JP2009017764A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that in a conventional electric motor using a direct driving method, a large number of winding magnetic poles are required, thereby complicating mechanical structure and electric circuit while complicating manufacture and increasing price. <P>SOLUTION: In an electric motor, many winding magnetic poles can be magnetized by one or a small number of winding structures and mechanical structure, electrical circuit, and manufacturing process can be simplified. The constitution, combination, layout, and the like of the permanent magnet poles and the winding magnetic poles are diversitied so as to reduce the price and as to diversify the use. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motor that can be used as a direct drive electric motor that is connected to various rotating devices and directly supplies necessary rotational power without using a reduction gear.

  Conventional electric motors themselves have mainly been used to transmit rotational power that has been rotated at a high speed and changed to a rotational speed required for a driven rotary device that rotates at a low speed via a speed reducer. Permanent magnets and the like can be supplied, and a direct drive type electric motor in which the rotation speed of the electric motor is matched to the rotation speed of the driven rotary device has come to be used.

In direct drive type motors, which have been widely used in recent years, high-performance permanent magnet magnetic poles are used, and at the same time, the number of winding magnetic poles is increased so that a high rotational moment can be obtained even at low rotational speeds. Has been.
However, the problem with this method is the complexity of the structure and control electric circuit due to the increase in the number of winding magnetic poles, and the accompanying increase in price.

The electric motor of the present invention is provided with a pair of disk-like magnetic circuits in which a large number of magnetic poles are provided on the circumference, and one or a small number of wound magnetic poles are arranged at the center.
Then, the magnetic poles are alternately arranged to function as N poles and S poles, respectively, and the polarity of the magnetic poles is converted by a control electric circuit, and the same number of magnetic poles arranged around these winding magnetic pole groups. A rotating moment was generated in the permanent magnet magnetic pole.
If necessary, a plurality of these magnetic pole structures are stacked to reduce the number of structural components and increase the output.

    In the electric motor according to the present invention, the number of winding magnetic poles is one or several, and it is possible to adopt an extremely simple mechanical mechanism and control electric circuit, thereby reducing the manufacturing complexity and preventing an increase in price. It has become possible.

Next, an embodiment of an electric motor according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electric motor according to the first means of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numerals 1 and 11 denote permanent magnet magnetic pole support side plates, which are fixed to the side surfaces of the permanent magnet holding ring indicated by reference numeral 2 and the permanent magnet ring indicated by reference numeral 3 bonded to the inner surface of the holding ring. A magnetic pole structure is formed.
The permanent magnet magnetic pole structure is provided at the center of the support side plates 1 and 11 and is rotatably held on the central axis indicated by reference numeral 4 by a holding member indicated by reference numeral 12 having a bearing attached to the inner surface thereof.
The holding material 12 also functions as an output shaft for rotational power.
The permanent magnet ring 3 has a plurality of permanent magnetic poles magnetized alternately with N and S poles on its inner surface.
In this embodiment, the case where the permanent magnet ring has an integral structure has been described. However, even if the individual permanent magnet pieces are bonded to each other, the same function can be achieved.
Reference numerals 5a, 5b,... And 9a, 9b,... Are circles of the magnetic pole support plate indicated by reference numerals 6 and 10 connected to both ends of the magnetic core indicated by reference numeral 7a and the winding indicated by reference numeral 8a. The winding magnetic pole arrange | positioned on the periphery is shown.
The magnetic poles 5a, 5b,... And the opposite polarity magnetic poles 9a, 9b,... Are alternately combined at an appropriate distance to form a cylindrical shape.
The total number of magnetic poles 5a, 5b,... And the number of magnetic poles 9a, 9b,.
Winding magnetic pole 5a. 5b .. and 9a, 9b .. change the direction of the current flowing through the winding 8a, the magnetic polarity changes, and an attractive force and a repulsive force are generated between them and the permanent magnet magnetic pole structure. A rotational moment is generated and the rotational power is transmitted to the output shaft of the motor.

FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electric motor according to the second means of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numerals 7a and 7b denote two independent winding cores, and reference numerals 8a and 8b denote two independent windings mounted on the winding core. .
In this structure, if a ferromagnetic material is used for the central axis 4, it cannot be used because a magnetic short circuit occurs.
Further, in this embodiment, the case where there are two winding magnetic cores and windings has been described, but it is possible to function similarly even with one winding, and it is also possible to use a larger number of winding structures. Needless to say.
In the embodiment of the means 1, the path of the magnetic circuit of the wound magnetic pole structure becomes long and there is a possibility of increasing the magnetic resistance. However, the problem is reduced in the means 2.
Moreover, the effect tends to increase by increasing the number of winding structures.
The electrical operation by this second means is exactly the same as that of means 1.

FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electric motor according to the third means of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, only the wound magnetic pole structure is shown for the sake of simplicity.
The permanent magnet magnetic pole structure and the like are exactly the same as the means 1 and 2.
In the figure, reference numerals 7c, 7d and 7e denote winding magnetic cores directly formed on the winding magnetic pole supporting side plates 6 and 10, and reference numerals 8c, 8d, 8e and 8f denote the winding magnetic cores 7c, 7d and 7e. The winding provided above is shown.
Although the number of the wound magnetic cores is essentially four, one is not shown because it is hidden by a fixing member for fixing the wound magnetic pole supporting side plate on the central axis 4, which is indicated by reference numeral 13.
The holding member 13 is mounted on the central axis, and at the periphery thereof, the lower part of the winding cores 7c, 7d and 7e is fixed and held, and the entire winding magnetic pole is magnetically closed. .
In this embodiment, the case where there are two pairs of winding magnetic poles has been described, but it is possible to function in the same way even in the case of one pair, and it is possible to function in the same manner in the case of three or more pairs. Needless to say.

FIG. 4 is a partially exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electric motor according to the fourth means of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numerals 7a and 7b indicate winding magnetic cores, reference numerals 8a and 8b indicate windings, and reference numeral 4 indicates a central axis as in the past. In the means, the central axis 4 is not fixed and functions as a rotation axis.
Reference numerals 22 and 23 denote winding magnetic pole structure fixed side plates, which are fixed to the motor housing by a fixing material (not shown).
Reference numeral 12 denotes a holding member fixed to the central portion of the winding magnetic pole structure fixed side plate 23. The holding member 12 has a bearing mounted on the inner surface thereof and holds the central shaft 4 rotatably.
A similar holding material is also disposed on the winding magnetic pole structure fixed side plate 22, but is not shown because it is behind the side plate 22.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a permanent magnet magnetic pole ring, and reference numeral 3 denotes a permanent magnet magnetic pole holding material as in the past. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet magnetic pole holding material 3 is fixed to the central shaft 4 and is permanent. The function of transmitting the rotational moment generated in the magnetic pole ring 2 to the central axis 4 is achieved.
Permanent magnet magnetic poles do not have a ring structure, and can function in the same manner even if individual permanent magnets are bonded and arranged on the circumference of the holding material 3.
.. And 5a, 9b,... And 9a, 9b,... Indicate winding magnetic poles as before, and are arranged on the inner circumference of the winding magnetic pole support side plate indicated by reference numerals 18 and 19, respectively. The magnetic poles having opposite magnetism are alternately arranged and arranged around the permanent magnet magnetic pole ring with an appropriate distance.
Reference numerals 7a and 7b indicate winding magnetic cores, and reference numerals 8a and 8b indicate windings, which are the same as before.
In this embodiment, the case where two winding structures are used has been described, but even one piece can function in the same manner, but if three or more winding structures are used, higher performance is exhibited. Things will be possible.
In this embodiment, the case of adopting a cylindrical winding structure has been described. However, by using a flat plate shape, the internal space utilization of the motor is improved and the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is reduced. Is also effective.

FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electric motor according to the fifth means of the present invention.
In the figure, for the sake of simplicity, only the winding structure is shown, and the permanent magnet magnetic pole structure and the like are the same as before, and the illustration is omitted for simplicity.
As means for increasing the output of the electric motor according to the means 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention, it is conceivable to increase the dimension in the diameter direction or the central axis direction.
However, in these methods, it is necessary to design and manufacture a new part and the like, and further increase the magnetic resistance of the winding structure, which may cause a reduction in efficiency.
In the present invention, as a means for avoiding these problems, a method is adopted in which a plurality of winding structures having the same structure are stacked in the direction of the central axis.
In FIG. 5, the winding magnetic poles 5 a, 5 b, and 9 a, 9 b, the winding magnetic core 7 a, the winding 8 a and the winding magnetic pole side plate 6 are the same as in FIG. 1, but in this embodiment, A wound magnetic pole structure having the same structure as the wound magnetic pole structure is added.
That is, as is apparent in the figure, the winding magnetic poles indicated by reference numerals 14a, 14b... And 15a, 15b..., The winding magnetic core indicated by reference numeral 7b, the winding indicated by reference numeral 8b and the reference numeral 16, The winding structure to which the winding structure comprised by the winding magnetic pole side plate shown by 17 was added is shown.
However, in this mechanism, the direction of the current flowing through the winding 8a and the winding 8b is reversed, or the winding direction is reversed, and the winding magnetic poles 9a, 9b... 14a, 14b,. The magnetic polarities generated in the line magnetic poles 5a, 5b,... 9a, 9b,.
In this embodiment, the case where two wound magnetic pole structures are stacked has been described, but it goes without saying that three or more wound structures can be stacked and function in the same manner.
According to this means, it is not necessary to increase the types of parts and the like, and it is possible to prevent the deterioration of characteristics due to an increase in the dimensions of parts as well as improving productivity.
In this embodiment, the case corresponding to the structure of the means 1 has been described, but it is needless to say that the means 2, 3 and 4 can also be applied.

In the electric motor of the present invention, the same number of permanent magnet magnetic poles and winding magnetic pole structures are employed. However, in the prior art, such a structure is difficult to start and is rarely used except for special cases.
When the number of permanent magnet magnetic poles and the number of wound magnetic poles are the same, the magnetic equilibrium point between the magnetic poles and the electrical equilibrium point become equal, which causes difficult startup.
In the present invention, by reducing the vertical width of each magnetic pole and increasing the length in the horizontal direction, the magnetic resistance in the vertical direction is comparatively increased and the magnetic resistance in the circumferential direction is reduced to reduce the gap between the magnetic poles. The magnetic equilibrium point and the electrical equilibrium point were not matched.
[FIG. 6] (a) and (b) are partially exploded views showing the state in a replicated manner.
The figure shows a state in which a part of the permanent magnet electrode structure and the wound magnetic pole structure are cut by a plane surface perpendicular to the central axis.
[FIG. 6] In FIG. 6A, reference numerals 30a, 30b and 30c indicate permanent magnet magnetic poles, and reference numerals 5a, 5b and 5c indicate wound magnetic poles.
Permanent magnet poles are shown here as separate magnetic poles rather than ring structures for ease of understanding.
Reference numeral 6 denotes a wound magnetic pole support side plate, and reference numeral 2 denotes a permanent magnet magnetic pole support ring, which is the same as before.
Reference numerals 31a, 31b, 31c and 31d indicate magnetic flux paths passing through the wound magnetic pole support side plate 6. When the permanent magnet magnetic pole and the wound magnetic pole are facing each other, the magnetic flux flowing between the magnetic poles mainly flows through this path. When this path shows the minimum magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit, this state becomes a magnetic equilibrium point.
This is also the point of electrical equilibrium when current flows through the wound magnetic pole structure.
[FIG. 6] In FIG. 6B, reference numerals 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d indicate paths through which the magnetic flux flows when the permanent magnet magnetic pole is stationary between two winding magnetic poles.
In order for the permanent magnet pole to rest at this point when de-energized, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic flux path must have a minimum value.
In the present invention, the above-mentioned conditions can be satisfied by appropriately setting the shape dimension of each magnetic pole and the interval between them.
[FIG. 7] (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) are adopted such that the magnetic equilibrium point when not energized is more reliably different from the electrical equilibrium point. It is the fragmentary sectional view and partial plan view which show a measure.
[FIG. 7] In FIG. 7A, magnetic poles indicated by reference numerals 33a and 33b, which are made of a ferromagnetic material, are added to adjacent portions of a pair of adjacent magnetic poles of a conventional permanent magnet magnetic pole.
As a result, the distance between the magnetic poles 33a and 33b and the winding magnetic pole 5a is reduced, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet magnetic poles 30a and 30b is concentrated, and a strong magnetic attractive force acts on the winding magnetic pole. A magnetic equilibrium point is formed that is stationary at an intermediate position between the magnetic poles 30a and 30b and deviates from the electrical equilibrium point.
Therefore, with this mechanism, the difficulty of starting the motor does not occur.
[FIG. 7] In (a) and (b), instead of adding the magnetic poles 33a and 33b, in a portion away from the adjacent portion of the pair of permanent magnet magnetic poles indicated by reference numerals 34a, 34b and 34c, 34d. A notch and an inclined portion were provided to give the same function as [FIG. 7] (a).
[FIG. 7] In (d), the distance between adjacent 30a, 30b and 30c, 30d is reduced, the reluctance of the mutual transverse magnetic flux path is reduced, and the electrical equilibrium point and the magnetic equilibrium point coincide. I prevented things.
Similarly, in [FIG. 7] (e), notches are provided on opposite sides of the pair of permanent magnet magnetic poles indicated by reference numerals 35a and 35b. Similarly, in FIG. 7 (f), reference numerals 56a, 36b and 36c, The same side surface of 36d was cut obliquely so that the reluctance of the transverse magnetic flux path between 35a, 35b, 46a, 36b, and 36c, 36d was relatively small.

