JP2009224578A - Deterioration diagnosis method of oil electrical apparatus - Google Patents
Deterioration diagnosis method of oil electrical apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【課題】隔膜における窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率でガス遮断性能を評価することにより、油温の影響を排除した高感度で信頼性の高い油入電気機器の劣化診断方法を提供する。
【解決手段】隔膜式コンサベータを有する油入変圧器において、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］と、絶縁油の温度の経時データと、未劣化の隔膜５の窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２＞の温度特性データとを用いて、未劣化の隔膜５の窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞を評価し、前記未劣化の前記隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞と前記油入変圧器の油中窒素濃度の変化量と絶縁油体積との積で表される実際の窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２実＞と、前記未劣化の隔膜５の窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞との比からなる窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞を用いて、前記油入変圧器の前記隔膜のガス遮断性能の診断を行うことを特徴とする。
【選択図】図３The present invention provides a highly sensitive and reliable deterioration diagnosis method for oil-filled electrical equipment that eliminates the influence of oil temperature by evaluating the gas shutoff performance by the multiplication factor of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient in the diaphragm.
In an oil-filled transformer having a diaphragm type conservator, nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil], temperature data of insulating oil, and nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2> of an undegraded diaphragm 5 Using the temperature characteristic data, the nitrogen gas penetration amount Q <N2> of the undegraded diaphragm 5 is evaluated, and the nitrogen gas penetration amount Q <N2> of the undegraded diaphragm and the oil-filled transformer oil Nitrogen having a ratio between the actual nitrogen gas penetration amount Q <N2 actual> expressed by the product of the amount of change in nitrogen concentration and the insulating oil volume and the nitrogen gas penetration amount Q <N2> of the undegraded diaphragm 5 Diagnosis of the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm of the oil-filled transformer is performed using a gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2>.
[Selection] Figure 3
Description
本発明は、絶縁油を大気から遮断する隔膜式コンサベータを有する変圧器等の油入電気機器において、前記隔膜のガス遮断性能の診断や絶縁油特性の劣化予測診断を行う油入電気機器の劣化診断方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an oil-filled electrical device such as a transformer having a diaphragm type conservator that blocks insulating oil from the atmosphere. The oil-filled electrical device performs diagnosis of gas barrier performance of the diaphragm and prediction of deterioration prediction of insulating oil characteristics. The present invention relates to a deterioration diagnosis method.
従来から、変圧器やコンデンサ等の油入電気機器には、運転時における温度の変化による絶縁油の膨張・収縮を吸収するためのコンサベータが設けられている。コンサベータは、空気やガス等が絶縁油に侵入するのを遮断するために、耐油性のゴム等からなる隔膜を備えた隔膜式コンサベータが広く用いられている。 Conventionally, oil-filled electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors have been provided with a conservator for absorbing expansion and contraction of insulating oil due to temperature changes during operation. As the conservator, a diaphragm type conservator having a diaphragm made of oil-resistant rubber or the like is widely used in order to block air and gas from entering the insulating oil.
しかし、コンサベータ内に配置された隔膜は経年変化で劣化・損傷することがある。また、隔膜に目立った損傷等がなくとも、空気側の気体分子が隔膜を形成するゴム材を透過することがある。空気が隔膜を透過して絶縁油と接触すると、空気中の酸素が絶縁油中に溶解され、絶縁油の劣化を促進し、油入電気機器の寿命に影響を及ぼす原因となる。 However, the diaphragm placed in the conservator may be deteriorated or damaged by aging. Moreover, even if there is no noticeable damage to the diaphragm, gas molecules on the air side may permeate the rubber material forming the diaphragm. When air permeates through the diaphragm and comes into contact with the insulating oil, oxygen in the air is dissolved in the insulating oil, promoting the deterioration of the insulating oil and affecting the life of the oil-filled electrical device.
したがって、コンサベータの隔膜の異常を早期に発見・予測する技術が求められている。 Accordingly, there is a need for a technique for detecting and predicting abnormalities in the conservator's diaphragm at an early stage.
