JP2009280632A - Solid fuel molding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact solid fuel molding apparatus capable of stably molding a solid fuel with a predetermined size by crushing a material to be processed to a predetermined size, if the material containing waste plastics is only supplied to the apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: This molding apparatus is equipped with, in a same axial direction, a crushing part 5 which crushes the material to be processed supplied through a supplying port 2 and traverses the crushed material from a supplying side toward an exhausting side, a transfer part 6 which transfers the crushed material crushed in the crushing part 5 to an axial direction, a compression part 7 which compresses the article transferred in the transfer part 6, and a molding part 8 which extrudes the material compressed in the compression part 7 at a predetermined temperature from an opening to mold the solid fuel. The crushing part 5 has a shearing system which has a plurality of cutting blades 15 at the axial direction. The transfer part 6 and compression part 7 have a screw system which has screws 30 and 31 around the axis. The crushing part 5, transfer part 6 and compression part 7 are driven by rotating axes 10, 11 of the same axial center. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel molding apparatus for producing solid fuel from waste paper containing waste plastic.

  In recent years, emphasis has been placed on environmental issues, and material recycling has been promoted to recycle waste plastics and waste paper. However, since this requires a lot of transportation costs and energy, thermal recycling that recycles as fuel by paying attention to the burned calories of these waste plastics and waste paper has attracted attention.

  One way to reuse such waste plastics and waste paper as fuel is to use high-calorie solid fuel (Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel: simply referred to as “RPF”) made from waste plastic and waste paper. There is a way. Hereinafter, this RPF is taken as an example of the solid fuel.

  A general RPF molding apparatus includes a crushing apparatus for crushing waste plastic and waste paper, and a molding apparatus for mixing and molding waste plastic and waste paper crushed by the crushing apparatus. Between the crushing device and the molding device, a fixed amount of crushed material is supplied to a hopper that temporarily stores waste plastic and waste paper crushed by the crushing device, a conveyor means such as a belt conveyor, and the molding device. They are connected via a supply device or the like, and are independently driven and controlled.

  However, the crushing device and the molding device are independently driven and controlled as described above, and when the crushing device and the molding device are connected via the conveying means and the supply device, the waste plastic and the waste paper are changed according to the load of the molding device. It is difficult to quickly adjust the input amount. For example, in a screw-type extrusion molding apparatus in which waste plastic and waste paper are extruded from a nozzle by a screw feed, overload frequently occurs.

  Therefore, there is a case where the conveying device is ON / OFF controlled in accordance with the load condition of the molding device and the supply amount of waste plastic and waste paper is adjusted. As a result, a portion where the waste plastic and the waste paper are not formed is formed. As a result, when the supply is resumed, the waste plastic and the waste paper may not be uniformly mixed, and stable solid fuel may not be formed.

Therefore, in order to solve such problems, an RPF manufacturing facility has been proposed in which the crushing device is driven and controlled based on the load information of the molding device to adjust the crushing amount corresponding to the load status of the molding device. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
JP 2006-70209 A

  However, since the RPF manufacturing facility described in Patent Document 1 performs control based on a plurality of pieces of information such as load information in the molding apparatus, the control of each apparatus is complicated, and waste plastic, waste paper, etc. When changing a processed material, a crusher and a molding machine must be individually changed to control according to the processed material, and complicated work is required.

  In addition, when installing a crusher and a molding machine like the RPF manufacturing equipment, the height of the entire equipment including the conveying device between the crusher and the molding machine is increased and the size is increased. In addition, a supply device for supplying waste plastic, waste paper, and the like is required at the inlet located above the upper crusher installed above, and a very large space is required to install the equipment.

  On the other hand, since wastes such as dried sludge are collected in addition to waste plastics and waste paper, there is a strong demand for thermal recycling of such wastes at contractors and local governments that process this type of waste.

  Moreover, the waste collected in this way is often different in the type of waste collected depending on local conditions and timing conditions, and there is a desire to mix various wastes into a solid fuel. There is also.

  Therefore, the present invention, as an apparatus for converting the effective resources into solid fuel in consideration of the environment, if a treated product (waste) containing waste plastics is introduced, it is crushed to a predetermined size and given a predetermined size. An object of the present invention is to provide a compact solid fuel molding apparatus capable of stably molding a solid fuel of a size.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention includes a crushing unit that crushes a processed product containing waste plastic that is input from an input port and laterally feeds the processed product from the input side to the discharge side, and the crushing unit. A transfer unit for transferring the processed material crushed in the axial direction, a compression unit for compressing the processed product transferred by the transfer unit, and a solid fuel formed by heating the processed product compressed by the compression unit at a predetermined temperature. A screw having a molding part extruded from the opening in the same axial direction, the crushing part configured in a shearing manner having a plurality of cutting blades in the axial direction, and the transfer part and the compression part having a screw around the axis The crushing unit, the transfer unit, and the compression unit are configured to be driven by a rotation shaft having the same axis. The “processed product” in this specification and claims includes waste paper such as waste paper containing waste plastic, dried sludge, and incineration ash.