Next, the winding structure and driving circuit of the electric motor according to the present invention will be described with reference to a block circuit diagram.
In the electric motor of the present invention, both double winding and single winding can be used.
[FIG. 8] (a) shows a block electric circuit diagram when a double winding is used, and [FIG. 8] (b) shows a block circuit diagram of an electric circuit when a single winding is adopted. .
In the figure, reference numeral 40 denotes a positive voltage power supply input terminal, and reference numeral 41 denotes a negative voltage power supply connection terminal.
Reference numeral 42 indicates a control circuit, and reference numerals 47a and 47b indicate two low-side switches.
The control circuit 42 controls the operation of the electric motor by sending a control pulse to the low-side switch and controlling the pulse width and interval.
Reference numeral 43 indicates a change-over switch that switches the rotational position sensors indicated by reference numerals 44a and 44b and determines the rotation direction of the electric motor.
Reference numeral 45 indicates a wound magnetic core, and reference numerals 46 a and 46 b indicate windings provided on the wound magnetic core 45.
The end of the winding 46a and the starting end of the winding 46b are coupled and connected to the positive voltage power supply wiring, the starting end of the winding 46a is connected to the low side switch 47a, and the end of the winding 46b is connected to the low side switch 47b. .
When a signal is sent from the control circuit 42 to the low-side switch 47a, the switch is energized, a current flows through the winding 46a, and a magnetic force is generated in the magnetic core 45.
When the signal from the control circuit 42 reaches the low-side switch 47b, the switch is energized, a current flows through the winding 46b, and a reverse magnetic force is generated in the magnetic core 45.
In this embodiment, the case of one winding has been described, but even when there are a plurality of windings, the respective windings are connected in series or in parallel and operate in exactly the same manner as in the case of one winding.
Reference numerals 48a and 48b indicate the time series relationship of two control pulses sent from the control circuit 42 to each low-side switch.
The control circuit 42 controls the output and rotation speed of the electric motor by controlling the pulse width of these two pulses and the interval between them.
In this embodiment, the case where the low-side switch is used has been described. However, even if the high-side switch is used, the same function can be achieved.
FIG. 8B is a block circuit diagram when a single wire winding is used.
As is apparent from the figure, only the winding 46 a is provided on the magnetic core 45.
The starting end of the winding 46a is connected to an intermediate connection point between the high-side switch and the low-side switch 47a indicated by reference numeral 51a, and the terminal end is connected to an intermediate connection point between the high-side switch and the low-side switch 47b indicated by reference numeral 51b. .
From the control circuit 42, a high signal and a low signal are simultaneously sent to the two switch pairs, respectively, and enter the high and low states, respectively, and one end of the winding 46a is connected to the positive voltage power supply wiring and the other end is connected to the negative voltage power supply wiring. As a result, a current flows through the winding 46 a and a magnetic flux is generated in the magnetic core 45.
The rotation direction of the electric motor can be switched by the changeover switch 43, as in [FIG. 8] (a).
Even when there are a plurality of windings, the operation as an electric circuit is exactly the same as when there is only one winding.

Currently, the industry is rapidly adopting direct drive motors instead of conventional motors with reduction gears, but there is a voice that hopes to eliminate the high price, which is the biggest drawback of direct drive motors with conventional technology. Spread to the industry.
The present invention responds to such a demand, and is considered highly likely to be widely used.