この点、油入電気機器中の窒素濃度を測定し、窒素濃度が予め定めたしきい値に達するか否かによって隔膜の劣化診断をする技術がある（特許文献１参照）。この技術は、油中窒素濃度の経時的変化から変圧器への窒素ガスの侵入量を評価することで、隔膜の異状を間接的に検知しようとするものである。
しかし、上述した従来技術では、油中窒素濃度が絶縁油に対して温度依存性を有するため、油中窒素濃度の上昇が油温の上昇によるものなのか、隔膜の異状によるものなのか、判定が困難である、という問題があった。 However, in the above-described prior art, since the nitrogen concentration in the oil has temperature dependence on the insulating oil, it is determined whether the increase in the nitrogen concentration in the oil is due to the increase in the oil temperature or the abnormality of the diaphragm. There was a problem that it was difficult.
そこで、本発明は、上記問題点を解決するためになされたものであって、油入電気機器の隔膜式コンサベータのガス遮断性能を、実際に使用されている隔膜の窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率を用いて評価することにより、油温の影響を排除した高感度で信頼性の高い油入電気機器の劣化診断方法を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm type conservator of the oil-filled electrical equipment is increased by increasing the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient of the diaphragm actually used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly sensitive and reliable deterioration diagnosis method for oil-filled electrical equipment that eliminates the effect of oil temperature by evaluating using the magnification.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明における油入変圧器の劣化診断方法は、隔膜式コンサベータを有する油入変圧器において、油中窒素濃度と、絶縁油の温度の経時データと、未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス透過係数の温度特性データとを用いて、未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量を評価し、この未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量と前記油入変圧器の油中窒素濃度の変化量と絶縁油体積との積で表される実際の前記窒素ガス侵入量と、前記未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量との比からなる窒素ガス透過係数増倍率を用いて、前記油入変圧器の前記隔膜のガス遮断性能の診断を行うことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the method of diagnosing deterioration of an oil-filled transformer according to the present invention is an oil-filled transformer having a diaphragm type conservator. Using the temperature characteristic data of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient of the diaphragm, the nitrogen gas penetration amount of the undegraded diaphragm was evaluated, and the nitrogen gas penetration amount of the undegraded diaphragm and the nitrogen concentration in the oil of the oil-filled transformer Using the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor consisting of the ratio of the actual nitrogen gas intrusion amount represented by the product of the change amount and the volume of the insulating oil and the nitrogen gas intrusion amount of the undegraded diaphragm, Diagnosing the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm of the input transformer.
また、本発明の油入変圧器の劣化診断方法は、前記窒素ガス透過係数増倍率の増加が検出された場合、前記隔膜に劣化があると判断し、前記窒素ガス透過係数増倍率の増加が検出されなかった場合、前記隔膜に劣化がないと判断することを特徴とする。 Further, the degradation diagnosis method for an oil-filled transformer according to the present invention determines that the diaphragm is degraded when an increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor is detected, and the increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor is determined. If not detected, it is determined that the diaphragm is not deteriorated.
本発明によれば、油入電気機器の隔膜式コンサベータのガス遮断性能を、実際に使用されている隔膜の窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率を用いて評価することにより、油温の影響を排除した高感度で信頼性の高い油入電気機器の劣化診断方法を可能とする。 According to the present invention, the influence of the oil temperature is eliminated by evaluating the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm type conservator of the oil-filled electrical equipment by using the multiplication factor of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient of the diaphragm actually used. This enables a highly sensitive and reliable method for diagnosing deterioration of oil-filled electrical equipment.
以下、本発明の実施形態を、油入電気機器の一例として油入変圧器に適用した場合について図を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, a case where an embodiment of the present invention is applied to an oil-filled transformer as an example of an oil-filled electrical device will be described with reference to the drawings.