  Thereby, by throwing a processed product (waste such as waste paper) containing waste plastic from the inlet, it is crushed (cut) to a predetermined size by a plurality of cutting blades in the crushing section (this specification and claims). "Crushing" in documents in the range of "includes cutting"), the processed material containing the crushed waste plastic is transferred to the compression unit by the screw of the transfer unit and compressed by the compression unit, and compressed by this compression unit The processed product is heated in the molding unit to be molded into a solid fuel, and is discharged as a solid fuel having a predetermined shape from the opening of the molding unit. In this way, a solid fuel can be formed by crushing, mixing, and heating and solidifying a processed product (waste) containing waste plastic with one apparatus in which each component is arranged on the same axis. it can.

  Moreover, you may equip the said transfer part with the storage part which stores the predetermined amount of the processed material crushed in the said crushing part. In this way, the processed product transferred by the screw of the transfer unit is sent to the compression unit while being stored in the storage unit. Therefore, even if the processing amount of the crushing unit varies, the processed product stored in the storage unit is buffered. And the variation in the amount of processed material sent to the compression unit can be suppressed.

  Further, the storage portion may include a reduced diameter portion that narrows from a cross-sectional shape in which the cutting blade in the crushing portion can rotate to a cross-sectional shape in which the screw of the compression unit can rotate. If it does in this way, the processed material containing the waste plastic pushed into a diameter reduction part from a storage part can be stably pushed in to a compression part with a screw, and solid fuel can be discharged stably from opening of a forming part.

  Moreover, you may equip the screw edge part of the said compression part with the press plane part which further compresses the said processed material compressed by this compression part, and pushes it into the said opening. If it does in this way, since the processed material can be pressed with big force toward the opening of the forming part at the end of the screw, the quality of the solid fuel discharged from the opening can be further stabilized.

  Further, the molding part is provided with a nozzle having the predetermined opening in the circumferential direction, and a discharge machine for cutting off the solid fuel discharged from the nozzle by a predetermined length is provided on the discharge side of the nozzle, The cutter may be provided with a cutter for cutting off the solid fuel discharged from the nozzles outward. In this way, even if the solid fuel discharged from the molding part has a high viscosity, the solid fuel discharged from the individual nozzles is cut by the cutter toward the outside of the nozzle, so that the cut solid fuels are brought into close contact with each other. It can be made a predetermined size without.

  In addition, a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the nozzle entry side and the nozzle exit side of the molding part is provided, and the temperature of the molding part is controlled based on the temperature of the nozzle entry side and the temperature of the nozzle exit side. A heater may be provided in the molding part. In this way, since the solid fuel can be stably molded at a temperature corresponding to the composition of the processed product in the molding section, it is possible to stably mold even a solid fuel with a large amount of waste plastic.

  In addition, the cutting blade of the crushing part is constituted by a cutting blade provided with a plurality of protruding blade parts around it, and the cutting blade rotates between the cutting blade and the apparatus main body from the inlet side by rotation of the cutting blade. You may provide the cross feed member which sends the said processed material toward the transfer part side. If it does in this way, the processed material crushed in the crushing part can be crushed a plurality of times, certainly sending to the transfer part side by rotation of a cutting blade, and a processed material can be crushed stably and finely.

  In addition, a plurality of rotation shafts are provided in parallel in the crushing portion, and the blade portions of the cutting blade are alternately meshed with each other in the axial direction of the plurality of rotation shafts. The blade portion may be arranged in a spiral shape to feed the processed material from the charging port side toward the transfer portion side by rotating. In this way, even a processed product containing relatively large waste plastic can be reliably crushed between the cutting blades and sent to the transfer section side, so that even a processed product containing large waste plastic can be stably solidified. Fuel can be molded. Moreover, even tape-like waste plastics (for example, magnetic tapes) that are difficult to crush can be surely finely crushed, and the types of waste plastics that can be molded into solid fuel can be expanded.

  Furthermore, a drive device that independently drives the plurality of rotating shafts may be provided, and a control device that controls the drive devices independently may be provided. In this way, it is possible to easily perform processing suitable for the processing object by controlling the number of rotations and the rotation direction of the respective rotating shafts in accordance with the type and amount of processing object.

