JP2009543894A - 炭化水素流を液化するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
炭化水素流を液化するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 H 2 O Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0291—Refrigerant compression by combined gas compression and liquid pumping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract
Description
供給原料流から天然ガスなどの炭化水素流を液化する方法であって、
(a)熱交換器において循環する混合冷媒に対して供給原料流を通過させて、−100℃未満の温度を有する少なくとも部分的に液化した炭化水素流を得る工程;
(b)前記混合冷媒を液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流として前記熱交換器から流出させる工程;
(c)前記液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流を第1の分離器に通して蒸気冷媒流と液体冷媒流とを得る工程;
(d)実質的な熱交換なしで工程(c)の前記液体冷媒流を工程(a)の前記熱交換器に循環させる工程;
(e)工程(c)の前記蒸気冷媒流を圧縮して圧縮冷媒流を得る工程;
(f)前記圧縮冷媒流を冷却して温度が0℃未満の冷却された圧縮流を得る工程;及び
(g)前記冷却された圧縮流を工程(a)の前記熱交換器に循環させる工程;
を少なくとも含む前記方法
を提供する本発明により達成できる。
(a)熱交換器において循環する混合冷媒に対して供給原料流を通過させて、冷却された炭化水素流を得る工程;
(b)混合冷媒を液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流として熱交換器から流出させる工程;
(c)液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流を第1の分離器に通して、蒸気冷媒流と液体冷媒流とを得る工程;及び
(d)工程(c)の液体冷媒流を熱交換器に直接再循環させる工程;
を少なくとも含んだ、供給原料流から天然ガスなどの炭化水素流を処理する方法を提供する。
本発明は上述した方法のうち任意のものの組合せや全ての組合せを含む。
混合冷媒流に対して前記炭化水素流を液化するための熱交換器であって、前記供給原料流のための供給原料入口と、前記供給原料流を少なくとも部分的に液化した流れのための供給原料出口と、1以上の混合冷媒入口と、蒸気及び液体の冷媒流出流のための混合冷媒出口とを有する前記熱交換器;
前記液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流を蒸気と液体とに分離するためのものであり、蒸気冷媒流を得るための第1の出口と液体冷媒流を得るための第2の出口とを有する第1の分離器;
前記液体冷媒流を前記熱交換器に流入させるための前記熱交換器の冷媒入口;
前記蒸気冷媒流を圧縮して圧縮冷媒流を得るための圧縮機;
前記圧縮冷媒流を冷却して温度が0℃未満の冷却された圧縮流を得るための1以上の冷却装置;及び
前記冷却された圧縮流を前記熱交換器に循環させるための通路;
を少なくとも備えた前記装置を提供する。
以下、限定するものではないが単なる例として添付図面に関して本発明の態様を説明する
説明のため、1つの管路とその管路で運ばれる流れとに1つの参照番号を割り当てる。同じ参照番号は同種の構成要素を示す。
本発明の利点の例を下の表1にデータで示す。
12 熱交換器
14 絞り弁
16 膨張器
18 第1の分離器
20 液化された炭化水素流
22 圧縮機
24 水冷及び/又は空冷装置
25 別の冷却装置
26 第2の分離器
28 混合器
30 蒸気冷媒の流入流
34 第1の分配マニホールド
36 第2の分配マニホールド
40 液体冷媒の流入流
45 第1の冷媒の流出流
50 第1の減圧冷媒流
52 供給原料の入口
54 供給原料の出口
60 第2の冷媒の流出流
66 第1の入口
68 第1の冷媒の出口
70 第2の減圧冷媒流
72 入口
80 液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流
90 蒸気冷媒流
94 ポンプ
95 圧縮冷媒流
100 冷却された圧縮冷媒流
110 液体冷媒流
130 管路
140 管路
150 管路
160 冷媒回路
Claims (15)
- 供給原料流(10)から天然ガスなどの炭化水素流を液化する方法であって、
(a)熱交換器(12)において循環する混合冷媒に対して供給原料流(10)を通過させて、−100℃未満の温度を有する少なくとも部分的に液化した炭化水素流(20)を得る工程;
(b)前記混合冷媒を液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流(80)として前記熱交換器(12)から流出させる工程;
(c)前記液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流(80)を第1の分離器(18)に通して蒸気冷媒流(90)と液体冷媒流(110)とを得る工程;
(d)実質的な熱交換なしで工程(c)の前記液体冷媒流(110)を工程(a)の前記熱交換器(12)に循環させる工程;
(e)前記蒸気冷媒流(90)を圧縮して圧縮冷媒流(95)を得る工程;
(f)前記圧縮冷媒流(95)を冷却して温度が0℃未満の冷却された圧縮流(100)を得る工程;及び
(g)前記冷却された圧縮流(100)を工程(a)の前記熱交換器(12)に循環させる工程;
を少なくとも含む前記方法。 - 前記熱交換器(12)がチューブ・イン・シェル型熱交換器又はスプール巻型熱交換器であり、好ましくは低温熱交換器である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器(12)が前記供給原料流(10)を完全に液化する請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記供給原料流(10)が天然ガスであり、前記液化した炭化水素流(20)が液化天然ガスである請求項3に記載の方法。