油入変圧器１の概略構成図を図１に示す。
A schematic diagram of the oil-filled
図１において、２は内部に図示しない変圧器本体を収納した油入変圧器タンク、３はコンサベータであり、油入変圧器タンク２内とその上部に設置されたコンサベータ３内は連通管４によって接続されており、この連通管４を介して油入変圧器タンク２内とコンサベータ３内は連通している。油入変圧器タンク２の内部は絶縁油１０で満たされており、コンサベータ３の内部にはニトリルゴム等の耐油性ゴムを使用した隔膜５がフランジ６で固定設置されている。このフランジ６を介して隔膜５は、コンサベータ３の外部に設けられた配管７と連通する一方、この配管７に取り付けたブリーザ８を介して外気とも連通している。そして、隔膜５内の空気やガス等の空気ガス（以下、空気という）９をコンサベータ３内の絶縁油１０から遮断することで、絶縁油１０の劣化を防止する役割を有する。なお、隔膜５内の空気９の圧力は大気圧となっており、またブリーザ８内には、外気中の湿気が隔膜５内に侵入することを防ぐため、シリカゲル等の乾燥剤が装填されている。
In FIG. 1, 2 is an oil-filled transformer tank in which a transformer body (not shown) is housed, 3 is a conservator, and the inside of the oil-filled
ここで、コンサベータ３の機能について説明する。外気温の変化や負荷損による発熱量の増減によって、油入変圧器タンク２内の絶縁油１０の温度が変化し、油温が上昇した場合には絶縁油１０の体積が膨張し、油温が低下した場合には逆に収縮する。コンサベータ３は、油入変圧器タンク２と連通しているので、絶縁油１０の体積が変化すると隔膜５内の空気９が外気と出入りして隔膜５の体積が変化する。
Here, the function of the
すなわち、コンサベータ３は絶縁油１０の体積変化を隔膜５の体積変化に変換することによって、絶縁油１０が空気９に曝されることなく油入変圧器タンク２内の圧力を一定に保って油入変圧器タンク２を保護し、絶縁油１０が容器から外部に溢れ出ることを防いでいる。この隔膜５に使用されるゴム材は、ガス遮断性能や耐油性に優れるニトリルゴムを基材にしたものが一般的に使用されているが、隔膜５内の空気９の透過を完全に遮断できるわけではない。
That is, the
隔膜５に穴等の欠陥部位がなくても、空気９の気体分子は隔膜５のゴム材に浸透して内部に拡散し、拡散した気体分子が油側に到達して放出されて空気９が絶縁油１０中に侵入する。一般的に、コンサベータ３に使用される耐油性のニトリルゴム製隔膜の空気透過率は、ＡＳＴＭ（米国材料試験協会；Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｆｏｒ Ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ） Ｄ１４３４に記載される方法で測定を行うと１０−６ｃｍ３／ｃｍ２・ｍｉｎ・ａｔｍオーダの値である。
Even if there is no defect such as a hole in the diaphragm 5, the gas molecules of the
特に、電力用の油入変圧器は、２０年以上の機器としての寿命が期待される。このため長期間の使用においては、隔膜５の空気透過率が微少であっても、その運転期間中の油入変圧器１への空気侵入量を積算すると、その量は無視できない。特に、透過する空気９中の酸素は油入変圧器１内の絶縁油１０の劣化、更に油入変圧器１の寿命に大きく影響を及ぼす。
In particular, oil-filled transformers for electric power are expected to have a lifetime as equipment of 20 years or more. For this reason, even if the air permeability of the diaphragm 5 is very small during long-term use, if the amount of air entering the oil-filled
そのため、隔膜５には、長期間に渡る高いガス遮断性能と高い信頼性が求められる。 Therefore, the diaphragm 5 is required to have a high gas barrier performance and high reliability over a long period of time.
本実施形態では、油入変圧器１の油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］と油温（Ｔ）の経時変化を測定することによって、コンサベータ３に設置された隔膜５のガス透過性能を診断する方法について述べる。
In this embodiment, the gas permeation performance of the diaphragm 5 installed in the
まず、隔膜５の窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞を算出する。この窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞は、隔膜５が劣化していない状態のガス透過係数である。劣化していない状態とは、隔膜に穴も傷も生じていないだけのことを意味し、未使用であるか否かは問題にしない。 First, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 new> of the diaphragm 5 is calculated. This nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 new> is a gas permeability coefficient when the diaphragm 5 is not deteriorated. The state of not deteriorating means that there are no holes or scratches in the diaphragm, and it does not matter whether or not it is unused.