  Further, the rotating shaft may be supported by a plurality of rolling bearings provided on the side opposite to the crushing portion of the crushing portion so as to be rotatable, and the molding portion side end portion of the rotating shaft may be supported in a cantilever manner. . In this way, since the rotating shaft end portion on the molding portion side that compresses and discharges the processed product containing waste plastic at a high temperature is molded without being supported by the rolling bearing, it is possible to improve the maintainability of the apparatus. .

  According to the present invention, if a processed product containing waste plastic is introduced by means as described above, it can be crushed and a predetermined solid fuel can be formed, so that the processed product containing waste plastic can be thermally recycled. It becomes possible stably.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a plan view showing a solid fuel molding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the solid fuel molding apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a solid fuel shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing each processing section in the solid fuel molding apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a plan view of the molding section of the solid fuel molding apparatus shown in FIG. In the following description, an example will be described in which RPF (solid fuel) is molded by sending a processed material from the left input side to the right discharge side of the solid fuel forming apparatus 1 in the state shown in FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the solid fuel molding apparatus 1 according to this embodiment includes waste plastic P and waste paper U (hereinafter simply referred to as “processed material X”) that is input from a hopper 3 provided at an input port 2. Crushing waste plastics and waste paper, and crushing them multiple times while mixing them and feeding them laterally in the axial direction toward the discharge side (molding part side). The transport unit 6 that transports the processed product X after being fed in the axial direction, the compression unit 7 that compresses the processed product X mixed with waste plastic and waste paper that is transported by the transport unit 6, and the compression unit A molded part 8 for molding the RPF 25 by heating the processed product X compressed at 7 at a predetermined temperature is provided in the axial direction. The RPF 25 molded by the molding unit 8 is pushed out from the predetermined opening 9 (FIG. 4) to the discharge side to become a RPF 25 having a predetermined length.

  In the present embodiment, the crushing part 5 is constituted by a biaxial shearing type in which two rotating shafts 10 and 11 are provided in parallel. Inside the apparatus main body 12, these rotary shafts 10 and 11 are provided in parallel, and a plurality of cutting blades 15 are provided alternately with spacers 16 in the axial direction. The cutting blades 15 and the spacers 16 provided on the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are arranged so that the cutting blades 15 and the spacers 16 face each other at positions facing each other, and a plurality of blade portions 17 (provided on the outer periphery). 3) are engaged with each other, and the side surfaces thereof have, for example, a minute gap of about 0.5 mm, and the workpiece X is crushed by a shearing action. The cutting blades 15 provided on the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are rotated inward from each other so as to mesh with each other from the upper center (FIG. 3), and the workpiece X is crushed at the central portion.

  In this embodiment, the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are independently driven, and are driven by separate electric motors 21 connected via separate reducers 20. By independently driving both rotary shafts 10 and 11 in this way, it is possible to drive the rotary shafts 10 and 11 at different rotational speeds or to drive them in reverse, whereby the workpiece X is cut. It is possible to prevent clogging between the blades 15 or to eliminate clogging. Such driving is performed, for example, by independently driving both electric motors 21 by inverter control. As the control of the electric motor 21, the current value may be monitored and the rotational speed may be changed or reversed. The control and the like of the electric motor 12 are performed by the control device 14. In this embodiment, the electric motor 21 is used as the driving means, but a hydraulic motor may be used as the driving means, and the driving means for the rotating shafts 10 and 11 is not limited to this embodiment.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, two discharge ports 22 and 23 are provided in the lower axial direction of the apparatus main body 12. If the lower discharge port 22 of the crushing part 5 is opened, the crushing part 5 alone can be used as a biaxial shearing crusher. If the lower discharge port 23 of the transfer part 6 is opened, the crushing part 5 and the crushing part 5 are transferred. The part 6 can be used as a shredding crusher. Moreover, even if foreign matter is introduced into the apparatus main body 12 by these discharge ports 22 and 23, the lower part can be opened and discharged.

  Further, since the solid fuel molding apparatus 1 is coaxially arranged from the crushing part 5 to the molding part 8, the height of the apparatus is low, and as shown in FIG. Since the position of the hopper 3 at the charging port 2 is low, the processed material X can be easily loaded into the hopper 3 by a conveyor or the like. Moreover, the RPF 25 that is molded and discharged can be easily carried out by the conveyor 26.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the rotary shafts 10 and 11 have a substantially rectangular cross section, and the insertion holes 28 for the cutting blades 15 and the spacers 16 provided on the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are the same. It is formed in a substantially rectangular shape. Thereby, if the cutting blade 15 and the spacer 16 are inserted in the rotating shafts 10 and 11, the circumferential positioning is performed.

