatment can be resumed.

  In this embodiment, since the dialysate is flowed at a low flow rate from the supply side line 4 to the discharge side line 5 under the control of the control means 12, the dialysate can be circulated in any time zone other than during dialysis treatment. The amount can be suppressed and the cost can be reduced. Further, the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) are intermittently driven by the control by the control means 12, and the dialysate is intermittently flowed from the supply side line 4 toward the discharge side line 5. The flow rate of dialysate in any time zone other than during dialysis treatment can be suppressed and the cost can be reduced, and the cleaning effect on the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5 can be improved by intermittent flow.

  Furthermore, the control means 12 controls the opening / closing operation of the bypass line electromagnetic valve V3 in addition to the duplex pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment. Even when the flow resistance is relatively higher than that of the supply side line 4 and the discharge side line 5, the dialysate can be surely flowed to the bypass line 6 through the step 3, for example.

  Further, the control means 12 drives the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment on the condition that the connection detection means 11 detects, so that the supply side line 4 It is possible to avoid the flow of the dialysate in a state where the tip and the tip of the discharge side line 5 are not connected, and it is possible to reliably prevent malfunction.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the pump means that can flow the dialysate from the supply side line 4 toward the discharge side line 5 includes the dual pump 7 and the removal unit. Instead of the water pump 9 or in addition to the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9, a pump disposed in another form or part may be used. Further, the control means 12 drives the dual pump 7 and the water removal pump 9 (pump means) at an equal speed or higher speed than at the time of dialysis treatment in an arbitrary time zone other than at the time of dialysis treatment, or not intermittently. You may comprise so that a dialysate may flow continuously.

  Further, the present invention can be applied to a device that does not include the bypass line 6, and when the flow resistance of the bypass line 6 and the supply-side line 4 and the discharge-side line 5 are not so different, the bypass line 6, the supply-side line 4 and the discharge are used. You may comprise so that a dialysate may flow simultaneously in the side line 5 both.

  As long as the dialysis apparatus allows the pump means to be driven in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment by the control means to flow the dialysate from the supply side line toward the discharge side line, the pipe shape is different or other It can also be applied to those with added functions.

The schematic diagram which shows the dialysis apparatus (state at the time of treatment) concerning embodiment of this invention Schematic showing the dialysis machine (state other than during treatment) Process chart showing processes performed in any time zone other than during dialysis treatment by the control means in the treatment apparatus The flowchart which shows the control content by the control means in the treatment apparatus

Explanation of symbols

1 Dialysis machine body 2 Dialyzer (blood purifier)
3 Blood circuit 4 Supply line 5 Discharge line 6 Bypass line 7 Duplex pump (pump means)
8 Water removal line 9 Water removal pump (pump means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Bypass connector 11 Connection detection means 12 Control means V1 Supply side solenoid valve V2 Discharge side solenoid valve V3 Bypass line solenoid valve

Claims (6)

A supply side line through which the dialysate supplied to the blood purifier flows, a discharge line through which the dialysate discharged from the blood purifier flows, and a dialysate flowing from the supply side line toward the discharge side line A dialysis machine body provided with a pump means to obtain;
Control means capable of controlling the drive of the pump means during dialysis treatment;
The blood purifier can be connected to the tips of the supply side line and the discharge side line at the time of dialysis treatment, and the tips of the supply side line and the discharge side line are connected at times other than the time of dialysis treatment. In a dialysis machine that can communicate,
The dialysis apparatus characterized in that the control means drives the pump means in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and causes the dialysate to flow from the supply side line toward the discharge side line.   The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the arbitrary time zone other than the dialysis treatment is a time zone between dialysis treatments in one day.   The control means drives the pump means at a lower speed than during dialysis treatment in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment, and causes the dialysate to flow from the supply side line toward the discharge side line at a low flow rate. The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dialysis apparatus is characterized.   The said control means drives the said pump means intermittently in arbitrary time zones other than the time of dialysis treatment, and makes a dialysate flow intermittently toward the discharge side line from the said supply side line. Item 4. The dialysis device according to any one of items 1 to 3.   The dialysis machine body includes a bypass line for communicating the supply side line and the discharge side line, and a bypass line electromagnetic valve disposed in the middle of the bypass line and capable of opening and closing the flow path, The control means controls the opening / closing operation of the bypass line solenoid valve in addition to the pump means in an arbitrary time zone other than during dialysis treatment. The dialysis device according to 1.   In addition to having a connection detection means for detecting the connection between the tip of the supply side line and the tip of the discharge side line, the control means is provided at any time zone other than during dialysis treatment, subject to detection by the connection detection means. The dialysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pump means is driven.

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