コンサベータ３内での隔膜５の空気に接する表面積をＳ、隔膜５の厚さをｄとする。油入変圧器１に対する、単位時間当たりの空気中の窒素ガスの侵入量、すなわち窒素侵入速度Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞は、以下で表される。
The surface area of the diaphragm 5 in contact with the air in the
Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞ ＝ ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞・Ｓ／ｄ・（Ｐ＜Ｎ２空＞−Ｐ＜Ｎ２油＞）・・・・（１）
ここで、Ｐ＜Ｎ２空＞、Ｐ＜Ｎ２油＞は、それぞれ空気中（１ａｔｍ＝１０１，３２５Ｐａ）、油中の窒素のガス分圧であり、Ｐ＜Ｎ２空＞は定数と見なせる。また、油中窒素ガス分圧Ｐ＜Ｎ２油＞は、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］に比例し、絶縁油における窒素のオストワルドの吸収係数をＣ＜Ｎ２＞、空気中（１ａｔｍ）の窒素濃度をそれぞれ［Ｎ２空］（＝定数）とすると、以下で表される。
F <N2> = k <N2 new>. S / d. (P <N2 empty> -P <N2 oil>) (1)
Here, P <N2 empty> and P <N2 oil> are gas partial pressures of nitrogen in the air (1 atm = 101, 325 Pa) and oil, respectively, and P <N2 empty> can be regarded as a constant. Moreover, the nitrogen gas partial pressure P <N2 oil> in oil is proportional to the nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil], the Ostwald absorption coefficient of nitrogen in the insulating oil is C <N2>, and the nitrogen concentration in the air (1 atm) Is represented as [N2 empty] (= constant).
Ｐ＜Ｎ２油＞＝（Ｐ＜Ｎ２空＞／Ｃ＜Ｎ２＞）・（［Ｎ２油］／［Ｎ２空］）・・・・（２）
絶縁油１０のオストワルドの吸収係数Ｃ＜Ｎ２＞については、例えばＡＳＴＭ Ｄ２７７９−９２（２００２）において窒素や酸素ガスに対する値が温度の関数として定式化されており、これを用いればよい。油中窒素ガス分圧Ｐ＜Ｎ２油＞を窒素侵入速度Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞の式に代入すると以下で表される。
P <N2 oil> = (P <N2 empty> / C <N2>) ([N2 oil] / [N2 empty]) (2)
As for the Ostwald absorption coefficient C <N2> of the insulating oil 10, values for nitrogen and oxygen gas are formulated as a function of temperature in, for example, ASTM D2779-92 (2002), and this may be used. Substituting the nitrogen gas partial pressure P <N2 oil> in the oil into the formula of the nitrogen penetration rate F <N2>, it is expressed as follows.
Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞＝Ｓ／ｄ・Ｐ＜Ｎ２空＞・ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞・（１−［Ｎ２油］／（Ｃ＜Ｎ２＞ ・［N２空］））・・・(３)
このように、窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞、オストワルドの吸収係数Ｃ＜Ｎ２＞、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］が変数となる。上述のように、窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２＞、オストワルドの吸収係数Ｃ＜Ｎ２＞は油温の関数として求める。油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］は実際の絶縁油１０をガス分析することによって求められる。
F <N2> = S / d.P <N2 empty> .k <N2 new>. (1- [N2 oil] / (C <N2>. [N2 empty])) (3)
Thus, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 new>, the Ostwald absorption coefficient C <N2>, and the nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil] are variables. As described above, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2> and the Ostwald absorption coefficient C <N2> are obtained as a function of the oil temperature. The nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil] is obtained by gas analysis of the actual insulating oil 10.
変圧器への窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞は、窒素侵入速度Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞を時間積分すればよく
Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞ ＝ ∫Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞ ｄｔ・・・・（４）
で求められる。この、窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞、窒素侵入速度Ｆ＜Ｎ２＞は、導出に使用した窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞が、隔膜５が劣化していない状態の値であることから、それぞれ未劣化状態の想定される変圧器への窒素ガス侵入速度、侵入量である。ここで、ある期間における変圧器への窒素ガス侵入量は、式（４）については当該期間においての時間積分を行って求めることができる。
The nitrogen gas penetration amount Q <N2> into the transformer may be obtained by integrating the nitrogen penetration speed F <N2> over time. Q <N2> = ∫F <N2> dt (4)
Is required. Since the nitrogen gas penetration amount Q <N2> and the nitrogen penetration speed F <N2> are the values in the state where the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 new> used for derivation is not deteriorated, These are the nitrogen gas intrusion rate and the amount of intrusion into the transformer that is assumed to be undegraded. Here, the nitrogen gas intrusion amount into the transformer in a certain period can be obtained by performing time integration in the period for Expression (4).