  Further, the apparatus main body 12 is formed in such a size as to draw an arc with a size having a predetermined gap T from the tip of the blade portion 17 of the cutting blade 15, and a protective liner 19 is provided on the inner surface thereof. Yes. When the cutting blade 15 rotates inward in the apparatus main body 12 having such a cross-sectional shape, the processed object X (FIG. 2) is crushed at the central portion, and the processed object X falling to the lower part of the apparatus main body 12 is cut. The blade 15 is moved from the lower center of the apparatus main body 12 to both sides by the rotation of the blade 15, scraped up by the blade part 17 along the arcuate side surface of the apparatus main body 12, and again crushed at the central part of the cutting blade 15. It has become. In this way, the processed material X once crushed by the cutting blade 15 is again scraped up and repeatedly crushed, so that most of the charged processed material X is crushed a plurality of times by the cutting blade 15 and substantially the width dimension of the cutting blade 15. Until it is finely crushed.

  Further, a lateral feed member 27 is provided on the inner surface of the apparatus main body 12 with a small gap from the tip of the blade portion 17 of the cutting blade 15. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lateral feed member 27 is disposed obliquely from the lower part to the upper part of the apparatus main body 12 so as to laterally feed the processed material X from the input side to the discharge side. It is composed of a bar-shaped member. When the processed material X crushed by the cutting blade 15 is scraped up from the lower part to the upper part through the side part along the inner surface of the apparatus main body 12 as described above, It is designed to be scraped up while being laterally fed along the discharge side.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the blade portion 17 of the cutting blade 15 provided in the axial direction of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 is a spiral whose position in the circumferential direction is shifted by a predetermined angle from the loading side to the discharging side. It is arranged in a shape. The spiral arrangement of the blade portion 17 is such that the workpiece X is laterally fed from the input port 2 side to the transfer portion 6 side by the rotation of the cutting blade 15.

  According to such a biaxial shearing type crushing section 5, it is possible to crush (cut) a large number of processed products X into a substantially width dimension of the cutting blade 15, and it is very difficult to cut like a plastic tape. Even the processed product X can be stably and finely crushed.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the crushing part 5, the transfer part 6, the compression part 7, and the molding part 8 are provided in the axial direction of the apparatus main body 12, and the crushing provided on the input side on the left side shown in the figure. The transfer section 6 and the compression section 7 provided coaxially with the section 5 are configured in a screw type having screws 30 and 31 that rotate on the shaft centers of the rotation shafts 10 and 11.

  The screws 30 and 31 provided in the transfer unit 6 and the compression unit 7 are configured to be spirals in opposite directions on both rotary shafts 10 and 11, and have a diameter having a predetermined gap S in the center. Is formed. These screws 30 and 31 are driven at the same rotational speed by the rotary shafts 10 and 11 together with the cutting blade 15. A storage unit 32 is provided between the both sides of the screws 30 and 31 in the transfer unit 6 and the apparatus main body 12. The storage unit 32 stores a predetermined amount of the processed product X crushed by the cutting blade 15, and the processed product X crushed by the cutting blade 15 and laterally fed is stored in the storage unit 32 and the above described It is laterally fed by the screws 30 and 31 toward the compression unit 7.

  Even if the amount of the processed material X to be crushed by the crushing unit 5 is slightly changed by providing the transfer unit 6 with the storage unit 32 for storing the processed material X sent from the transfer unit 6 to the compressing unit 7, the transfer is performed. The amount of the processed material X sent from the unit 6 to the compressing unit 7 is suppressed by the amount of the processed material X stored in the storage unit 32 fluctuating, so that the molding unit 8 can stably mold the RPF 25. it can.

  That is, in the solid fuel molding apparatus 1, the crushing part 5 and the molding part 8 are arranged coaxially and are configured to continuously perform crushing and molding in the same plane. The processing between the crushing part 5 and the molding part 8 is performed so that the amount of the processed material X sent from the compression part 7 to the molding part 8 does not change due to fluctuations in the processing amount and does not affect the molding of the RPF 25. Even if the amount of the object X fluctuates, the storage unit 32 that functions as a buffer is provided so that the RPF 25 can be stably molded.

  The apparatus main body 12 of the compression unit 7 is formed to have an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the screw 31, and the diameter is reduced between the storage unit 32 and the compression unit 7 over the compression unit 7. A reduced diameter portion 33 is formed. The processed material X sent by the screw 31 is sent along the rotary shafts 10 and 11 from the transfer unit 6 and sent from the storage unit 32 along the reduced diameter portion 33 to the compression unit 7. And is further mixed and pressed into the opening 9 of the nozzle 35 provided in the molding portion 8.

