JP2009114892A - Supercharger and method for designing supercharger - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a supercharger inhibiting unexpected faulty operation, and a method for designing the supercharger. <P>SOLUTION: The supercharger 1 is provided with a turbine 2 driving a turbine impeller 5 by exhaust gas made flow into an annular gas channel 10, a variable capacity device capable of varying flow speed of exhaust gas by opening and closing a plurality of nozzle vanes 31 arranged in the annular gas channel 10 with keeping predetermined interval in a circumferential shape, and a compressor 3 driving a compressor impeller 6 by rotation force of the turbine impeller 5. The variable capacity device includes a drive ring 33 provided on an outer circumference surface of a shroud 12, a slide joint 34, a link member 35 retaining and sliding the nozzle vanes 31 on the slide joint 34 with accompanying rotary drive of the drive ring 33 to open and close the nozzle vanes 31. An area in the slide zone of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 is specified according to predetermined lifetime. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a supercharger and a supercharger design method.

With the exhaust gas and environmental issues of automobiles being highlighted around the world, the use of turbochargers is becoming essential in order to meet emission regulations, reduce fuel consumption, and improve performance in the passenger car-class small diesel engine market is there. From such a background, it is possible to improve the performance in a wide range from a low speed to a high speed range by providing the turbocharger with a variable capacity device that can move the nozzle vane at the exhaust gas inflow portion of the turbine to make the flow passage area variable. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). In such a variable capacity device, the nozzle vane is opened and closed by using a drive mechanism.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-40251

  In the drive mechanism described above, wear occurs at the sliding portion, and rattling may occur due to the progress of wear. As such a drive mechanism, for example, a combination of a slide joint that is rotatably provided and a link member that sandwiches the slide joint and is slidable is used. Wear may occur in the sliding portions of the link member and the slide joint, which may cause rattling due to the progress of wear and may not provide good operation. Such a rattling state is regarded as the life of the member and requires maintenance such as replacement. Conventionally, however, the relationship between wear and life has not been taken into account, so that the life of the member may be reached due to the progress of wear, leading to an unexpected malfunction of the variable capacity device.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, Comprising: It aims at providing the supercharger by which generation | occurrence | production of an unexpected malfunctioning is suppressed, and the design method of a supercharger.

The present invention employs the following configuration in order to solve the above problems.
A turbocharger according to the present invention includes a turbine that drives a turbine impeller by exhaust gas that is flowed from an internal combustion engine into an annular gas passage, and a plurality of nozzle vanes that are circumferentially arranged in the annular gas passage at predetermined intervals. A turbocharger comprising: a variable displacement device that makes the flow rate of the exhaust gas variable by opening and closing; and a compressor that drives a compressor impeller by the rotational force of the turbine impeller, wherein the variable displacement device includes the turbine impeller A drive ring that is swingably provided on a shroud that surrounds the slide ring, a slide joint that is pivotable with respect to the drive ring, and that holds the nozzle vane and slides on the slide joint as the drive ring rotates. A link member that opens and closes the nozzle vane by moving, and Area in the sliding region of the ride joint and the link member may be defined in accordance with the life of the preset the slide joints and the link members.

  According to the supercharger of the present invention, since the slide joint and the link member have a shape having a contact area corresponding to a predetermined life, for example, the slide joint and the link member satisfy a predetermined life, It is possible to prevent the occurrence of a problem that the slide joint and the link member unexpectedly reach the end of their lives and suddenly cause the malfunction of the variable capacity device. Thus, the reliability in a supercharger can be improved by considering the relationship between wear and life. Here, if the contact area of the slide joint and the link member becomes relatively large, the wear amount increases with the increase of the surface pressure and the life is shortened. On the other hand, if the contact area becomes relatively small, the surface pressure decreases. As a result, the amount of wear is reduced and the life is extended. Therefore, for example, when the required component life is short, the slide joint and the link portion can be reduced by reducing the contact area, and as a result, the turbocharger can be reduced in size.

  Moreover, in the supercharger, it is preferable that corners of the slide joint are chamfered.

  In the supercharger, it is preferable that the link member has a sandwiching portion that holds the slide joint in a sandwiched state, and a tip portion of the sandwiching portion is chamfered.