また、実際の窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２実＞については、その期間における油中窒素濃度の増加量Δ（［N２油］）を測定し、これに、油入変圧器の油体積Ｖとの積を取ることによって、以下で求めることができる。 In addition, for the actual nitrogen gas intrusion amount Q <N2 actual>, the increase amount Δ ([N2 oil]) of the nitrogen concentration in oil during that period is measured, and this is compared with the oil volume V of the oil-filled transformer. By taking the product, we can find
Ｑ＜Ｎ２実＞ ＝ Δ（［N２油］）・Ｖ ・・・・（５）
窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞に対する実際の窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２実＞の比をＡ＜Ｎ２＞とし、以下に表す。
Q <N2 actual> = Δ ([N2 oil]) · V (5)
The ratio of the actual nitrogen gas intrusion amount Q <N2 actual> to the nitrogen gas intrusion amount Q <N2> is represented as A <N2>.
Ａ＜Ｎ２＞ ＝ Ｑ＜Ｎ２実＞／Ｑ＜Ｎ２＞ ＝ ｍ・α＜Ｎ２＞・・・・（６）
このＡ＜Ｎ２＞を窒素ガス量評価係数とする。ここで、ｍは、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］や油体積Ｖ等の測定誤差、評価誤差に関する係数であり、同一の変圧器では常数として扱い、誤差が無い理想的な場合にはｍ＝１となる。α＜Ｎ２＞は、コンサベータ隔膜５の劣化による窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率であり、実際の変圧器の劣化したコンサベータ隔膜の窒素ガス透過係数をｋ＜Ｎ２劣＞とすると、
α＜Ｎ２＞ ＝ ｋ＜Ｎ２劣＞／ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞・・・・（７）
となる。
A <N2> = Q <N2 actual> / Q <N2> = M · α <N2> (6)
Let A <N2> be the nitrogen gas amount evaluation coefficient. Here, m is a coefficient relating to measurement error and evaluation error such as nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil] and oil volume V, and is treated as a constant in the same transformer, and in an ideal case with no error, m = 1 α <N2> is the multiplication factor of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient due to deterioration of the conservator diaphragm 5, and the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient of the deteriorated conservator diaphragm of the actual transformer is k <N2 inferior>
α <N2> = K <N2 inferior> / k <N2 new> (7)
It becomes.
ｋ＜Ｎ２劣＞とｋ＜Ｎ２新＞の温度依存性が相似であるとすれば、窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞は温度には依存せずコンサベータ隔膜５のガス遮断性能が劣化した場合にのみ変化する。したがって、この窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の経時的変化を測定することによって、コンサベータ隔膜５のガス遮断性能の劣化度合いが評価できるとともに、どの時点で劣化あるいは隔膜の破損が発生したかを判断することが可能となる。更に、窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の変化傾向から隔膜の劣化・破損パターンの識別を行うことも可能となる。 If the temperature dependence of k <N2 poor> and k <N2 new> is similar, the multiplication factor α <N2> of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient does not depend on the temperature, and the gas barrier performance of the conservator diaphragm 5 is It changes only when it deteriorates. Therefore, by measuring the change over time in the multiplication factor α <N2> of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient, it is possible to evaluate the degree of deterioration of the gas barrier performance of the conservator diaphragm 5, and at which point the deterioration or damage to the diaphragm occurs. It becomes possible to judge whether or not. Further, it is possible to identify the deterioration / breakage pattern of the diaphragm from the changing tendency of the multiplication factor α <N2> of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient.
以上の実施の形態における作用効果を、図２に基づいて説明する。図２（ａ）は油温（Ｔ）の経時変化を示したグラフ、図２（ｂ）は油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］の経時変化を示したグラフ、図２（ｃ）は窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の経時変化を示したグラフであり、これらのグラフは同一の時間軸（時間（ｔ））で表わされている。 The effect in the above embodiment is demonstrated based on FIG. FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing a change with time of oil temperature (T), FIG. 2 (b) is a graph showing a change with time of nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil], and FIG. 2 (c) is a nitrogen gas permeation. It is the graph which showed the time-dependent change of coefficient multiplication factor (alpha) <N2>, These graphs are represented by the same time-axis (time (t)).
具体的に、時間ｔ１にて外部の温度変化の影響を受けて油温が上昇し、時間ｔ２にて隔膜のガス遮断性能が劣化した場合を想定する。 Specifically, it is assumed that the oil temperature rises due to the influence of an external temperature change at time t1, and the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm deteriorates at time t2.