  In this embodiment, the screws 30 and 31 provided from the transfer unit 6 to the compression unit 7 are provided in the transfer unit side screw body 40 and the compression unit side screw body 41, respectively. The screw 30 provided in the transfer part side screw body 40 protrudes from the end so as to be continuous with the cutting blade 15 of the crushing part 5, and is inclined so as to transfer the processed material X to the substantially reduced diameter part 33 of the transfer part 6. Projected at a predetermined pitch. On the other hand, the screw 31 of the compression unit side screw body 41 is protruded at a predetermined pitch so as to be continuous with the screw 30 of the transfer unit side screw body 40. It is provided to the vicinity of the nozzle 35 in a state where a small gap R is formed between the inner diameter of the nozzle 35 and the nozzle 35. Further, a surface build-up for improving wear resistance is applied to approximately one pitch of the nozzle side end of the screw 31 (double line portion in FIG. 4).

  Further, a pressing flat surface portion 34 is formed on the end surface of the screw 31 near the inner side of the nozzle 35 so as to be substantially orthogonal to the rotary shafts 10 and 11. Thus, the screw 31 is formed by forming a flat pressing plane portion 34 orthogonal to the axis of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 at the end of the screw 31 that presses the workpiece X toward the opening 9 of the nozzle 35. The processed product X compressed in step (1) is pushed toward the opening 9 of the nozzle 35 with a larger force.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the screw bodies 40 and 41 are provided with an insertion hole 42 formed in a substantially rectangular shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 in the shaft center portion (see FIG. 3). The same shape as the insertion hole 28 of the cutting blade 15 shown in FIG. 2), and the insertion hole 42 is inserted into the rotary shafts 10 and 11, thereby positioning in the circumferential direction. Further, in the embodiment, the screw bodies 40 and 41 are fixed in the axial direction by inserting the transfer part side screw body 40 and the compression part side screw body 41 on the molding part side of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 and compressing the compression parts. This is performed by pressing the part-side screw body 41 toward the transfer part-side screw body 40. Specifically, a nut insertion portion 43 is provided on the molding portion side inner surface of the compression portion side screw body 41, and a ring-shaped presser plate 44 is inserted into the nut insertion portion 43 and the end portions of the rotary shafts 10 and 11. A nut 45 is screwed into the screw portion 13 formed in the above. Then, a bolt 47 is screwed into a fixing screw portion 46 provided around the rotation shaft so as to penetrate the nut 45 in the axial direction, so that the compression portion side screw body via the holding plate 44 with the bolt 47. It is fixed in the axial direction by pressing 41 toward the transfer unit side screw body 40. In this manner, the screw bodies 40 and 41, the cutting blade 15 and the spacer 16 are interposed between the nut 45 screwed into the screw portion 13 of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 and the input side end portion of the rotary shafts 10 and 11. Is fixed. This fixing method is an example, and other methods may be used.

  Further, since the transfer unit side screw body 40 is fixed in the axial direction of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 together with the cutting blade 15 in this way, the transfer unit side screw body 40 is removed and the cutting blade 15 and the spacer 16 are located at the positions. Can also be provided. If it does in this way, the cutting blade 15 arrange | positioned at an axial direction will extend to the transfer part 6, increases, and the processed material X can be crushed more finely. In other words, when the processed product X that needs to be crushed is made into an RPF, it is possible to easily make the configuration in which the crushing part 5 is lengthened and the processed product X is finely crushed and extruded from a short nozzle.

  Further, the end portions on the discharge side of these rotary shafts 10 and 11 are supported by metal bearings 54. At the discharge side end portions of the rotary shafts 10 and 11, a support member 50 is provided so as to cover the molding portion side of the compression portion side screw body 41. 11 is fixed to the end face. And this support member 50 is hold | maintained by the metal bearing 54 provided in the shaping | molding board 60 mentioned later. The metal bearing 54 does not accurately support the rotating shafts 10 and 11 at the axial position, but holds the rotating shafts 10 and 11 substantially at the axial position. Then, the support on the discharge side of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 is performed by the alignment function by the processed material X compressed by the screw 31 filling the periphery of the shaft end portion and the periphery of the screw 31 and the screw body 41. ing. In this way, the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are not accurately supported at the axial center position by the metal bearing 54, but the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are held at the axial center position by the processed material X in the compression unit 7. The ends of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 on the discharge side, which are filled with the compressed product X and become high temperature by heating, are supported. The counter-rotating shaft side of the metal bearing 54 is closed by a cover 52 fixed to the molded plate 60 with a bolt 53.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the rotary shafts 10 and 11 whose end portions on the discharge side are supported by the metal bearings 54 are thrust by the plurality of bearings 55 and 56 provided on the speed reducer 20 side of the crushing portion 5. Stable support is provided to receive load and radial load. As these bearings 55 and 56, rolling bearings in which a plurality of “rollers” are arranged at predetermined positions so as to receive a thrust load and a radial load are used. It is supported at an accurate position on the input side. That is, the rotary shafts 10 and 11 are rotated while being cantilevered at accurate positions by the bearings 55 and 56 on the input side.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the nozzle 35 in this embodiment includes a base nozzle 36 provided in a forming plate 60 that is the forming portion 8, and a base portion that protrudes from the forming plate 60 to the discharge side. A tip nozzle 37 attached to the nozzle 36 is used. The tip nozzle 37 can be easily changed by changing the total length of the nozzle 35.

