JP2009504785A - 鎮痛剤としてのsEH阻害剤の使用 - Google Patents
鎮痛剤としてのsEH阻害剤の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009504785A JP2009504785A JP2008527210A JP2008527210A JP2009504785A JP 2009504785 A JP2009504785 A JP 2009504785A JP 2008527210 A JP2008527210 A JP 2008527210A JP 2008527210 A JP2008527210 A JP 2008527210A JP 2009504785 A JP2009504785 A JP 2009504785A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2005年8月19日に出願した米国仮特許出願第60/709,741号の恩典およびその優先権を主張し、その内容は参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所(National Institutes of Health)より授与された助成金第R37 ES 02710号の下で米国政府の援助を受けてなされた。米国政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
適用せず。
組織の傷害は多様な群の炎症伝達物質の放出をもたらすが、これらは、侵害受容器および脊髄侵害受容性ニューロン(spinal nociceptive neuron)を機械的および熱的な刺激に対して感作し、それによって高い疼痛伝達性を導く。炎症伝達物質の局所的な、全身性の、または神経原性の放出には、K+、サブスタンスPなどの神経ペプチド、ブラジキニンなどのペプチド、サイトカイン、モノアミン、およびATPが含まれ、これらは末梢侵害受容器を活性化または感作する。さらに、侵害受容器の末梢感作は次に、脊髄における中枢感作をもたらしうり、これによって、NMDAの活性化を含むプロセスを介した二次的な痛覚過敏および異痛が生じる。
本発明は、様々な状態に関連する疼痛およびかゆみを低減するための方法および局所組成物を提供する。第一の一連の態様において、本発明は、対象における疼痛またはかゆみを軽減するための方法を提供する。本方法は、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)の阻害剤の有効量を上記対象に局所投与し、それによって対象における疼痛またはかゆみを軽減する工程を含む。一部の態様において、軽減される疼痛は侵害受容性疼痛である。一部の態様において、軽減される疼痛は炎症性疼痛である。一部の態様において、軽減される疼痛は神経障害性疼痛である。一部の態様において、疼痛は関節炎に由来する。一部の態様において、疼痛は帯状疱疹後神経痛に由来する。一部の態様において、本方法は、多価不飽和脂肪酸のエポキシドを局所投与する工程をさらに含む。一部の態様において、エポキシドはcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)である。一部の態様において、EETは5,6-EET、14,15-EET、8,9-EET、および11,12-EETからなる群より選択される。一部の態様において、対象は高血圧を有してもいなければ、高血圧に関してsEHの阻害剤による処置を受けてもいない。一部の態様において、sEHの阻害剤とは、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)をコードする遺伝子の発現を阻害する、単離された核酸である。一部の態様において、sEHの阻害剤は、皮膚科学的措置または美容外科手術に関連する疼痛を軽減するために、ある皮膚領域に対する該措置または手術の1時間前またはそれ以内に、該皮膚領域に投与される。一部の態様において、かゆみは掻痒症によるものである。一部の態様において、かゆみは、虫刺症、ウルシオールとの接触、または刺激性の化学物質との接触によるものである。一部の態様において、疼痛またはかゆみは痔によるものである。一部の態様において、疼痛またはかゆみは内臓痛によるものであり、上記局所投与は、sEHIの上記阻害剤を含む座剤によって行われる。
概論
「可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ」または「sEH」として知られる酵素の阻害剤の全身投与が、高血圧の低減などに関するいくつかの有益な用途を有することが、近年見出されている。驚くべきことに、sEH阻害剤(すなわち「sEHI」)の局所投与もまた有用であり、かつ全く異なる目的のためにも有用であることが、目下見出されている。
単位、接頭辞、および符号は、そのSysteme International de Unites(SI)認可形式で示されている。数値範囲は、範囲を定義している数値を含むものである。特記しない限り、核酸は5'→3'方向で左から右に記載され、アミノ酸配列はアミノ→カルボキシ方向で左から右に記載されている。本明細書で提供される表題は、本発明の様々な局面または態様を限定するものではなく、参照により本明細書にその全文が含まれうる。したがって、すぐ下で定義されている用語は、本明細書全文を参照することによってより完全に定義される。本明細書において定義されていない用語は、当業者によって理解されているそれらの通常の意味を有する。
様々な化学構造を有する多数のsEH阻害剤が周知である。尿素、カルバメート、またはアミドファルマコフォア(本明細書で使用される「ファルマコフォア」とは、sEHに結合するリガンドの構造の部分を指す)がアダマンタンおよび12炭素鎖のドデカンの両方に共有結合している誘導体は、sEH阻害剤として特に有用である。代謝的に安定な誘導体は、インビボにおいて比較的大きな活性を有すると予想されるため、好ましい。様々な尿素、カルバメート、およびアミド誘導体による、インビトロにおけるsEHの選択的かつ競合的な阻害は、例えばMorisseau et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 96:8849-8854 (1999)によって教示されているが、これは、酵素を阻害する尿素誘導体の設計についての実質的な案内を提供するものである。
12-(3-アダマンタン-1-イル-ウレイド)ドデカン酸(AUDA)
12-(3-アダマンタン-1-イル-ウレイド)ドデカン酸ブチルエステル(AUDA-BE)