  A turbocharger design method according to the present invention includes a turbine that drives a turbine impeller by exhaust gas flowing into an annular gas passage from an internal combustion engine, and a drive ring that can swing on a shroud that surrounds the outer periphery of the turbine impeller. Exhaust gas flowing into the annular gas flow path by opening and closing the nozzle vanes provided in the link member by allowing the joint to rotate and sliding the link member with respect to the slide joint during the rotation of the drive ring A turbocharger design method comprising: a variable displacement device that varies a flow rate of a turbine; and a compressor that drives a compressor impeller by a rotational force of the turbine impeller, wherein the slide joint is designed when the variable displacement device is designed. And calculating the contact area of the link member according to a desired life, and before calculating Performing a shape design of the sliding joint and the link member on the basis of the contact area, characterized in that it comprises a.

  According to the turbocharger design method of the present invention, since the slide joint and the link member have a step of designing into a shape having a contact area corresponding to a predetermined component life, for example, the slide joint and the link member are The predetermined life is satisfied, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a malfunction such that the slide joint and the link member unexpectedly reach the end of their lives and suddenly cause a malfunction of the variable capacity device. By considering the relationship between wear and life in this way, a highly reliable supercharger can be provided. Here, if the contact area of the slide joint and the link member becomes relatively small, the amount of wear increases as the surface pressure increases and the life is shortened. On the other hand, if the contact area becomes relatively large, the surface pressure decreases. As a result, the amount of wear is reduced and the life is extended. Therefore, for example, when the required component life is short, the slide joint and the link portion are reduced by reducing the contact area, and a small turbocharger that satisfies the desired life can be designed.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
Since the slide joint and the link member have a shape having a contact area corresponding to a predetermined life, the reliability in the supercharger can be improved by considering the relationship between the wear and the life. . Further, when the desired life is short, the slide joint and the link portion can be reduced in size by reducing the contact area, and as a result, the turbocharger can be reduced in size.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, embodiment mentioned later is an example, This invention is not limited to this, Of course, it can change suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a supercharger according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a variable capacity device provided in the supercharger.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a supercharger 1 is disposed between a turbine 2, a compressor 3 that supplies compressed gas toward an internal combustion engine (for example, an automobile diesel engine), and the compressor 3 that is disposed between them. And a bearing portion 4.

    The turbine 2 rotates a turbine housing 2a, a turbine impeller 5 provided in the turbine housing 2a, an annular shroud (turbine shroud) 12 provided between the turbine impeller 5 and the turbine housing 2a, and the turbine impeller 5 A shaft 7 that can be used. Further, the turbine housing 2 a includes a scroll flow path 9 provided with an exhaust gas inlet (inlet) 8 at one end, and an exhaust gas outlet 11 formed at the center.

  The exhaust gas inlet 8 is connected to an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine (not shown), and exhaust gas is guided from the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas outlet 11 is connected to an exhaust cylinder (not shown) or the like. An annular gas passage 10 is provided in the inner peripheral portion of the scroll passage 9 so as to introduce the exhaust gas into the turbine impeller 5. The exhaust gas after driving the turbine impeller 5 is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 11.

  The compressor 3 includes a compressor impeller 6 that is integrally formed with the turbine impeller 5 via the shaft 7, and a compressor housing 3 a that covers the compressor impeller 6. An intake port 25 is formed coaxially with the shaft 7 in the compressor housing 3a. Outside air is sucked from the intake port 25. The compressor housing 3a is connected to an air supply port of the internal combustion engine, and is provided with an annular flow path 42 for guiding pressurized air to the internal combustion engine.

  The bearing portion 4 includes a bearing portion 21 that supports the shaft 7 and a bearing housing 22 that supports the bearing portion 21, and the shaft 7 is rotatably provided to the bearing housing 22. Examples of the bearing portion 21 include a ball bearing. Further, the bearing housing 22 is integrally connected to the turbine housing 2a at one end side, for example, by screws or the like, and is integrally connected to the compressor housing 3a at the other end side.

  Based on such a configuration, in the supercharger 1, the turbine impeller 5 is rotationally driven by the exhaust gas supplied via the exhaust gas inlet 8 in the scroll passage 9, and is connected to the turbine impeller 5 via the shaft 7. The compressor impeller 6 is rotationally driven in conjunction with it. Then, the compressed air is sent into the annular flow path 42 by the rotation of the compressor impeller 6, and the compressed air can be supplied to the internal combustion engine.

  By the way, the supercharger 1 according to the present embodiment includes a multi-vane variable capacity device 30 as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a view when the exhaust gas outlet 11 side is viewed from the inside of the turbine 2. In FIG. 2, the turbine housing 2 a and the like are not shown for easy understanding of the configuration of the variable capacity device 30.