  6 is a VI-VI arrow view of the solid fuel molding apparatus shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 7 is a front view of the molding part of the solid fuel molding apparatus viewed from the discharge side, and FIG. It is a side view of the forming part shown.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the molding plate 60 is provided with a nozzle 35 circumferentially on the end face of a cylindrical compression portion 7 (FIG. 5) pressed by the screw 31, and has a radius with respect to the axis. Many nozzles 35 are arranged by densely arranging the nozzles 35 alternately so as to be slightly different from each other.

  In this embodiment, the nozzle 35 is fixed to the molding plate 60, and the molding plate 60 is fixed to a flange 61 (FIG. 5) provided in the apparatus main body 12 with a plurality of bolts 62. The molded plate 60 is supported at left and right positions by a rotation support shaft 63 provided in the apparatus main body 12, and can be opened and closed around the rotation support shaft 63. If one of the rotation support shafts 63 is removed, the rotation support shaft 63 can be opened and closed around the other rotation support shaft 63 (FIG. 1).

  As shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, five heaters 65 to 67 are inserted into the molded plate 60 from the upper and lower sides in this embodiment to control the temperature stably around the nozzle 35. The molded plate 60 is provided with a temperature detector 70 for detecting the temperature at a position close to the heaters 65 to 67.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, in this embodiment, upstream temperature detection for detecting the temperature in the vicinity of the tip portion of the screw 31 (FIG. 5) on the upstream side of the nozzle 35 provided on the molding plate 60. A vessel 71 is also provided. By providing this upstream temperature detector 71, in addition to the temperature detection of the forming plate 60 by the temperature detector 70, the forming plate is based on the temperature detected by the upstream temperature detector 71 in the vicinity of the upstream side of the forming plate 60. 60 is controlled to be heated to a predetermined temperature by heaters 65-67. That is, the temperature at which the waste plastic passing through the nozzle 35 is heated can be accurately controlled in consideration of the temperature at the nozzle inlet side. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of heaters 65 to 67 provided in the width direction of the forming plate 60 are used at each position of the forming plate 60 based on the temperature difference detected by the temperature detectors 70 and 71. The heating amount is adjusted so that all the nozzles 35 can be controlled to substantially the same temperature.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the flexible RPF 25 pushed out from the nozzle 35 is cut off at a predetermined length by a cutting machine 75 provided on the discharge side of the nozzle 35. The cutting machine 75 is fixed to a mounting plate 76 provided at a predetermined interval from the molding plate 60 to the discharge side. A motor 78 provided with a drive shaft 77 at the axial center position of the rotary shafts 10 and 11 is fixed to the mounting plate 76. A drive shaft 77 driven by the motor 78 extends from the mounting plate 76 toward the nozzle 35, and a cutter 79 is provided at an end of the drive shaft 77 so as to be inclined toward the outlet end surface of the nozzle 35. By rotating the cutter 79 with a motor 78, the flexible RPF 25 pushed out from the nozzle 35 is cut off at a predetermined length, so that the RPF 25 has a length corresponding to the application. In addition, since the RPF 25 that has been cut off with the inclination of the cutter 79 is quickly moved away from the nozzle 35, even the adhesive RPF 25 can be cut off at a predetermined length without being in close contact with the surrounding RPF 25.

  In this embodiment, a protective plate 80 is provided between the mounting plate 76 and the cutter 79. The protective plate 80 is provided at a predetermined distance from the end of the nozzle 35 by a leg member 81 so that the flexible RPF 25 pushed out at a high temperature does not contact the mounting plate 76 to heat the motor 78. Since the discharged RPF 25 has a high temperature, a watering machine or the like for cooling the RPF 25 discharged to the mounting plate 76 or the like may be provided.