アダマンタン-1-イル-3-{5-[2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エトキシ]ペンチル}ウレア(化合物950)
アラキドン酸のエポキシドであるEETは、血圧のエフェクター、炎症の制御因子、および血管透過性の調節因子として公知である。sEHによるエポキシドの加水分解によってこの活性が低下する。EETが加水分解されてジヒドロキシエイコサトリエン酸(「DHET」)となる速度が減少するので、sEHの阻害はEETのレベルを上昇させる。
sEHの阻害を判定するために、エポキシドヒドロラーゼ活性を決定するためのいくつかの標準的なアッセイ法のいずれかを使用することができる。例えば、適切なアッセイ法は、Gill, et al., Anal Biochem 131, 273-282 (1983); およびBorhan, et al., Analytical Biochemistry 231, 188-200 (1995)に記載されている。適切なインビトロアッセイ法は、Zeldin et al., J Biol. Chem. 268:6402-6407 (1993)に記載されている。適切なインビボアッセイ法は、Zeldin et al., Arch Biochem Biophys 330:87-96 (1996)に記載されている。推定天然物質および代理物質を用いた、エポキシドヒドロラーゼに対するアッセイ法が示されている(Hammock, et al. In: Methods in Enzymology, Volume III, Steroids and Isoprenoids, Part B, (Law, J.H. and H.C. Rilling, eds. 1985), Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, pp. 303-311およびWixtrom et al., In: Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol. 1: Methodological Aspects of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, (Zakim, D. and D.A. Vessey, eds. 1985), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 1-93を参照されたい)。得られるジオール産物の水素結合に対する反応性または傾向に基づく、スペクトルベースの複数のアッセイ法が存在する(例えば、Wixtrom、上記、ならびにHammock. Anal. Biochem. 174:291-299 (1985)およびDietze, et al. Anal. Biochem. 216:176-187 (1994)を参照されたい)。
本発明の方法において、sEH活性または遺伝子発現を阻害するその他の手段を使用することもできる。例えば、ヒトsEH遺伝子の少なくとも一部に相補的な核酸分子を用いてsEH遺伝子発現を阻害することができる。例えば、短いRNA分子を用いて遺伝子発現を阻害するための手段が公知である。低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)、低分子一時的RNA(small temporal RNA;stRNA)、およびマイクロRNA(miRNA)が、これらに含まれる。低分子干渉RNAは、mRNA分解経路を介して遺伝子をサイレンシングするが、一方でstRNAおよびmiRNAは、内因的にコードされたヘアピン構造の前駆体からプロセシングされる約21ヌクレオチドまたは22ヌクレオチドのRNAであり、転写抑制を介して遺伝子をサイレンシングするよう機能する。例えば、McManus et al., RNA, 8(6):842-50 (2002); Morris et al., Science. 305(5688):1289-92 (2004); He and Hannon, Nat Rev Genet. 5(7):522-31 (2004)を参照されたい。
皮膚への作用物質の局所適用のための多様な固形、半固形、および液体の賦形剤は、長年にわたって当技術分野で公知である。そのような賦形剤には、クリーム、ローション、ゲル、香膏、油、軟膏、およびスプレーが含まれる。例えば、Provost C. "Transparent oil-water gels: a review," Int J Cosmet Sci. 8:233-247 (1986)、Katz and Poulsen, Concepts in biochemical pharmacology, part I. In: Brodie BB, Gilette JR, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 28. New York, NY: Springer; 107-174 (1971)、およびHadgcraft, "Recent progress in the formulation of vehicles for topical applications," Br J Dermatol., 81:386-389 (1972)を参照されたい。カプサイシン(例えばCapsin(登録商標))、いわゆる「反対刺激薬」(例えばIcy-Hot(登録商標)、メントール、冬緑油、樟脳、またはユーカリ油化合物などの物質であり、これらは皮膚のある領域に適用された場合に、同じ神経によって供給される関節または筋肉における疼痛をおそらく改変または相殺する)、およびサリチル酸塩(例えばBenGay(登録商標))を含む鎮痛剤の局所製剤のいくつかが公知であり、EETを含むまたは含まないsEHIで有効成分または成分を置換することによって、sEHIの局所投与のためにこれらを容易に適合化することができる。当業者はこれらの様々な賦形剤および調製物に精通しており、本明細書に詳述する必要はないと推定される。
実施例1
後足引っ込み試験(hind paw withdrawal test)を用いた痛覚過敏応答は、中枢および末梢の機構の組み合わせに起因すると考えられる(Kannan et al., "Endotoxin-induced local inflammation and hyperalgesia in rats mice, a new model for inflammatory pain," Pharmacology 66:373-379 (1996))。本発明者らは、Hargreaves et al., "A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia", Pain 32, 77-88 (1988)の方法を用いて、2種類のsEH阻害剤およびEETで処置したラットの疼痛応答を定量した。