まず、時間ｔ１において油温（Ｔ）が２５度から上昇したとする。この油温の上昇は外気温や変圧器の発熱による上昇によるものであるが、隔膜５の窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２＞は温度依存性を有するため、これに伴い窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２＞も上昇する。窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２＞の上昇により油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］も増加する。しかし、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞は変化がないため、隔膜５に劣化が生じていないと判断される。 First, it is assumed that the oil temperature (T) rises from 25 degrees at time t1. The increase in the oil temperature is due to an increase due to the outside air temperature or heat generated by the transformer, but the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2> of the diaphragm 5 has temperature dependence, and accordingly, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 > Also rises. As the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2> increases, the nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil] also increases. However, since the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> is not changed, it is determined that the diaphragm 5 is not deteriorated.
時間ｔ２において、隔膜５のガス遮断性能に劣化が生じた場合、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞に初めて変化が生じる。例えば、耐油性のゴム等から成る隔膜５に穴が開く等、ガス遮断性能が急激に低下した場合には窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞は階段状に変化する（ア）。ガス遮断性能の低下が連続的に変化する場合には、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞は連続的に変化する（イ）。これらの劣化が生じた場合、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］にも変化が現れるが、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞に比べて変化度合いは小さい。 When the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm 5 deteriorates at time t2, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> changes for the first time. For example, when the gas barrier performance is drastically lowered, such as when a hole is formed in the diaphragm 5 made of oil-resistant rubber or the like, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> changes in a stepped manner (A). When the deterioration of the gas barrier performance continuously changes, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> continuously changes (A). When these deteriorations occur, a change also appears in the nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil], but the degree of change is small compared to the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2>.
たとえば、ガス遮断性能が急激に低下した場合、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞は図２（ｃ）における（ア）のように階段状に変化するが、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］は、図２（ｂ）のように傾きに変化が出る程度である（図２（ｂ）（ア´）参照）。また、ガス遮断性能の低下が連続的に変化する場合には、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞は（イ）のように変化（図２（ｃ））するが、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］はやはり傾きに変化が出る程度であり（図２（ｂ）（イ´）参照）、（ア´）と大きな区別がつかない。したがって、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］よりも窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞を評価指標とする方が、隔膜５のガス遮断性能の診断に対して高い精度・感度が得られる。 For example, when the gas shut-off performance sharply decreases, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> changes stepwise as shown in FIG. 2 (c), but the nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil] Is such that the inclination changes as shown in FIG. 2B (see FIG. 2B and FIG. 2A). Further, when the decrease in the gas shutoff performance continuously changes, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> changes as shown in (a) (FIG. 2 (c)), but the nitrogen concentration in oil [ N2 oil] still has a change in inclination (see FIGS. 2B and 2A), and cannot be distinguished from (A '). Therefore, higher accuracy and sensitivity for diagnosis of the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm 5 can be obtained by using the multiplication factor α <N2> of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient as an evaluation index than the nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil].
この場合、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞に対して管理値を設定し、この管理値を越えた場合に隔膜５の保守や交換等の対策を行うようにすることも可能である。さらに、これまでの窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の経時特性のカーブを延長することによって、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の今後の変化傾向を予測し、管理値に達するまでの寿命診断を行うことが可能である。 In this case, it is also possible to set a management value for the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> and take measures such as maintenance and replacement of the diaphragm 5 when the management value is exceeded. In addition, by extending the curve of the time-dependent characteristics of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2>, the future change trend of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> is predicted, and the control value is reached. It is possible to perform lifespan diagnosis.
この診断に際し、油温（Ｔ）や油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］の測定や窒素ガス透過係数の増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の評価を、時間的に連続的に行えば、高い精度で時間遅れの無いタイムリーな診断が可能であるが、ある期間毎の定期測定による離散的なデータを用いて診断を行ってもよい。この場合、油温や油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］は離散区間の平均値として扱われることになるが、特に油温に関しては季節の変化や負荷変動に応じて変化し易いため、その変化の節目毎のデータを用いることが望ましい。 In this diagnosis, if measurement of oil temperature (T) and nitrogen concentration in oil [N2 oil] and evaluation of multiplication factor α <N2> of nitrogen gas permeability coefficient are performed continuously in time, time delay with high accuracy However, the diagnosis may be performed using discrete data obtained by periodic measurement every certain period. In this case, the oil temperature and the nitrogen concentration in the oil [N2 oil] will be treated as the average value of the discrete sections, but especially the oil temperature is likely to change according to seasonal changes and load fluctuations. It is desirable to use data for each milestone.