  According to the solid fuel molding apparatus 1 configured as described above, the processed material X including the waste plastic that is input from the input port 2 into the crushing portion 5 in the apparatus main body 12 is disposed in the axial direction of the rotary shafts 10 and 11. By rotating the plurality of cutting blades 15 provided, the processed material X is drawn into the central portion and crushed, and the crushed processed product X is scraped along the side surface of the apparatus main body 12 and sheared and crushed a plurality of times. . In this manner, since shear crushing is performed a plurality of times, for example, even waste tape-like plastic can be finely crushed. Moreover, since it is crushed while being scraped up in this way, waste plastic, waste paper, and other processed materials X (waste such as dried sludge) can be sufficiently mixed. And the processed material X finely crushed to the substantially width dimension of the cutting blade 15 in the crushing part 5 in this way is sent to the transfer part 6. FIG. Further, according to the crushing unit 5 configured in a biaxial shearing manner, the screw 30 in the transfer unit 6 and the compression unit 7 at a rotation speed (for example, about 50 rpm) at which the processed product X is crushed by the crushing unit 5. Even if 31 is rotated, the processed product X can be stably crushed and can be laterally fed and compressed in the axial direction.

  And the processed material X containing the waste plastic sent from this crushing part 5 to the transfer part 6 is stored in the storage part 32 between the screw 30, 31 and the apparatus main body 12 in this transfer part 6, and the screw 30, 31 is forcibly sent to the compression unit 7. The processed product X sent to the compression unit 7 is compressed by being pressed toward the nozzle 35 while being mixed by the screws 30 and 31, and at the same time the nozzle 35 is pressed by the pressing flat portion 34 formed at the end of the screw 31. It is pressed into the opening 9.

  The processed product X, which is pressed to the nozzle 35 side while being mixed by the screws 30 and 31, melts the waste plastic in the processed product X by the frictional heat and the heat of the heated molding plate 60. The waste plastic becomes a binder for connecting waste paper and the like, and the processed product X containing the waste plastic is integrally extruded from the nozzle 35 to mold the RPF 25 (solid fuel). At this time, since the waste plastic is finely crushed in the crushing section 5 described above, even the tape-like waste plastic can be melted to become a binder to be RPF.

  Moreover, since the processed product X crushed in the storage unit 32 is transferred to the compression unit 7 while being stored, even if the amount of the processed product X crushed by the crushing unit 5 and sent in the axial direction varies. The quality of the RPF 25 molded by the molding unit 8 is reduced by suppressing the variation of the amount of the processed product X stored in the storage unit 32 and the variation of the amount of the processed product X sent from the compression unit 7 to the molding unit 8. Driving with reduced

  The RPF 25 pushed out from the nozzle 35 is pushed out in the form of a continuous bar that is flexible at high temperatures, but is cut off by the cutter 79 to a predetermined length to form the RPF 25 having a desired size. In addition, since the RPF 25 cut off by the cutter 79 is cut outward from the nozzle 35, the cut RPF 25 does not come into close contact with the RPF 25 discharged from the other nozzles 35.

  In addition, the temperature control of the heaters 65 to 67 can control the temperature at which the waste plastic in the processed product X is melted as a binder. As a combination of waste plastic and waste paper, for example, waste plastic is about The RPF 25 having about 20 to 80% can be molded. For example, RPF25 with about 80% waste plastic can be used as a high-calorie solid fuel of about 10,000 kcal / kg. That is, if molded into such RPF25, a solid fuel having a calorie higher than about 4000 to 6000 kcal / kg of coal and higher than about 5000 to 6000 kcal / kg of general RPF can be obtained. Use in various fields as fuel for boilers (alternative fuels such as coal), iron-related fuels (alternative fuel for coke), fuel for kiln firing (alternative fuel for coal such as coal for lime firing), etc. Can do.

  In addition to the waste plastic and waste paper, the above temperature control can also be mixed with a treated product such as dried sludge to make a solid fuel, greatly expanding the possibility of turning the waste into a solid fuel. This can greatly contribute to the effective use of waste that is incinerated with fuel as solid fuel.

  Further, as described above, since the components arranged on the same axis from the crushing part 5 to the molding part 8 are driven by the rotary shafts 10 and 11 arranged in the horizontal direction, solid fuel molding is performed. The height of the device 1 can be reduced and the device 1 can be formed compactly, space saving can be achieved according to the use environment, and various device layouts can be supported.

  Moreover, according to the solid fuel molding apparatus 1 in which the crushing section 5 to the molding section 8 are integrated in this way, one-man control is possible, for example, a compact solid fuel molding apparatus 1 that processes a daily amount of less than 5 tons. It is possible to configure the solid fuel molding apparatus 1 with a low operating cost that can be operated by one operator.

  In the above-described embodiment, the biaxial shearing type crushing unit 5 is provided. However, depending on the waste plastic and waste paper to be processed, the uniaxial shearing type crushing unit can be used for stable crushing. Yes, the crushing part 5 is not limited to the biaxial shearing type.