後足引っ込み潜時試験(hind paw withdrawal latency test)を用いて、疼痛を定量した。体重250〜300gのSprague-Dawley雄性ラット(Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Wilmington, MA)を使用した。ラットを標準条件の下でUC Davis Animal Resource Facilityに個別に収容して飼料および水を自由に与え、実験前に少なくとも1週間維持した。各ラットは1回しか使用しなかった。昼間の8:00〜13:00の間に(概日周期の明期の最初のフェーズの間に)全実験を実施した。まず、ラットを3つの別々のセッションにおいて実験チャンバーに対して訓練した(trained)。実験日には、ラットの基礎応答を測定し、次に、中性のクリームまたは化合物を含む製剤化されたクリームで処置した後、疼痛応答を誘導するために右後足に10μgのエンドトキシン(リポ多糖、「LPS」)またはカプサイシンを注射した。その後、LPSまたはカプサイシン注射から30、60、120、および240分後に疼痛応答を測定した。sEHIは、それらをエタノール中に溶解してクリームと1:9の割合で混合することによって製剤化した。1群あたり8匹のラットを使用した。
熱的侵害受容性応答(thermal nociceptive response)を評価するために、その後を模した、Hargreavesら、上記に記載の市販の装置を用いた。この装置はガラス表面からなり、その上のPlexiglas(登録商標)小部屋(9×22×25 cm)内に個別にラットを入れる。フィードバック制御された、ガラス下の強制空気加熱システムによって、ガラス表面の温度はどちらも30.1℃で維持される。加熱システムは、ガラス板の下側表面に取り付けた熱電対によって駆動する。各試験対象の後足に刺激を送達できるように二次元軸で手動操作される刺激タワーに取り付けられた集中噴出バルブから、熱的侵害受容性刺激が生じる。タイマーは光源と共に自動的に動いており、応答潜時(response latency)は、足が急激な引っ込めを示すのに要する時間として定義される。足の引っ込めは、刺激タワー上に取り付けられたフォトダイオードモーションセンサにより検出され、これによってタイマーが止まり刺激が終結する。全ての場合において、組織の傷害を避けるために20秒のカットオフを採用する。同じく、Dirig et al., "Characterization of variables defining hindpaw withdrawal latency evoked by radiant thermal stimuli," J Neuroscience Methods 76:183-191 (1997)も参照されたい。LPS誘発性の熱性痛覚過敏に対して2種類の異なるsEH阻害剤を用いた試験の結果を、図1に示す。図4に示すように、EETもまた、LPS誘発性の熱性痛覚過敏を遮断することが見出された。図6.1に示すように、sEH阻害剤であるAUDA-beもまた、カラギーナン誘発性の熱性痛覚過敏を遮断することが示された。
機械的異痛の定量化のために、加えられる力の様々な量に対応した様々な直径を有する一対のvon Freyフィラメントを用いた。まずラットのベースライン応答を測定し、次に、後足にLPSを注射した。LPS注射の1時間後および2時間後に、応答を測定した。1群あたり8匹のラットを使用した。直径を徐々に大きくしたフィラメントで、ラットの足を3回刺激した。ラットが足を引っ込めたフィラメントの直径を記録した。
Claims (39)
- 対象において疼痛またはかゆみを軽減する方法であって、該対象に可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)の阻害剤の有効量を局所投与し、それによって該対象における疼痛またはかゆみを軽減する工程を含む、方法。
- 軽減される疼痛が侵害受容性疼痛である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 軽減される疼痛が炎症性疼痛である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 軽減される疼痛が神経障害性疼痛である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 軽減される疼痛がやけどに由来する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 疼痛が関節炎に由来する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 疼痛が帯状疱疹後神経痛に由来する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 多価不飽和脂肪酸のエポキシドを局所投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記エポキシドがcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)である、請求項8記載の方法。
- 上記EETが、5,6-EET、14,15-EET、8,9-EET、および11,12-EETからなる群より選択される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 上記対象が、高血圧を有してもいなければ、高血圧に関してsEHの阻害剤による処置を受けてもいない、請求項1記載の方法。
- sEHの上記阻害剤が、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)をコードする遺伝子の発現を阻害する、単離された核酸である、請求項1記載の方法。