  The variable capacity device 30 includes a plurality of nozzle vanes 31 and a drive mechanism 32. The nozzle vanes 31 are arranged circumferentially in the annular gas flow path 10 at predetermined intervals so as to surround the turbine impeller 5. That is, the nozzle vanes 31 are arranged at predetermined intervals around the rotation axis of the turbine impeller 5.

  The drive mechanism 32 includes a drive ring 33 provided so as to be swingable in the circumferential direction of the shroud 12 of the turbine 2, and a plurality of slide joints 34 provided rotatably on the turbine impeller 5 side of the drive ring 33, Each of the slide joints 34 includes a link member 35 that is slidable and that holds each nozzle vane 31.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the variable capacitance device 30 will be described in detail. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of the variable capacitance device 30. As shown in FIG. 3, the drive ring 33 is provided with a support shaft 36 that rotatably supports a slide joint 34 having a substantially square shape in plan view. The support shaft 36 is connected and fixed by caulking or the like with an end portion fitted in a connection hole 33 a provided at a position corresponding to the arrangement interval of the nozzle vanes 31 in the drive ring 33. The support shaft 36 may be integrally formed with the drive ring 33 by using, for example, precision pressing (fine blanking).

  The link member 35 is formed of a substantially fork-shaped member and holds the slide joint 34 so as to sandwich it. Specifically, the link member 35 has a sandwiching portion 35a that holds the slide joint 34 in a sandwiched state. A slight gap is formed between the sandwiching portion 35a and the slide joint 34 so as not to cause backlash, whereby the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 are slidable. In addition, the corner | angular part of the said slide joint 34 and the front-end | tip part of the said clamping part 35a are chamfered, and it prevents that the partial wear by a corner | angular part arises at the time of sliding.

  Further, one end side of the nozzle vane holding shaft 31a is fitted into a connecting hole provided in the link member 35 and connected and fixed by caulking or the like, and each nozzle vane 31 is fixed (held) to the other end side of the nozzle vane holding shaft 31a. ing. Thereby, the nozzle vane 31 can operate integrally with the link member 35. As shown in FIG. 1, the nozzle vane holding shaft 31 a is held in a state of penetrating the shroud 12 from the outside to the inside, whereby the nozzle vane 31 is arranged in the annular gas flow path 10.

  The drive ring 33 is formed with through holes 37 corresponding to the number of the nozzle vanes 31 in an arc shape to prevent interference with the protruding portion of the nozzle vane holding shaft 31 a that is crimped to the link member 35. .

  Furthermore, the drive ring 33 is provided with an actuator 53 via a drive link 51 and an arm 52 as shown in FIG. Specifically, a drive joint 55 is rotatably provided on a support shaft 54 that is fitted at one end side into a connection hole provided in the drive ring 33 and connected and fixed by caulking or the like. A drive link 51 is provided so as to sandwich the. The drive joint 55 has the same configuration as the slide joint 34, and the drive link 51 has the same configuration as the link member 35.

  A support shaft 52a is provided on one end side of the arm 52, and the drive link is connected and fixed to the support shaft 52a. The support shaft 52a is rotatably supported by the turbine housing 2a, for example. A support shaft 52b is provided on the other end side of the arm 52, and an actuator 53 is connected to the support shaft 52b.

  Further, the actuator 53 holds the drive ring 33 in a predetermined position via the drive link 51 and the arm 52 and swings in the circumferential direction so that the link via the support shaft 36 and the slide joint 34 shown in FIG. By swinging the member 35, the driving force is transmitted to the nozzle vanes 31 so that the nozzle vanes 31 can be opened and closed in conjunction with each other.

Next, the operation of the supercharger 1 according to this embodiment will be described.
The supercharger 1 rotationally drives the turbine impeller 5 by exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as an automobile engine (not shown), and the compressor impeller 6 is rotationally driven through the shaft 7 by this rotation. When the compressor impeller 6 is driven to rotate, the air (outside air) sucked from the intake port 25 is compressed by the annular flow path 42 provided in the compressor, and compressed air can be obtained. The compressed air is supplied to the internal combustion engine from a blower outlet (not shown).

  The compressed air is used for fuel consumption in the internal combustion engine. By this combustion, exhaust gas is discharged from the internal combustion engine and taken into the supercharger 1 from the exhaust gas inlet 8. The exhaust gas continues the operation of rotating the turbine impeller 5 via the scroll passage 9 in the turbine 2.