  In the above embodiment, the cylindrical nozzle 35 is taken as an example, but if a nozzle having a slit-like opening is employed, a plate-like RPF that can be used as fuel other than the intended use of the RPF 25 is formed. The shape of the nozzle 35 may be a shape corresponding to the shape of the RPF to be molded, and is not limited to the above embodiment.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the screw bodies 40 and 41 are inserted and fixed to the rotary shafts 10 and 11 has been described. The structure and the like may be other than those described in the above embodiments, and may be appropriately adopted depending on conditions.

  The above-described embodiment shows an example, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the apparatus main body 12 is horizontally arranged and the crushing unit 5 is provided with the lateral feed member 27 such as waste plastic and waste paper. Or the like may be laterally fed toward the transfer unit 6.

  The solid fuel molding apparatus according to the present invention can be used as a compact apparatus for molding solid fuel by using waste paper containing waste plastic.

It is a top view which shows the solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus shown in FIG. It is III-III sectional drawing of the solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows each process part in the solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus of FIG. It is a top view in the shaping | molding part of the solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a view taken along the line VI-VI of the solid fuel molding apparatus shown in FIG. 2. It is the front view which looked at the shaping | molding part of the solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus shown in FIG. 2 from the discharge side. It is a side view of the shaping | molding part shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Solid fuel molding equipment
5 ... Crushing part
6 ... Transfer section
7: Compression section
8 ... Molding part
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Opening 10, 11 ... Rotating shaft 12 ... Apparatus main body 15 ... Cutting blade 16 ... Spacer 17 ... Blade part 25 ... RPF (solid fuel)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 27 ... Transverse feed member 30, 31 ... Screw 32 ... Storage part 33 ... Diameter reduction part 34 ... Pressing plane part 35 ... Nozzle 36 ... Base nozzle 37 ... Tip nozzle 40 ... Transfer part side screw body 41 ... Compression part side screw body 50 ... support member 54 ... metal bearing 55, 56 ... bearing 60 ... molded plate 65-67 ... heater 70 ... temperature detector 71 ... upstream temperature detector 75 ... cutting machine 79 ... cutter
P ... Waste plastic
U ... used paper
X ... Processed product

Claims (10)

A crushing unit that crushes a processed product including waste plastic that is input from an input port and laterally feeds the processed product that has been crushed from an input side to a discharge side,
A transfer unit for transferring the processed material crushed in the crushing unit in the axial direction;
A compression unit for compressing the processed material transferred by the transfer unit;
A molded part that extrudes the solid fuel formed by heating the processed product compressed by the compression part at a predetermined temperature from the opening, and provided in the same axial direction;
The crushing part is configured in a shearing manner having a plurality of cutting blades in the axial direction,
The transfer unit and the compression unit are configured in a screw type having a screw around an axis,
A solid fuel molding apparatus, wherein the crushing unit, the transfer unit, and the compression unit are driven by a rotation shaft having the same axis.   The solid fuel molding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transfer unit includes a storage unit that stores a predetermined amount of the processed material crushed by the crushing unit.   The solid fuel molding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the storage portion includes a reduced diameter portion that narrows from a cross-sectional shape capable of rotating a cutting blade in the crushing portion to a cross-sectional shape capable of rotating a screw of the compression portion.   The solid fuel molding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the screw end portion of the compression portion includes a pressing flat portion that further compresses the processed product compressed by the compression portion and pushes it into the opening. apparatus. The molding part is provided with a nozzle having the predetermined opening in the circumferential direction,
On the discharge side of the nozzle, equipped with a cutting machine for cutting off the solid fuel discharged from the nozzle by a predetermined length,
The solid fuel molding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cutting machine includes a cutter that cuts outward the solid fuel discharged from the nozzle. Provided with a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the nozzle entry side and nozzle exit side of the molding part,
The solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a heater for controlling the temperature of the molding portion based on the temperature on the nozzle inlet side and the temperature on the nozzle outlet side is provided in the molding portion. Molding equipment.   The cutting blade of the crushing part is composed of a cutting blade provided with a plurality of protruding blade parts around it, and between the cutting blade and the apparatus main body, the cutting blade rotates from the inlet side to the transfer part side. The solid fuel molding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a lateral feed member that feeds the processed material toward the surface.   A plurality of rotation shafts are provided in parallel in the crushing portion, and the blade portions of the cutting blades are alternately meshed with each other in the axial direction of the plurality of rotation shafts. The solid fuel molding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the blade portion is arranged in a spiral shape for sending the processed material from the inlet side toward the transfer portion side.   The solid fuel molding apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a drive unit that independently drives the plurality of rotating shafts, and a control unit that independently controls the drive unit.   The rotary shaft is supported by a plurality of rolling bearings provided on the side opposite to the crushing portion of the crushing portion, and cantilevered to hold the molding portion side end of the rotary shaft in a predetermined position. The solid fuel shaping | molding apparatus of any one of -8.

Images