- sEHの上記阻害剤が、皮膚科学的措置または美容外科手術に関連する疼痛を軽減するために、ある皮膚領域に対する該措置または手術の1時間前またはそれ以内に該皮膚領域に投与される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記かゆみが掻痒症によるものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記かゆみが、虫刺症、ウルシオールとの接触、または刺激性の化学物質との接触によるものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記疼痛またはかゆみが痔によるものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記疼痛またはかゆみが内臓痛によるものであり、上記局所投与がsEHIの上記阻害剤を含む座剤によって行われる、請求項1記載の方法。
- クリーム、ゲル、油、ローション、香膏、軟膏、座剤、または局所スプレー中に可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)の阻害剤を含む、組成物。
- さらに上記クリーム、ゲル、油、ローション、香膏、軟膏、座剤、または局所スプレーが脂質基剤を有する、請求項18記載の組成物。
- 多価不飽和脂肪酸のエポキシドをさらに含む、請求項18記載の組成物。
- 多価不飽和脂肪酸の上記エポキシドがcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)である、請求項20記載の組成物。
- 上記EETが、5,6-EET、14,15-EET、8,9-EET、および11,12-EETからなる群より選択される、請求項21記載の組成物。
- sEHの上記阻害剤が、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)をコードする遺伝子の発現を阻害する、単離された核酸である、請求項18記載の組成物。
- 対象において疾病行動を低減する方法であって、該対象に可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)の阻害剤の有効量を局所投与し、それによって該対象における疾病行動を低減する工程を含む、方法。
- 多価不飽和脂肪酸のエポキシドを局所投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- 上記エポキシドがcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)である、請求項24記載の方法。
- 上記EETが、14,15-EET、8,9-EET、および11,12-EETからなる群より選択される、請求項26記載の方法。
- sEHの上記阻害剤が、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)をコードする遺伝子の発現を阻害する、単離された核酸である、請求項24記載の方法。
- 上記対象が、高血圧を有してもいなければ、高血圧に関してsEHの阻害剤による処置を受けてもいない、請求項24記載の方法。
- 対象において創傷治癒を促進する方法であって、該創傷に可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)の阻害剤の有効量を局所投与し、それによって該対象における創傷治癒を促進する工程を含む、方法。
- 多価不飽和脂肪酸のエポキシドを局所投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項30記載の方法。
- 上記エポキシドがcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)である、請求項31記載の方法。
- sEHの上記阻害剤が、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)をコードする遺伝子の発現を阻害する、単離された核酸である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 対象において、疼痛もしくはかゆみを軽減するまたはニキビ病変の外観を改善する方法であって、組成物が有効量の11,12-EETを含むことはないという条件で、5,6-EET、8,9-EET、14,15-EET、またはそれらの組み合わせから選択されるcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)の有効量を含む該組成物を該対象に局所投与し、それによって、該対象における、疼痛もしくはかゆみを軽減するまたは該ニキビ病変の外観を改善する工程を含む、方法。
- 疼痛またはかゆみが、掻痒症、痔、やけど、帯状疱疹後神経痛、関節炎、または皮膚科学的措置によるものである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 対象において、ニキビ病変の大きさを減少させるまたはその外観を改善する方法であって、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)の阻害剤の有効量を該ニキビ病変に局所投与し、それによって該阻害剤の投与が該ニキビ病変の大きさを減少させるまたはその外観を改善する工程を含む、方法。
- 多価不飽和脂肪酸のエポキシドを上記病変に局所投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項36記載の方法。
- 上記エポキシドがcis-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(「EET」)である、請求項36記載の方法。
- sEHの上記阻害剤が、可溶性エポキシドヒドロラーゼ(「sEH」)をコードする遺伝子の発現を阻害する、単離された核酸である、請求項36記載の方法。
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PCT/US2006/032595 WO2007022509A2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2006-08-18 | Use of seh inhibitors as analgesics |
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EP (1) | EP1931201B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2009504785A (ja) |
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US10813894B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2020-10-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods of inhibiting pain |