また、油温や油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］の測定箇所であるが、式（１）〜（４）の導出においては、コンサベータ３内での窒素ガス透過に関する現象であることから、コンサベータ３内の油温、油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］を基準とするのが望ましい。一方、式（５）に関しては、油入変圧器タンク２内の油中窒素濃度［Ｎ２油］とするか、油入変圧器タンク２やコンサベータ３等の各部位の油体積を考慮した体積平均値を用いるのが好ましい。なぜならば、油入変圧器タンク２内の油体積Ｖは、コンサベータ３内の油体積よりも桁違いに多い為である。
In addition, the oil temperature and the nitrogen concentration in the oil [N2 oil] are measured, but the derivation of the equations (1) to (4) is a phenomenon related to nitrogen gas permeation in the
具体的に、隔膜５の劣化状態を診断する方法として、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞を用いたガス透過性能を診断する方法を図３のフローチャートを用いて説明する。 Specifically, as a method of diagnosing the deterioration state of the diaphragm 5, a method of diagnosing gas permeation performance using the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
ガス透過性能の診断にあたって、あらかじめ、劣化していない隔膜５における窒素ガス侵入量を測定し、この窒素ガス侵入量に基づき、劣化していない隔膜５における窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞を測定しておく必要がある。そのうえで、隔膜５の劣化状態の診断を開始する（ステップＳ２０）。 Before diagnosing the gas permeation performance, the nitrogen gas intrusion amount in the undegraded diaphragm 5 is measured in advance, and the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 new> in the undegraded diaphragm 5 is measured based on the nitrogen gas intrusion amount. It is necessary to keep it. After that, diagnosis of the deterioration state of the diaphragm 5 is started (step S20).
まず、油温度の測定は行う（ステップＳ２１）。油温度の測定は、常時測定してもよいし、定期的に測定してもよい。絶縁油１０の油温度が通常通りである場合には、隔膜５に異常がないこととなるが（ステップＳ２６）、絶縁油１０の油温度の上昇が見られた場合には、実際の窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の測定を行うこととなる。もっとも、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の測定は、絶縁油１０の油温度の上昇の有無にかかわらず、常時あるいは定期的に測定してもよい。 First, the oil temperature is measured (step S21). The oil temperature may be measured constantly or periodically. When the oil temperature of the insulating oil 10 is normal, there is no abnormality in the diaphragm 5 (step S26), but when an increase in the oil temperature of the insulating oil 10 is observed, the actual nitrogen gas The transmission coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> is measured. However, the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> may be measured constantly or periodically regardless of whether the oil temperature of the insulating oil 10 has increased.
ここで、劣化していない隔膜の油中窒素ガス侵入量を算出（式（４））するとともに、測定時の隔膜５の油中窒素ガス侵入量Ｑ＜Ｎ２実＞を算出する（式（５））（ステップＳ２３）。 Here, the intrusion amount of nitrogen gas in oil of the diaphragm which is not deteriorated is calculated (formula (4)), and the intrusion amount of nitrogen gas in oil Q of the diaphragm 5 at the time of measurement is calculated (formula (5)). )) (Step S23).
この、式（４）、式（５）の油中窒素ガス侵入量の比から、実際の窒素ガス透過係数増加率α＜Ｎ２＞を算出することとなる。すなわち、実際の窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２劣＞を測定し（ステップＳ２４）、測定開始の前に測定した劣化していない窒素ガス透過係数ｋ＜Ｎ２新＞と比較する（ステップＳ２５）。実際のガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞が増加していない場合、隔膜５の劣化はないと判断する（ステップＳ２５）。事前に測定した窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞と比較して、ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞が増加した場合（ステップＳ２４）、隔膜５の劣化があったと判断する（ステップＳ２７）。 The actual nitrogen gas permeability coefficient increase rate α <N2> is calculated from the ratio of the nitrogen gas intrusion amount in oil in the equations (4) and (5). That is, the actual nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 poor> is measured (step S24), and compared with the non-degraded nitrogen gas permeability coefficient k <N2 new> measured before the start of measurement (step S25). If the actual gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> has not increased, it is determined that there is no deterioration of the diaphragm 5 (step S25). When the gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> is increased as compared with the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> measured in advance (step S24), it is determined that the diaphragm 5 has deteriorated (step S27). .