- ポンプ(94)により前記液体冷媒流(110)を前記熱交換器(12)に循環させる請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記液体冷媒流(110)の温度が−30℃〜−50℃の範囲にある請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記液体冷媒流(110)と前記冷却された圧縮流(100)との温度差が10℃未満、好ましくは5℃未満又は3℃未満である請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却された圧縮流(100)を前記熱交換器(12)に循環させる前に分離して、蒸気冷媒流入流(30)と液体冷媒流入流(40)とを得る請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記液体冷媒流入流(40)を工程(c)の前記液体冷媒流(110)と混合する請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記液体冷媒流(110)と前記液体冷媒流入流(40)との温度差が10℃未満、好ましくは5℃未満又は3℃未満である請求項9に記載の方法。
- 供給原料流(10)から天然ガスなどの炭化水素流を液化する装置であって、
混合冷媒流に対して前記炭化水素流を液化するための熱交換器(12)であって、前記供給原料流(10)のための供給原料入口(52)と、前記供給原料流を少なくとも部分的に液化した流れ(20)のための供給原料出口(54)と、1以上の混合冷媒入口(64、66)と、蒸気及び液体の冷媒流出流(80)のための混合冷媒出口(62)とを有する前記熱交換器(12);
前記液体及び蒸気の冷媒流出流(80)を蒸気と液体とに分離するためのものであり、蒸気冷媒流(90)を得るための第1の出口(82)と液体冷媒流(110)を得るための第2の出口(84)とを有する第1の分離器(18);
前記液体冷媒流(110)を前記熱交換器(12)に流入させるための前記熱交換器(12)の冷媒入口(64);
前記蒸気冷媒流(90)を圧縮して圧縮冷媒流(95)を得るための圧縮機(22);
前記圧縮冷媒流(95)を冷却して温度が0℃未満の冷却された圧縮流(100)を得るための1以上の冷却装置(24、25);及び
前記冷却された圧縮流(100)を前記熱交換器(12)に循環させるための通路;
を少なくとも備えた前記装置。 - 前記液体冷媒流(110)が前記熱交換器(12)に向かって流れるのをポンプ(94)が助ける請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記冷却された圧縮流(100)を蒸気冷媒流入流(30)と液体冷媒流入流(40)とに分離するための第2の分離器(26)を更に備える請求項11又は請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記液体冷媒流入流(40)と前記液体冷媒流(110)とを、それらが前記熱交換器(12)に戻る前に混ぜ合わせるための混合器(28)を更に備える請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記熱交換器(12)が前記蒸気冷媒流(30)のための第1の冷媒管路(130)と、前記液体冷媒流入流(40)及び前記液体冷媒流(110)のための第2の冷媒管路(140)とを含む請求項13又は請求項14に記載の装置。
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EP06117230 | 2006-07-14 | ||
EP06118728 | 2006-08-10 | ||
PCT/EP2007/057134 WO2008006867A2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2007-07-12 | Method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream |
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US (1) | US20090241593A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2041507A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2009543894A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007274267B2 (ja) |
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US11408673B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-09 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
CA2907444C (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2022-01-18 | Douglas A. Ducote, Jr. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
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WO2008006867A2 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
EP2041507A2 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
US20090241593A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
WO2008006867A3 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
RU2009105108A (ru) | 2010-08-27 |
AU2007274267A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
AU2007274267B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
RU2432534C2 (ru) | 2011-10-27 |
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