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US7951831B2 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2011-05-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Use of inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase to synergize activity of COX and 5-LOX inhibitors |
US8399425B2 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2013-03-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Alleviating neuropathic pain with EETs and sEH inhibitors |
EP2334180A4 (en) * | 2008-09-15 | 2013-07-03 | Univ California | RESTRICTING DISEASES WITH A COMBINATION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES TO INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION OF EPOXYGENATED FATTY ACIDS AND ACTIVE SUBSTANCES TO INCREASE THE CAMP CONCENTRATION |
WO2010111522A2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Mesenchymal stem cells producing inhibitory rna for disease modification |
US20110065756A1 (en) * | 2009-09-17 | 2011-03-17 | De Taeye Bart M | Methods and compositions for treatment of obesity-related diseases |
US20120315283A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2012-12-13 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods of promoting tissue growth and tissue regeneration |
WO2011130716A2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | A nanostructures containing vitamin b12 for facilitated delivery of drugs across biological barriers |
WO2011143607A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Modulation of bioactive epoxy-fatty acid levels by phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
CN103501821A (zh) | 2011-03-08 | 2014-01-08 | 艾克塞斯制药公司 | 用于递送活性剂穿过生物膜的靶向纳米载体系统 |
US10383835B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2019-08-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Treatment of inflammatory disorders in non-human mammals |
WO2014100602A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Hospital For Special Surgery | Treatment of egf-receptor dependent pathologies |
US9974788B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2018-05-22 | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. | Inhibition of SGK1 in the treatment of heart conditions |
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US5955496A (en) | 1996-08-13 | 1999-09-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Dihydroxy-oxy-eicosadienoates |
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US6150415A (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 2000-11-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Epoxide hydrolase complexes and methods therewith |
US6174695B1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 2001-01-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Epoxide hydrolase inhibitor methods |
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