These are the partial exploded perspective views which show one Example by the 1st means of the electric motor by this invention. These are the partial exploded perspective views which show one Example of the electric motor by the 2nd means of this invention. These are the partial exploded perspective views which show one Example of the electric motor by the 3rd means of this invention. These are the partial exploded perspective views which show one Example of the electric motor by the 4th means of this invention. These are the partial exploded perspective views which show one Example of the electric motor by the 5th means of this invention. (A) And (b)) is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the magnetic flux path between magnetic poles at the time of the stationary of the electric motor by this invention. (A), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) are a partial sectional view and a partial plan view showing the structure of a permanent magnet magnetic pole according to the present invention. (A) And (b) is a block circuit diagram which shows the winding circuit and control circuit of the motor by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1, 11, ... Permanent magnet support side plate 2, ... Permanent Magnet retaining ring 3, ......... Permanent magnet ring 4, ... .. Central axes 5a, 5b, 5c,..., 9a, 9b,.
14a, 14b, ..., 15a, 15b, ... Winding magnetic poles 6, 16, 17, 19, ... ... Winding magnetic pole support plates 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d , 7e, ... Winding core 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, ... Winding 13, ... ..... Magnetic pole support plate 12, ......... Holding material 18, 19, ... ... Winding magnetic pole support side plates 22, 23,... Winding magnetic pole structure fixed side plates 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 34a,
34b, 34c, 34d, 35a, 35b,
35c, 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, ... permanent magnet magnetic poles 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 32a,
32b, 32c, 32d, ... Magnetic flux path 33a, 33b, ... Additional magnetic pole 40, ...・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Positive voltage power supply terminal 41 、 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Negative voltage power supply terminal 42 、 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・························ Control circuit 43, ... ·········· Rotation position sensor 45, ·································· .... Winding 47a, 47b, ... Low side switch 48a, 48b, ... Control Circuit signal waveforms 51a, 51b,. ............. high-side switch

Claims (6)

Located in the center of the device, with a central axis fixed to the device housing,
On the central axis, provided with a pair of wound magnetic cores and windings provided in parallel with the axis,
While being fixed to both ends of the winding magnetic core and winding, constituting a magnetic path of a winding magnetic pole structure,
A winding magnetic pole supporting side plate in which a plurality of winding magnetic poles are arranged on the circumference,
The winding magnetic poles arranged on the circumference of the two winding magnetic pole supporting side plates are alternately combined to form a cylindrical shape, and the number of poles of the winding magnetic pole is separated from the outer circumference by an appropriate distance. A permanent magnet magnetic pole having the same number of poles as that of the motor is rotatably arranged. Located in the center of the device, with a central axis fixed to the device housing,
A pair of wound magnetic pole support side plates fixed to the central axis;
At a suitable position between the pair of winding magnetic pole side plates, a pair of winding cores and windings are provided in parallel to the central axis,
An electric motor comprising a wound magnetic pole structure similar to [Claim 1] and a permanent magnet magnetic pole structure. It is located at the center of the device and has a central axis fixed to the device housing.
A support member that is disposed on the central axis and fixes a central end of a pair of wound magnetic pole support side plates disposed before and after the central axis, and that forms a part of the magnetic circuit of the wound magnetic pole structure;
One or more windings are directly disposed on the pair of winding magnetic pole support side plates, respectively.
An electric motor comprising a wound magnetic pole structure similar to [Claim 1] and a permanent magnet magnetic pole structure.   In the electric motor according to {Claim 1}, [Claim 2], and [Claim 3], a plurality of winding magnetic pole structures are installed in the direction of the central axis, and correspond to the plurality of winding magnetic pole structures. An electric motor comprising a permanent magnet magnetic pole structure having a shape and size.   In the electric motors according to [Claim 1], [Claim 2], [Claim 3] and [Claim 4], the shape and size of each permanent magnet magnetic pole and winding magnetic pole are formed in the radial direction of the magnetic pole structure. An electric motor characterized in that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit formed in the circumferential direction is set smaller than the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit.   In the electric motors according to [Claim 1], [Claim 2], [Claim 3] and [Claim 4], the rotation direction can be changed by switching the rotational position sensor installed in the control electric circuit. An electric motor characterized by that.

Images