隔膜５に劣化があると判断された場合、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の増加の状況から、隔膜５の劣化状態を検出する（ステップＳ２８）。窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の増加が連続的でない場合、すなわち断続的である場合、隔膜５に穴が開いていることを検出する（ステップＳ２９）。窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の増加が連続的である場合、隔膜５に傷があるが、穴が開くに至っていないと判断する（ステップＳ３０）。 If it is determined that the diaphragm 5 is deteriorated, the deterioration state of the diaphragm 5 is detected from the increase of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> (step S28). If the increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> is not continuous, that is, if it is intermittent, it is detected that the diaphragm 5 is perforated (step S29). When the increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2> is continuous, it is determined that the diaphragm 5 is scratched but no hole has been formed (step S30).
以上より、隔膜５の劣化状況の診断を終了する（ステップＳ３１）。 Thus, the diagnosis of the deterioration state of the diaphragm 5 is finished (step S31).
このように、本発明は、窒素ガス透過係数増倍率α＜Ｎ２＞の増加状況から、隔膜５の劣化状態を検出することで、油温Ｔの上昇に左右されずに、コンサベータのガス遮断性能の劣化状態を検出するとこができる。 As described above, the present invention detects the deterioration state of the diaphragm 5 from the increase state of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor α <N2>, so that the gas cutoff of the conservator is not affected by the increase in the oil temperature T. This can be done by detecting performance degradation.
１・・・・油入変圧器
２・・・・油入変圧器タンク
３・・・・コンサベータ
４・・・・連通管
５・・・・隔膜
６・・・・フランジ
７・・・・配管
８・・・・ブリーザ
ｋ＜Ｎ２＞・・・・窒素ガス透過係数
α＜Ｎ２＞・・・・窒素ガス透過係数増倍率
［Ｎ２油］・・・・油中窒素濃度
Ｔ・・・・油温
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (3)
油中窒素濃度と、絶縁油の温度の経時データと、未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス透過係数の温度特性データとを用いて、未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量を算出し、
この未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量及び前記油入電気機器の油中窒素濃度の変化量と絶縁油体積との積で表される実際の前記窒素ガス侵入量と、前記未劣化の隔膜の窒素ガス侵入量との比からなる窒素ガス透過係数増倍率を用いて、前記油入電気機器の前記隔膜のガス遮断性能の診断を行うことを特徴とする油入電気機器の劣化診断方法。 In oil-filled electrical equipment having a diaphragm conservator,
Using the time-dependent data of nitrogen concentration in the oil, the temperature of the insulating oil, and the temperature characteristic data of the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient of the undegraded diaphragm, calculate the nitrogen gas intrusion amount of the undegraded diaphragm,
The nitrogen gas intrusion amount of the undegraded diaphragm and the actual nitrogen gas intrusion amount represented by the product of the amount of change in the nitrogen concentration in oil of the oil-filled electrical equipment and the volume of the insulating oil, and the undegraded diaphragm A method for diagnosing deterioration of an oil-filled electrical device, comprising diagnosing the gas barrier performance of the diaphragm of the oil-filled electrical device using a nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor comprising a ratio to the nitrogen gas intrusion amount.
前記窒素ガス透過係数増倍率の増加が検出されなかった場合、前記隔膜に劣化がないと判断することを特徴とする請求項１記載の油入電気機器の劣化診断方法。 When an increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor is detected, it is determined that the diaphragm is deteriorated,
2. The method of diagnosing deterioration of an oil-filled electrical device according to claim 1, wherein when no increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor is detected, it is determined that the diaphragm is not deteriorated.
前記窒素ガス透過係数増倍率の増加が断続的でない場合、前記隔膜に穴がないと判定することを特徴とする請求項２記載の油入電気機器の劣化診断方法。 If the increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor is intermittent, determine that there is a hole in the diaphragm,
The deterioration diagnosis method for oil-filled electrical equipment according to claim 2, wherein when the increase in the nitrogen gas permeability coefficient multiplication factor is not intermittent, it is determined that there is no hole in the diaphragm.
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| JP2015005680A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2015-01-08 | 愛知電機株式会社 | Method for diagnosing degradation of shield body for conservator |
| CN107491123A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-19 | 杭州柯林电气股份有限公司 | A kind of intelligence control system and method for transformer Maintenance-free respirator |
| WO2022004139A1 (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Transformer diagnosis method and diagnosis system |
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