  By the way, the flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied to the turbine 2 changes according to the rotational speed of the engine. Therefore, the supercharger 1 according to the present embodiment appropriately adjusts the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing into the turbine impeller 5 through the annular gas passage 10 by adjusting the angle of the nozzle vane 31 by the variable capacity device 30. Engine performance can be improved by supercharging over a wide range from low speed to high speed.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the variable capacitance device 30 will be described.

When the exhaust gas flow rate at the time of engine low speed is low, the nozzle vane 31 is rotated to throttle the annular gas passage 10.
Specifically, the actuator 53 is operated in the contraction direction (D direction in FIG. 4). Then, the operation of the actuator 53 is transmitted to the drive ring 33 via the arm 52, the drive link 51, and the drive joint 55, and the drive ring 33 rotates in the direction A in FIG. When the drive ring 33 rotates in the direction A in FIG. 4, the slide joint 34 rotates about the support shaft 36, and at this time, the link member 35 and the slide joint 34 slide. Thereby, the nozzle vane 31 rotates counterclockwise (F direction in FIG. 4) about the nozzle vane holding shaft 31a via the slide joint 34 and the link member 35. Therefore, the nozzle vane 31 can open the flow path of the exhaust gas flowing into the annular gas flow path 10.

On the other hand, when the flow rate of exhaust gas at high engine speed is high, the nozzle vane 31 is rotated to open the annular gas passage 10.
Specifically, the actuator 53 shown in FIG. 4 is operated in the extending direction (C direction in FIG. 4). Then, the operation of the actuator 53 is transmitted to the drive ring 33 via the arm 52, the drive link 51, and the drive joint 55, and the drive ring 33 rotates in the direction B in FIG. When the drive ring 33 rotates in the direction B in FIG. 4, the slide joint 34 rotates about the support shaft 36, and at this time, the link member 35 and the slide joint 34 slide. As a result, the nozzle vane 31 rotates clockwise (E direction in FIG. 4) about the nozzle vane holding shaft 31a via the slide joint 34 and the link member 35. Therefore, the nozzle vane 31 can restrict the exhaust gas flow path flowing into the annular gas flow path 10.

  By the way, as described above, when the nozzle vane 31 is opened and closed, the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 slide. Therefore, the contact surfaces (sliding surfaces) in the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 wear with time. When the wear amount exceeds a predetermined value, rattling occurs between the slide joint 34 and the link member 35, and the variable capacity device 30 cannot be operated satisfactorily, and desired performance is obtained in the supercharger 1. Becomes difficult. That is, the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 in which such rattling occurs are regarded as the lifetime.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the areas of the sliding portions of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 are defined according to a preset life (the slide joint 34 and the link member 35).

  In the present embodiment, when designing the variable capacity device 30, the step of calculating the contact area of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 according to a desired life, and the slide joint based on the calculated contact area 34 and a step of designing the shape of the link member 35.

  The supercharger 1 according to the present embodiment has a shape in which the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 are in contact with each other by an area (contact area) defined according to a predetermined life. Specifically, the contact area is increased by increasing the size of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 to extend the life.

  As the area of these sliding regions increases, the surface pressure decreases. This surface pressure affects the amount of wear that occurs in the sliding area. The reason for this will be described below with reference to the graph shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, there is a proportional relationship between the amount of wear of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 and the contact surface pressure. Further, there is an inversely proportional relationship between the surface pressure and the contact area, for example, the contact surface pressure decreases as the contact area at the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 increases. That is, as in this embodiment, for example, by increasing the contact area of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35, the amount of wear can be reduced, and the life of these members can be extended.

  The slide joint 34 and the link member 35 according to the present embodiment have a large contact area according to a preset life. In general, the actuator for driving the nozzle vanes is appropriately set according to the sizes of the slide joint and the link member. However, from the viewpoint of cost reduction, it is desirable that the actuator can be shared regardless of the size of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35.

Therefore, the supercharger 1 according to the present embodiment realizes common use of actuators by satisfying the conditions described later. Hereinafter, the design conditions of the supercharger 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, the torque applied to the nozzle vane 31 is T, and the force applied to the arm 52 (driving force of the actuator 53) is F. Further, the distance between the support shafts 52a and 52b in the arm 52 is L1, and the distance between the support shaft 52a and the support shaft 54 provided on the drive ring 33 is L2, and from the center C of the drive ring 33 to the support shaft 54. Is a distance L3, a distance from the center C of the drive ring 33 to the support shaft 36 that rotatably supports the slide joint 34 is L4, and a distance between the nozzle vane holding shaft 31a and the support shaft 36 is L5. And

  At this time, the torque T applied to the nozzle vane 31 satisfies the following expression.

  T = F × (L1 / L2) × (L3 / L4) × L5 (Formula 1)

  Here, when the torque T and the driving force F of the actuator 53 are not changed, the following conditions are satisfied.

  (L1 / L2) × (L3 / L4) × L5 = constant (Formula 2)

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the size of each member changes in order to change the contact area according to the predetermined lifetime in the slide joint 34 and the link member 35. Therefore, the distance L4 between the center C of the drive ring 33 and the support shaft 36 and the distance L5 between the nozzle vane holding shaft 31a and the support shaft 36 vary. In order to make the actuator 53 common, the distance L1 between the support shafts 52a and 52b of the arm 52 needs to be constant. Therefore, in order to make the actuator 53 common regardless of the size of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35, the distance L2 between the support shaft 52a and the support shaft 54, and the distance between the center C of the drive ring 33 and the support shaft 54. L3 may be designed so as to satisfy the condition shown in the following expression 3.

  (L5 / L2) × (L3 / L4) = constant (Formula 3)

  Based on such conditions, the variable capacity device 30 includes an actuator 53 mounted as a mechanism for driving the nozzle vane 31 even when the shapes and sizes of the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 change according to a predetermined life. Can be shared. By sharing the actuator 53 in this way, the cost of the variable capacity device 30 can be reduced, and as a result, the cost of the supercharger 1 can be reduced.

  According to the supercharger 1 according to the present embodiment, the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 have a shape having a contact area corresponding to a predetermined life. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of a problem that the service life is satisfied, the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 reach the service life unexpectedly, and the variable capacity device 30 suddenly malfunctions. Thus, the reliability in the supercharger 1 can be greatly improved by considering the relationship between wear and life.

  As described above, when the contact area between the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 is relatively large, the wear amount is increased along with the surface pressure, so that the life is shortened. On the other hand, when the contact area is relatively small, the wear amount is accompanied with the surface pressure. The life is extended by decreasing

  For example, when the required component life is short, the contact area can be reduced, and the slide joint 34 and the link member 35 can be reduced, thereby reducing the size of the supercharger 1. Can be planned.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of a supercharger. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the variable capacity apparatus provided in a supercharger. It is a top view which shows the structure of the principal part of a variable capacitance apparatus. It is a disassembled perspective view of a variable capacity apparatus. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a surface pressure and the amount of wear. It is a figure for demonstrating the design conditions of a supercharger.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Supercharger, 2 ... Turbine, 3 ... Compressor, 5 ... Turbine impeller, 6 ... Compressor impeller, 10 ... Annular gas flow path, 12 ... Shroud, 30 ... Variable capacity apparatus, 31 ... Nozzle vane, 33 ... Drive ring, 34 ... slide joint, 35 ... link member, 35a ... clamping part

Claims (4)

A turbine that drives a turbine impeller by exhaust gas that is flowed from an internal combustion engine into an annular gas passage, and the exhaust gas by opening and closing a plurality of nozzle vanes that are circumferentially arranged in the annular gas passage at predetermined intervals. In a turbocharger comprising: a variable capacity device that makes the flow rate of the variable variable; and a compressor that drives a compressor impeller by the rotational force of the turbine impeller,
The variable displacement device includes a drive ring that is swingably provided on a shroud that surrounds the turbine impeller, a slide joint that is rotatably provided to the drive ring, and a nozzle vane that holds the nozzle vane and rotates the drive ring. A link member that opens and closes the nozzle vane by sliding on the slide joint in operation,
The area in the sliding area | region of the said slide joint and the said link member is prescribed | regulated according to the lifetime of the said slide joint and link member which were preset.   The supercharger according to claim 1, wherein a corner portion of the slide joint is chamfered.   The supercharger according to claim 1, wherein the link member has a sandwiching portion that holds the slide joint in a sandwiched state, and a leading end portion of the sandwiching portion is chamfered. . A slide joint is rotatable in a turbine that drives a turbine impeller by exhaust gas that is flowed from an internal combustion engine into an annular gas flow path, and a drive ring that can swing on a shroud that surrounds the outer periphery of the turbine impeller. A variable capacity device that varies the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing into the annular gas flow path by opening and closing the nozzle vanes provided in the link member by sliding the link member with respect to the slide joint during the rotation operation of A turbocharger design method comprising: a compressor that drives a compressor impeller by a rotational force of a turbine impeller;
When designing the variable capacity device,
Calculating a contact area of the slide joint and the link member according to a desired lifetime;
And a step of designing the shapes of the slide joint and the link member based on the calculated contact area.

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